NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Japan

Japan (help· info) (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon,^? officially 日本国 Nihon-koku or Nippon-koku) is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of China, Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes identified as the "Land of the Rising Sun". Japan may refer to: Japan, the East Asian island nation, also called Nippon (æ—¥æœ¬, Nihon) Japan (band), a British art rock band a lacquer technique, Japanning Japan (manga), a manga written by Eiji Otsuka and illustrated by Mami Ito This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Image File history File links Imperial_Seal_of_Japan. ... Civil and state flag and ensign (Aug 13, 1999. ... The National and Imperial Seal of Japan was originally the Imperial Seal, and is called 菊の御紋 Kiku No Gomon in Japanese, which, literally, means Noble Symbol of Chrysanthemum or Imperial Seal of Chrysanthemum . The Imperial Seal is used by members of the Japanese Imperial family. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Score of Kimi ga Yo Kimi ga Yo ), often translated as The Emperors Reign is Japans National Anthem, and is also one of the worlds shortest national anthems in current use. ... Image File history File links LocationMapJapan. ... This article is about a city that serves as a center of government and politics. ... Birth and death rates of Japan since 1950 Japans population, currently 127,463,611, experienced a high growth rate during the 20th century, as a result of scientific, industrial, and social changes. ... , literally Eastern capital) is a unique subnational administrative region of Japan with characteristics of both a prefecture and a city. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... For the CPR ocean liner, see Empress of Japan. ... Akihito () (born December 23, 1933) is the current Emperor ) of Japan, the 125th sovereign to hold that title, according to the traditional order of succession. ... The Prime Minister of Japan (å†…é–£ç·ç†å¤§è‡£ Naikaku sÅri daijin) is the usual English-language term used for the head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Minister of the Cabinet. ... Shinzo Abe , ; born September 21, 1954) is the current Prime Minister of Japan, elected by a special session of the National Diet on September 26, 2006. ... The Liberal Democratic Party ), frequently abbreviated to LDP or JimintÅ ), is a conservative political party and the largest party in Japan, which has been ruling almost uninterruptedly since Japan regained independence after World War II. It is not to be confused with the now-defunct Liberal Party ), which merged with... The written history of Japan began with brief appearances in Chinese history texts from the first century CE. However, archaeological research indicates that people were living on the islands of Japan as early as the upper paleolithic period. ... National Foundation Day (å»ºå›½è¨˜å¿µæ—¥, kenkoku kinen-bi; also å»ºå›½è¨˜å¿µã®æ—¥, kenkoku kinen-no-hi) is a national holiday in Japan celebrated annually on February 11. ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... BC may stand for: Before Christ (see Anno Domini) : an abbreviation used to refer to a year before the beginning of the year count that starts with the supposed year of the birth of Jesus. ... JÅyu (ä¸Šè«) - The Emperors words (1) The Constitution of the Empire of Japan ), more commonly known as the Imperial or Meiji Constitution, was the fundamental law of the Empire of Japan from 29 November 1889 until 2 May 1947. ... November 29 is the 333rd day of the year (334th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... The present Constitution of Japan took effect on May 3, 1947, during the American occupation after the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II. The Constitution of the Empire of Japan (1889–1947) The first constitution in Japan was enacted by the Emperor during the Meiji... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru gives a speech on reconciliation and rapport ) at the San Francisco Peace conference. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 kmÂ² and 1,000,000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... Population density by country, 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/kmÂ². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... Gross domestic product (by purchasing power parity) in 2006 The Purchasing power parity (PPP) theory was developed by Gustav Cassel in 1920. ... One million million (1,000,000,000,000) is the natural number following 999,999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,000,001. ... Gross domestic product (by purchasing power parity) in 2006 There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... Map of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita for the year 2006. ... One million million (1,000,000,000,000) is the natural number following 999,999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,000,001. ... Countries by nominal GDP. Source: IMF (2005) This article includes a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... Map of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita. ... World map indicating Human Development Index (2004). ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Coloured world map indicating Human Development Index (2004) (colour-blind compliant map) This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Programmes Human Development Report 2006, compiled on the basis of 2004 data. ... ISO 4217 Code JPY User(s) Japan Inflation -0. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... A time zone is a region of the Earth that has adopted the same standard time, usually referred to as the local time. ... An Imperial Ordinance issued on December 27, Meiji 28 (1895) Japan Standard Time (æ—¥æœ¬æ¨™æº–æ™‚ or ä¸å¤®æ¨™æº–æ™‚) is the standard timezone in Japan that is 9 hours ahead of UTC; i. ... Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a high-precision atomic time standard. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... .jp is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Japan. ... A telephone number is a sequence of decimal digits (0-9) that is used for identifying a destination telephone line in a telephone network. ... Japanese telephone numbering plan Country Code: 81 Area codes (å¸‚å¤–å±€ç•ª shigai-kyokuban) of selected major cities 011 Sapporo 022 Sendai 0242 Aizu Wakamatsu 025 Niigata 026 Nagano 028 (next digit 6) Utsunomiya 03 Tokyo 043 (next digit 2 or 3) Chiba 044 Kawasaki 045 Yokohama 048 Saitama (formed in 2001 by... For a tire company, known by Yokohama Tyre, see Yokohama Rubber Company. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Meiji era print of Emperor Jimmu Emperor Jimmu (ç¥žæ¦å¤©çš‡ Jinmu TennÅ; also known as: Kamuyamato Iwarebiko; given name: Wakamikenu no Mikoto or Sano no Mikoto, born according to legend on January 1, 711 BC, and died, again according to legend, on March 11, 585 BC,[citation needed] was the mythical founder... Image File history File links Ja-nippon nihonkoku. ... Island countries in the world An island country is a country that is wholly confined to an island or island group, and has no territory on the mainland of a continent. ... Geographic East Asia. ... Korea (Korean: í•œêµ in South Korea or ì¡°ì„ in North Korea, see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Map of the Sea of Okhotsk. ... The East China Sea is a marginal sea and part of the Pacific Ocean. ... The English word Japan is not the name used for their country by the Japanese themselves: it is an exonym. ...

Japan comprises over three thousand islands,^[1] the largest of which are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for 97% of land area. Most of the islands are mountainous, many volcanic; for example, Japan’s highest peak, Mount Fuji, is a volcano. Japan has the world's tenth largest population, with about 128 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents. HonshÅ« (æœ¬å·ž Literally Main State) is the largest island of Japan, called the Mainland; it is south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Strait. ... literally North Sea Circuit, Ainu: Mosir), formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is Japans second largest island and the largest of its 47 prefectural-level subdivisions. ... KyÅ«shÅ« region of Japan and the current prefectures on KyÅ«shÅ« island KyÅ«shÅ« ), literally Nine Provinces, is the third largest island of Japan and most southerly and westerly of the four main islands. ... This article is about the island. ... Lyskamm, 4 527 m, Pennine Alps A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. ... For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ... Mount Fuji Mount Fuji , IPA: ) is the highest mountain in Japan. ... This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... The Greater Tokyo Area (æ±äº¬éƒ½å¸‚åœ TÅkyÅ-toshiken), also the Tokyo-Yokohama area, is a large metropolitan area in Japan consisting of the metropolis of Tokyo and the prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa and Saitama. ... , literally Eastern capital) is a unique subnational administrative region of Japan with characteristics of both a prefecture and a city. ... Map of the prefectures of Japan in ISO 3166-2:JP order. ... Cities with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 This is a list of the 100 largest urban agglomerations in the world according to the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects report (2005 revision). ...

Archaeological research indicates that people were living on the islands of Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan begins with brief appearances in Chinese history texts from the first century AD. Influence from the outside world followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. Thus, its culture today is a mixture of outside influences and internal developments. Since adopting its constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament, the Diet. Archaeology, archeology, or archÃ¦ology (from Greek: Î±ÏÏ‡Î±Î¯Î¿Ï‚, archaios, combining form in Latin archae-, ancient; and Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚, logos, knowledge) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. ... The history of China is told in traditional historical records that go back to the Three sovereigns and five emperors about 5,000 years ago, supplemented by archaeological records dating to the 16th century BC. China is one of the worlds oldest continuous civilizations. ... A map showing the unitary states. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... For the CPR ocean liner, see Empress of Japan. ... The National Diet of Japan ) is Japans legislature. ...

A great power,^[2] Japan is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP after the United States. It is a member of the United Nations, G8, G4 and APEC, with the world's fifth largest defense budget. It is the world's fourth largest exporter and sixth largest importer. One of the hallmarks of contemporary great power status is permanent membership on the United Nations Security Council. ... Countries by nominal GDP. Source: IMF (2005) This article includes a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. ... A regions gross domestic product, or GDP, is one of several measures of the size of its economy. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Group of Eight redirects here. ... G4 countries. ... APEC may refer to: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Action Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour Advanced Placement European Civilization Atlantic Provinces Economic Council This article consisting of a 4-letter acronym or initialism is a disambiguation page â€” a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... Military expenditure by country using CIA World Factbook figures Military spending as a percentage of GDP using CIA World Factbook figures This is a list of countries by military expenditures using the latest information available. ... Map of amount of exports per country This is a list of countries by exports, mostly based on The World Factbook [1] accessed in February 2006. ... Map of countries by imports This is a list of countries by imports, mostly based on The World Factbook [1] accessed in October 2005. ...

1 History
2 Government and politics
3 Foreign relations and military
4 Administrative divisions
5 Geography and climate
6 Economy
7 Science and technology
8 Demographics
9 Education and health
10 Culture and recreation
11 Sports
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
15 Further reading

History

Main article: History of Japan

The first signs of occupation on the Japanese archipelago appeared with a Paleolithic culture around 30,000 BC, followed from around 10,000 BC by a Mesolithic to Neolithic semi-sedentary hunter-gatherer culture of pit dwelling and a rudimentary form of agriculture. Decorated clay vessels from this period, often with plaited patterns, are some of the oldest surviving examples of pottery in the world.^[3] The written history of Japan began with brief appearances in Chinese history texts from the first century CE. However, archaeological research indicates that people were living on the islands of Japan as early as the upper paleolithic period. ... The Japanese Archipelago which forms the country of Japan extends from north to south along the eastern coast of the Eurasian Continent, the western shore of the Pacific Ocean. ... The Japanese Paleolithic ) covers a period from around 100,000 [citation needed] to 30,000 BCE, when the earliest stone tool implements have been found, to around 12,000 BCE, at the end of the last Ice-age, which corresponds to the beginning of the Mesolithic Jomon Period. ... The 30th millennium BC is part of the Upper Paleolithic Era. ... See 1 E11 s for more remote dates. ... The Mesolithic (Greek mesos=middle and lithos=stone or the Middle Stone Age[1]) was a period in the development of human technology between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods of the Stone Age. ... An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools. ... In anthropology, the hunter-gatherer way of life is that led by certain societies of the Neolithic Era based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals. ... Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ...

The Yayoi period, starting around the third century BC, introduced new practices, such as wet-rice farming, iron and bronze-making and a new style of pottery, brought by migrants from China or Korea. With the development of Yayoi culture, a predominantly agricultural society emerged in Japan.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Yayoi Period. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ... Assorted ancient Bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ... Korea (Korean: í•œêµ in South Korea or ì¡°ì„ in North Korea, see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ...

A middle Jōmon period vessel (3000 to 2000 BC).

The Great Buddha at Tōdai-ji, Nara, cast in 752.

The Japanese first appear in written history in China’s Book of Han. According to the Chinese Records of the Three Kingdoms, the most powerful kingdom on the archipelago during the third century was called Yamataikoku. Jomon vessel with flame-like ornamentation. ... Jomon vessel with flame-like ornamentation. ... The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Jomon Period. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 399 Ã— 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (833 Ã— 1250 pixel, file size: 340 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Statue of Buddha at Todaiji in Nara Japan. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 399 Ã— 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (833 Ã— 1250 pixel, file size: 340 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Statue of Buddha at Todaiji in Nara Japan. ... Media:Example. ... TÅdai-ji (æ±å¤§å¯º) (meaning the Eastern Great Temple),[1] is a Buddhist temple complex located in the city of Nara, Japan. ... Nara ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. ... The Book of Han (Chinese: æ¼¢æ›¸/æ±‰ä¹¦) is a classic Chinese historical writing covering the history of Western Han from 206 BC to 25. ... The Sānguó Zhì (Chinese 三國志, or 三國誌), variously translated as Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Records of the Three States and Records of the Three Kingdoms was the official and authoritative historical text compiled by Chen Shou during the Chinese Jin Dynasty (265-420... Yamataikoku (é‚ªé¦¬å°å›½) was an ancient country in Japan, recorded in an old Chinese history book, Sanguo Zhi. ...

Japan was first introduced to Buddhism from Korea, but the subsequent development of Japanese Buddhism and Buddhist sculptures were primarily influenced by China.^[8] Despite early resistance, Buddhism was promoted by the ruling class and eventually gained growing acceptance since the Asuka period.^[9] This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Korea (Korean: í•œêµ in South Korea or ì¡°ì„ in North Korea, see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Japanese Buddhist priest c. ... The Buddha in Kamakura (1252). ... The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Yamato period. ...

The Nara period of the eighth century marked the first emergence of a strong central Japanese state, centered around an imperial court in the city of Heijō-kyō, or modern day Nara. In addition to the continuing adoption of Chinese administrative practices, the Nara period is characterized by the appearance of a nascent written literature with the completion of the massive chronicles Kojiki (712) and Nihonshoki (720).^[10] The Nara period ) of the history of Japan covers the years from about AD 710 to 784. ... The restored Suzakumon (gate) of Heijo Palace Heijo Palace ) in Nara, was the Imperial Palace of Japan during the Nara Period (710-784 CE). ... Nara ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. ... The Nara period ) of the history of Japan covers the years from about AD 710 to 784. ... Kojiki or Furukotofumi (å¤äº‹è¨˜), also known in English as the Records of Ancient Matters, is the oldest surviving historical book recounting events of ancient earth in the Japanese language. ... Nihonshoki (Japanese: æ—¥æœ¬æ›¸ç´€), sometimes translated as Chronicles of Japan, is the second oldest book of classical Japanese history. ...

In 784, Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Nagaokakyō for a brief ten-year period, before relocating it to Heian-kyō (modern day Kyoto) in 794, where it remained for more than a millennium.^[11] This marked the beginning of the Heian period, during which time a distinctly indigenous Japanese culture emerged, noted for its art, poetry and literature. Lady Murasaki's The Tale of Genji and the lyrics of modern Japan's national anthem, Kimi ga Yo were written during this time.^[12] Emperor Kanmu Emperor Kanmu ) (737â€“806) was the 50th imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. ... NagaokakyÅ ) was the capital of Japan from 784 to 794. ... Kyoto ) is a city in the central part of the island of HonshÅ«, Japan. ... The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Heian Period. ... Bronze statue of Amida Buddha at Kotokuin in Kamakura (1252 CE) Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient pottery, sculpture in wood and bronze, ink painting on silk and paper, and a myriad of other types of works of art. ... Grave of the Japanese poet Yosa Buson The best-known forms of Japanese poetry (outside Japan) are haiku and senryu. ... Japanese literature spans a period of almost two millennia. ... Murasaki Shikibu (紫 式部 Murasaki Shikibu, c. ... Ilustration of ch. ... Score of Kimi ga Yo Kimi ga Yo ), often translated as The Emperors Reign is Japans National Anthem, and is also one of the worlds shortest national anthems in current use. ...

Japan's feudal era was characterized by the emergence of a ruling class of warriors, the samurai. In 1185, following the defeat of the rival Taira clan, Minamoto no Yoritomo was appointed Shogun and established a base of power in Kamakura. After Yoritomo's death, the Hōjō clan came to rule as regents for the shoguns. Zen Buddhism was introduced from China in the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and became popular among the samurai class. The Kamakura shogunate managed to repel Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281, aided by a storm that the Japanese interpreted as a kamikaze, or Divine Wind. The Kamakura shogunate was eventually overthrown by Emperor Go-Daigo, who was soon himself defeated by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336.^[13] The succeeding Ashikaga shogunate failed to control the feudal warlords (daimyo), and a civil war erupted (the Ōnin War).^[14] Feudalism comes from the Late Latin word feudum, itself borrowed from a Germanic root *fehu, a commonly used term in the Middle Ages which means fief, or land held under certain obligations by feodati. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Taira (å¹³) is a Japanese surname. ... Portrait of Yoritomo (copy) Minamoto no Yoritomo May 9, 1147â€”February 9, 1199) was the founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan, who ruled from 1192 until 1199. ... Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate ShÅgun ) is supreme general of the samurai,a military rank and historical title in Japan. ... Kamakuras location in Japan Crowds of visitors in Kamakura (Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine) Great Buddha at KÅtoku-in Kamakura (Japanese: éŽŒå€‰å¸‚; -shi) is a city located in Kanagawa, Japan, about 50 km south-south-west of Tokyo (to which it is linked by the railway line to Yokosuka). ... The HÅjÅ clan (åŒ—æ¡æ°) in the history of Japan was a family of regents of the Kamakura Shogunate. ... Zen is a school of MahÄyÄna Buddhism notable for its emphasis on practice and experiential wisdomâ€”particularly as realized in the form of meditation known as zazenâ€”in the attainment of awakening. ... The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Kamakura Period. ... This wooden Kongorikishi statue was created during the Kamakura shogunate during 14th century Japan. ... Combatants Mongol Empire Japan Commanders Kublai Khan HÅjÅ Tokimune Strength 35,000 Mongol & Chinese soldiers and 18,000 Korean warriors 10,000 Casualties 16,000 killed before landed minimal Defensive wall at Hakata. ... Kamikaze (ç¥žé¢¨ kamikaze) is a Japanese word, usually translated as divine wind, beleived to be a gift from the gods. ... Emperor Go-Daigo (å¾Œé†é†å¤©çš‡ Go-Daigo TennÅ) (November 26, 1288 â€“ September 19, 1339) was the 96th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. ... Ashikaga Takauji 1305â€”June 7, 1358) was the founder and first shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate. ... The Ashikaga shogunate (Jp. ... Daimyo Matsudaira Katamori visits the residence of a retainer. ... Marker at location of outbreak of ÅŒnin War The ÅŒnin War (å¿œä»ã®ä¹± ÅŒnin no Ran) was a civil war from 1467 to 1477 during the Muromachi period in Japan. ...

During the sixteenth century, traders and missionaries from Portugal reached Japan for the first time, initiating the Nanban ("southern barbarian") period of active commercial and cultural exchange between Japan and the West. Two Mormon missionaries A missionary is traditionally defined as a propagator of religion who works to convert those outside that community; someone who proselytizes. ... The Nanban Trade Period (Jp:å—è›®è²¿æ˜“æ™‚ä»£, Lit. ...

Oda Nobunaga conquered numerous other daimyo by using European technology and firearms and had almost unified the nation when he was assassinated in 1582. Toyotomi Hideyoshi succeeded Nobunaga and united the nation in 1590. Hideyoshi invaded Korea twice, but following several defeats by Korean and Ming China forces and Hideyoshi's death, Japanese troops were withdrawn in 1598.^[15] This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A firearm is a kinetic energy weapon that fires either a single or multiple projectiles propelled at high velocity by the gases produced by action of the rapid confined burning of a propellant. ... Toyotomi Hideyoshi (Shinjitai (modern Japanese) writing: ; KyÅ«jitai (historical) writing: è±è‡£ç§€å‰; born Hiyoshi-maru ; coming of age (Genpuku) as Kinoshita TÅkichirÅ and later made Hashiba and martial nobility in the style of Hashiba Chikuzen no Kami Hideyoshi ;February 2, 1536 or March 26, 1537 â€“ September 18, 1598), was a Sengoku... Combatants Joseon Dynasty Korea, Ming Dynasty China Japan under Toyotomi Hideyoshi Commanders Korea: Yi Sun-sin, Gwon Yul, Won Gyun, Kim Myung Won, Yi Il, Sin Lip, Gwak Jae-u, Kim Shi-min China: Li Rusong , Li Rubai, Ma Gui , Qian Shi-zhen, Ren Ziqiang, Yang Yuan, Zhang Shijue, Chen... Ming China under the Yongle Emperor Capital Nanjing (1368-1421) Beijing (1421-1644) Language(s) Chinese Government Monarchy Emperor - 1368-1398 Hongwu Emperor - 1627-1644 Chongzhen Emperor History - Established in Nanjing January 23, 1368 - Fall of Beijing 1644 - End of the Southern Ming April, 1662 Population - 1393 est. ...

One of Japan's Red seal ships (1634), which were used for trade throughout Asia.

Samurai of the Satsuma clan during the Boshin war, circa 1867.

The 1945 atomic bombing of Nagasaki.

After Hideyoshi's death, Tokugawa Ieyasu utilized his position as regent for Hideyoshi's son Toyotomi Hideyori to gain political and military support. When open war broke out, he defeated rival clans in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Ieyasu was appointed shōgun in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate at Edo (modern Tokyo). The Tokugawa shogunate enacted a variety of measures to control the daimyo, among them the sankin kōtai policy. In 1639, the shogunate began the isolationist sakoku ("closed country") policy that spanned the two and a half centuries of tenuous political unity known as the Edo period. The study of Western sciences, known as rangaku, continued during this period through contacts with the Dutch enclave at Dejima in Nagasaki. The Edo period also gave rise to kokugaku, or literally "national studies", the study of Japan by the Japanese themselves.^[16] 1634 painting of a Red seal ship. ... 1634 painting of a Red seal ship. ... A 1634 Japanese Red seal ship, incorporating Western-style square and lateen sails, rudder and aft designs. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Satsuma-samurai-during-boshin-war-period. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Satsuma-samurai-during-boshin-war-period. ... Satsuma is the name of a town in Japan, Satsuma, Kagoshima, the surrounding district, Satsuma District, Kagoshima, the former province, Satsuma Province, which is now the western half of Kagoshima Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, a revolt, the Satsuma Rebellion. ... Combatants Imperial faction: Satsuma, ChÅshÅ«, Tosa Tokugawa Shogunate Commanders Ruler: Meiji Emperor, CIC: SaigÅ Takamori, Army: Kuroda Kiyotaka Shogunate: Ruler: Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Army: Katsu Kaishu, Navy: Enomoto Takeaki, Ezo Republic: President:Enomoto Takeaki, CIC: Otori Keisuke, Navy: Arai Ikunosuke Casualties ~1,000 killed ~2,000 killed Campaign map of... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1246x1468, 760 KB) if you look closely, you can see a japanese person in the bottom right corner TITLE: Mushroom cloud CALL NUMBER: POS 6 - U.S., no. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1246x1468, 760 KB) if you look closely, you can see a japanese person in the bottom right corner TITLE: Mushroom cloud CALL NUMBER: POS 6 - U.S., no. ... This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Nagasaki (Japanese: é•·å´Žå¸‚, Nagasaki-shi ) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ... Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu The Tokugawa clan crest This is a Japanese name; the family name is Tokugawa Tokugawa Ieyasu (previously spelled Iyeyasu) January 31, 1543 â€“ June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until... Grave of Toyotomi Clan at Mount Koya Toyotomi Hideyori (è±Šè‡£ ç§€é ¼ Toyotomi Hideyori), 1593-1615, was the son and designated successor of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the general who first united all of Japan. ... Combatants Forces loyal to Toyotomi Hideyori, many clans from Western Japan Forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Clans of Eastern Japan Commanders Ishida Mitsunari, MÅri Terumoto, others Tokugawa Ieyasu, others Strength 81,890 88,888 Casualties At least 40,000 dead Otani Yoshitsugu Shimazu Toyohisa Unknown; but not excessive The Battle... Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate ShÅgun ) is supreme general of the samurai,a military rank and historical title in Japan. ... The Tokugawa shogunate or Tokugawa bakufu (å¾³å·å¹•åºœ) (also known as the Edo bakufu) was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family until 1868. ... Edo (Japanese: , literally: bay-door, estuary, pronounced //), once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo. ... , literally Eastern capital) is a unique subnational administrative region of Japan with characteristics of both a prefecture and a city. ... The Tokugawa shogunate or Tokugawa bakufu (å¾³å·å¹•åºœ) (also known as the Edo bakufu) was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family until 1868. ... Daimyo Matsudaira Katamori visits the residence of a retainer. ... Tokiwa bashi on the Nagasaki Kaido in Kitakyushu, used for sankin kotai Sankin kÅtai (å‚å‹¤äº¤ä»£) was a policy of the shogunate during most of the Edo period of Japanese history. ... The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Seclusion. ... The Edo period ), also called Tokugawa period, is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868. ... Rangaku (蘭学) or Dutch Learning was the method by which Japan kept abreast of Western technology and medicine in the period when the country was closed to foreigners, 1641-1853, because of the Tokugawa shogunates policy of national isolation (sakoku). ... Dejima, also Deshima (å‡ºå³¶, literally protruding island) in modern Japanese, Desjima in Dutch, often latinised as Decima, was a fan-shaped artificial island in the bay of Nagasaki that was a Dutch trading post during Japans self-imposed isolation (sakoku) of the Edo period, from 1641 until 1853. ... Nagasaki (Japanese: é•·å´Žå¸‚, Nagasaki-shi ) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ... Kokugaku (å›½å¦; lit. ...

On March 31, 1854, Commodore Matthew Perry and the "Black Ships" of the United States Navy forced the opening of Japan to the outside world with the Convention of Kanagawa. The Boshin War of 1867–1868 led to the resignation of the shogunate, and the Meiji Restoration established a government centered around the emperor. Adopting Western political, judicial and military institutions, a parliamentary system modeled after the British parliament was introduced, with Itō Hirobumi as the first Prime Minister in 1882. Meiji era reforms transformed the Empire of Japan into an industrialized world power that embarked on a number of military conflicts to increase access to natural resources. After victories in the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), Japan gained control of Korea, Taiwan and the southern half of Sakhalin.^[17] March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (91st in leap years), with 275 days remaining. ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Matthew Calbraith Perry (1794-1858) Matthew Calbraith Perry (April 10, 1794 â€“ March 4, 1858) was the Commodore of the U.S. Navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. ... Japanese 1854 print describing Commodore Matthew Perrys Black Ships. The Black Ships (in Japanese, é»’èˆ¹, kurofune) was the name given to Western vessels arriving in Japan between the 15th and 19th centuries. ... {{ USN redirects here. ... On March 31, 1854, the Convention of Kanagawa (Japanese: 神奈川条約, Kanagawa Jōyaku, or 日米和親条約, Nichibei Washin Jōyaku) was used by Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy to force the opening of the Japanese ports of... Combatants Imperial faction: Satsuma, ChÅshÅ«, Tosa Tokugawa Shogunate Commanders Ruler: Meiji Emperor, CIC: SaigÅ Takamori, Army: Kuroda Kiyotaka Shogunate: Ruler: Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Army: Katsu Kaishu, Navy: Enomoto Takeaki, Ezo Republic: President:Enomoto Takeaki, CIC: Otori Keisuke, Navy: Arai Ikunosuke Casualties ~1,000 killed ~2,000 killed Campaign map of... The Meiji Restoration ), also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japans political and social structure. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Type Bicameral Houses House of Commons House of Lords Speaker of the House of Commons The Right Honourable Michael Martin MP Lord Speaker HÃ©lÃ¨ne Hayman, Baroness Hayman, PC Members 1377 (646 Commons, 731 Peers) Political groups (as of May 5, 2005 elections) Labour Party Conservative Party Liberal Democrats... ItÅ Hirobumi , 16 October 1841â€“26 October 1909, also called Hirofumi/Hakubun and Shunsuke in his youth) was a Japanese statesman, Resident-General of Korea, four times Prime Minister of Japan (the 1st, 5th, 7th and 10th) and genrÅ. ItÅ was assassinated by An Jung-geun, a Korean anti-Japanese... History of Japan Paleolithic Jomon Yayoi Yamato period ---Kofun period ---Asuka period Nara period Heian period Kamakura period Muromachi period Azuchi-Momoyama period ---Nanban period Edo period Meiji period Taisho period Showa period ---Japanese expansionism ---Occupied Japan ---Post-Occupation Japan Heisei The Meiji period (Japanese: Meiji Jidai 明治&#26178... Anthem Kimi ga Yo Imperial Reign Slogan: Fukoku Kyohei Enrich the Country, Strengthen the Military (a. ... In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. ... Combatants Qing Empire (China) Empire of Japan Commanders Li Hongzhang Yamagata Aritomo Strength 630,000 men Beiyang Army, Beiyang Fleet 240,000 men Imperial Japanese Army, Imperial Japanese Navy Casualties 35,000 dead or wounded 13,823 dead, 3,973 wounded The First Sino-Japanese War (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese... Combatants Russian Empire Empire of Japan Commanders Emperor Nicholas II Aleksey Kuropatkin Stepan Makarovâ€ Emperor Meiji Oyama Iwao Heihachiro Togo The Russoâ€“Japanese War , February 10, 1904 â€“ September 5, 1905) was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Japanese Empire over... Korea (Korean: í•œêµ in South Korea or ì¡°ì„ in North Korea, see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Sakhalin (Russian: , IPA: ; Japanese: æ¨ºå¤ª ) or ã‚µãƒãƒªãƒ³ )); Chinese: åº«é ; also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45Â°50 and 54Â°24 N. It is part of Russia and is its largest island, administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast. ...

The early twentieth century saw a brief period of "Taisho democracy" overshadowed by the rise of Japanese expansionism and militarization. World War I enabled Japan, which joined the side of the victorious Allies, to expand its influence and territorial holdings. Japan continued its expansionist policy by occupying Manchuria in 1931. As a result of international condemnation for this occupation, Japan resigned from the League of Nations two years later. In 1936, Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Nazi Germany, joining the Axis Powers in 1941.^[18] The TaishÅ period (Japanese: å¤§æ£æ™‚ä»£, TaishÅ-jidai, period of great righteousness) is a period in the history of Japan dating from 30 July 1912 to 25 December 1926. ... Flag of Japan adopted 1870, official 1999 Japanese Naval Ensign adopted 1889, re-adopted 1954 The Empire of Japan (大日本帝国; Dai Nippon Teikoku) was the official title of Japan before the end of World War II. The names Imperial Japan and Japanese Empire are also used. ... Militarism (military+-ism) is an ideology which claims that the military is the foundation of a societys security, and thereby claims to be its most important aspect. ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... The League of Nations was an international organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919-1920. ... The Anti-Comintern Pact was concluded between Nazi Germany and Japan on November 25, 1936. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

In 1937, Japan invaded other parts of China, precipitating the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), after which the United States placed an oil embargo on Japan.^[19] On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States naval base in Pearl Harbor and declared war on the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. This act brought the United States into World War II. After the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, along with the Soviet Union joining the war against it, Japan agreed to an unconditional surrender on August 15 (V-J Day).^[20] The war cost Japan millions of lives and left much of the country's industry and infrastructure destroyed. The International Military Tribunal for the Far East, was convened by the Allies (on May 3, 1946) to prosecute Japanese leaders for war crimes such as the Nanking Massacre.^[21] Combatants Republic of China Empire of Japan Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren, Xue Yue, Mao Zedong, Peng Dehuai Fumimaro Konoe, Hideki Tojo, Matsui Iwane, Jiro Minami, Kesago Nakajima, Toshizo Nishio, Yasuji Okamura, Umezu Yoshijiro Strength 5,600,000 4,100,000 (including 900... is the 341st day of the year (342nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Husband Kimmel Walter Short others Isoroku Yamamoto Chuichi Nagumo Tamon Yamaguchi Chuichi Hara Gunichi Mikawa Sentaro Omori others Strength 8 battleships, 8 cruisers, 29 destroyers, 9 submarines, ~50 other ships, ~390 aircraft 6 aircraft carriers, 9 destroyers, 2 battleships, 2 heavy cruisers, 1... This article is about the harbor in Hawaii. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The Japanese city of Hiroshima ) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the ChÅ«goku region of western HonshÅ«, the largest of Japans islands. ... Nagasaki (Japanese: é•·å´Žå¸‚, Nagasaki-shi ) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ... The Japanese representatives on board USS Missouri during the surrender ceremonies on 2 September 1945. ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 15 August 1945 marked Victory over Japan or VJ Day, taking a name similar to Victory in Europe Day, which was generally known as VE Day. ... President of the Tribunal, Sir William Webb, Justice of the High Court of Australia, presiding over the Tribunal in 1946. ... A representation of the changes in territory controlled by Allies and Axis powers over the course of the war. ... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Japanese war crimes occurred during the period of Japanese imperialism. ... For the 2007 documentary film about the Nanking Massacre, see Nanking (film). ...

In 1947, Japan adopted a new pacifist constitution emphasizing liberal democratic practices. Official American occupation lasted until 1952^[22] and Japan was granted membership in the United Nations in 1956. Under a subsequent program of aggressive industrial development aided by the US, Japan achieved spectacular growth to become the second largest economy in the world, with an annual growth rate averaging 10% for four decades. This ended in the mid-1990s when Japan suffered a major recession. Positive growth in the early twenty-first century has signaled a gradual recovery.^[23] Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes. ... Liberal democracy is a form of government. ... Capital Tokyo Language(s) Japanese Political structure Military occupation Military Governor of Japan - 1945-1951 Douglas MacArthur - 1951-1952 Matthew Ridgway Emperor - 1926-1989 Hirohito Historical era Post-WWII - Surrender of Japan August 15, 1945 - San Francisco Peace Treaty April 28, 1952 At the end of the Second World War... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Japanese Post-War Economic Miracle is the name given to the historical phenomenon of Japans record period of economic growth following World War II, spurred both by US investment and Japanese government economic interventionism in particular through their Ministry of International Trade and Industry. ...

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History