The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine

For other persons named James Bruce, see James Bruce (disambiguation).

James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin and 12th Earl of Kincardine (20 July 1811 – 20 November 1863) was a British colonial administrator and diplomat, best known as Governor General of the Province of Canada and Viceroy of India. He was the son of the 7th Earl of Elgin and 11th Earl of Kincardine. His second wife was Lady Mary Lambton, daughter of the 1st Earl of Durham, the author of the groundbreaking Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839), and niece of the Colonial Secretary the 3rd Earl Grey. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... James Bruce can refer to: James Bruce (bishop) († 1447), bishop of Dunkeld, Chancellor of Scotland and bishop of Glasgow. ... July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). ... The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure générale du Canada or Gouverneur général du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian Monarch. ... The Governor-General of India (or Governor-General and Viceroy of India) was the head of the British administration in India. ... Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin and 11th Earl of Kincardine (July 20, 1766 - November 14, 1841) was a British nobleman and diplomat, known for the removal of marble sculptures from the Parthenon in Athens -- popularly known as the Elgin Marbles. ... John George Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham (12 April 1792 - 28 July 1840), was a British Whig statesman and colonial administrator, Governor-General and high commissioner of British North America. ... The Report on the Affairs of British North America, commonly known as Lord Durhams Report, is an important document in the history of Canada and the British Empire. ... Henry George Grey, 3rd Earl Grey (December 28, 1802 October 9, 1894), was an English statesman. ...

Career

Jamaica

He became Governor of Jamaica in 1842, and in 1847 was appointed Governor General of Canada. The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure générale du Canada or Gouverneur général du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian Monarch. ...

Canada

Under Lord Elgin, the first real attempts began at establishing responsible government in Canada. In 1848, the moderate reformers of both Canada East and Canada West, Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin, won their elections, and Lord Elgin asked them to form a government together. Lord Elgin became the first Governor General to remove himself from the affairs of the legislature, leading to the essentially symbolic role that the Governor-General now has. Responsible government is a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy. ... Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine. ... Robert Baldwin (12 May 1804 – 9 December 1858), Canadian statesman, was born at York (now Toronto). ...

In 1849 the Baldwin-Lafontaine government passed the Rebellion Losses Bill, compensating French Canadians for losses suffered during the Rebellions of 1837. Lord Elgin signed the bill despite heated Tory opposition and his own personal misgivings, sparking riots in Quebec, during which Elgin himself was assaulted by an English-speaking mob and the Parliament buildings were burned down. The French-speaking minority in the Canadian legislature also unsuccessfully tried to have him removed from his post. Rebellion Losses Bill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Rebellions of 1837 were a pair of Canadian armed uprisings that occurred in 1837 and 1838 in response to frustrations in political reform and ethnic conflict. ... The term Tory (from Irish Gaelic tóraighe, an outlaw or guerrilla fighter, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms — literally meaning pursued man) applied to the Tory Party, the ancestor of the modern UK Conservative Party. ... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Official languages French Flower Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor Linné) Tree Yellow Birch Bird Snowy Owl Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 75 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

In 1849, the Stony Monday Riot took place in Bytown on Monday September 17. Tories and Reformists clashed over the planned visit of Lord Elgin, one man was killed and many sustain injuries. Two days later, the two political factions, armed with cannons, muskets and pistols faced off on the Sappers Bridge. Although the conflict was diffused in time by the military, a general support for the Crown's representative, triumphed in Bytown (renamed Ottawa by Queen Victoria in 1854). The Stony Monday Riot took place in Bytown on Monday September 17, 1849. ... Bytown is the former name Ottawa, Canada. ...

In 1854, Lord Elgin negotiated the Reciprocity Treaty with the United States in an attempt to stimulate the Canadian economy. Later that year, he signed the law that abolished the seigneurial system in Quebec, and then resigned as Governor-General. The Canadian American Reciprocity Treaty was a trade treaty between the colonies of British North America and the United States. ... The seigneurial system of New France was the semi-feudal system of land distribution used in the colonies of New France. ...

China and Japan

In 1857, he became High Commissioner to China, and he visited China and Japan in 1858-59, where he oversaw the end of the Second Opium War and ordered the destruction of the Yuanming Yuan, the Old Summer Palace outside Beijing. The Second Opium War or Arrow War was a war of the United Kingdom and France against the Qing Dynasty of China from 1856 to 1860. ... The Imperial Gardens as they once stood The Old Summer Palace, also known in China as the Gardens of Perfect Brightness (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ), and originally called the Imperial Gardens (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), was a complex of palaces and gardens 8 km (5 miles) northwest of the walls... The Imperial Gardens as they once stood The Old Summer Palace, known in China as the Gardens of Perfect Brightness (Traditional Chinese: 圓明園; Simplified Chinese: 圆明园; pinyin: Yuánmíng Yuán), and originally called the Imperial Gardens (Traditional Chinese: 御園; pinyin: Yù Yuán), was an extremely large complex of palaces and... Beijing [English Pronunciation] (Chinese: 北京 [Chinese Pronunciation]; Pinyin: Běijīng; IPA: ), a city in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...

Elgin also signed a Treaty of Amity and Commerce with Japan in August 1858, soon after the Harris Treaty. The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce (NichiEi ShuuKou Tsushou Jouyaku 日英修好通商条約) was signed on August 26, 1858 by Lord Elgin and the then representatives of the Japanese government (Tokugawa shogunate). ... The Treaty of Peace and Commerce between the United States and Japan was signed July 29, 1858. ...

India

He became Viceroy of India in 1861, and died in Dharamasala in 1863. The Governor-General of India (or Governor-General and Viceroy of India) was the head of the British administration in India. ... Locator map Dharamsala or Dharmsāla, (literally; Rest House) is a town in the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. ...

See also

• List of Lieutenant Governors of Ontario
• List of Lieutenant Governors of Quebec
• Anglo-Japanese relations
• Anglo-Chinese relations

The flag of the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario This is a list of Lieutenant Governors of the Canadian province of Ontario. ... This is a list of Lieutenant Governors of the Canadian province of Quebec. ... This page describes the history of the relationship between the United Kingdom and Japan. ... Anglo-Chinese relations (Traditional Chinese: 中英關係; Simplified Chinese: 中英关系; Hanyu Pinyin: ), also known as Sino-British relations, refers to the interstate relations between China and the United Kingdom. ...

References

• Wrong, George M. The Earl of Elgin. Toronto : G.N. Morang, 1906. Also digitized by Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions 2003.
• Morison, John Lyle. The eighth Earl of Elgin : a chapter in nineteenth-century imperial history. London : Hodder and Stoughton, 1928.
• Narrative of the Earl of Elgin's mission to China and Japan, 1857-8-9 (2 volumes), Laurence Oliphant, 1859 (reprinted by Oxford University Press, 1970) {No ISBN}
• Checkland, S.G. The Elgins 1766-1917 : a tale of aristocrats, proconsuls and their wives. Aberdeen : Aberdeen University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-08-036395-4.
• John Newsinger, 'Elgin in China,' The New Left Review, 15 May/June, 2002. pp. 119-40.
• James L. Hevia, English Lessons: The Pedagogy of Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century China (Durham: Duke University Press, 2003)

Laurence Oliphant (1829 - December 23, 1888), British author, son of Anthony Oliphant (1793-1859), was born at Cape Town. ...

External links

• Works by James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin at Project Gutenberg
• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• Erik Ringmar, Fury of the Europeans: Liberal Barbarism and the Destruction of the Emperor's Summer Palace
• This page incorporates information from Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page.

Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ... The Houses of Parliament, seen over Westminster Bridge The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories. ... Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of Camperdown (25 March 1812–30 January 1867), styled Viscount Duncan between 1831 and 1859, was a British nobleman and politician. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... Southampton was a parliamentary constituency which was represented in the British House of Commons. ... Charles Abbot, 2nd Baron Colchester (12 March 1798–18 October 1867), known as Charles Abbot before 1829, was a British Conservative politician. ... In the United Kingdom, the Postmaster General is a now defunct ministerial position. ... Edward John Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley (1802-1869), entered the House of Commons in 1831 and became Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department in 1841, Patronage Secretary to the Treasury from 1835 to 1841, Paymaster-General in 1841, and Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs... Charles Murray Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart (1783-1859) was Governor General of the Province of Canada and Lieutenant Governor of Canada West (November 26, 1845-January 30, 1847) Related Link: List of Lieutenant Governors of Ontario List of Lieutenant Governors of Quebec Categories: Stub | 1783 births | 1859 deaths | Governors General... The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure générale du Canada or Gouverneur général du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian Monarch. ... Sir Edmund Walker Head (February 16, 1805-January 28, 1868) was British colonial administrator. ... Charles John Canning, 1st Earl Canning (14 December 1812 - 17 June 1862), English statesman, Governor-General of India during the Mutiny of 1857, was the youngest child of George Canning, and was born at Brompton, near London. ... The Governor-General of India (or Governor-General and Viceroy of India) was the head of the British administration in India. ... John Laird Mair Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence (4 March 1811 - 27 June 1879) was a British statesman who served as Viceroy of India from 1864 to 1869. ... The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. ... Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin and 11th Earl of Kincardine (July 20, 1766 - November 14, 1841) was a British nobleman and diplomat, known for the removal of marble sculptures from the Parthenon in Athens -- popularly known as the Elgin Marbles. ... The title Earl of Elgin was created in 1633 in the Peerage of Scotland for Thomas Bruce. ... Victor Alexander Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin, 13th Earl of Kincardine (16 May 1849 - 18 January 1917) was a British statesman who served as Viceroy of India from 1894 to 1899. ...

	Lieutenant-Governors of Ontario
Post-Confederation (1867-present) Stisted | Howland | Crawford | D.A. Macdonald | J.B. Robinson | Campbell | Kirkpatrick | Gzowski | Mowat | Clark | Gibson | Hendrie | Clarke | Cockshutt | Ross | Mulock | H.A. Bruce | Matthews | Lawson | Breithaupt | MacKay | Rowe | W.R. Macdonald | McGibbon | Aird | Alexander | Jackman | Weston | Bartleman Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Lieutenant-Governor_of_Ontario. ... The flag of the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario This is a list of lieutenant-governors of the Canadian province of Ontario, before and during Confederation in 1867. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ontario. ... Major-General Sir Henry William Stisted, CB (1817 – 10 December 1875), served as the first Lieutenant Governor of Ontario after Confederation, from 1867 to 1868. ... Image:WilliamPearceHowland starred in a porn film with Sir George Etienne Cartier23. ... The Honourable John Willoughby Crawford, QC (1817-1875), served as the third Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, from 1873-1875. ... The Honourable Donald Alexander Macdonald, PC (February 17, 1817-June 10, 1896) was a Canadian politician. ... John Beverley Robinson (1820-1896) was elected mayor of Toronto in 1856. ... Sir Alexander Campbell The Honourable Sir Alexander Campbell, PC (March 9, 1822 – 24 May 1892) was an English-born, in Hedon, Canadian statesman and politician, and a father of Canadian Confederation. ... The Honourable Sir George Airey Kirkpatrick, PC , KCMG , QC (September 13, 1841 – 13 December 1899) was a politician from Ontario, Canada. ... Kazimierz StanisÅ‚aw Gzowski The Honourable Sir Kazimierz StanisÅ‚aw Gzowski (March 5, 1813 – August 24, 1898), was an engineer who served as acting Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1896 to 1897. ... The Honourable Sir Oliver Mowat, QC (July 22, 1820 – 19 April 1903) was a Canadian politician, and premier of Ontario from 1872 to 1896. ... The Honourable Sir William Mortimer Clark (May 24, 1836-1917) was a Canadian politician and businessman. ... The Honourable Sir John Morison Gibson, KCMG, KC (January 1, 1842-1929) Born in 1842 in Toronto, the son of Scottish immigrants, John Morison Gibson was educated at the University of Toronto. ... The Honourable Sir John Strathearn Hendrie, KCMG, CVO (August 15, 1857-1923) was Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1914 to 1919. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Henry Cockshutt (July 8, 1868 - November 26, 1944) was the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, Canada. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The Right Honourable Sir William Mulock (January 19, 1844 - October 1, 1944) was a Canadian politician and cabinet member. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... The Honourable Raymond Lawson, OBE (August 30, 1886-1980), served as the 17th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1946 to 1952. ... The Honourable Louis Orville Breithaupt (October 28, 1890 - December 12, 1960), served as the 18th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1952 to 1957. ... The Honourable John Keiller MacKay, PC, DSO, VD, QC (July 11, 1888 - June 12, 1970), served as the 19th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1957 to 1963. ... The Honourable William Earl Rowe, PC (May 13, 1894 – February 9, 1984), was a politician in Ontario, Canada. ... The Honourable William Ross Macdonald, PC , OC , CD , QC (December 25, 1891 - May 28, 1976), served as the 21st Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1968 to 1974, and as Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons from 1949 to 1953. ... 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Head | Monck Major General John Clitherow (December 13, 1782 - October 14, 1852) was an army officer, politician and was briefly Lieutenant Governor of Canada West and Canada East(1841). ... Sir Richard Downes Jackson (1777-1845) was Administrator of Canada West and Canada East (1841-1842) until the arrival of Sir Charles Bagot who took the position of Governor General of the Province of Canada. ... Sir Charles Bagot (23 September 1781- 19 May 1843) was an English diplomat and colonial administrator who served as Governor General of the Province of Canada 1841-1843). ... Charles Theophilus Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe (January 30, 1785 – September 5, 1846), Indian and colonial administrator, was born at Calcutta. ... Charles Murray Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart (1783-1859) was Governor General of the Province of Canada and Lieutenant Governor of Canada West (November 26, 1845-January 30, 1847) Related Link: List of Lieutenant Governors of Ontario List of Lieutenant Governors of Quebec Categories: Stub | 1783 births | 1859 deaths | Governors General... Sir Edmund Walker Head (February 16, 1805-January 28, 1868) was British colonial administrator. ... Viscount Monck, 1868 The Right Honourable Charles Stanley Monck, 4th Viscount Monck (October 10, 1819 – November 29, 1894) was the last Governor General of the Province of Canada and the first Governor General of Canada after Canadian Confederation. ... Upper Canada (1791-1841) Simcoe | Russell | Hunter | Grant | Gore | Brock | Sheaffe | de Rottenburg | Drummond | Murray | F.P. Robinson | Smith | Maitland | Colborne | F.B. Head | Arthur | Thomson John Graves Simcoe (February 25, 1752 – October 26, 1806) was the first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada (modern-day southern Ontario plus the shoreline of Georgian Bay and Lake Superior) from 1791-1796. ... This article is about Peter Russell the Canadian government official, not the present day futurist Peter Russell. ... Peter Hunter (1746-1805) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. ... Alexander Grant (1734–1813) was a British army officer, businessman and politician in Upper Canada. ... Francis Gore, (1769-1852) was a British officer and British colonial administrator. ... This article refers to the British general. ... Roger Hale Sheaffe General Roger Hale Sheaffe (15 July 1763 – 17 July 1851) was a British General in the first part of the 19th century. ... Major-General Francis de Rottenburg, baron de Rottenburg (1757-1832) was born in what is now Gdansk, Poland to a Swiss family and became a British military officer and colonial administrator. ... Lieutenant-General Sir Gordon Drummond holds the honour of being the first Canadian-born officer to command the military and the civil government. ... The Right Hon. ... Sir Frederick Philipse Robinson (1763 - January 1, 1852), a Virginian soldier, who fought for England during the American War of Independence. ... Samuel Smith (December 27, 1756 - October 20, 1826) was an army officer, politician and colonial administrator in Upper Canada. ... Sir Peregrine Maitland (July 6, 1777–May 30, 1854) was a British soldier and colonial administrator. ... The Right Honourable John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton (February 16, 1778 – April 17, 1863), British field marshal, was born at Lyndhurst, Hants and entered the 20th (Lancashire Fusiliers) in 1794, winning thereafter every step in his regimental promotion without purchase. ... Sir Francis Bond Head (1 January 1793 – 20 July 1875), known as Galloping Head, was Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada during the Rebellion of 1837. ... Major General Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet, (21 June 1784 – 19 September 1854) was Lieutenant Governor of British Honduras (1814–1822), Van Diemens Land (now Tasmania Australia) (1823–1837) and later Upper Canada (1838–1841). ... Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham (1799 - September 19, 1841) was the first Governor of the united Province of Canada. ...