Italian Social Movement
Movimento Sociale Italiano
Former Italian National Party
Political ideology	Neofascism
Official Newspaper	Il Secolo d’Italia
Website	N/A
See also	Politics of Italy Political parties in Italy Elections in Italy Image File history File links Italian_Social_Movement. ... The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ... Politics of Italy takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Political parties in Italy are organized into two dominant political coalitions. ... Elections in Italy gives information on election and election results in Italy. ...

The Italian Social Movement (Movimento sociale italiano ) (MSI) was a neo-Fascist party formed 1946 in the post-World War II period by supporters of the executed dictator Benito Mussolini under the lead of Giorgio Almirante. It was dissolved in January 1995 by Gianfranco Fini, who founded the Alleanza Nazionale (AN), which embraced neoliberalism and claimed to respect democratic rules. Other hardliners founded the Fiamma Tricolore, Alessandra Mussolini, granddaughter of Il Duce, founded the Alternativa Sociale coalition. Furthermore, Gaetano Saya, leader of the outlawed Department of Anti-terrorism Strategic Studies (DSSA), founded the Nuovo Movimento Sociale Italiano - Destra Nazionale in 2000. Several members or close partners of the MSI were involved in Italy’s strategy of tension during the “anni di piombo” (“lead years”). This page pertains to fascism after World War II. For a discussion of groups and movements that also include as core tenets racial nationalism, antisemitism, and praise for Hitler, see Neo-Nazism. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was the Prime-Minister and fascist dictator of Italy from 1922 until his overthrow in 1943. ... Giorgio Almirante (1914-1988) was the founder and leader of the Italian Social Movement until his retirement in 1987. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Gianfranco Fini Gianfranco Fini (born January 3, 1952 in Bologna) is an Italian politician, currently Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in the Government led by Silvio Berlusconi. ... The National Alliance (Alleanza Nazionale) is a right-wing Italian party, formed from most of the former Italian Social Movement (Movimento Sociale Italiano, MSI) and conservative elements of the former Christian Democrats, the National Alliance (Alleanza Nazionale, AN) was created in 1994. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Movimento Sociale Fiamma Tricolore is a hardline Italian right-wing party. ... Alessandra Mussolini (born December 30, 1962) is an Italian fascist politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... Duce is an Italian word meaning leader (derived from Latin dux of the same meaning). ... Alternativa Sociale (English language: Social Alternative) is an Italian political coalition of neo-fascist parties. ... The Department of Anti-terrorism Strategic Studies (Italian: Dipartimento Studi Strategici Antiterrorismo, DSSA) is an Italian organization set up in 2004. ... The strategy of tension (Italian: strategia della tensione) is a way to control and manipulate public opinion using fear, propaganda, disinformation, psychological warfare, agents provocateurs, false flag terrorism actions and even terroristic actions. ... Politics of Italy takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

MSI, a creation of the fascist “Italian Social Republic”

For many of its supporters, MSI was both a reference to the Italian Social Republic, a Nazi puppet state in northern Italy also known as the Republic of Salò, and could also mean “Mussolini sei immortale”, or “Mussolini you are immortal”. War flag of the Italian Social Republic. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A puppet state is a state whose government, though notionally of the same culture as the governed people - owes its existence (or other major debt) to being installed, supported or controlled by a more powerful entity, typically a foreign power. ...

The neofascist Movimento Sociale Italiano was relegated to a state of paralegality because it refused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the new republic; it was therefore found at once inside and outside the post-war party system. The MSI was the keeper of the fascist torch mostly in a nostalgic mode, loyal to the fascism of the Republic of Salò.

An array of themes remained nearly identical for forty years which incuded:

• advocacy of the third way in between liberal capitalism and social-communism;
• rejection of the party system;
• intransigent anticommunism;
• appeals for a strong executive branch;
• support for aggressive government intervention in the social sphere;
• opposition to the guiding role of superpowers in international politics.

MSI’s national election results were around the 5 %. Its members were mostly of the southern underclass and the rural oligarchy and in the 1970s from the urban middle classes. Third way can refer to: The Third Way, an economic and political idea that positions itself between democratic socialism and laissez-faire capitalism, combining the ordoliberal social market with neo-liberalism. ... Anti-communism is opposition to communist ideology, organization, or government, on either a theoretical or practical level. ... The executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law and running the day-to-day affairs of the government or state. ... An American B-2 bomber in flight. ... Oligarchy is a form of government where most or all political power effectively rests with a small segment of society (typically the most powerful, whether by wealth, family, military strength, ruthlessness, or political influence). ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ...

Involvement in Gladio’s strategia della tensione

In 1956, Pino Rauti founded the Ordine Nuovo terrorist group, which carried on the December 1969 Piazza Fontana bombing, which started the Italian “lead years” (anni di piombo). Stefano Delle Chiaie, a member of MSI, founded Avanguardia Nazionale, which also took part in the strategy of tension. As a member of Armed Revolutionary Nuclei, an offshoot from Ordine Nuovo, Stefano Delle Chiaie was involved in the 1980 Bologna massacre, which is generally considered to be one of the last important bombings of the anni di piombo. Furthermore, Junio Valerio Borghese, who attempted a coup in 1970 (known as the Golpe Borghese with Stefano Delle Chiaie and Licio Gelli, headmaster of Propaganda Due (P2) masonic lodge), quit the MSI, which he considered too soft, to found the Fronte Nazionale. As Stefano Damian Marley Chiaie’s National Vanguard party, it was later proved to be infiltrated by members of the Italian intelligence agencies, whom were involved in false flags operations, coordinated by Gladio. 1969 Piazza Fontana bombing and the 1980 Bologna train-station massacre are examples of such “false flags” operations, which aimed at terrorizing the Italian population into voting for an authoritative government, while blaming the attacks on far-left groups, in order to discredit the Italian Communist Party (PCI). Gladio, which was NATO’s secret “stay-behind” paramilitary organizations during the Cold War, has been also alleged of being ultimately responsible for the assassination of Aldo Moro, leader of the Christian-Democracy, in 1978. The leader of the Italian intelligence services, member of P2, was accused of negligency during the negotiations with the Second Red Brigades, who had kidnapped the Italian premier ^[1]. 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Giuseppe Umberto Rauti (born 1926) has been a leading figure on the Italian far right for many years. ... Ordine Nuovo a. ... The Piazza Fontana bombing refers to the terrorist bombing on December 12th 1969 in the offices of Banca Nazionale dellAgricoltura (National Agrarian Bank) in Piazza Fontana, Milan, Italy. ... Politics of Italy takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Stefano Delle Chiaie (born 1934) was a figure on the far right of Italian politics who went on to become a wanted man worldwide. ... The National Vanguard (Avanguardia Nazionale) was a far right movement formed as a breakaway group from the Italian Social Movement by Stefano Delle Chiaie in 1960. ... The strategy of tension (Italian: strategia della tensione) is a way to control and manipulate public opinion using fear, propaganda, disinformation, psychological warfare, agents provocateurs, false flag terrorism actions and even terroristic actions. ... Rescue teams making their way through the rubble The Bologna massacre, also known in Italy as the Strage di Bologna, was a terrorist bombing against the Central Station of Bologna, Italy on the morning of 2 August 1980, which killed 85 people and wounded more than 200. ... Prince Junio Valerio Scipione Borghese (6 June 1906 - 26 August 1974) was an Italian naval commander and controversial political figure. ... The Golpe Borghese was an attempted takeover of political power in postwar Italy which almost came to fruition on the night of 7 December 1970 to 8 December 1970. ... Licio Gelli (born in Pistoia, Tuscany, April 21, 1919), was the masonic Worshipful Master of the powerful Italian lodge Propaganda Due (P2), involved in Gladios strategy of tension. He has been involved in almost all of the Italian scandals in the past three decades (Tangentopoli, which led to the... P2 is the common name for the Italian pseudo-Freemasonic lodge Propaganda Due (Italian: Propaganda Two). ... Fronte Nazionale was a Neofascist political party founded by Junio Valerio Borghese as a splinter group form the Italian Social Movement, which he felt was moving too far away from the ideals of Fascism. ... Servizio per le Informazioni e la Sicurezza Militare (Military Intelligence and Security Service, SISMI) is the military intelligence agency of Italy. ... False flag operations are covert operations conducted by governments, corporations, or other organizations, which are designed to appear as if they are being carried out by other entities. ... Operation Gladio Operation Gladio was a clandestine stay-behind operation sponsored by the CIA and NATO to counter communist influence in Italy, as well as in other European countries. ... The Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI) or Italian Communist Party emerged as Partito Comunista dItalia or Communist Party of Italy from a secession by the Leninist comunisti puri tendency from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) during that bodys congress on 21 January 1921 at Livorno. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Red Brigades (Brigate Rosse) are a militant leftist group located in Italy. ...

Gianfranco Fini’s leadership (1987–1989; 1990–1995) and MSI’s dissolution

Gianfranco Fini took over the party leadership from Giorgio Almirante in 1987 and set about modernising the party (except for a brief spell between 1989 and 1990 when Pino Rauti, who had returned to the MSI in 1969, was leader). In January 1995 Fini officially proclaimed the party's dissolution as well as the abandonment of the ideological stances, symbols, gestures and salutes that had closely identified it with the Mussolinian past. Gianfranco Fini Gianfranco Fini (born January 3, 1952 in Bologna) is an Italian politician, currently Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in the Government led by Silvio Berlusconi. ... Giorgio Almirante (1914-1988) was the founder and leader of the Italian Social Movement until his retirement in 1987. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

He announced the foundation of the Alleanza Nazionale (“National Alliance” - AN), a neoliberal right-wing movement which claimed to be committed to the democratic process, centrist in orientation and opposed in its constitution to antisemitism, xenophobia and racism. The National Alliance (Alleanza Nazionale) is a right-wing Italian party, formed from most of the former Italian Social Movement (Movimento Sociale Italiano, MSI) and conservative elements of the former Christian Democrats, the National Alliance (Alleanza Nazionale, AN) was created in 1994. ... The term neoliberalism is used to describe a political-economic philosophy that had major implications for government policies beginning in the 1970s – and increasingly prominent since 1980 – that de-emphasizes or rejects positive government intervention in the economy, focusing instead on achieving progress and even social justice by... In politics, right-wing, the political right, or simply the right, are terms which refer, with no particular precision, to the segment of the political spectrum in opposition to left-wing politics. ...

The Fiamma Tricolore was born from the more hardline right-wing members of the party. On one hand, National Alliance (AN) members of the European Parliament (MEPs) have joined the Parliament’s Union for Europe of the Nations Group (UEM). On the other hand, MEPs from the Fiamma Tricolore have remained unattached to any European parliamentary group. Other well-known party members have included Alessandra Mussolini, granddaughter of Benito Mussolini. In 1997, Adriano Tilgher founded the Fronte Sociale Nazionale as a breakaway faction from the Fiamma Tricolore. The Movimento Sociale Fiamma Tricolore is a hardline Italian right-wing party. ... A Member of the European Parliament (English abbreviation MEP)[1] is a member of the European Unions directly-elected legislative body, the European Parliament. ... UEN logo The Union for Europe of the Nations is a nationalist and (mostly) euro-sceptic party grouping with seats in the European Parliament. ... Alessandra Mussolini (born December 30, 1962) is an Italian fascist politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Adriano Tilgher is an Italian far right politician. ... Fronte Sociale Nazionale is an Italian far right political party. ...

In November 2004, after Gianfranco Fini visited Israel in the function of Italian deputy prime minister and described fascism as “an absolute evil”, Alessandra Mussolini, left the party together with some hardliners and founded the Alternativa Sociale coalition, which included Adriano Tilgher's Fronte Sociale Nazionale. However, Gianfranco Fini later specified that the expression “absolute evil” only referred to the racial laws. 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alternativa Sociale (English language: Social Alternative) is an Italian political coalition of neo-fascist parties. ...

Gaetano Saya, leader of the outlawed Department of Anti-terrorism Strategic Studies (DSSA), founded the Nuovo Movimento Sociale Italiano - Destra Nazionale in 2000. Gaetano Saya and Ricardo Sindocca, the other DSSA leader, both claimed to be former members of Gladio, NATO's secret “stay-behind” paramilitary organizations involved in false flags terrorists attacks during the anni di piombo. The Department of Anti-terrorism Strategic Studies (Italian: Dipartimento Studi Strategici Antiterrorismo, DSSA) is an Italian organization set up in 2004. ... Operation Gladio Operation Gladio was a clandestine stay-behind operation sponsored by the CIA and NATO to counter communist influence in Italy, as well as in other European countries. ... False flag operations are covert operations conducted by governments, corporations, or other organizations, which are designed to appear as if they are being carried out by other entities. ...

References

1. ^ Daniele Ganser, “Terrorism in Western Europe: An Approach to NATO’s Secret Stay-Behind Armies” in Winter/Spring 2005 Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations

Literature

• Roberto Chiarini: “The ‘Movimento Sociale Italiano': A Historical Profile” in Neo-Fascism in Europe.
• Betz, Radical Right Wing Populism in Western Europe, op.cit., p 41.

See also

• Department of Anti-terrorism Strategic Studies (DSSA), under investigations since July 2005 for having constituted a “parallel police” network.

The Department of Anti-terrorism Strategic Studies (Italian: Dipartimento Studi Strategici Antiterrorismo, DSSA) is an Italian organization set up in 2004. ...

External links

• Extreme Right in Europe: A Comparative Study of Recent Trends (pdf)

• collection of MSI posters

Political parties of Italy

	The Union	House of Freedoms
Represented in Parliament	Federation of the Olive Tree (Democrats of the Left, Daisy-Democracy and Freedom, European Republican Movement) | Communist Refoundation Party | Rose in the Fist (Italian Democratic Socialists, Italian Radicals) | Party of Italian Communists | Italy of Values | Federation of the Greens | Popular-UDEUR | South Tyrolese People's Party | Autonomy Liberty Democracy	Forza Italia | National Alliance | Union of Christian and Centre Democrats | LN/MpA (Northern League, Movement for Autonomy) | New DC/NPSI (Christian Democracy for the Autonomies, Socialist Party New PSI) | For Italy in the World with Tremaglia
Minor	Pensioners' Party | The Socialists | Italian Democratic Socialist Party | Left-Wing Radicals | Federation of Italian Liberals | Federation of Liberal Democrats | United Democratic Christians | Consumers' List | New Party of Action | United Consumers | Party of Christian Democracy | Republicans for the Union (Democratic Republicans, Republican Democracy) | League for Autonomy-Lombard Alliance | Project Sardinia | Veneto Front League	Social Alternative (Social Action, New Force, National Social Front) | Social Movement Tricolour Flame | Italian Liberal Party | Liberal Reformers | No Euro Movement | Italian Republican Party | Secular Italy | United Pensioners | Christian Extended Pact | CD - Shield with the Cross - Libertas | Environmental List-Ecological Democrats | Federalist Greens | S.O.S. Italy | New Sicily | Pact for Sicily | Unitalia
Regional	Aosta Valley Live | Die Freiheitlichen | Valdotanian Union | Ladins | Sardinian Action Party | Independence-Republic of Sardinia | Sardinia Nation | Union for South Tyrol | Sicilian Alliance
Others	Fascism and Freedom Movement | For the South | Green Greens | Humanist Party | Internationalist Communist Party | Italian Association in South America | Italian Marxist-Leninist Party | Liberal Socialist Action Party | Marxist-Leninist Italian Communist Party | Moderate Italy | Monarchist Alliance | National Democratic Party | National New Order | National Right-New ISM | North-East Project | Pact of Liberal Democrats | Social Idea Movement | Southern League
Historical	Christian Democracy | Italian Communist Party | Italian Socialist Party | Italian Social Movement | Democratic Party of the Left | Proletarian Democracy | Proletarian Unity Party | Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity] | Unified Socialist Party | Italian Democratic Socialist Party | Democratic Alliance | National Fascist Party