Jim Harris' 2006 election campaign photo.

James R. M. "Jim" Harris (born February 12, 1961) is a Canadian author, environmentalist, political activist and former political candidate. He was leader of the Green Party of Canada from 2003 to 2006, when he was succeeded by Elizabeth May. Image File history File links Jim_of_the_Greens. ... Image File history File links Jim_of_the_Greens. ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... The Green Party of Canada is a Canadian federal political party founded in 1983. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... -1... Elizabeth May at the June 21, 2006, leadership debate of the Green Party of Canada. ...

Early life and Green activism

Harris was born in Toronto, attended Lakefield College School, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and History from Queen's University in Kingston in the 1980s.^[1] Initially a Progressive Conservative,^[2] he was converted to green politics in 1985 after reading Green Politics by Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak, which highlights the rise of the German Greens. Harris worked as the national press officer of the British Green Party in 1987.^[3] To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Bachelor of Arts (B.A., BA or A.B.), from the Latin Artium Baccalaureus is an undergraduate bachelors degree awarded for either a course or a program in the liberal arts or the sciences, or both. ... Queens University, generally referred to simply as Queens, is a coeducational, non-sectarian, research-intensive university located in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. ... Murney Tower, Kingston. ... The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) (In French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) was a Canadian centre-right conservative political party that existed from 1867 to 2003. ... Green politics or Green ideology is the ideology of the Green Parties, mainly informed by environmentalism, ecology and sustainable economics and aimed at developing a sustainable society. ... Dr. Fritjof Capra – photo by Kate Mount Dr. Fritjof Capra, PhD. (born February 1, 1939) is an Austrian-born American physicist. ... Charlene Spretnak is an author, academic and feminist credited with pioneering work in ecological thought and social criticism. ... Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (literally: Alliance 90/The Greens), the German Green Party, is a political party in Germany whose regional predecessors were founded in the late 1970s as part of the new social movements. ... The Green Party was formed in 1973 as the Ecology Party. ...

He helped organize the Ontario Green Party's campaign in the 1990 provincial election, and was himself a candidate in the Toronto division of St. Andrew—St. Patrick.^[4] In this election, he spoke against a provincial government decision to build more nuclear reactors in the province.^[5] The Green Party fielded 40 candidates and received 33,000 votes, a significant increase from seven candidates and 3,000 votes in the previous 1987 election. Harris finished fourth in his constituency. The Green Party of Ontario (GPO) contests provincial elections in Ontario, Canada. ... As a result of serious scandals, David Petersons Liberal government was defeated by a large protest vote. ... St. ... Map of the 1987 election, showing the ridings and their popular vote The Ontario general election of 1987 was held on September 10, 1987, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, Canada. ...

Harris campaigned for Mayor of Toronto in the 1991 municipal election, as an independent candidate supporting green policies. He called for water conservation and a ban on city pesticide spraying, and supported stricter gun control.^[6] Considered a fringe candidate, he finished well behind frontrunners June Rowlands and Jack Layton. This is a list of mayors of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... The 1991 Toronto municipal election was held on November 12, 1991 to elect councillors in Metropolitan Toronto, and mayors, councillors and school trustees in Toronto, York, East York, North York, Scarborough and Etobicoke. ... June Rowlands was the 67th mayor of Toronto, Ontario, and the first woman to hold that office (beginning in 1991). ... John Gilbert Jack Layton, PC, MP, PhD (born July 18, 1950, in Hudson, Quebec) is a social democrat Canadian politician and current leader of Canadas New Democratic Party (since 2003). ...

In 1993, Harris and other Ontario Greens sought and won a change in the party's constitution allowing for the election of a full-time leader. The party had been nominally led by Katherine Mathewson in the 1990 election, but she held little influence over the campaign or policy. Harris and others argued that electing a full-time leader would allow the Green Party to organize professionally, and present a united message in future elections. Harris stood for the leadership, and lost to Frank de Jong. De Jong later supported Harris in his bid to become federal leader, while Harris endorsed de Jong's bid for re-election as provincial leader in 2001.^[7] Katherine Mathewson is a former candidate for political office in Ontario, Canada. ... Frank de Jong (born 1955 in Luther Township, northeast of Arthur, Ontario) is a Canadian politician and environmentalist. ...

Harris was a Toronto organizer for the federal Green Party for the 1993 election, recruiting seventeen candidates in the area. New legislation brought in before the election required a party to run 50 candidate or suffer de-registration and lose its assets. By fielding seventeen candidates in the Toronto region (which then had roughly twenty-two ridings) the Toronto team presented over one-third of the national requirement. Harris stood for election in St. Paul's, and finished sixth. Popular vote map with bar graphs showing seat totals in the provinces and territories. ... This article refers to the Canadian electoral district, for other uses see St. ...

Harris campaigned for leader of the Green Party of Canada in 1997, and finished second against Joan Russow.^[8] He was elected as the first president of the Green Party of Ontario in 2001, and served in that capacity until moving to the federal arena in 2003. 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Joan Elizabeth Russow is a noted Canadian peace activist and former leader of the Green Party of Canada. ...

Author and speaker

Harris has written six books, two of which have been national best-sellers in Canada. He also delivers speeches on change and leadership in the corporate sector, and was forced to miss at least one campaign appearance in 2004 to fulfill a prior speaking engagement.^[9] Association Magazine has ranked him as one of Canada's top speakers. He spoke at about fifty international conferences a year before becoming GPC leader, and conducts strategic planning sessions with executive teams on leadership, change, CRM, eLearning, innovation and creating learning organizations. Peter Senge defined a learning organization as human beings cooperating in dynamical systems (as defined in systemics) that are in a state of continuous adaptation and improvement. ...

His second book, The Learning Paradox, was nominated for the National Business Book Award in Canada and appeared on several bestseller lists. In this work, Harris argues that Canadians should embrace new learning to gain useable skills for a business community grounded in rapid technological change.^[10] Books for Business ranked it as one of the top-10 business books in North America. Harris co-authored the second edition of The 100 Best Companies to Work for in Canada, which sold over 50,000 copies in Canada. A more recent book, Blindsided!, has been published in over 80 countries.^[11] World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...

National leader

2004 campaign

Harris was elected leader of the Green Party of Canada on February 14, 2003, defeating Jason Crummey and John Grogan with over 81% of the votes cast by delegates.^[12] He replaced interim leader Chris Bradshaw, who led the party from 2001 to 2003. The Green Party of Canada is a Canadian federal political party founded in 1983. ... February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jason Crummey was a political candidate in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and twice sought the leadership of the Green Party of Canada. ... John Grogan, 51, has lived and worked in the Robson Valley, B.C. for the past 25 years. ... Christopher John (Chris) Bradshaw (born 1944 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian politician. ...

Harris attempted to shift the GPC away from an exclusively environmentalist message, and often described the party's ideology as socially progressive and fiscally conservative and the only party committed to sustainability.^[13] He has rejected the argument that voting for the Greens will elect Conservative candidates through vote-splitting, arguing that his party takes support from across the traditional political spectrum.^[14]

The party conducted a high-profile campaign in the 2004 election under Harris's leadership, running candidates in all federal ridings for the first time in its history. The 2004 GPC platform, produced by wiki technology called LivingPlatform. As such the GPC was the first party worldwide to use a wiki -- and an open process -- to develop its platform. More than 60,000 people participated in the final selection of platform planks. The Green Party of Canada Living Platform is a wiki used to employ participatory democracy in the writing of this political partys electoral platform. ...

The Living Platform emphasized full cost accounting, the "triple bottom line (social, financial, environmental) and the green tax shift.^[15] The party's fiscal policy proposed taxing polluting activities and non-renewable resources more and incomes less on a revenue-neutral basis. The plan also proposed selective tax cuts on corporate income, which alienated some left-of-centre Greens. Full cost accounting (FCA) generally refers to the process of collecting and presenting information (costs as well as advantages) for each proposed alternative when a decision is necessary. ... The triple bottom line captures an expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring organizational (and societal) success - economic, environmental and social. ... A green tax shift is a fiscal policy which lowers the taxes on income including wages and profit, and raises taxes on consumption, particularly the unsustainable consumption of non-renewable resources. ...

Despite their increased profile, Greens were not invited to the leadership debates. Harris complained of a double-standard, as the Bloc Québécois had been included despite not fielding candidates in all ridings. The CRTC defended the right of the broadcasters' consortium to decide on participants and refused to overturn the party's exclusion.^[16] The Bloc Québécois is a centre-left federal political party in Canada that is devoted to the promotion of sovereignty for Quebec. ...

On the eve of the 2004 election, Harris pointed out that the NDP with 6.9% of the vote in 1993 won nine seats, and if the Greens could match or surpass that threshold they would elect MPs.^[17] The party received 582,247 votes (4.3%), but failed to elect any candidates. Harris campaigned in Toronto—Danforth and finished fourth against New Democratic Party leader Jack Layton with 2,575 votes (5.4%) -- 400 votes behind the Conservative candidate. Toronto—Danforth in relation to the other Toronto ridings Toronto—Danforth (formerly Broadview—Greenwood) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 1979, and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1999. ... The New Democratic Party (NDP; Nouveau Parti démocratique in French) is a political party in Canada with a social democratic philosophy that contests elections at both the federal and provincial levels. ... John Gilbert Jack Layton, PC, MP, PhD (born July 18, 1950, in Hudson, Quebec) is a social democrat Canadian politician and current leader of Canadas New Democratic Party (since 2003). ...

Criticism and 2004 leadership challenge

Harris's leadership of the Green Party was controversial. He described himself as an ecological conservative and eco-capitalist, and attempted to shift the party to the right on some issues.^[18] Some party members criticized Harris in August 2004 for hiring David Scrymgeour, a former national director of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and aide to Jim Flaherty, as an advisor.^[19] His opponents also accused him of shifting too much authority to the party leadership, while reducing the power of local associations. Eco-capitalism is one of several strategies of the green movement and Green Parties. ... David Scrymgeour is a controversial Canadian political advisor. ... Hon. ...

Following the 2004 election, Harris was challenged for the leadership by Tom Manley, a prominent party activist from eastern Ontario. Manley argued that Harris was shifting the GPC too far to the right, and was abandoning the party's traditional emphasis on local production in favour of greater accommodation with corporate interests.^[20] Harris won re-election as GPC leader in August 2004, on the first ballot count though by a narrower margin than before.^[21] Manley was later appointed deputy leader, but left the GPC in 2005 to join the Liberals. Tom Manley (born 1960 in Berwick, Ontario) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party positioned at the centre of the political spectrum, combining a progressive social policy with moderate economics. ...

During Harris tenure as leader a number of prominent Greens tendered their resignations , with many accusing Harris of mismanaging the party.^[22]

Late in 2005, columnist Murray Dobbin wrote two articles accusing Harris of betraying the Green Party's progressive principles and using authoritarian methods to consolidate power. The second article, published in December 2005, noted that four of the party's eleven officers either resigned in protest or were suspended in the previous year, while a number of key positions were allowed to remain vacant. Dobbin also asserted that Harris's opponents believe he was responsible for undermining the "Living Platform", ignoring fundraising and policy development, and reducing party democracy.^[23]

Harris's supporters accused Dobbin of conducting a partisan smear campaign and of ignoring Harris's environmental credentials. Bill Hulet also defended Harris's efforts to reform the party structure, describing the existing system as an "absolute nightmare" because of consensus policy requirements that give small minorities the right to override majority decisions.^[24] Harris has defended his record as party leader, noting that membership increased significantly during his tenure rising from approximately 700 members in the summer of 2003 to over 10,000 on the eve of the 2006 Leadership Convention.^[25]

2006 campaign

As in 2004, Harris unsuccessfully called for the Green Party to be included in the televised leadership debates for the 2006 election.^[26] Three days before the election, he predicted that his party would win one million votes.^[27] The Greens increased their total to 665,940 votes (4.5%), but again failed to elect any candidates. Harris was a candidate in Beaches—East York, and finished fourth against Liberal incumbent Maria Minna. Rendition of party representation in the 39th Canadian parliament decided by this election. ... Beaches—East York is a political riding in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... The Honourable Maria Minna, PC (born March 14, 1948, Pofi, Italy) is a Canadian politician who represents the riding of Beaches—East York for the Liberal Party. ...

The GPC's internal divisions were revealed during the election when former assistant national organizer Matthew Pollesel who was fired by the party, accused Harris of mismanaging the party's finances. Pollesel charged that money had been spent without proper reporting, and called for Elections Canada to investigate possible wrongdoing.^[28] Harris described the accusation as "false, groundless and scurrilous" and indicated that he would sue Pollesel for libel, though no charges were ever formally brought forward.^[29] Dana Miller, a former party candidate who was rejected by party organizers as a candidate in 2006, later called on Elections Canada to investigate Harris's expenses from the 2004 leadership contest.^[30] Elections Canada is the non-partisan agency of the Government of Canada responsible for the conduct of federal elections and referendums. ... In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement of fact that injures someones reputation. ...

2006 leadership election

On April 24, 2006, Jim Harris announced that he would not stand for re-election as party leader at the Green Party of Canada's August 2006 National Convention.^[31] On August 26, 2006, he was succeeded as leader by long-time environmental activist and former Sierra Club of Canada Executive Director Elizabeth May. April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... -1... On March 29, 2006 it was announced, in accordance with the Green Party of Canada constitution that there would be a leadership contest held August 24-27, 2006 in Ottawa. ... August 26 is the 238th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (239th in leap years). ... -1... Sierra Club of/du Canada (SCC) is the Canadian affiliate of the United States-based Sierra Club. ... Elizabeth May at the June 21, 2006, leadership debate of the Green Party of Canada. ...

See Green Party of Canada leadership convention, 2006 On March 29, 2006 it was announced, in accordance with the Green Party of Canada constitution that there would be a leadership contest held August 24-27, 2006 in Ottawa. ...

Table of offices held

	Leaders of the Green Party of Canada (edit):
Trevor Hancock | Seymour Trieger | Kathryn Cholette | Chris Lea | Wendy Priesnitz | Harry Garfinkle | Joan Russow | Chris Bradshaw | Jim Harris | Elizabeth May

Christopher John (Chris) Bradshaw (born 1944 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian politician. ... The Green Party of Canada is a Canadian federal political party founded in 1983. ... Elizabeth May at the June 21, 2006, leadership debate of the Green Party of Canada. ... The WikiThanks may be awarded as a way to say thank you to other Wikipedians. ... The Green Party of Canada is a Canadian federal political party founded in 1983. ... Dr. Trevor Hancock was the first leader of the Green Party of Canada. ... Seymour Trieger was the second leader of the Green Party of Canada. ... Kathryn Cholette served as leader of the Green Party of Canada from 1988 to 1990. ... Chris Lea is a politician and political activist in Canada. ... Wendy Priesnitz is a Canadian alternative education advocate. ... Harry Garfinkle is a Green politician in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. ... Joan Elizabeth Russow is a noted Canadian peace activist and former leader of the Green Party of Canada. ... Christopher John (Chris) Bradshaw (born 1944 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian politician. ... Elizabeth May at the June 21, 2006, leadership debate of the Green Party of Canada. ...

External links

• Jim Harris' blog
• Green Party of Canada: Jim Harris
• Jim Harris' business web site
• CTV bio

Electoral record

The above results are taken from the Toronto Star newspaper, 14 November 1991, E8. Rendition of party representation in the 39th Canadian parliament decided by this election. ... Beaches—East York is a political riding in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party positioned at the centre of the political spectrum, combining a progressive social policy with moderate economics. ... The Honourable Maria Minna, PC (born March 14, 1948, Pofi, Italy) is a Canadian politician who represents the riding of Beaches—East York for the Liberal Party. ... The New Democratic Party (NDP; Nouveau Parti démocratique in French) is a political party in Canada with a social democratic philosophy that contests elections at both the federal and provincial levels. ... Prominent Ontario NDP member Marilyn Churley Marilyn Churley (born May 7, 1948 in Old Perlican, Newfoundland) is a Canadian politician, who represents the riding of Toronto—Danforth in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. ... The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a right-leaning conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ... Peter Conroy is predicted to win the upcoming federal election for the Beaches- East York Riding. ... The Green Party of Canada is a Canadian federal political party founded in 1983. ... The Progressive Canadian Party (PC Party) is a minor federal political party in Canada. ... The Progressive Canadian Party fielded several candidates in the 2006 federal election, none of whom were elected. ... The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) (CPC-ML) is a Canadian federal political party whose platform is the promotion of socialism. ... The Communist Party of Canada - Marxist-Leninist (CPC-ML) is fielding seventy-one candidates in the 2006 federal election. ... The Canadian federal election, 2004 (more formally, the 38th general election), was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... Toronto—Danforth in relation to the other Toronto ridings Toronto—Danforth (formerly Broadview—Greenwood) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 1979, and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1999. ... The New Democratic Party (NDP; Nouveau Parti démocratique in French) is a political party in Canada with a social democratic philosophy that contests elections at both the federal and provincial levels. ... John Gilbert Jack Layton, PC, MP, PhD (born July 18, 1950, in Hudson, Quebec) is a social democrat Canadian politician and current leader of Canadas New Democratic Party (since 2003). ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party positioned at the centre of the political spectrum, combining a progressive social policy with moderate economics. ... Dennis Joseph Mills (b. ... The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a right-leaning conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ... The Conservative Party of Canada ran a full slate of candidates in the 2004 federal election, and won 99 seats out of 308 to form the Official Opposition. ... The Green Party of Canada is a Canadian federal political party founded in 1983. ... The Marijuana Party is a Canadian federal political party that aims to end prohibition of cannabis. ... Scott Yee is a Canadian politician, political activist and perennial candidate for public office. ... The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) (CPC-ML) is a Canadian federal political party whose platform is the promotion of socialism. ... Marcell Rodden (born 1980) is a political activist in Toronto, Ontario and student in Equity Studies at the University of Toronto. ... 36th Parliament The Canadian federal election of 1997 was held on June 2, 1997, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ... Toronto Centre is a Canadian electoral district that covers the heart of downtown Toronto. ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party positioned at the centre of the political spectrum, combining a progressive social policy with moderate economics. ... Hon. ... The New Democratic Party (NDP; Nouveau Parti démocratique in French) is a political party in Canada with a social democratic philosophy that contests elections at both the federal and provincial levels. ... Rev. ... The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) (In French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) was a Canadian centre-right conservative political party that existed from 1867 to 2003. ... The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ran a full slate of candidates in the 1997 federal election, and won 20 seats out of 301 to emerge as the fifth-largest party in the Canadian House of Commons. ... The Reform Party of Canada was a Canadian federal political party founded in 1987. ... The Reform Party of Canada fielded several candidates in the 1997 federal election, and won 60 seats out of 301 to form the Official Opposition. ... The Green Party of Canada is a Canadian federal political party founded in 1983. ... The Canadian Action Party (CAP) is a canadian federal political party founded in 1997. ... The Canadian Action Party fielded a number of candidates in the 1997 federal election, none of whom were elected. ... The Natural Law Party of Canada was the Canadian branch of the international Natural Law Party, the political arm of Maharishi Mahesh Yogis Transcendental Meditation movement. ... Ronald J.D. Parker is a politician in Ontario, Canada. ... The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) (CPC-ML) is a Canadian federal political party whose platform is the promotion of socialism. ... The Communist Party of Canada - Marxist-Leninist ran several candidates in the 2004 federal election, none of whom were elected. ... Ted W. Culp is a Canadian linguist and political activist. ... Ted W. Culp is a Canadian linguist and political activist. ... Popular vote map with bar graphs showing seat totals in the provinces and territories. ... This article refers to the Canadian electoral district, for other uses see St. ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party positioned at the centre of the political spectrum, combining a progressive social policy with moderate economics. ... Barry R. Campbell (born June 15, 1950) is a Canadian politician and lawyer. ... The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) (In French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) was a Canadian centre-right conservative political party that existed from 1867 to 2003. ... Isabel Bassett (born 1939) is a Canadian broadcaster. ... The Reform Party of Canada was a Canadian federal political party founded in 1987. ... The Reform Party of Canada fielded candidates in every Canadian province except Quebec in the 1993 federal election. ... The New Democratic Party (NDP; Nouveau Parti démocratique in French) is a political party in Canada with a social democratic philosophy that contests elections at both the federal and provincial levels. ... The governing New Democratic Party of Ontario ran a full slate of candidates in the 1995 Ontario provincial election, and fell to third place status with 17 of 130 seats. ... The National Party was a short-lived Canadian political party that contested the 1993 Canadian election. ... The National Party of Canada ran a number of candidates in the 1993 federal election, none of whom were elected. ... The Green Party of Canada is a Canadian federal political party founded in 1983. ... The Natural Law Party of Canada was the Canadian branch of the international Natural Law Party, the political arm of Maharishi Mahesh Yogis Transcendental Meditation movement. ... The Natural Law Party of Canada ran several candidates in the 1993 federal election, none of whom were elected. ... Jim Conrad is a Canadian politician. ... The Libertarian Party of Canada is a minor political party in Canada that adheres to the philosophy of libertarianism. ... The Libertarian Party of Canada ran a number of candidates in the 1993 federal election, none of whom were elected. ... The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) (CPC-ML) is a Canadian federal political party whose platform is the promotion of socialism. ... The Communist Party of Canada - Marxist-Leninist ran several candidates in the 2004 federal election, none of whom were elected. ... The Abolitionist Party was a Canadian political party founded by perennial candidate John C. Turmel on a platform of: monetary reform, including the abolition of interest rates, abolishing income tax, the use of Local employment trading system banking, and introducing a form of social credit with monthly dividends being paid... The Abolitionist Party of Canada ran several candidates in the 1993 federal election, none of whom were elected. ... This is part of a series on Lyndon LaRouche and related people, organizations and issues. ... The Party for the Commonwealth of Canada fielded several candidates in the 1993 federal election, none of whom were elected. ... The 1991 Toronto municipal election was held on November 12, 1991 to elect councillors in Metropolitan Toronto, and mayors, councillors and school trustees in Toronto, York, East York, North York, Scarborough and Etobicoke. ... June Rowlands was the 67th mayor of Toronto, Ontario, and the first woman to hold that office (beginning in 1991). ... John Gilbert Jack Layton, PC, MP, PhD (born July 18, 1950, in Hudson, Quebec) is a social democrat Canadian politician and current leader of Canadas New Democratic Party (since 2003). ... Susan Fish (March 21, 1945—) is a former Canadian politician. ... Don Andrews (born 1942 as Vilim Zlomislic) is leader of the Nationalist Party of Canada and a perennial candidate for Mayor of Toronto. ... Ken Campbell (born January 19, 1934) is a Canadian fundamentalist Christian evangelist and political figure who was the final leader of the Social Credit Party of Canada from 1990 to 1993. ... Joe Young is a Canadian political activist. ... The 1991 Toronto municipal election was held on November 12, 1991 to elect councillors in Metropolitan Toronto, and mayors, councillors and school trustees in Toronto, York, East York, North York, Scarborough and Etobicoke. ... Ben Kerr is a Canadian author, broadcaster, musician and political candidate, who is most famous as one of Toronto, Ontarios quirky street performers. ... The Toronto Star is Canadas highest-circulation newspaper, though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within Ontario. ...

The federal and provincial electoral information is taken from Elections Canada and Elections Ontario. Italicized expenditures from elections after 1997 refer to submitted totals, and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available. Expenditures from 1997 refer to submitted totals. As a result of serious scandals, David Petersons Liberal government was defeated by a large protest vote. ... St. ... The Ontario New Democratic Party (formerly known as the Ontario Cooperative Commonwealth Federation) is a social democratic political party in Ontario, Canada. ... Zanana L. Akande (born 1937 in Toronto, Ontario) is a former Canadian politician. ... The Ontario Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party of Ontario) is a right-of-centre political party in Ontario, Canada. ... The Honourable Nancy Ruth, MA (born January 6, 1942 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian senator from Ontario. ... The Ontario Liberal Party is a center-right provincial political party in the province of Ontario, Canada. ... Ronald M. Kanter (born February 25, 1948 in Brantford, Ontario) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. ... The Green Party of Ontario (GPO) contests provincial elections in Ontario, Canada. ... The Ontario Libertarian Party is a political party in Ontario, Canada that was founded in 1975 as an offshoot of the Libertarian Party in the USA. It is inspired by the philosophical ideas of such authors and thinkers as Jan Narveson, anarcho-capitalist socio-economic ideas of Murray Rothbard. ... The Libertarian Party of Ontario (LPO) ran a number of candidates in the 1995 provincial election, none of whom were elected. ... Elections Canada is the non-partisan agency of the Government of Canada responsible for the conduct of federal elections and referendums. ... Elections Ontario is the non-partisan agency of the Government of Ontario, responsible for the conduct of provincial elections. ...

Footnotes