The Jat people (IAST: Jāṭ, Hindi: जाट, Punjabi: ਜੱਟ جاٹ, Urdu: جاٹ‎) of Northern India and Pakistan, are descendants of Indo-Aryan/Indo-Scythian tribes.^{[1] [2] [3]} The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ... Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी or हिंदी; IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in northern and central India, is the official language of the Union government of India [1][2]. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indic family, bounded on the northwest and west by Punjabi, Sindhi, Urdu, and Gujarati... Punjabi redirects here. ... (اردو), historically spelled Ordu, is an Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-Iranian branch, belonging to Indo-European family of languages. ... For other uses, see Kashmiri (disambiguation) Kashmiri is a Dardic language spoken primarily in Kashmir, an Asian region now split between India, Pakistan and China. ... Dogri is an Indic language spoken by some two million people in South Asia, chiefly in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir but also in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, other parts of Kashmir and elsewhere. ... SindhÄ« (सिन्धी, سنڌي) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia, which is now a province of Pakistan. ... GujarātÄ« is an Indo-Aryan language, part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... This article discusses the historical religious practices in the Vedic time period; see Dharmic religions for details of contemporary religious practices. ... Hinduism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is a religion that began in sixteenth century Northern India with the teachings of Nanak and nine successive human gurus. ... hi guys if you are reading this it means you are very gay and geekish so i suggest you get of this site ... Jaina redirects here. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... IAST, or International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration is the academic standard for writing the Sanskrit language with the Latin alphabet and very similar to National Library at Calcutta romanization standard being used with many Indic scripts. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... Punjabi redirects here. ... The phrase Zaban-e Urdu-e Mualla written in Urdu Urdu () is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Aryan family that developed under Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Hindi, and Sanskrit influence in South Asia during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire (1200-1800). ... The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ... The Indo-Aryans who make up around 74% of Indias population (Hindustani: इन्दो-आर्यन, اِندو آریایی) are a wide collection of peoples united by their common status as the ethno-linguistic descendents of the Indic branch of the ancient Indo-Iranians (also known as Aryans). ... Early anepigraphic coinage of the Indo-Scythians (c. ... http://www. ...

Jats were designated in a British report as a Martial Race^[4]. 'Martial Race' was a designation created by officials of British India to describe "races" (peoples) that were thought to possess qualities such as courage, loyalty, self sufficiency, physical strength, resilience, orderliness, hard working, fighting tenacity and military tactics. The British recruited heavily from these so-called 'Martial Races' for service in the colonial army^[5]. Martial Race or Martial races theory is an ideology based on the assumption that certain ethnic races were more martially inclined as opposed to the general populace or other races. ... British India (otherwise known as The British Raj) was a historical period during which most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, were under the colonial authority of the British Empire (Undivided India). ... Fortitudo, by Sandro Botticelli Courage, also known as fortitude, is the ability to confront fear, pain, danger, uncertainty or intimidation. ... Loyalty is faithfulness or devotion to a person or cause. ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... The magnitude of physical strength, often referred to as just strength, determines the ability of a person or animal to exert force on physical objects using muscles. ... For the band see Resilience (band) Resilience generally means the ability to recover from (or to resist being affected by) some shock, insult, or disturbance. ... Military tactics (Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army) is the collective name for methods of engaging and defeating an enemy in battle. ... Call-up ad inviting citizens to enlist in French Colonial Forces, after colonies of North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia) had been reconquered by the Allies in WW2. ...

Officer and soldier of the 10th Jat Regiment of the British Indian Army

Map of Jat distribution of India and Pakistan. Jats are mostly concentrated in greater Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat.

Image File history File links Jat_soldier. ... Image File history File links Jat_soldier. ... The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army. ... A group of native Indian muslim soldiers posing for volley firing orders. ... Image File history File links Jat_distribution. ... Image File history File links Jat_distribution. ... Punjab (or Panjab) may refer to: Punjab region, an area of South Asia shared by India and Pakistan Punjab (India), a state in India Punjab (Pakistan), the most populated province in Pakistan Haryana, a former part of Punjab Himachal Pradesh, a former part of Punjab A number of former states... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... For the capital of India, see New Delhi. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎, translation: Northern Province, IPA: ,  ), also popularly known by its abbreviation U.P. It is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Union of India. ... Madhya PradeÅ›   (HindÄ«: मध्य प्रदेश, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... This article is for the Indian state. ...

Distribution

In India, Jats inhabit the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat. In Pakistan, they are found mainly in the provinces of Punjab and Sindh. In large parts of these areas the Jats are the dominant land owner tribe, particularly in Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Large numbers of Jats also live overseas in many countries. This article is about the Indian state of Punjab. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... For the capital of India, see New Delhi. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎, translation: Northern Province, IPA: ,  ), also popularly known by its abbreviation U.P. It is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Union of India. ... Madhya PradeÅ›   (HindÄ«: मध्य प्रदेश, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... This article is for the Indian state. ... This article is about the Pakistani province of Punjab. ... Sindh (SindhÄ«: سنڌ, UrdÅ«: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Sindhis, and Muhajirs and various other groups. ...

The Jats are mostly landlords; however, they are also found in many other professions. Traditionally they have formed part of the land & gentry and ruling upper classes ^[6]. A landlord, is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called the tenant. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A social class is, at its most basic, a group of people that have similar social status. ...

A large number of Jats belong to the political classes and have produced many powerful leaders, including the 7th Prime Minister of India, Prime Minister Choudhary Charan Singh. Moreover, there have been many Jat Kings and warriors throughout history^[7]. A large number of Jats serve in the Indian Army, including the Jat Regiment, Rajputana Rifles, Sikh Regiment and the Grenadiers and have won many of the highest military awards for gallantry and bravery. Jats also serve in the Pakistan Army especially in the Punjab Regiment, where they have also been highly decorated. The Prime Minister of India is, in practice, the most powerful person in the government of India. ... This article is about the Indian Prime Minister. ... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ... The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army. ... The Rajputana Rifles are a regiment of the Indian Army, formerly the 6th Rajputana Rifles when part of the British Indian Army. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with The Sikh Regiment. ... The Grenadiers are a regiment of the Indian Army, and formerly the 4th Bombay Grenadiers when part of the British Indian Army. ... Bravery can mean: Courage, the human condition to confront pain and fear The Bravery, a rock band from the US The Bravery (album), the bands self-titled debut album This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Pakistan Army Flag The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... The Punjab Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Pakistan Army. ...

The Jats are the most prosperous in India on a per-capita basis and Jat regions (Haryana, Punjab, and Gujarat are the wealthiest of Indian states). ^[8]

Background

Theories of origin

There are many theories about the origin of the Jats. Jats are sometimes considered to be of Scythian (Saka), Indo-European, Indo-Iranian or Indo-Aryan stock in view of the similar physical features and common practices with one or the other of these groups. Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by an Indo-Aryans known as the Scythians. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with shakya. ... For the language group see Indo-European languages; for other uses see Indo-European (disambiguation) Indo-Europeans are speakers of Indo-European languages. ... Indo-Iranian can refer to: The Indo-Iranian languages The prehistoric Indo-Iranian people, see Aryan This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, thus belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. ...

Indo-Aryan origin

Main article: Indo-Aryan origin of Jats

The Indo-Aryan origin of Jats has been advocated on the basis of ethnological, physical and linguistic standards by many historians like E.B.Havell ^[9], Qanungo^[10], C.V.Vaidya^[11], Sir Herbert Risley ^[12], Thakur Deshraj^[13], Mangal Sen Jindal^[14]etc. The approximate extent of Iron Age (Vedic civilization) Aryavarta is highlighted The Indo-Aryan origin of Jats has been advocated by many historians on the basis of ethnological, physical and linguistic standards. ... Thakur Deshraj (1903-1970) was a social worker, nationalist and a historian of Rajasthan in India. ...

The Persian traveller Biruni stated that Lord Krishna was a Jat. ^[15] Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Biruni commemorated on a Soviet stamp for his millennial anniversary. ... Krishna (IAST , the Sanskrit for dark or black) (see below), is according to common Hindu tradition the eighth avatar of Vishnu. ...

The original home of Jats is possibly connected with the original home of Indo-Aryans, the Aryavarta (North & Central India), since the Jats are considered by many to be a tribe of largely Aryan origins. Jats are now preeminently a farming community. ... The Indo-Aryans who make up around 74% of Indias population (Hindustani: इन्दो-आर्यन, اِندو آریایی) are a wide collection of peoples united by their common status as the ethno-linguistic descendents of the Indic branch of the ancient Indo-Iranians (also known as Aryans). ... The vedic name for India, meaning Categories: Indo-European language stubs ... Aryan () is an English language word derived from the Sanskrit and Iranian terms ārya-, the extended form aryāna-, ari- and/or arya- (Sanskrit: आर्य, Persian: آریا). Beyond its use as the ethnic self-designation of the Proto-Indo-Iranians, the meaning noble/spiritual has been attached to it in Sanskrit and...

Indo-Scythian origin

Both Sir Alexander Cunnigham ^[1] and Col James Tod ^[2] agreed in considering the Jats to be of Indo-Scythian stock. The former identified them with the "Xanthi" of Strabo^[16] and the "Jatii" of Ptolemy^[17] and Pliny (in some manuscripts);^[18] and held that they probably entered the Punjab from their home on the Oxus very shortly after the Meds or Mands. These Meds or Mands, who he also considered to be Indo-Scythians, who moved into the Punjab about a century before Christ. The Jats seem to have first occupied the Indus valley as far down as Sindh, whither the Meds followed them about the beginning of the Common era. Sir Alexander Cunningham (23 January 1814–28 November 1893) was an English archaeologist and army engineer, known as the father of the Archaeological Survey of India. ... James Tod (1782-1835), British officer and Oriental scholar, was born on March 20 1782, and went to India as a cadet in the Bengal army in 1799. ... The Indo-Scythian King of Kings Azes II (c. ... The Greek geographer Strabo in a 16th century engraving. ... A medieval artists rendition of Claudius Ptolemaeus Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: ; c. ... There are two famous persons named Pliny: Pliny the Elder, a Roman nobleman, scientist and historian who died in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD The great-nephew of the former, Pliny the Younger, a statesman, orator, and writer who lived between 62 AD and 113 AD. This... The Amu Darya (in Persian آمودریا; Darya means river in Persian) rises in the Pamirs and flows mainly north-west through the Hindu Kush, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan to join the Aral Sea in a large river delta. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The Indus (सिन्‍धु नदी) (known as Sindhu in ancient times) is the principal river of Pakistan. ... Sindh (SindhÄ«: سنڌ, UrdÅ«: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Sindhis, and Muhajirs and various other groups. ... The Common Era (CE), sometimes known as the Current Era or as the Christian Era, is the period of measured time beginning with the year 1 on the Gregorian calendar. ...

Before the earliest Muslim conquests, the Jats had spread into Punjab proper, where they were firmly established by the beginning of the eleventh century. By the time of Babar, the Jats of the salt range had been in constant conflict with the Gakkhars, Awans and Janjuas. Tod classed the Jats as one of the great Rajput tribes; but here Cunningham differed from him holding the Rajputs to belong to the original Aryan stock, and the Jats to a late wave of immigrants from the north west, probably of Scythian race. A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... (10th century - 11th century - 12th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... Babar can refer to: Babar the Elephant The BaBar Experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Babur (also spelled Baber or Babar), 16th-century ruler of India and founder of the Mogul Empire Babar Island, an island of Indonesia Safir A Babar, This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid... // Earliest History of the Gakhars The Gakhars ( Gakkhars, Gurkkhars, Gurkhars) have been suggested, by the great British archaeologist Sir Alexander Cunningham to have been Indo-Sassanians in origin. ... There are several references to Awan: Awan was an Elamite dynasty of Iran. ... The young Janjua Raja Amir Khan in action The Janjua Rajput (Urdu: جنجوعہ, Hindi: जन्जुआ)(also spelt Janjuha, Janjuah) are one of the most dominant royal warrior clans of Punjab. ...

In Punjab Castes, Sir Denzil Ibbetson wrote:

" .... the original Rajput and the original Jat entered India at different in its history. But if they do originally represent to separate waves of immigration, it is at least exceedingly probable, both from there almost identical physique and facial character and from the close communion which has always existed between them, that they belong to one and the same ethnic stock; and it is almost certain that the joint Jat Rajput stock contains not a few tribes of aboriginal descent, though it is probably in the main Aryo-Scythian, if Scythian be not Aryan."

An ethnic group is a group of people who identify with one another, or are so identified by others, on the basis of a boundary that distinguishes them from other groups. ...

Common Indo-European Ancestry of Jats

Main article: Common Ancestry of Jatt Names

History shows that between 1000 to 3000 years ago a number of Central Asian tribes classified as Indo-Iranian/Indo-European/Indo-Aryan migrated into both Europe and South Asia. In both Europe and South Asia there are many surnames which are common. These common tribal names stayed intact in some places which were settled such as India due to a strong tradition of heritage preservation. Alternatively , these tribes may have originated from South Asia and spread into Central Asia. ^[19] Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Central Asia is a region of Asia. ... Indo-Iranian can refer to: The Indo-Iranian languages The prehistoric Indo-Iranian people, see Aryan This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For the language group see Indo-European languages; for other uses see Indo-European (disambiguation) Indo-Europeans are speakers of Indo-European languages. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, thus belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... This article is about the geopolitical region in Asia. ... This article is about the geopolitical region in Asia. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...

Jats in the Deva Samhitā

Deva Samhita is a collection of Sanskrit hymns in which it is mentioned that after the destruction of Daksha's sacrifice by Virabhadra and his ganas, the followers of Shiva, the defeated gods sought Brahma and asked his counsel. Brahma advised the gods to make their peace with Shiva. Shiva accepted his advice and restored the burnt head of Daksha and the broken limbs were made whole. Then the devas thanked Shiva for his gentleness, and invited him to sacrifice. There Daksha looked on him with reverence, the rite was duly performed, and there also Vishnu appeared. A compromise was achieved between Vaishnavas and followers of Shiva. Devasamhita records the discussion between Shiva and Parvati. Pārvatī asks Shiva about the origin of Jats, their antiquity and characters of Jats, Shiva tells her these things in form of shloka (verses) numbering from 12 - 17. Some relevant verses are given below. The Samhita (Sanskrit: joined or collected) is the basic text of each of the Vedas, comprising collections of hymns and ritual texts. ... In Hinduism, Daksha is an ancient creator god, one of the Prajapatis, the Rishis and the Adityas, and a son of Aditi and Brahma. ... In Hinduism, Virabhadra is a monster created by Shiva who eventually blinded Bhaga. ... In Hinduism, Ganas are attendants of Shiva and live in Kailasa. ... Pinaki redirects here. ... Vishnu (IAST , Devanagari , with honorific Shri Vishnu; , ), (also frequently referred to as Narayana) is the most popularly worshipped form of God in Hinduism [1]. Within the Vaishnava tradition he is viewed as the Ultimate Reality or Supreme God (similarly to Shiva within Shaivism). ... Vaishnavism is the branch of Hinduism in which Vishnu or one of his avatars (i. ... Pinaki redirects here. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Pinaki redirects here. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

There is mention of Jats in “Deva Samhitā” ^[20] in the form of powerful rulers over vast plains of Central Asia. For example in the 'Deva Samhitā' of Gorakh Sinha from the early medieval period, when Pārvatī asks Shiva about the origin of Jats, their antiquity and characters of Jats, Shiva tells her like this in sanskrit shloka-15 as under: The Samhita (Sanskrit: joined or collected) is the basic text of each of the Vedas, comprising collections of hymns and ritual texts. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Pinaki redirects here. ... Sanskrit ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

महाबला महावीर्या, महासत्य पराक्रमाः Mahābalā mahāvīryā, Mahāsatya parākramāḥ

सर्वाग्रे क्षत्रिया जट्‌टा देवकल्‍पा दृढ़-व्रता: Sarvāgre kshatriyā jattā Devakalpā dridh-vratāḥ || 15 ||

Meaning - "They are, like gods, firm of determination and of all the kshatriyā, the Jats are the prime rulers of the earth."

Shiva explains Parvati about the origin of Jats in Shloka –16 of Deva samhita as under: Kshatriya (Hindi: , from Sanskrit: , ) is the title of the princely military order in the Vedic society. ... Jatt refers to group of people who mainly lived in Punjab. ... Kshatriya (Hindi: , from Sanskrit: , ) is the title of the princely military order in the Vedic society. ... Pinaki redirects here. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

श्रृष्टेरादौ महामाये वीर भद्रस्य शक्तित: Shrishterādau mahāmāye Virabhadrasya shaktitaḥ

कन्यानां दक्षस्य गर्भे जाता जट्टा महेश्वरी Kanyānām Dakshasya garbhe jātā jatta maheshwarī. || 16 ||

Meaning – "In the beginning of the universe with the personification of the illusionary powers of Virabhadra and Daksha's daughtergana's womb originated the caste of Jats."

In the shloka-17 of 'Deva Samhitā' when Pārvatī asks about the origin of Jats, Shiva tells Parvati that: In Hinduism, Virabhadra is a monster created by Shiva who eventually blinded Bhaga. ... In Hinduism, Daksha is an ancient creator god, one of the Prajapatis, the Rishis and the Adityas, and a son of Aditi and Brahma. ... Jatt refers to group of people who mainly lived in Punjab. ... In Hinduism, Virabhadra is a monster created by Shiva who eventually blinded Bhaga. ... In Hinduism, Daksha is an ancient creator god, one of the Prajapatis, the Rishis and the Adityas, and a son of Aditi and Brahma. ... The Samhita (Sanskrit: joined or collected) is the basic text of each of the Vedas, comprising collections of hymns and ritual texts. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Pinaki redirects here. ...

गर्व खर्चोत्र विग्राणां देवानां च महेश्वरी Garva kharchotra vigrānam devānām cha maheshwarī

विचित्रं विस्‍मयं सत्‍वं पौराण कै साङ्गीपितं Vichitram vismayam satvam Pauran kai sāngīpitam || 17 ||

Meaning - "The history of origin of Jats is extremely wonderful and their antiquity glorious. The Pundits of history did not record their annals lest it should injure and impair their false pride and of the vipras and gods. We describe that realistic history before you."

Brahman (Devanagari: ब्रह्म ) in the Vedantic schools of Hindu philosophy, is the signifying name given to the concept of the unchanging, infinite, immanent and transcendent reality of all things in this universe. ...

Jats in Mahabharata period

Jats find a mention in most ancient Indian literature. Over sixty clans are named in the Rig Veda.^[21] In the Mahabharata as they are mentioned ‘Jartas’ in ‘Karna Parva’. The famous Sanskrit scholar Panini (traditionally dated 520-460 BCE, with estimates ranging from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE) has mentioned in his Sanskrit grammar known as Aṣṭādhyāyī in the form of shloka as जट झट संघाते or “Jat Jhat Sanghate”. This means that the terms 'Jat' and 'democratic federation' are synonymous. He has mentioned many Jat clans as settled in Punjab and North west areas. They are mentioned in the grammar treatise of Chandra of the fifth century in the phrase sentence अजय जर्टो हुणान or “Ajay Jarto Huṇān”, which refers to the defeat of Huns by the Jats under the leadership of Yasodharman. The inscriptions of Mandsaur and Bijayagadh indicate that Yasodharman, the ruler of Malwa, was a Jat of the Virk gotra ( clan). ^[22][23] - ^[24] The Rig Veda ऋग्वेद (Sanskrit ṛc praise + veda knowledge) is the earliest of the four Hindu religious scriptures known as the Vedas. ... Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra The (Devanagari: ), is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the . ... Sanskrit ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Panini can refer to: Pāṇini, the 5th century BC Sanskrit grammarian Panini (sandwich), a type of Italian sandwich Panini (stickers), a brand of collectible stickers Giovanni Paolo Panini, an Italian artist This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Sanskrit ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Democracy is a form of government under which the power to alter the laws and structures of government lies, ultimately, with the citizenry. ... A map displaying todays federations. ... This article is about the Hindu moon deity. ... (4th century - 5th century - 6th century - other centuries) Events Rome sacked by Visigoths in 410. ... Many historians consider the Huns (meaning person in Mongolian language) the first Mongolian and Turkic people mentioned in European history. ... Yasodharman was the king of Malwa, in central India, during the early part of the 6th century. ... Inscriptions are words or letters written, engraved, painted, or otherwise traced on a surface and can appear in contexts both small and monumental. ... Mandsaur or Mandsaor is a city in the Malwa region and district of Madhya Pradesh state of central India. ... Bayana is a historical town in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan in India. ... Yasodharman was the king of Malwa, in central India, during the early part of the 6th century. ... Malwa (Malvi:माळवा) is a region in western India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin in the western part of Madhya Pradesh state and the south-eastern part of Rajasthan. ... Virk (Urdu: ورک ) is a Jat gotra or clan. ... A gotra (lit. ... For other uses, see Clan (disambiguation). ...

Etymology

One theory about the origin of the word, 'Jat' is that it has originated from the Sanskrit language word “Gyat” . The Mahabharata mentions in chapter 25, shloka 26 that Lord Krishna founded a federation ‘Gana-sangha’ of the Andhak and Vrishni clans. This federation was known as ‘Gyati-sangh’. Over a period of time ‘Gyati’ became ‘Gyat’ and it changed to Jat.^[25] The Sanskrit language (Skt. ... Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra The (Devanagari: ), is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the . ... Krishna (IAST , the Sanskrit for dark or black) (see below), is according to common Hindu tradition the eighth avatar of Vishnu. ... A map displaying todays federations. ... In Hinduism, Ganas are attendants of Shiva and live in Kailasa. ... Sangha is a word in Pali or Sanskrit that can be translated roughly as association or assembly. It is commonly used in several senses to refer to Buddhist or Jain groups. ... Andhak or Antall or Aundh or Anlak is a gotra of Jats found in Haryana, India. ... Vrishni (वृषणि) was a descendent of Yadu in Yadav vansh. ... For other uses, see Clan (disambiguation). ...

Another popular theory of the word's origins is that Jat came from the word Gaut tribal name of some Indo-Aryan tribes of Central Asia (such as those which later became Gauts/Goths or Jutes and settled in Europe), which was written in Jattan Da Ithihas. It has also been mentioned by Bhim Singh Dahiya. ^[26] Jats have many surnames common to German people even today. Gautr, Gauti, Guti, Gothus and Geats are name forms based on the same Proto-Germanic root, * (see god). ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, thus belonging to the Indo-European family of languages. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... Gautr, Gauti, Guti, Gothus and Geats are name forms based on the same Proto-Germanic root, * (see god). ... Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche, is a highly romanticized portrait of the Goths as cavalrymen. ... Jutland peninsula The Jutes were a Germanic people who are believed to have originated from Jutland in modern Denmark and part of the Frisian coast. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... Bhim Singh Dahiya was a historian and civil servant belonging to the Indian Revenue Service (IRS). ...

According to the historian Ram Lal Hala, the word Jat is derived from word 'Yat'. There was a Chandra Vanshi king named Ushana (उशना), ancestor of Lord Krishna. Ushana was born after nine generations of Yadu. Ushana performed hundred Ashvamedha Yagyas and got the title of 'yat'. The word 'Yat' later changed to 'Jat'.^[27] Yat or Jat (, ) is the 32nd letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet and name of the sound represented by it. ... Chandra Vansh (the Lunar lineage) represents an ancient lineage of the Kshatriyas in India. ... Ushna (उशना) or Yat (याट) was a brave king in Yadava Vansh born after three generations of Maharaja Shashabindu, who was born after six generations of Yadu. ... Krishna (IAST , the Sanskrit for dark or black) (see below), is according to common Hindu tradition the eighth avatar of Vishnu. ... Yadu is the name of one of the five Aryan clans mentioned in the Rig Veda. ... The Ashvamedha ( horse sacrifice) is one of the most important royal rituals of Vedic religion, described in detail in the Yajurveda (TS 7. ... See Yajna and Yagyas ...

There are many variations of the term Jat. In the Punjab, the phonetic sound is "Jutt" or "Jatt."

Jats in Islamic History

The Jats of the lower Indus comprise both Jats and Rajputs, and the same rule applies to Las-Bela where descendants of former ruling races like the Sumra and the Samma of Sind and the Langah of Multan are found. At the time of the first appearance of the Arabs they found the whole of Makran in possession of Jats known by the Islamic Arabs as Zutts. Samma dynasty ruled in Sindh and parts of Punjab and Balochistan from 1351-1551 A.D. The Samma dynasty declined and was replaced by Arghun Dynasty. ... Langah (Urdu: لنگاہ) is a city in located in southern Punjab, Pakistan. ... It has been suggested that Hindu temples in Multan be merged into this article or section. ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are an ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... Makran is the southern region of Balochistan, in Iran and Pakistan along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. ...

According to a Hadith, Hazrat Abdulla Bin Masood, a companion of Muhammad saw some strangers with Muhammad and said that their features and physique were like those of Jats. ^[28] This indicates that Jats were in Arabia even during Muhammad's time. It is mentioned in the Abadis i.e., the authentic traditions of Prophet Mohammad compiled by Hazrat Imam Bukhari (d. 875 A.D - 256 A.H) that the Indian tribe of Jats had settled in Arabia before Prophet Mohammad’s times. Bukhari also tells us that an Indian Raja (king) sent a jar of ginger pickles to the Prophet. This shows that the Indian Jat Raja ruled an adjacent area.^[29] Furthur writing about the period of the Companions in his book "Al adab al Mufarrad" has stated that once when Hazrat Aisha (Muhammads's wife) fell ill, her nephews brought a Jat doctor for her treatment. We hear of them next when the Arab armies clashed with the Persian forces which were comprised of Jat soldiers as well. The Persian Command Hurmuz used Jat soldiers against Khalid ibn al-Walid in the battle of 'salasal' of 634 A.D (12 hijri). This was the first time that Jats were captured by the Arabs. They put forward certain conditions for joining the Arab armies which were accepted, and on embracing Islam they were associated with different Arab tribes. ^[30] This event proves that the first group of people from the Indian subcontinent to accept Islam were Jats who did it as early as 12 hijri (634 A.D) in the time of Hazrat `Umar ibn al-Khattāb. <sup>[31]</sup> For other persons named Muhammad, see Muhammad (name). ... The Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula is a mainly desert peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia and an important part of the greater Middle East. ... Muhammad Ibn Ismail Ibn Ibrahim Ibn al-Mughirah Ibn Bardizbah al-Bukhari &#1605;&#1581;&#1605;&#1583; &#1576;&#1606; &#1575;&#1587;&#1605;&#1575;&#1593;&#1610;&#1604; &#1576;&#1606; &#1575;&#1576;&#1585;&#1575;&#1607;&#1610;&#1605; &#1576;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1610;&#1585;&#1577; &#1576;&#1606; &#1576;&#1585;&#1583;&#1586;&#1576... The Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula is a mainly desert peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia and an important part of the greater Middle East. ... Aisha bint Abu Bakr (RA) (Arabic `āisha, she who lives, also transcribed as Aishah, Ayesha, Aisha, or Aisha, Turkish AyÅŸe etc. ... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau (Irān - Land of the Aryans[1]) and beyond. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar is the calendar used to date events in predominately Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Muslim holy days. ... For other uses, see Umar (disambiguation). ...

The Persian King Yazdgerd III had also sought the help of the Sind ruler who sent Jat soldiers and elephants which were used against the Arabs in the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah. Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Yazdgerd III (Persian: یزدگرد سوم, made by God), last king of Sassanid dynasty, a grandson of Khosrau II (590–628), who had been murdered by his son Kavadh II of Persia in 628, and was raised to the throne in 632 after a series of internal conflicts. ... The Battle of al-Qādisiyyah (in Arabic: معارك القادسيّة, alternate spellings: Qadisiyya, Qadisiyyah, Kadisiya) was the decisive engagement between the Arab Muslim army and the Sāsānian Persian army during the first period of Islamic expansion which resulted in the Islamic conquest of Iran. ...

According to Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (Tabari), Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib had employed Jats to guard Basra treasury during the battle of Jamal. Balamis 14th century Persian version of Universal History by al-Tabari Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Jarir at-Tabari 838–923 (father of Jafar, named Muhammad, son of Jarir from the province of Tabaristan, Arabic الطبري), was an author from Persia, one of the earliest, most prominent and famous Persian... Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘Alī ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ... Location of Basra Basra (Arabic: ‎ ; BGN: Al Başrah) is the second largest city of Iraq with an estimated population of 2,600,000 (2003). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

^[32] Amir Muawiya had settled them on the Syrian border to fight against the Romans. It is said that 4,000 Jats of Sind joined Mohammad Bin Qasim's army and fought against Raja Dahir. Sindhi Jats henceforth began to be regularly recruited in the Muslim armies. Leave this page if youre under 18!! - Page contains huge lies and hardly has any facts > it will surely misguide you! Uthman ibn Affan (Arabic: عثمان بن عفان) (c. ... Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘Alī ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... Sindhi refers to an ethnic group of people originating in Sindh which is part of present day Pakistan. ...

The line of rulership before Islam runs: Siharus, Raja Sahasi II, Chach, Raja Dahir. The first two were Buddhist Rajputs and the last two Hindu Brahmins.There is a difference of opinion among historians concerning the social dynamic between the Jatts and the Brahmins.Some historians suggest that the relationship was an adversarial one, with Brahmins using their high caste status to exploit and oppress the Jatts, Meds and Buddhists, who formed the bulk of the peasantry ^[33]. According to a quote by historian U.T Thakkur, "When Chach, the Brahmim chamberlain who usurped the throne of Rajput King Sahasi II went to Brahmanabad, he enjoined upon the Jats and Lohanas not to carry swords, avoid velvet or silken cloth, ride horses without saddles and walk about bare-headed and bare-footed" ^[34]. Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Siharus was the father of the last rajput ruler of Sind Raja Sahasi II and was a follower of Buddhism. ... This article or section may contain inappropriate or misinterpreted citations. ... Chach (632-671)[1] is the name of the Brahmin Chamberlain and Secretary to Rai Sahasi the Second, of the Rai Dynasty who succeeded him to the throne of Sindh. ... Raja Dahir was the brahmin ruler of Deol State situated in Sindh and parts of Punjab during the beggining of what would come to be known as the Islamic conquest of South Asia under the banner of Muhammad bin Qasim for the Umayyad Caliphate. ... A Rajput (possibly from Sanskrit r&#257;ja-putra, son of a king) is a member of a prominent caste who live throughout northern and central India, primarily in the northwestern state of Rajasthan. ... Young Indian brahmachari Brahmin A Brahmin (less often Brahman) is a member of the Hindu priestly caste. ... Meds is Placebos fifth album. ... Mansura (Arabic: منصورہ) was the capital of the Arab empire in Pakistan. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

However, Thakkur also writes that Hinduism and Buddhism existed side by side, suggesting a more complex dynamic between the endogamous groups. [The king followed early Hindusim, but a majority of his advisers were a mix of Buddhists,and other faiths. The ruler of Brahmanabad, a Jatt, also had professed Buddhism as his spiritual guide. Nonetheless, there was a strong sense of "ideological dualism" between them, which he wrote was the inherent weakness that the Arabs exploited in their favor when they invaded the region^[34].

It was because of this internal dissenion that that Muhammad bin Qasim received cooperation from some of the Buddhists as well as some of the Jats and Meds during his campaign in Sind [3](An advanced history of India by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Hemchandra Raychaudhuri; Kalikinkar Datta Delhi: Macmillan India, 1973) In fact he was hailed as deliverer by several sections of local population. The position of the Buddhists in Sind seeking support from outside can be read in the Chach Nama. Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (Arabic: محمد بن قاسم) (c. ... For the capital of India, see New Delhi. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... Chach Nama is a Muslim chronicle. ...

Sind had a large Buddhist population at this time but the ruler, Dahir, followed Brahminism, and to te Arabs was a Brahmin. It is said that the Buddhists been receiving constant information from their co-religionists in Afghanistan and Turkistan about the liberal treatment meted out to them by the Arab conquerors of those regions^[36]. Thus, bin-Qasim received cooperation from the Buddhist population ^[37]. The Buddhist ruler of Nerun (Hyderabad) had secret correspondence with Muhammad Bin Qasim. Similarly, Bajhra and Kaka Kolak, Buddhist Rajas of Sewastan, allied themselves with Muhammad Bin Qasim ^[38]. Türkistan (also spelled Turkistan or Turkestan) is a region in Central Asia, largely inhabited by Turkic people. ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Hyderabad or Haydarābād (Urdu: حيدر آباد) is located in the Sindh province of Pakistan (formerly known as Neroon Kot نيرُون ڪوٽ). Formerly the capital of Sindh and known as the city of perfumes, it is now a regional headquarter of the district of Hyderabad. ...

Ancient Jat Kingdoms

According to historians and scholars^[39] some ancient Jat kingdoms included those of:

• Chandragupta Maurya
• Ashok Maurya
• Samudragupta
• Chandragupta II
• Kaniska
• Yasodharman
• Harshavardhana

Allegiance: Magadhan Empire Rank: Emperor Succeeded by: Bindusara Maurya Reign: 322 BC-298 BC Place of birth: India Chandragupta Maurya (Sanskrit: चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य; Greek: Sandrakottos) (born c. ... Allegiance: Magadhan Empire Rank: Emperor Succeeded by: Dasaratha Maurya Reign: 273 BC-232 BC Place of birth: Pataliputra, India Battles/Wars Kalinga War Emperor Ashoka the Great (Devanagari: अशोक(:); IAST transliteration: , pronunciation: ) (304 BC–232 BC) (Imperial Title:Devanampiya Piyadassi ie He who is the beloved of the Gods who, in... Samudragupta, ruler of the Gupta Empire (c. ... Coins of Chandragupta II. The period of prominence of the Gupta dynasty is very often referred to as the Golden Age of India. ... Gold coin of Kanishka I (c. ... Yasodharman was the king of Malwa, in central India, during the early part of the 6th century. ... Harsha or Harshavardhana (606-648) was an Indian emperor who ruled northern India as paramount monarch for over forty years. ...

Rai Dynasty

The Jats of Balhara clan and the Rai Dynasty ruled Sindh and followed Buddhisms, Shaivism, Vaishnavism,Jainism. There were internal dissentions shortly before the invasion of the Arabs under Muhammad Bin Qasim. It is said 4000 Jatts supported Quasimand fought against the Raja Dahir. Balhara is a gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan. ... The Rai Dynasty rulers of Sindh were Buddhists of the Mauryan clan Balhara Jats. ... Sindh (Sindhī: سنڌ, Urdū: سندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Sindhis, and Muhajirs and various other groups. ... hi guys if you are reading this it means you are very gay and geekish so i suggest you get of this site ... Raja Dahir was the brahmin ruler of Deol State situated in Sindh and parts of Punjab during the beggining of what would come to be known as the Islamic conquest of South Asia under the banner of Muhammad bin Qasim for the Umayyad Caliphate. ...

During Raja Dahir's rule, he supplied the Persians with war elephants and Jatt soldiers who they used to fight against the Arab Muslims. Some captured Jatt soldiers may have converted to Islam and may have been employed in the armies and defenses of prominent Muslim leaders such as the Caliphs Ali and Muawiyah. Prophet Muhammad ( peace be upon him ) was the final prophet in Islam. ... Muawiyah I (602 - May 6, 680), early Muslim leader and founder of the great Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs. ...

Many Jats continued to resist, and a century later, Jatts would stage rebellions against the Abbasid Caliphs, even killing some of their Amirs. Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون, Abbāsīyūn) is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Arab Empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Spain. ...

Jat Kingdoms in Medieval India

Gohad

Main article: Gohad

Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana

According to the Rajputana Gazetteer, the Jagir of village Bamrauli near Agra, was transferred to the Chauhan and Kachwaha Rajputs of Bairath (near Alwar), during the rule of the Tomar Rajputs in Delhi in the 11th century. During Firuz Shah Tughluq's regime , his satrap in Agra, Muneer Mohammad, forced the Jats of Bamrauli to leave the village in 1367. The Bamraulia Jats moved to the region of Gwalior beyond the Chambal river. Gohad is a town of historical importance of Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Maharaja_Bhim_Singh_Rana. ... Image File history File links Maharaja_Bhim_Singh_Rana. ... A Jagir is a small territory granted by a ruler to an army chieftain (called a sardar in Marathi language) in recognition of his military service. ... Agra   (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎), (IPA: ) is a medevial city on the banks of the Yamuna River in India. ... Alwar or Ulwar was a princely state in India during the time of British rule, in what is now Rajasthan. ... District or region Santarém Mayor   - Party António Paiva PSD Area 351. ... For the capital of India, see New Delhi. ...