John Forbes Nash, Jr.
John Nash in 2006.
Born	June 13, 1928 (1928-06-13) (age 79) Bluefield, West Virginia, U.S.
Residence	USA
Nationality	United States
Fields	Mathematician
Institutions	Massachusetts Institute of Technology Princeton University
Alma mater	Carnegie Institute of Technology Princeton University
Doctoral advisor	Albert W. Tucker
Known for	Nash equilibrium Nash embedding theorem Algebraic geometry
Notable awards	Nobel Prize in Economics (1994)

John Forbes Nash, Jr. (born June 13, 1928), is an American mathematician who works in game theory, differential geometry, and partial differential equations, serving as a Senior Research Mathematician at Princeton University. He shared the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with game theorists Reinhard Selten and John Harsanyi. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (727x1000, 273 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): John Forbes Nash ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bluefield is a city located in Mercer County, West Virginia. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... “MIT” redirects here. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Alma mater is Latin for nourishing mother. It was used in ancient Rome as a title for the mother goddess, and in Medieval Christianity for the Virgin Mary. ... The Carnegie Institute of Technology (Carnegie Tech), the predecessor to Carnegie Mellon University, was founded in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie as the Carnegie Technical Schools. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Albert W. Tucker was chairman of the mathematics department at Princeton. ... In game theory, the Nash equilibrium (named after John Forbes Nash, who proposed it) is a kind of solution concept of a game involving two or more players, where no player has anything to gain by changing only his or her own strategy unilaterally. ... The Nash embedding theorems (or imbedding theorems), named after John Forbes Nash, state that every Riemannian manifold can be isometrically embedded in a Euclidean space Rn. ... Algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics which, as the name suggests, combines techniques of abstract algebra, especially commutative algebra, with the language and the problematics of geometry. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, commonly called the Nobel Prize in Economics, is a prize awarded each year for outstanding intellectual contributions in the field of economics. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Leonhard Euler, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ... Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that is often used in the context of economics. ... In mathematics, differential topology is the field dealing with differentiable functions on differentiable manifolds. ... In mathematics, and in particular analysis, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation involving partial derivatives of an unknown function. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[1] (Swedish: Sveriges Riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne), commonly called the Nobel Prize in Economics, or more acurately the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, is a prize awarded each year for outstanding intellectual... Reinhard Selten (born October 5, 1930) is a German economist. ... John Charles Harsanyi (Hungarian: Harsányi János) (born May 29, 1920 in Budapest, Hungary; died August 9, 2000 in Berkeley, California, United States) was a Hungarian- Australian-American economist and Nobel Laureate. ...

Nash is also the subject of the Hollywood movie, A Beautiful Mind, which was nominated for eight Oscars,^[1] and was based on the biography of the same name about him, his mathematical genius and his struggle with schizophrenia. ... A Beautiful Mind is a 2001 American biographical film about John Forbes Nash, the Nobel Laureate (Economics) mathematician. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ...

Early life

Nash was born and raised in the state of West Virginia. He was an avid reader of Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia, Life Magazine, and Time Magazine. Later he had a job at the Bluefield Daily Telegraph. Official language(s) English Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Largest metro area Charleston metro area Area  Ranked 41st  - Total 24,244 sq mi (62,809 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 240 miles (385 km)  - % water 0. ... Comptons Encyclopedia and Fact-Index is the title of an encyclopedia published in Chicago, Illinois since the 1920s. ... A cover of Life Magazine from 1911 Life has been the name of two notable magazines published in the United States. ... “TIME” redirects here. ... Nickname: Virginia’s Tallest Town Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: Country United States State Virginia County Tazewell Mayor James Jones Area    - City 7. ...

At the age of twelve, he was carrying out scientific experiments in his room. It was quite apparent at a young age that he did not like working with other people, preferring to do things alone. He returned the social rejection of his classmates with practical jokes and intellectual superiority, believing their dances and sports to be a distraction from his experiments and studies.

Martha, his younger sister, seems to have been a normal child, while John seemed different from other children. She wrote later in life: "Johnny was always different. [My parents] knew he was different. And they knew he was bright. He always wanted to do things his way. Mother insisted I do things for him, that I include him in my friendships... but I wasn't too keen on showing off my somewhat odd brother." ^[2]

In his autobiography, Nash notes that it was E.T. Bell's book, Men of Mathematics—in particular, the essay on Fermat—that first sparked his interest in mathematics. He attended classes at Bluefield College while still in high school. He later attended the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on a Westinghouse scholarship, where he studied first chemical engineering and later chemistry before switching to mathematics. He received both his bachelor's degree and his master's degree in 1948 while at the Carnegie Institute. Eric Temple Bell (February 7, 1883, Peterhead, Scotland - December 21, 1960, Watsonville, California) was a mathematician and science fiction author born in Scotland who lived in the USA from 1903 until his death. ... Men of Mathematics by E.T. Bell Men of Mathematics is a well-known book on the history of mathematics written by the mathematician E.T. Bell. ... Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat (August 17, 1601 – January 12, 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parliament of Toulouse and a mathematician who is given credit for the development of modern calculus. ... Bluefield College is a small religious college in Bluefield, Virginia. ... The Carnegie Institute of Technology (Carnegie Tech), the predecessor to Carnegie Mellon University, was founded in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie as the Carnegie Technical Schools. ... Carnegie Mellon University is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. ... Pittsburgh redirects here. ... A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

After graduation, Nash took a summer job in White Oak, Maryland, working on a Navy research project being run by Clifford Truesdell. White Oak is a census-designated place and an unincorporated area located in Montgomery County, Maryland. ... USN redirects here. ... Clifford Ambrose Truesdell III, (February 18, 1919 – January 14, 2000) was an American mathematician, natural philosopher, historian of mathematics, and polemicist. ...

Post-graduate life

In 1948, while applying to Princeton’s mathematics department, Nash's advisor and former Carnegie Tech professor, R.J. Duffin, wrote a letter of recommendation consisting of a single sentence: "This man is a genius."^[3] Though accepted by Harvard University, which had been his second choice because of what he perceived to be the institution's greater prestige and superior mathematics faculty, he was aggressively pursued by then chairman of the mathematics department at Princeton University, Solomon Lefschetz, whose offer of the John S. Kennedy fellowship was enough to convince him that Harvard valued him less.^[4] Thus, from White Oak he went to Princeton University, where he worked on his equilibrium theory. He earned a doctorate in 1950 with a dissertation on non-cooperative games. The thesis, which was written under the supervision of Albert W. Tucker, contained the definition and properties of what would later be called the Nash equilibrium. These studies led to three articles: Harvard redirects here. ... Solomon Lefschetz (3 September 1884-5 October 1972) was a U.S. mathematician who did fundamental work on algebraic topology, its applications to algebraic geometry, and the theory of non-linear ordinary differential equations. ... Princeton University is a private coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. ... In game theory, the Nash equilibrium (named after John Forbes Nash, who proposed it) is a kind of solution concept of a game involving two or more players, where no player has anything to gain by changing only his or her own strategy unilaterally. ... Albert W. Tucker was chairman of the mathematics department at Princeton. ... In game theory, the Nash equilibrium (named after John Forbes Nash, who proposed it) is a kind of solution concept of a game involving two or more players, where no player has anything to gain by changing only his or her own strategy unilaterally. ...

• "Equilibrium Points in N-person Games", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 36 (1950), 48–49. MR0031701
• "The Bargaining Problem", Econometrica 18 (1950), 155–162. MR0035977
• "Two-person Cooperative Games", Econometrica 21 (1953), 128–140. MR0053471

Nash also did important work in the area of algebraic geometry: The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, usually referred to as PNAS, is the official journal of the United States National Academy of Sciences. ... Mathematical Reviews is a scientific journal edited by the American Mathematical Society offering reviews of recent mathematical papers. ... Econometrica is a prestigious academic journal of economics, publishing articles in not only econometrics but in many areas of economics. ... Mathematical Reviews is a scientific journal edited by the American Mathematical Society offering reviews of recent mathematical papers. ... Econometrica is a prestigious academic journal of economics, publishing articles in not only econometrics but in many areas of economics. ... Mathematical Reviews is a scientific journal edited by the American Mathematical Society offering reviews of recent mathematical papers. ... Algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics which, as the name suggests, combines techniques of abstract algebra, especially commutative algebra, with the language and the problematics of geometry. ...

• "Real algebraic manifolds", Annals of Mathematics 56 (1952), 405–421. MR0050928 See also Proc. Internat. Congr. Math. (AMS, 1952, pp 516–517).

His most famous work in pure mathematics was the Nash embedding theorem, which showed that any abstract Riemannian manifold can be isometrically realized as a submanifold of Euclidean space. He also made contributions to the theory of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations. The Annals of Mathematics (ISSN 0003-486X), often just called Annals, is a bimonthly mathematics research journal published by Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study. ... Mathematical Reviews is a scientific journal edited by the American Mathematical Society offering reviews of recent mathematical papers. ... Broadly speaking, pure mathematics is mathematics motivated entirely for reasons other than application. ... The Nash embedding theorems (or imbedding theorems), named after John Forbes Nash, state that every Riemannian manifold can be isometrically embedded in a Euclidean space Rn. ... In Riemannian geometry, a Riemannian manifold is a real differentiable manifold in which each tangent space is equipped with an inner product in a manner which varies smoothly from point to point. ... In mathematics, an isometry, isometric isomorphism or congruence mapping is a distance-preserving isomorphism between metric spaces. ... Around 300 BC, the Greek mathematician Euclid laid down the rules of what has now come to be called Euclidean geometry, which is the study of the relationships between angles and distances in space. ... A parabolic partial differential equation is a second-order partial differential equation of the form in which the matrix has the determinant equal to 0. ...

In 1951, Nash went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a C. L. E. Moore Instructor in the mathematics faculty. There, he met Alicia López-Harrison de Lardé (born January 1, 1933), a physics student from El Salvador, whom he married in February 1957. Alicia admitted Nash to a mental hospital in 1959 for schizophrenia; their son, John Charles Martin Nash, was born soon afterwards, but remained nameless for a year because his mother felt that her husband should have a say in the name. “MIT” redirects here. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ...

Nash and Lopez-Harrison de Lardé divorced in 1963, but reunited in 1970, in a nonromantic relationship that resembled that of two unrelated housemates. Alicia referred to him as her "boarder" and said they lived "like two distantly related individuals under one roof," according to Sylvia Nasar's 1998 biography of Nash, A Beautiful Mind. The couple renewed their relationship after Nash won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994. They remarried June 1, 2001. Sylvia Nasar (born 1947 in Bavaria) is an American journalist and writer. ... A Beautiful Mind by Sylvia Nasar A Beautiful Mind is a biography of Bank of Sweden Prize winning economist and mathematician John Forbes Nash by Sylvia Nasar. ... The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, commonly called the Nobel Prize in Economics, is a prize awarded each year for outstanding intellectual contributions in the field of economics. ...

Nash had another son, John David (born June 19, 1953), with Eleanor Stier, but allegedly had little to do with the child or his mother. However, in a CBS 60 Minutes interview aired in March 2002, the mathematician denied that his relationship with his son from a previous relationship was "non-existent", that in fact he and John Stier are in contact and that Stier even received a share of the film's royalties. is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Schizophrenia

Nash began to show signs of schizophrenia in 1958. He became paranoid and was admitted into the McLean Hospital, April–May 1959, where he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and mild depression with low self-esteem. After a problematic stay in Paris and Geneva, Nash returned to Princeton in 1960. He remained in and out of mental hospitals until 1970, being given insulin shock therapy and antipsychotic medications, usually as a result of being committed rather than by his choice. After 1970, by his choice, he never took antipsychotic medication again. According to his biographer Nasar, he recovered gradually with the passage of time. Encouraged by his wife, Alicia, Nash worked in a communitarian setting where his eccentricities were accepted. McLean Hospital (pronounced Mc-Lane) is a psychiatric hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts, USA. It is noted for its clinical staff expertise and ground-breaking neuroscience research. ... On the Threshold of Eternity. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... For other uses, see Geneva (disambiguation). ... Insulin shock therapy is a treatment for schizophrenia, psychosis and drug addiction which involves injecting a patient with massive amounts of insulin, which causes convulsions and coma. ...

In campus legend, Nash became "The Phantom of Fine Hall" (Fine Hall is Princeton's mathematics center), a shadowy figure who would scribble arcane equations on blackboards in the middle of the night. The legend appears in a work of fiction based on Princeton life, The Mind-Body Problem, by Rebecca Goldstein. Incompleteness: The Proof and Paradox of Kurt Gödel by Rebecca Goldstein Rebecca Goldstein (née Newberger, born 1950) is an American novelist, philosopher and teacher. ...

Recognition and later career

In 1978, Nash was awarded the John von Neumann Theory Prize for his invention of non-cooperative equilibria, now called Nash equilibria. He won the Leroy P. Steele Prize in 1999. The John von Neumann Theory Prize of the Institute for Operations Research and Management Science (INFORMS, previously The Institute of Management Science, TIMS, and the Operations Research Society of America, ORSA) is awarded annually to an individual (or sometimes group) who have made fundamental and sustained contributions to theory in... In game theory, the Nash equilibrium (named after John Forbes Nash, who proposed it) is a kind of solution concept of a game involving two or more players, where no player has anything to gain by changing only his or her own strategy unilaterally. ... The Leroy P. Steele Prizes are awarded every year by the American Mathematical Society, for distinguished research work and writing in the field of mathematics. ...

In 1994, he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (along with two others), as a result of his game theory work as a Princeton graduate student. In the late 1980s, Nash had begun to use electronic mail to gradually link with working mathematicians who realized that he was "the" John Nash and that his new work had value. They formed part of the nucleus of a group that contacted the Bank of Sweden's Nobel award committee and were able to vouch for Nash's mental health ability to receive the award in recognition of his early work. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel[1] (Swedish: Sveriges Riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne), commonly called the Nobel Prize in Economics, or more acurately the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, is a prize awarded each year for outstanding intellectual...

Nash's recent work involves ventures in advanced game theory, including partial agency, that show that, as in his early career, he prefers to select his own path and problems. Between 1945 and 1996, he published 23 scientific studies.

Nash also created two popular games: Hex (independently created first in 1942 by Piet Hein), and So Long Sucker in 1950 with M. Hausner and Lloyd S. Shapley. Hex is a board game played on a hexagonal grid, theoretically of any size and several possible shapes, but traditionally as a 11x11 rhombus. ... Piet Hein (December 16, 1905 - April 18, 1996) was a scientist, mathematician, inventor, author, and poet, often writing under the Old Norse pseudonym Kumbel meaning tombstone. His short poems, gruks (or grooks), first started to appear in the daily newspaper Politiken shortly after the Nazi Occupation in April 1940 under... So Long Sucker is a board game which was invented in 1950 by John Forbes Nash, Mel Hausner, Lloyd S. Shapley and Martin Shubik. ... Lloyd Stowell Shapley (born June 2, 1923) is an American mathematician and economist. ...

Personal life

In 2002 aspects of Nash's personal life were brought to international attention when "mudslinging" ensued over screenwriter Akiva Goldsman's semifictional interpretation of Sylvia Nasar's biography of Nash's life in A Beautiful Mind in relation to the film of the same name.^[5] The movie A Beautiful Mind, nominated for eight Oscars,^[1] credits Goldsman under "written by" rather than "screenplay by" from the Writer's Guild as Goldsman's "omissions are glaring and peculiar, specifically Nash's homosexual experiences,^[6] his extramarital sexual activities,^[7][1] his racial attitudes and anti-Semitic remarks."^[8] Nash later claimed any anti-Semitic remarks must have been made while he was delirious.^[8] Mudslinging is the exchange of insults between candidates in an election. ... Akiva Goldsman (born July 7, 1962) is an American screenwriter, producer, and occasional actor in the motion picture industry. ... A Beautiful Mind by Sylvia Nasar A Beautiful Mind is a biography of Bank of Sweden Prize winning economist and mathematician John Forbes Nash by Sylvia Nasar. ... A Beautiful Mind is a 2001 American biographical film about John Forbes Nash, the Nobel Laureate (Economics) mathematician. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... The Writers Guild of America (WGA) is the collective bargaining representative, or labor union, for writers in the motion picture and television industries in the United States. ...

In the mid-1950s Nash was arrested in a Santa Monica restroom on a morals charge related to a gay sexual encounter and "subsequently lost his post at the RAND Corporation along with his security clearance."^[9][10] According to Nasar, "After this traumatic series of career-threatening events, he decided to marry."^[10] Santa Monica Pier Santa Monica is a coastal city located in Los Angeles County, California USA, by the Pacific Ocean, south of Pacific Palisades and Brentwood, west of Westwood, Los Angeles, and north of Venice. ... Alternate meanings: See RAND (disambiguation) The RAND Corporation is an American think tank first formed to offer research and analysis to the U.S. military. ...

Nasar stated about the film that the filmmakers had "invented a narrative that, while far from a literal telling, is true to the spirit of Nash's story."^[6] Others suggested that the material was "conveniently left out of the movie in order to make Nash more sympathetic,"^[11] possibly in an effort to more fully focus on the "debilitating longevity" of living with paranoid-schizophrenia on a day-to-day basis.^[11]

New York Times critic A. O. Scott pointed to a different perspective. Scott wrote of the Oscar scandal and the artistic choices made in the omissions as well as choices, such as casting actors, that have to be made that "the cold war in A Beautiful Mind in which the paranoia and uncertainty of McCarthy-era academic life is reduced to spy-movie clichés" smoothed over "and made palatable and familiar" a "difficult passage in American history."^[12] Thus the cold war's effects on Nash's life and career were left unexplored.^[12] Goldsman won the Oscar for "Adapted Writing".^[8] For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... McCarthy (a variant of MacCarthy) is a common surname that originated in Ireland and is in fact the most common of all the names which uses the prefix Mac or Mc, meaning son of. ...

References

USA Today is a national American daily newspaper published by the Gannett Company. ... is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... A Beautiful Mind by Sylvia Nasar A Beautiful Mind is a biography of Bank of Sweden Prize winning economist and mathematician John Forbes Nash by Sylvia Nasar. ... Jean-François Millet Le Semeur (The Sower) Simon & Schuster logo, circa 1961. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A Beautiful Mind by Sylvia Nasar A Beautiful Mind is a biography of Bank of Sweden Prize winning economist and mathematician John Forbes Nash by Sylvia Nasar. ... Jean-François Millet Le Semeur (The Sower) Simon & Schuster logo, circa 1961. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

John Forbes Nash

• Autobiography at the Nobel Prize website
• Nash's home page at Princeton
• Nash FAQ from Princeton's Mudd Library, including a copy of his dissertation in PDF format
• Video of Dr. Sylvia Nasar narrating the story of John Nash at MIT
• Beautiful mind, unconventional matter, a 2001 Daily Princetonian interview
• O'Connor, John J. & Robertson, Edmund F., "John Forbes Nash", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
• John Forbes Nash at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
• "A Brilliant Madness" - a PBS American Experience documentary
• John Nash speaks out about alleged omissions in film - Guardian Unlimited
• John Nash and "A Beautiful Mind" Written by John Milnor as a reaction to the book A Beautiful Mind – not the movie – and mostly focusing on his mathematical achievements.
• "John Forbes Nash, Jr.". John H. Lienhard. The Engines of Our Ingenuity. NPR. KUHF-FM Houston. 1994. No. 983. Transcript.
• Department of Economics - News
• John F. Nash presented in Freedom section
• Penn State's The 2003-2004 John M. Chemerda Lectures in Science: Dr. John F. Nash, Jr.