The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education located in the Northeastern United States. The term is now most commonly used to refer to those eight schools considered as a group.^[1] The term has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a reputation for social elitism. This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA, often said NC-Double-A) is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions, conferences, organizations and individuals that organizes the athletics programs of many colleges and universities in the United States. ... Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. ... Regional definitions vary The Northeastern United States is a region of the United States. ... Official language(s) English Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[3] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[2] Area  Ranked 48th  - Total 5,543[4] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km)  - % water 12. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Capital Concord Largest city Manchester Area  Ranked 46th  - Total 9,350 sq mi (24,217 km²)  - Width 68 miles (110 km)  - Length 190 miles (305 km)  - % water 4. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the state. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Largest metro area Delaware Valley Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Nassau Street, Princetons main street. ... Ivy League can refer to: Ivy League, an NCAA Division 1 athletic conference Ivy League Records, a record label Ivy League (clothes), a clothing style Category: ... An athletic conference is a collection of sports teams, playing competitively against each other at the collegiate or high school level. ... A private university is a university that is run without the control of any government entity. ... For the community in Florida, see University, Florida. ... Regional definitions vary The Northeastern United States is a region of the United States. ...

The term became ubiquitous, especially in sports terminology, after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference founded in 1954, when much of the nation polarized around favorite college teams. The use of the phrase to refer to these schools as a group is widespread; Princeton notes that "the phrase is no longer limited to athletics, and now represents an educational philosophy inherent to the nation's oldest schools."^[2] The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA, often pronounced N-C-Double-A or N-C-Two-A ) is a voluntary association of about 1,200 institutions, conferences, organizations and individuals that organizes the athletic programs of many colleges and universities in the United States. ... Division I (or DI) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. ...

All of the Ivy institutions place near the top in the U.S. News & World Report college and university rankings and rank within the top one percent of the world's academic institutions in terms of financial endowment. Seven of the eight schools were founded during America's colonial period; the exception is Cornell, which was founded in 1865. Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine Colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The Ivies also are all located in the Northeast region of the United States and are privately owned and controlled. Although many of them receive funding from the federal or state governments to pursue research, only Cornell has state-supported academic units, termed "statutory" or "contract" colleges, that are an integral part of the institution. U.S. News & World Report is a weekly newsmagazine. ... In higher education, college and university rankings are listings of universities and liberal arts colleges in an order determined by any combination of factors. ... In 1775, the British claimed authority over the red and pink areas on this map and Spain ruled the orange. ... Cornell redirects here. ... The colonial colleges are nine institutions of higher education chartered in the American Colonies before the American Revolution (1775–1783). ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen... In American higher education, particular to the state of New York, a statutory college or contract college is a college or school that is a component of an independent, private university that has been designated by the state legislature to receive significant public funding from the state. ...

Undergraduate enrollments among the Ivy League schools range from about 4,000 to 14,000,^[3] making them larger than those of a typical private liberal arts college and smaller than a typical public state university. Ivy League university financial endowments range from Brown's $2.3 billion, the 24th-largest endowment of any U.S. college or university, to Harvard's $34.9 billion, the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the world. A liberal arts college is an institution of higher education found in the United States, offering programs in the liberal arts at the post-secondary level. ... quagmire:For alternate meanings see state university (disambiguation). ... A financial endowment is a transfer of money or property donated to an institution, with the stipulation that it be invested, and the principal remain intact. ... The following are lists of American institutions of higher education by endowment. ...

Locations of Ivy League schools

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 552 pixelsFull resolution (841 × 580 pixel, file size: 27 KB, MIME type: image/png) (All user names refer to en. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 552 pixelsFull resolution (841 × 580 pixel, file size: 27 KB, MIME type: image/png) (All user names refer to en. ...

Members

	Institution	Location	Athletic Nickname	Full-time enrollment	Motto
	Brown University	Providence, Rhode Island	Bears	7,769[4]	In deo speramus ("In God we hope")
	Columbia University	New York, New York	Lions	19,694[5]	In lumine Tuo videbimus lumen ("In Thy light shall we see the light")
	Cornell University	Ithaca, New York	Big Red	20,400[6]	"I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study"
	Dartmouth College	Hanover, New Hampshire	Big Green	5,753[7]	Vox clamantis in deserto ("A voice crying in the wilderness")[8]
	Harvard University	Cambridge, Massachusetts	Crimson	20,042[9]	Veritas ("Truth")
	Princeton University	Princeton, New Jersey	Tigers	6,677[10]	Dei sub numine viget ("Under God's power she flourishes")
	University of Pennsylvania	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Quakers	19,771[11]	Leges sine moribus vanae ("Laws without morals are useless")[12]
	Yale University	New Haven, Connecticut	Bulldogs	11,483[13]	אורים ותומים Lux et veritas ("Light and truth")

Download high resolution version (487x822, 11 KB) Brown University coat of arms This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... Brown University is a private university located in Providence, Rhode Island. ... “Providence” redirects here. ... Columbia University coat of arms This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... // The Ivy League Columbia University, whose athletic teams go by the name lions, are part of the Ivy League, which includes Columbia, University of Pennsylvania, Cornell, Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Brown and Dartmouth. ... Download high resolution version (1600x1595, 140 KB)taken from http://www. ... Cornell redirects here. ... The City of Ithaca (named for the Greek island of Ithaca) sits on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, in Central New York State. ... The Cornell Big Red is the name of the sports teams, and other competitive teams, at Cornell University. ... Download high resolution version (687x736, 37 KB) Dartmouth College Shield This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... Dartmouth College is a private, coeducational university located in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. Incorporated as Trustees of Dartmouth College,[6][7] it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine colonial colleges founded before the American Revolution. ... Hanover is a town located on the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Download high resolution version (1000x1182, 23 KB)Shield of Harvard University Rasterized from Harvard Print Services business card order form (PDF file) by Jacobolus This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government  - Type Mayor-City Council  - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area  - City  7. ... Princeton University shield This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Nassau Street, Princetons main street. ... Image File history File links Penn_color_shield. ... This article is about the private Ivy League university in Philadelphia. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... Download high resolution version (600x604, 13 KB)Yale University coat of arms. ... Yale redirects here. ... “New Haven” redirects here. ... In ancient Israelite religion and culture, Urim and Thummim (Hebrew: האורים והתמים, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: الاوريم والتميم al-ŪrÄ«m waʾaṯ-á¹®ummÄ«m) is a phrase from the Hebrew Bible associated with the sacred breastplate, divination in general, and cleromancy in particular. ...

History

Founding of the institutions

Note Founding dates and religious affiliations are those stated by the institution itself. Many of them had complex histories in their early years and the stories of their origins are subject to interpretation. See footnotes for details where appropriate. "Religious affiliation" refers to financial sponsorship, formal association with, and promotion by, a religious denomination. All of the schools in the Ivy League are private and not currently associated with any religion.

Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs. ... Historic Unitarianism believed in the oneness of God as opposed to traditional Christian belief in the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit). ... Yale redirects here. ... Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs. ... This article is about the private Ivy League university in Philadelphia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Church of England logo since 1998 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Presbyterianism is a tradition shared by a large number of Christian denominations which is most prevalent within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity. ... Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... The Church of England logo since 1998 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... Brown University is a private university located in Providence, Rhode Island. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Baptist is... Dartmouth College is a private, coeducational university located in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. Incorporated as Trustees of Dartmouth College,[6][7] it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine colonial colleges founded before the American Revolution. ... Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs. ... Cornell redirects here. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Origin of the name

The first usage of "Ivy" in reference to a group of colleges is from sportswriter Stanley Woodward (1895-1965).

According to book Dictionary of Word and Phrase Origins (1988), author William Morris writes that Stanley Woodward actually took the term from fellow New York Tribune sportswriter Caswell Adams. Morris writes that during the 1930s, the Fordham University football team was running roughshod over all its opponents. One day in the sports room at the Tribune, the merits of Fordham's football team were being compared to Princeton and Columbia. Adams remarked disparagingly of the latter two, saying they were "only Ivy League." Woodward, the sports editor of the Tribune, picked up the term and printed the next day. The New York Tribune building - today the site of Pace Universitys building complex of One Pace Plaza in New York City The New York Tribune was established by Horace Greeley in 1841 and was long considered one of the leading newspapers in the United States. ... Fordham University is a private, coeducational research university[2] in the United States, with three residential campuses located in and around New York City. ... A college football game between Colorado State and Air Force. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ...

Note though that in the above quote Woodward used the term ivy college, not ivy league as Adams is said to have used, so there is a discrepancy in this theory, although it seems certain the term ivy college and shortly later Ivy League acquired its name from sports world.

The first known instance of the term Ivy League being used appeared in the Christian Science Monitor on February 7, 1935 ^[22][23][24] Several sports-writers and other journalists used the term shortly later to refer to the older colleges, those along the northeastern seaboard of the United States, chiefly the nine institutions with origins dating from the colonial era, together with the United States Military Academy (West Point), the United States Naval Academy, and a few others. These schools were known for their long-standing traditions in intercollegiate athletics, often being the first schools to participate in such activities. However, at this time, none of these institutions would make efforts to form an athletic league. The Christian Science Monitor (CSM) is an international newspaper published daily, Monday through Friday. ... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... The colonial colleges are nine institutions of higher education chartered in the American Colonies before the American Revolution (1775–1783). ... USMA redirects here. ... The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and is in Annapolis, Maryland . ...

Ivy covering West College, Princeton University

The Ivy League's name derives from the ivy plants, symbolic of their age, that cover many of these institutions' historic buildings^{[citation needed]}. The Ivy League universities are also called the "Ancient Eight" or simply the Ivies. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3264 × 2448 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3264 × 2448 pixel, file size: 2. ... Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), sometimes called Japanese ivy, is a deciduous woody vine that belongs to the grape family Vitaceae. ...

A common folk etymology attributes the name to the Roman numerals for four (IV), asserting that there was such a sports league originally with four members. The Morris Dictionary of Word and Phrase Origins helped to perpetuate this belief. The supposed "IV League" was formed over a century ago and consisted of Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and a 4th school that varies depending on who is telling the story.^[25][26][27] Folk etymology is a term used in two distinct ways: A commonly held misunderstanding of the origin of a particular word, a false etymology. ...

However, representatives from four schools, Rutgers, Princeton, Yale and Columbia met at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in Manhattan on 19 October 1873 to establish a set of rules governing their intercollegiate athletic competition, and particularly to codify the new game of college football (which at the time, largely resembled what is currently called soccer). Though invited, Harvard chose not to attend. While no formal organization or conference was established, the results of this meeting governed athletic events between these schools well into the twentieth century.^[28][29] “Rutgers” redirects here. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Yale redirects here. ... For other uses, see Manhattan (disambiguation). ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Soccer redirects here. ... Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ...

Before there was an Ivy League

Seven of the Ivy League schools are older than the American Revolution; Cornell was founded just after the American Civil War. These seven provided the overwhelming majority of the higher education in the Northern and Middle Colonies; their early faculties and founding boards were largely, therefore, drawn from other Ivy League institutions; there were also some British graduates - more from the University of Cambridge than Oxford, but also from the University of Edinburgh and elsewhere. The founders of Rutgers, in 1766, were largely Ivy; and so for many of the colleges formed after the Revolution. Cornell provided Stanford University with its first president and most of Stanford's initial faculty members were Cornell professors. The founders of UC Berkeley came from Yale, hence their school colors of Yale Blue, and California Gold. ^[30] John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the worlds most prestigious universities. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... The University of Edinburgh (Scottish Gaelic: ), founded in 1582,[4] is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland. ... Rutgers University Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is located in New Brunswick, Piscataway, Camden and Newark, New Jersey. ... Stanford redirects here. ... David Starr Jordan David Starr Jordan, Ph. ... Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ... Yale Blue – the dark blue color used in association with Yale University – varies with use and history. ...

Most of these seven schools were more or less Congregationalist or Presbyterian in religious denomination; Church of England King's College broke up in the Revolution, and was reformed as public non-sectarian Columbia College. In the early nineteenth century, the specific purpose of training Calvinist ministers was handed off to theological seminaries; but a denominational tone, and such relics as compulsory chapel, often lasted well into the twentieth century. Cornell has always been strongly non-sectarian, partly as a reaction to this. Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation indepedently and autonomously runs its own affairs. ... Presbyterianism is part of the Reformed churches family of denominations of Christian Protestantism based on the teachings of John Calvin which traces its institutional roots to the Scottish Reformation, especially as led by John Knox. ... For other senses of this word, see denomination. ... The Church of England logo since 1998 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... Columbia College is the main undergraduate college at Columbia University, situated on the universitys main campus of Morningside Heights in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York. ...

"Ivy League" therefore also became, like WASP, a way of referring to this elite, and elitist, class. This sense^[31] dates back to at least 1935.^[32] Novels^[33] and memoirs^[34] attest this sense, as a social elite; to some degree independent of the actual schools. White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, commonly abbreviated to the acronym WASP, is a term which originated in the United States. ... For other uses, see Elite (disambiguation). ... Elitism is a belief or attitude that an elite — a selected group of persons whose personal abilities, specialized training or other attributes place them at the top of any field (see below) — are the people whose views on a matter are to be taken most seriously, or who are alone... Look up class in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

After the Second World War, the present Ivy League institutions slowly widened their selection of students. They had always had distinguished faculties; some of the first Americans with doctorates had taught for them; but they now decided that they could not both be world-class research institutions and be competitive in the highest ranks of American college sport; in addition, the schools experienced the scandals of any other big-time football programs, although more quietly.^[35]

History of the athletic league

The Ivies have been competing in sports as long as intercollegiate sports have existed in the United States. Boat clubs from Harvard and Yale met in the first sporting event held between students of two U.S. colleges on Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire, in 1852. As an informal football league, the Ivy League dates from 1900 when Yale took the conference championship with a 5-0 record. For many years Army (the United States Military Academy) and Navy (the United States Naval Academy) were considered members, but dropped out shortly before formal organization. For instance, Army traditionally had a rivalry with Yale, and Rutgers had rivalries with Princeton and Columbia, which continue today in sports other than football. Lake Winnipesaukee at Sunset Lake Winnipesaukee is the largest lake in New Hampshire. ... Official language(s) English Capital Concord Largest city Manchester Area  Ranked 46th  - Total 9,350 sq mi (24,217 km²)  - Width 68 miles (110 km)  - Length 190 miles (305 km)  - % water 4. ... United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ... Yale redirects here. ... USMA redirects here. ... The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and is in Annapolis, Maryland . ... United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ...

Before the formal establishment of the Ivy League, there was an "unwritten and unspoken agreement among certain Eastern colleges on athletic relations". In 1935, The Associated Press reported on an example of collaboration between the schools: Associated Press logo This article concerns the news service. ...

the athletic authorities of the so-called "Ivy League" are considering drastic measures to curb the increasing tendency toward riotous attacks on goal posts and other encroachments by spectators on playing fields.^[36]

Despite such collaboration, the universities did not seem to consider the formation of the league as imminent. Romeyn Berry, Cornell's director of intercollegiate relations, reported the situation in January 1936 as follows:

I can say with certainty that in the last five years — and markedly in the last three months — there has been a strong drift among the eight or ten universities of the East which see a good deal of one another in sport toward a closer bond of confidence and cooperation and toward the formation of a common front against the threat of a breakdown in the ideals of amateur sport in the interests of supposed expediency.

Please do not regard that statement as implying the organization of an Eastern conference or even a poetic "Ivy League." That sort of thing does not seem to be in the cards at the moment.^[37]

Within a year of this statement and having held one-month-long discussions about the proposal, on December 3, 1936, the idea of "the formation of an Ivy League" gained enough traction among the undergraduate bodies of the universities that the Columbia Daily Spectator, The Cornell Daily Sun, The Dartmouth, The Harvard Crimson, The Daily Pennsylvanian, The Daily Princetonian and the Yale Daily News would simultaneously run an editorial entitled "Now Is the Time", encouraging the seven universities to form the league in an effort to preserve the ideals of athletics.^[38] Part of the editorial read as follows: is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Columbia Daily Spectator is the daily newspaper, written by Columbia University undergraduates, servicing the university community and the neighborhood of Morningside Heights. ... The Cornell Daily Sun is an independent daily newspaper published in Ithaca, New York by students at Cornell University. ... The Dartmouth (informally known as The D) is Americas oldest college newspaper, published independently at Dartmouth College (although its offices are located on campus). ... The Harvard Crimson, the breakfast daily of Harvard University, was founded in 1873. ... The Daily Pennsylvanian is the independent daily student newspaper of the University of Pennsylvania. ... The Daily Princetonian is the daily student newspaper of Princeton University. ... A front page of the Yale Daily News. ...

The Ivy League exists already in the minds of a good many of those connected with football, and we fail to see why the seven schools concerned should be satisfied to let it exist as a purely nebulous entity where there are so many practical benefits which would be possible under definite organized association. The seven colleges involved fall naturally together by reason of their common interests and similar general standards and by dint of their established national reputation they are in a particularly advantageous position to assume leadership for the preservation of the ideals of intercollegiate athletics.^[39]

The proposal did not succeed — on January 11, 1937, the athletic authorities at the schools rejected the "possibility of a heptagonal league in football such as these institutions maintain in basketball, baseball and track." However, they noted that the league "has such promising possibilities that it may not be dismissed and must be the subject of further consideration."^[40] is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1945 the presidents of the eight schools signed the first Ivy Group Agreement, which set academic, financial, and athletic standards for the football teams. The principles established reiterated those put forward in the Harvard-Yale-Princeton Presidents' Agreement of 1916. The Ivy Group Agreement established the core tenet that an applicant's ability to play on a team would not influence admissions decisions: United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ...

The members of the Group reaffirm their prohibition of athletic scholarships. Athletes shall be admitted as students and awarded financial aid only on the basis of the same academic standards and economic need as are applied to all other students.^[41] An athletic scholarship is a form of scholarship to attend a college or university awarded to an individual based predominantly on their ability to play in a sport. ...

In 1954, the date generally accepted as the birth of the Ivy League, the presidents extended the Ivy Group Agreement to all intercollegiate sports. Competition began with the 1956 season. The College of William and Mary, founded in 1693, and Rutgers University, founded as Queen's College in 1766, both public universities, are the only institutions among the nine colonial colleges not included. Cornell University, founded in 1865, is the only Ivy member that was founded after the American Revolutionary War. The College of William and Mary (also known as William & Mary, W&M or The College) is a small, selective, coeducational public university located in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. ... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... “Rutgers” redirects here. ... 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The colonial colleges are nine institutions of higher education chartered in the American Colonies before the American Revolution (1775–1783). ... Cornell redirects here. ... This article is about military actions only. ...

As late as the 1960s many of the Ivy League universities' undergraduate programs remained open only to men, with Cornell the only one to have been coeducational from its founding (1865) and Columbia being the last (1983) to become coeducational. Before they became coeducational, many of the Ivy schools maintained extensive social ties with nearby Seven Sisters women's colleges, including weekend visits, dances and parties inviting Ivy and Seven Sisters students to mingle. This was the case not only at Barnard College and Radcliffe College, which are adjacent to Columbia and Harvard, but at more distant institutions as well. The movie Animal House includes a satiric version of the formerly common visits by Dartmouth men to Massachusetts to meet Smith and Mount Holyoke women, a drive of more than two hours. As noted by Irene Harwarth, Mindi Maline, and Elizabeth DeBra, "the 'Seven Sisters' was the name given to Barnard, Smith, Mount Holyoke, Vassar, Bryn Mawr, Wellesley, and Radcliffe, because of their parallel to the Ivy League men’s colleges."^[42] Coeducation is the integrated education of males and females at the same school facilities. ... The Seven Sisters is the name given in 1927 to seven liberal arts womens colleges in the Northern United States. ... In higher education, particularly in the United States, a womens college is a college (that is, a primarily undergraduate, bachelors degree-granting institution) whose students are exclusively women. ... Barnard College, founded in 1889, is one of the four undergraduate divisions of Columbia University. ... Radcliffe College was a liberal arts womens college in Cambridge, Massachusetts, closely associated with Harvard University. ... National Lampoons Animal House is a 1978 comedy film in which a misfit group of fraternity boys take on the system at their college. ... Smith College is a private, independent womens liberal arts college located in Northampton, Massachusetts. ... Mount Holyoke College is a liberal arts womens college in South Hadley, Massachusetts. ... The Seven Sisters is the name given in 1927 to seven liberal arts womens colleges in the Northern United States. ...

Cohesiveness of the group

The Ivy League schools are highly selective, with acceptance rates ranging from about nine to 20 percent.^[43]

These universities engage in a heated competition to attract students, illustrated by a 2002 incident in which admissions officers at Princeton logged into the Yale admissions website fourteen times to view the admissions status of cross-applicants, using the names, birth dates, and social security numbers indicated on their Princeton applications; Princeton later asserted that it had been considering a similar system of early Internet notification, and was surprised to find that Yale had used no password besides the Social Security number. Yale's administration notified the FBI about the actions after conducting its own investigation. Princeton moved one admissions official to a different department over the incident and the university's Dean of Admissions retired soon thereafter, though Princeton president Shirley Tilghman said that the dean's decision to retire was unconnected to the incident.^[44] Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Shirley Tilghman (born September 17, 1946) (photo) succeeded Harold Shapiro as President of Princeton University in 2001. ...

Collaboration between the member schools is illustrated by the student-led Ivy Council that meets in the fall and spring of each year, with representatives from every Ivy League school. At these multi-day conferences, student representatives from each school meet to discuss issues facing their respective institutions, with a variety of topics ranging from financial aid to gender-neutral housing.^{[citation needed]} The Ivy Council is a student-led, student-directed, non-profit organization comprised of representatives of the Ivy League student governments. ...

Social elitism

The phrase Ivy League historically has been perceived as connected, not only with academic excellence, but also with social elitism. In 1936, sportwriter John Kieran noted that student editors at Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Cornell, Columbia, Dartmouth, and Penn were advocating the formation of an athletic association. In urging them to consider "Army and Navy and Georgetown and Fordham and Syracuse and Brown and Pitt" as candidates for membership, he exhorted: Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... Yale redirects here. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Cornell redirects here. ... Dartmouth College is a private, coeducational university located in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. Incorporated as Trustees of Dartmouth College,[6][7] it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine colonial colleges founded before the American Revolution. ... This article is about the private Ivy League university in Philadelphia. ...

It would be well for the proponents of the Ivy League to make it clear (to themselves especially) that the proposed group would be inclusive but not "exclusive" as this term is used with a slight up-tilting of the tip of the nose.^[45]

The Ivy League was specifically associated with the WASP establishment.^[46] Phrases such as "Ivy League snobbery"^[47] are ubiquitous in nonfiction and fiction writing of the twentieth century. A Louis Auchincloss character dreads "the aridity of snobbery which he knew infected the Ivy League colleges".^[48] A business writer, warning in 2001 against discriminatory hiring, presented a cautionary example of an attitude to avoid (the bracketed phrase is his): White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, commonly abbreviated to the acronym WASP, is a term which originated in the United States. ... Louis Auchincloss (born September 27, 1917) is a prolific U.S. novelist, historian and essayist. ...

"We Ivy Leaguers [read: mostly white and Anglo] know that an Ivy League degree is a mark of the kind of person who is likely to succeed in this organization."^[49]

Aspects of Ivy stereotyping were illustrated during the 1988 presidential election, when George H. W. Bush (Yale '48) derided Michael Dukakis (graduate of Harvard Law School) for having "foreign-policy views born in Harvard Yard's boutique."^[50] New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd asked "Wasn't this a case of the pot calling the kettle elite?" Bush explained however that, unlike Harvard, Yale's reputation was "so diffuse, there isn't a symbol, I don't think, in the Yale situation, any symbolism in it.... Harvard boutique to me has the connotation of liberalism and elitism" and said Harvard in his remark was intended to represent "a philosophical enclave" and not a statement about class.^[51]. Columnist Russell Baker opined that "Voters inclined to loathe and fear elite Ivy League schools rarely make fine distinctions between Yale and Harvard. All they know is that both are full of rich, fancy, stuck-up and possibly dangerous intellectuals who never sit down to supper in their undershirt no matter how hot the weather gets."^[52] George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. ... Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is an American Democratic politician, former Governor of Massachusetts, and the Democratic presidential nominee in 1988. ... Maureen Dowd (born January 14, 1952) is a Washington D.C.-based columnist for The New York Times. ... Russell Wayne Baker (born August 14, 1925) is an American Pulitzer Prize-winning writer known for his satirical commentary and self-critical prose. ...

Cooperation

Seven of the eight schools (Harvard excluded) participate in the Borrow Direct interlibrary loan program, making a total of 88 million items available to participants with a waiting period of four working days.^[53] This ILL program is not affiliated with the formal Ivy arrangement. Interlibrary loan (abbreviated ILL and in some countries called interloan, document delivery, or document supply etc) is a service whereby a user of one library can borrow books, videos, DVDs, sound recordings, microfilms, or receive photocopies of articles in magazines that are owned by another library. ... Interlibrary loan (abbreviated ILL and in some countries called interloan, document delivery, or document supply etc) is a service whereby a user of one library can borrow books, videos, DVDs, sound recordings, microfilms, or receive photocopies of articles in magazines that are owned by another library. ...

The governing body of the Ivy League is the Council of Ivy Group Presidents. During their meetings, the presidents often discuss common procedures and initiatives. The Council of Ivy Group Presidents is the governing body of the Ivy League athletic conference. ...

Competition and athletics

Ivy champions are recognized in 33 men's and women's sports. In some sports, Ivy teams actually compete as members of another league, the Ivy championship being decided by isolating the members' records in play against each other. (For example, the six league members who participate in ice hockey do so as members of ECAC Hockey; but an Ivy champion is extrapolated each year.) Unlike all other Division I basketball conferences, the Ivy League has no tournament for the league title; the school with the best conference record represents the conference in the Division I NCAA Basketball Tournament (with a playoff in the case of a tie). Ice hockey, known simply as hockey in areas where it is more common than field hockey, is a team sport played on ice. ... ECAC Hockey is one of the six conferences that compete in NCAA Division I ice hockey. ... This article is about the sport. ...

On average, each Ivy school has more than 35 varsity teams. All eight are in the top 20 for number of sports offered for both men and women among Division I schools.

Harvard and Yale are celebrated football and crew rivals. Half-time festivities at The Game, Yale Bowl The Game (always capitalized) is a title given to several U.S. college football rivalry games, but most particularly the annual contest between Harvard and Yale. ... Yales Blade The Harvard-Yale Boat Race or Harvard-Yale Regatta is an annual rowing race between Yale and Harvard universities. ...

Princeton and Penn are longstanding men's basketball rivals^[54] and "Puck Fenn" and "Puck Frinceton" t-shirts are worn at games.^[55] In only six instances in the last 51 years (from the 1955-56 season through the 2006-07 season) has neither Penn nor Princeton won at least a share of the Ivy League title in basketball,^[56] with each champion or co-champion 25 times. Penn has won 21 outright, Princeton 18 outright. Princeton has been a co-champion 7 times, sharing 4 of those titles with Penn (these 4 seasons represent the only times Penn has been co-champion). NCAA Tournament Final Four 1979 Conference Regular Season Champions 1953, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007 // Name of School: University of Pennsylvania (Penn) Location (Zip): Philadelphia, Pa. ...

Rivalries exist between other Ivy league teams in other sports, including Cornell and Harvard in hockey (either team has won or shared the men's title each of the last five years^[57]), and Harvard and Penn in football (Penn and Harvard have each had two unbeaten seasons since 2001.^[58]). Cornell-Harvard game in Bright, 2005 The Cornell-Harvard Hockey Game or The Game is a mens hockey sports rivalry between Cornell University and Harvard University dating back to 1910. ...

In addition, no team other than Harvard or Princeton has won the men's swimming conference title since 1972, with Harvard winning the 34 year series 19-15 as of 2006.

Unlike most Division I athletic conferences, the Ivy League prohibits the granting of athletic scholarships; all scholarships awarded are need-based (financial aid).^[59] Ivy League teams out of league games are usually against the members of the Patriot League which have similar academic standards and athletic scholarship policies. Its members include American, Army, Bucknell, Colgate, Fordham, Holy Cross, Lafayette College, Lehigh University and Navy. Financial aid refers to funding intended to help students pay tuition or other costs, such as room and board, for education at a college, university, or private school. ... The Patriot League is a college athletic conference which operates in the northeastern United States. ... USMA redirects here. ... Bucknell University is a private university located along the Susquehanna River in the rolling countryside of Central Pennsylvania in the town of Lewisburg, 60 miles (97 km) north of Harrisburg. ... Colgate in fall. ... Fordham University is a private, coeducational research university[2] in the United States, with three residential campuses located in and around New York City. ... Not to be confused with Holy Cross College (Indiana) or other similarly named Holy Cross Colleges. ... Lafayette College is a private coeducational liberal arts college located in Easton, Pennsylvania, USA. The school, founded in 1826 by citizens of Easton, first began holding classes in 1832. ... Lehigh University is a private, co-educational university located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in the Lehigh Valley region of the United States. ... The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and is in Annapolis, Maryland . ...

In the time before recruiting for college sports became dominated by those offering athletic scholarships and lowered academic standards for athletes, the Ivy League was successful in many sports relative to other universities in the country. In particular, Princeton won 24 recognized national championships in college football (Last Div I-A championship in 1911), and Yale won 19 (Last Div I-A championship in 1927). Both of these totals are considerably higher than those of other historically strong programs such as Notre Dame, which has won 12, and USC, which has won 11. Yale, whose coach Walter Camp was the "Father of American Football," held on to its place as the all-time wins leader in college football throughout the entire 20th century, but was finally passed by Michigan on November 10, 2001. Currently Dartmouth holds the record for most Ivy League football titles, with 17. A college football game between Colorado State and Air Force. ... The University of Notre Dame IPA: is a Catholic[4] institution located in Notre Dame, an unincorporated section of St. ... The Trojan Shrine, better known as Tommy Trojan located in the center of University of Southern California campus. ... Walter Chauncey Camp (April 7, 1859 – March 14, 1925) was a sports writer and football coach known as the Father of American Football. Along with John Heisman, Amos Alonzo Stagg, Glenn Scobey Warner, and George Halas, Camp was one of the most significant people in the history of American football. ... The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (U of M, UM or simply Michigan) is a coeducational public research university in the state of Michigan, and one of the foremost universities in the United States. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

Although no longer as successful nationally as they once were in many of the more popular college sports, the Ivy League is still competitive in others. One such example is rowing. All of the Ivies have historically been among the top crews in the nation, and most continue to be so today. (Other historical top crews include Cal, Washington, Wisconsin and Navy). Most recently, on the men's side, Harvard won the Intercollegiate Rowing Association Championships in 2003, 2004, 2005, and on the women's side, Harvard and Brown won the 2003 and 2004 NCAA Rowing Championships, respectively. Additionally, Cornell's men's lightweight team won back to back IRA National Championships in 2006 and 2007. The Ivy League schools are also very competitive in both men's and women's hockey. Rowing is the oldest intercollegiate sport in the United States. ... Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ... The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. ... University of Wisconsin redirects here. ... Teamwork: Fourth Class Midshipmen lock arms and use ropes made from uniform items as they brace themselves climbing the Herndon Monument The United States Naval Academy, or USNA, is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy. ... The Intercollegiate Rowing Association runs the IRA Championship Regatta, which is considered to be the United States collegiate national championship of rowing. ... Division I The NCAA Division I Womens Rowing Championships are comprised of 312 total competitors (344 including spares) and three events (Varsity Eights, JV Eights, Fours). ...

The Ivy League is home to some of the oldest college rugby teams. These teams meet annually to compete in a tourney. The 2006 Ivy League Tournament was hosted by Yale, and the 2005 tournament was hosted by the University of Pennsylvania. A BCRFC match at Boston College Collegiate club rugby (a collegiate version of rugby union) is played throughout universities in the United States of America. ... YALE (Yet Another Learning Environment) is an environment for machine learning experiments and data mining. ...

Athletic teams

• Brown Bears
• Columbia Lions
• Cornell Big Red
• Dartmouth Big Green
• Harvard Crimson
• Penn Quakers
• Princeton Tigers
• Yale Bulldogs

// The Ivy League Columbia University, whose athletic teams go by the name lions, are part of the Ivy League, which includes Columbia, University of Pennsylvania, Cornell, Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Brown and Dartmouth. ... The Cornell Big Red is the name of the sports teams, and other competitive teams, at Cornell University. ...

Conference facilities

Dartmouth also owns and operates the Dartmouth Skiway, the home racing grounds for the 2007 NCAA skiing champions. Brown University is a private university located in Providence, Rhode Island. ... Brown Stadium is a football stadium located in Providence, Rhode Island. ... Pizzitola Sports Center is a 2,800-seat multi-purpose arena in Providence, Rhode Island and was built in 1989. ... Meehan Auditorium is a 3,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Providence, Rhode Island. ... Stevenson Field is a stadium in Providence, Rhode Island on the campus of Brown University. ... Lawrence A. Wien Stadium is a stadium located in Manhattan, New York. ... Levien Gymnasium is a 3,408-seat multi-purpose arena in New York, New York. ... Columbia Soccer Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located on the campus of Columbia University in New York City. ... Cornell redirects here. ... Schoellkopf Field is a 25,597-capacity stadium at Cornell University that opened in 1915 and is used for the Big Red football, sprint football, lacrosse and field hockey teams. ... Newman Arena is a 4,473-seat multi-purpose arena at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. ... Lynah Rink is a 3,836-seat hockey arena at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, that opened in 1957. ... Charles F. Berman Field is a multi-use stadium in Ithaca, New York on the campus of Cornell University. ... Dartmouth College is a private, coeducational university located in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. Incorporated as Trustees of Dartmouth College,[6][7] it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine colonial colleges founded before the American Revolution. ... Memorial Field is a football stadium located in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. It is the home of Dartmouth Colleges Big Green football and outdoor track teams. ... Leede Arena is a 2,100-seat multi-purpose arena in Hanover, New Hampshire and was built in 1986. ... Thompson Arena is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Hanover, New Hampshire. ... Harvard University (incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... Harvard Stadium is a football stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. ... Lavietes Pavilion is a 2,195-seat multi-purpose arena in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... Bright Hockey Center is a 3,200-seat multi-purpose arena in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ... Ohiri Field is a multi-purpose stadium located on the campus of Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts. ... This article is about the private Ivy League university in Philadelphia. ... Franklin Field is the University of Pennsylvanias stadium for football, field hockey, lacrosse, sprint football, and track and field (and formerly for soccer). ... For the Greek and Roman sports arenas, see Palaestra The Palestra is a historic arena and the home gym of the University of Pennsylvania Quakers mens and womens basketball teams, volleyball teams, wrestling team, and Philadelphia Big 5 mens basketball. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Princeton University Stadium is a stadium in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Jadwin Gymnasium is a 6,854-seat multi-purpose arena in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Hobey Baker Memorial Rink is a 2,092-seat multi-purpose arena in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Lourie-Love Field is a multi-purpose stadium located on the campus of Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Yale redirects here. ... The Yale Bowl is a football stadium in New Haven, Connecticut on the border of West Haven. ... Payne Whitney Gym is a 3,100-seat multi-purpose arena in New Haven, Connecticut and was built in 1932. ... Ingalls Rink, or in full, David S. Ingalls Rink, is a hockey rink designed by architect Eero Saarinen and built between 1953 and 1959 for Yale University. ... Reese Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located on the campus of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. ... The Dartmouth Skiway is located about twenty minutes north of Dartmouth College in Lyme, New Hampshire. ...

Other "Ivies"

Marketing groups, journalists, and some educators sometimes promote other colleges as "Ivies," as in Little Ivies; Public Ivies; Southern Ivies and Canadian Ivies. These uses of "ivy" are intended to promote the other schools by comparing them to the Ivy League, but unlike the "Ivy League" label, they have no canonical definition. For example, in the 2007 edition of Newsweek's How to Get Into College Now, the editors designated twenty-five schools as "New Ivies," some of which share no characteristics with the Ivy League colleges except a good reputation.^[61] Little Ivies is a colloquialism referring to a group of small, selective[1] American colleges and universities; however, it does not denote any official organization. ... Wren Building (College of William and Mary) Alumni Hall (Miami U) Sather Gate (UC Berkeley) Central Campus Diag (U of Michigan) Old Well (UNC-Chapel Hill) UT Tower (U of Texas) Williams Hall (U of Vermont) The Rotunda (U of Virginia) Public Ivy is a colloquialism for a state-funded... Southern Ivies is a colloquialism used to imply a Southern college or university is comparable to the schools of the Ivy League in some way, usually in academic quality or in social prestige. ...

Championships

Football

See also

• Big Three (universities) — a term used to refer to Harvard, Yale and Princeton
• Colonial colleges — the oldest U. S. colleges, overlaps the Ivy League with the exception of Cornell
• Hidden Ivies: Thirty Colleges of Excellence
• Jesuit Ivy — Complimentary use of "Ivy" to characterize Boston College
• Little Ivies — group of U.S. liberal arts colleges that parallel the Ivy League in some respects
• Patriot League — An athletic conference with similar academic standards and scholarship policies for athletes. Most of the Ivy league's extra-conference sports contests are with schools of the Patriot League.
• Public Ivies — Group of public U.S. universities thought to "provide an Ivy League collegiate experience at a public school price"
• Seven Sisters — Historically, these were women's colleges each of which had a close tie to an Ivy League school.
• Southern Ivies — Complimentary use of "Ivy" to characterize excellent universities in the U. S. South
• Category:University organizations — other groups of universities

The Big Three is an historical term used in the United States to refer to Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. ... The colonial colleges are nine institutions of higher education chartered in the American Colonies before the American Revolution (1775–1783). ... Boston College The Jesuit Ivy is a nickname given to Boston College in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. ... For similarly-named academic institutions, see Boston (disambiguation)#Education. ... Little Ivies is a colloquialism referring to a group of small, selective[1] American colleges and universities; however, it does not denote any official organization. ... A liberal arts college is an institution of higher education found in the United States, offering programs in the liberal arts at the post-secondary level. ... The Patriot League is a college athletic conference which operates in the northeastern United States. ... The Patriot League is a college athletic conference which operates in the northeastern United States. ... Wren Building (College of William and Mary) Alumni Hall (Miami U) Sather Gate (UC Berkeley) Central Campus Diag (U of Michigan) Old Well (UNC-Chapel Hill) UT Tower (U of Texas) Williams Hall (U of Vermont) The Rotunda (U of Virginia) Public Ivy is a colloquialism for a state-funded... The Seven Sisters is the name given in 1927 to seven liberal arts womens colleges in the Northern United States. ... Southern Ivies is a colloquialism used to imply a Southern college or university is comparable to the schools of the Ivy League in some way, usually in academic quality or in social prestige. ...

Notes

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Dartmouth College is a private, coeducational university located in Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. Incorporated as Trustees of Dartmouth College,[6][7] it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine colonial colleges founded before the American Revolution. ... Cornell redirects here. ... This article is about the private Ivy League university in Philadelphia. ... Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most well known Founding Fathers of the United States. ... Deism is belief in a God or first cause based on reason, rather than on faith or revelation, and thus a form of theism in opposition to fideism. ... George Whitefield (December 16, 1714 - September 30, 1770), was a minister in the Church of England and one of the leaders of the Methodist movement. ... Great Awakenings are commonly said to be periods of religious revival in Anglo-American religious history. ... Haverford College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college located in Haverford, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia. ... Yale University Press is a book publisher founded in 1908. ... Yale redirects here. ... OED stands for Oxford English Dictionary Office of Enrollment & Discipline This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Chicago Public Library consists of 80 branches (as of March 2006) throughout the city of Chicago, Illinois, USA. History Harold Washington Library in downtown Chicago. ... In the United States a preparatory school, or prep school, is usually a private secondary school (or high school) designed to prepare a student for higher education. ... The Episcopal Church may refer to several members of the Anglican Communion, including: Episcopal Church in the United States of America Scottish Episcopal Church Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East Episcopal Church of Cuba idk of the Sudan Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 161st day of the year (162nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Conference

• IvyLeagueSports.com: Official Home of the Ivy League
  • Ivy League American Football venues
  • Ivy League Basketball venues
  • Ivy League Ice Hockey venues
  • Ivy League Soccer venues
• National Collegiate Athletics Association

Members

• Brown University
• Columbia University
• Cornell University
• Dartmouth College
• Harvard University
• Princeton University
• University of Pennsylvania
• Yale University