J. Michael Bishop (born February 22, 1936) is an American immunologist and microbiologist who won the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He currently serves as an active faculty member and chancellor at the University of California, San Francisco. February 22 is the 53rd day of every year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. ... Microbiology is the study of microbes or organisms at a micro level. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ...

Bishop was born in Pennsylvania. He attended Gettysburg College as an undergraduate, then earned an MD from Harvard University in 1962. Official language(s) None Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 33rd 119,283 km² 255 km 455 km 2. ... Gettysburg College Gettysburg College is a private four-year liberal arts college of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, founded in 1832, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, adjacent to the famous battlefield. ... The Medicinæ Doctor or Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or D.M.) is a an degree held by medical doctors. ... Harvard University, incorporated as The President and Fellows of Harvard College, is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ...

He began his career working for the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a part of the National Institutes of Health. He then spent a year working for the Heinrich-Pette Institute in Hamburg, Germany before joining the faculty of the University of California, San Francisco. Bishop has remained on the school's faculty since 1968, and has been chancellor of the university since 1998. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. ... The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for medical research. ... Hamburgs central promenade Jungfernstieg on the Alster lake, between 1900 and 1914 Hamburg is Germanys second largest city (after Berlin) and, with the Hamburg Harbour, its principal port. ... The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) is one of the worlds leading centers of health sciences research, patient care, and education. ...

Bishop is best known for his Nobel-winning work on retroviral oncogenes. Working with Harold E. Varmus in the 1980s, he discovered the first human oncogene, v-Src. Their findings allowed the understanding of how malignant tumors are formed from changes to the normal genes of a cell. These changes can be produced by viruses, by radiation, or by exposure to some chemicals. Genera Alpharetrovirus Betaretrovirus Gammaretrovirus Deltaretrovirus Epsilonretrovirus Lentivirus Spumavirus A Retrovirus is a virus which has a genome consisting of two RNA molecules, which may or may not be identical. ... An oncogene is a gene that can cause a cell to develop into a tumor cell, possibly resulting in cancer. ... Harold Elliot Varmus (b. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English) originally means swelling, and is sometimes still used with that meaning. ... This stylistic schematic diagram shows a gene in relation to the double helix structure of DNA and to a chromosome (right). ...

External links

• Nobel autobiography
• UCSF Cancer Center Profile
• Faculty Profile
• Bishop Lab Webpage