John Jay
1st Chief Justice of the United States
In office October 19, 1789 – June 29, 1795
Nominated by	George Washington
Preceded by	None
Succeeded by	John Rutledge
2nd Governor of New York
In office July 1, 1795 – June 30, 1801
Lieutenant	Stephen Van Rensselaer
Preceded by	George Clinton
Succeeded by	George Clinton
5th President of the Continental Congress 4th President of the Second Continental Congress
In office December 10, 1778 – September 27, 1779
Preceded by	Henry Laurens
Succeeded by	Samuel Huntington
Born	December 12, 1745(1745-12-12) New York, New York
Died	May 17, 1829 (aged 83) Westchester County, New York
Spouse	Sarah Livingston
Alma mater	King's College
Religion	Episcopalian

John Jay (December 12, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American politician, statesman, revolutionary, diplomat, and jurist. Considered one of the "founding fathers" of the United States, Jay served in the Continental Congress, and was elected President of that body. During and after the American Revolution, he was a minister (ambassador) to Spain and France, helping to fashion American foreign policy and to secure favorable peace terms from the British and French. He co-wrote the Federalist Papers with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. Jay served on the U.S. Supreme Court as the first Chief Justice of the United States from 1789 to 1795. In 1794 he negotiated the Jay Treaty with the British. A leader of the new Federalist party, Jay was elected Governor of New York state, 1795-1801. He was the leading opponent of slavery and the slave trade in New York. His first attempt to pass emancipation legislation failed in 1777, and failed again in 1785, but he succeeded in 1799, signing the law that eventually emancipated the slaves of New York; the last were freed before his death. Image File history File links John_Jay_(Gilbert_Stuart_portrait). ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 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The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Stephen Van Rensselaer III (November 1, 1764–January 26, 1839) was an American statesman, soldier, and land-owner, the heir to one of the greatest estates in the New York region at the time. ... George Clinton (July 26, 1739 – April 20, 1812) was an American soldier and politician. ... George Clinton (July 26, 1739 – April 20, 1812) was an American soldier and politician. ... The President of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress. ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence depicts the five-man drafting committee presenting the first draft of the Declaration of Independence to the Second Continental Congress. ... is the 344th day of the year (345th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 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Samuel Phillips Huntington (born April 18, 1927) is a political scientist known for his analysis of the relationship between the military and the civil government, his investigation of coup detats, and his thesis that the central political actors of the 21st century will be civilizations rather than nation-states. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... This article is about the state. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Westchester County is a primarily suburban county located in the U.S. state of New York with about 950,000 residents. ... This article is about the state. ... Alma mater is Latin for nourishing mother. It was used in ancient Rome as a title for the mother goddess, and in Medieval Christianity for the Virgin Mary. ... Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... This article is about the Episcopal Church in the United States. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States, by Howard Chandler Christy. ... The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen... An advertisement for The Federalist The Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution. ... Alexander Hamilton (November 20, 1755 or 1757 - July 12, 1804) was the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, lawyer, Founding Father, American politician, leading statesman, political economist,] financier, and political theorist. ... For other persons named James Madison, see James Madison (disambiguation). ... The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS[1]) is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial... The Treaty The Jay Treaty between the United States and Great Britain averted war, solved many issues left over from the Revolution, and opened ten years of peaceful trade in the midst of a large war. ... The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816, with remnants lasting into the 1830s. ...

Early life

John Jay was born on December 12, 1745, to a wealthy family of merchants in New York City. The Jay family was of French Huguenot origin, and was prominent in New York City. Jay had numerous rich and prominent ancestors and relatives including his maternal grandfather Jacobus Van Cortlandt. His great grandfather was Pierre Jay, who left France on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes when all his worldly property was confiscated because of his Protestant religion. is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... From the 16th to the 18th century the name Huguenot was applied to a member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France, historically known as the French Calvinists. ... Jacobus Van Cortlandt was a merchant and Mayor of New York City from 1710 to 1711 and again from 1719 to 1720. ...

John Jay attended King's College, the forerunner of today's Columbia University, and began the practice of law in 1768 in partnership with his relative by marriage, Robert Livingston. A successful lawyer, Jay also engaged in land speculation. His first public role came as secretary to the New York committee of correspondence, where he represented the conservative faction that was interested in protecting property rights and in preserving the rule of law while resisting British violations of American rights. This faction feared the prospect of "mob rule". He believed the British tax measures were wrong and thought Americans were morally and legally justified in resisting them, but as a delegate to the First Continental Congress in 1774 he sided with those who wanted conciliation with Parliament. Events such as the burning of Norfolk, Virginia, by British troops in January 1776 pushed Jay to support independence. With the outbreak of war, he worked tirelessly for the revolutionary cause and acted to suppress the Loyalists. Thus Jay evolved into first a moderate, and then an ardent Patriot, once he realized that all the colonies' efforts at reconciliation with Britain were fruitless, and that the struggle for independence which became the American Revolution was inevitable.^[1] Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Committee of correspondence (disambiguation). ... This article concerns Patriots in the American Revolutionary War. ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen...

His Roles in the American Revolution

Having established a reputation as a “reasonable moderate” in New York, Jay was elected to serve as delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses which debated whether the colonies should declare independence. He attempted to reconcile America with Britain, up until the Declaration of Independence. Jay's views became more radical as events unfolded; he became an ardent Patriot and was influential in moving New York towards independence. The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... The United States Declaration of Independence was an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were Free and Independent States and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to...

Jay did not attend the Continental Congress as it debated the independence; he was needed back in New York. There he was quite busy:

• He was a member of New York City's Committee of Sixty.
• He served in the New York Provincial Congress and drafted the first state constitution.
• He served on the committee of correspondence which was attempting to coordinate the rebellious activities of the various colonial states with the actual fighting in Massachusetts.
• He served on the committee to detect and defeat conspiracies. This committee was active in gathering intelligence on British actions and in counter-intelligence about "loyalist" activities.
• He served as the first chief justice of the New York Supreme Court from April 1777 to December 1778

Finally, John Jay served as President of the Continental Congress from December 10, 1778 to September 28, 1779. The Continental Congress turned to John Jay, an adversary of the previous president Henry Laurens, only three days after Jay become a delegate and elected him President of the Continental Congress. Eight states voted for Jay and four for Laurens. The New York Provincial Congress was an organization formed by rebels in 1775, during the American Revolution, as a replacement for the Province of New York Assembly, and as a replacement for the Committee of Sixty. ... The first Constitution of New York was ratified April 20, 1777. ... The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the basic New York State trial court of general jurisidiction. ... is the 344th day of the year (345th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1778 (MDCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Henry Laurens Henry Laurens (1724–1792) was an American merchant and rice planter from South Carolina who became a political leader during the Revolutionary War. ...

Diplomat

On 27 September 1779, Jay resigned his office as President and was appointed Minister to Spain. He was later appointed as one of the commissioners to negotiate a peace treaty with Great Britain. He was one of the most important diplomats of the new nation, as minister plenipotentiary to Spain, and later as peace commissioner (in which he negotiated treaties with Spain and France). In many ways, John Jay played an indispensable role as an American Patriot during the Revolutionary War and afterwards. As one of the most scholarly and dedicated of the “founders” of the United States, he was one of the three or four most important diplomats in “winning the peace.” is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1779 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Slavery

Jay was a leader against slavery after 1777, when he drafted a state law to abolish slavery; it failed as did a second attempt in 1785.^[2] Jay was the founder and president of the New York Manumission Society, in 1785. The Society organized boycotts against newpapers and merchants in the slave trade, and provided legal counsel for free blacks claimed as slaves.^[3] The Society helped enact the gradual emancipation of slaves in New York in 1799, which Jay signed into law as governor. The New York Manumission Society was an early American organization founded in 1785 to promote the abolition of African slaves in the state of New York. ...

Jay was pushing at an open door; every member of the New York legislature (but one) had voted for some form of emancipation in 1785; they had differed on what rights to give the free blacks afterwards. Aaron Burr both supported this bill, and introduced an amendment calling for immediate abolition. The 1799 bill settled the matter by guaranteeing no rights at all. The 1799 "An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery" provided that, from July 4th of that year, all children born to slave parents would be free (subject only to apprenticeship) and that slave exports would be prohibited. These same children would be required to serve the mother’s owner until age twenty-eight for males and age twenty-five for females. The law thus defined a type of indentured servant while slating them for eventual freedom.^[4] The last slaves were emancipated by July 4, 1827; the process may perhaps have been the largest emancipation in North America before 1861,^[5] except for the British Army's recruitment of runaway slaves during the American Revolution.^[6] In the close 1792 election, Jay's antislavery work hurt his election chances in upstate New York Dutch areas, where slavery was still practiced.^[7] In 1794 Jay angered southern slaveowners when, in the process of negotiating the Jay Treaty with the British, he dropped their demands for compensation for slaves owned by patriots who had been captured and carried away during the Revolution. This article discusses Aaron Burr (1756-1836), the U.S. politician. ... John Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, showing the five-man committee in charge of drafting the Declaration in 1776 as it presents its work to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia The American Revolution refers to the period during the last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen...

Jay made a practice of buying slaves, and then freeing them when they were adults and he judged their labors had been a reasonable return on their price; he owned eight in 1798, the year before the emancipation act was passed. ^[8]

Secretary of Foreign Affairs

In 1784-90, Jay served as the second Secretary of Foreign Affairs, an office which after 1789 became Secretary of State. He sought to establish a strong and durable American foreign policy: to seek the recognition of the young independent nation by powerful and established foreign European powers; to establish a stable American currency and credit supported at first by financial loans from European banks; to pay back America's creditors and to quickly pay off the country's heavy War-debt; to secure the infant nation's territorial boundaries under the most-advantageous terms possible and against possible incursions by the Indians, Spanish, the French and the English; to solve regional difficulties among the colonies themselves; to secure Newfoundland fishing rights; to establish a robust maritime trade for American goods with new economic trading partners; to protect American trading vessels against piracy; to preserve America's reputation at home and abroad; and to hold the country together politically under the fledgling Articles of Confederation. The United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs was a position that existed in the United States government from January 10, 1781 to September 15, 1789. ... The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. ... The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, commonly known as the Articles of Confederation, was the first governing document, or constitution, of the United States of America. ...

Jay's heavy responsibility was not, however, matched by a commensurate level of authority, which helped to convince him that the national government under the Articles of Confederation was unworkable. Thus, he joined Alexander Hamilton and James Madison in attacking the Articles. He argued in his Address to the People of the State of New-York, on the Subject of the Federal Constitution that the Articles of Confederation were too weak and ineffective a form of government. He contended that: Alexander Hamilton (November 20, 1755 or 1757 - July 12, 1804) was the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, lawyer, Founding Father, American politician, leading statesman, political economist,] financier, and political theorist. ... For other persons named James Madison, see James Madison (disambiguation). ...

[The Congress under the Articles of Confederation] may make war, but are not empowered to raise men or money to carry it on—they may make peace, but without power to see the terms of it observed—they may form alliances, but without ability to comply with the stipulations on their part—they may enter into treaties of commerce, but without power to inforce them at home or abroad…—In short, they may consult, and deliberate, and recommend, and make requisitions, and they who please may regard them.

Kaminsky (2002) argues that Jay was the de facto "prime minister" with the primary goal of strengthening the fledgling national government. Jay believed that both at home and abroad Americans must adhere to moral principles, among them honesty, patriotism, duty, and hard work along with obedience to God's will. At the same time, he advocated economic and military strength for the United States and worked to avoid crippling foreign entanglements. Through his domestic policies, Jay hoped to remake Congress into a House of Commons. The weakness of Congress under the Articles, however, frustrated Jay, and by 1786 he became pessimistic about America's future.

During the Transition from Confederation to Constitutional government, Jay continued to serve as Secretary of Foreign Affairs well into the first administration of George Washington, in fact, remaining in office until Thomas Jefferson returned from France on March 22, 1790. Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ... is the 81st day of the year (82nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1790 (MDCCXC) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Federalist Papers 1788

Jay did not attend the Constitutional Convention, but he joined Hamilton and Madison in aggressively arguing in favor of the creation of a new and more powerful, centralized, but nonetheless balanced system of government. Writing under the shared pseudonym of "Publius", they articulated this vision in the Federalist Papers, a series of eighty-five articles, written to persuade the citizenry to ratify the proposed Constitution of the United States. Jay wrote five of these articles: This article discusses the history of the United States Constitution. ... An advertisement for The Federalist The Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution. ... Page I of the Constitution of the United States of America Page II of the United States Constitution Page III of the United States Constitution Page IV of the United States Constitution The Syng inkstand, with which the Constitution was signed The Constitution of the United States is the supreme...

• Federalist #2 Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence
• Federalist #3 Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence (continued)
• Federalist #4 Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence (continued)
• Federalist #5 Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence (continued)
• Federalist #64 The Powers of the Senate

Jay's essays were shaped most powerfully by his training as a lawyer and his deep grasp of the importance of the figure of the lawgiver in the tradition of republican political thought. Jay combined such elements with a Christian aesthetic vision glorifying the idea of national union, a rhetorical synthesis central to The Federalist's popular appeal in political debate.^[9]

The Jay Court, 1789-1795

In 1789, George Washington nominated Jay as the first Chief Justice of the United States. As chief justice from 1789-95, John Jay was instrumental in establishing the internal procedures of the Supreme Court and setting legal precedents. Jay's most notable case was Chisholm v. Georgia (1793), in which Jay and the court affirmed that some of the state's sovereignty was subordinate to the United States Constitution. Unfavorable reaction to the decision led to adoption of the Eleventh Amendment which denied federal courts authority in suits against a state by citizens of a different state or by subjects or citizens of a foreign state. Jay's decision set the groundwork for judicial review under Chief Justice John Marshall in the early 1800s.^[10] George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial... Holding Article III, Section 2s grant of federal jurisdiction over suits between a State and Citizens of another State abrogated the States sovereign immunity recognized at common law, thus allowing a private individual to hale a State into federal court. ... Amendment XI in the National Archives Amendment XI (the Eleventh Amendment) of the United States Constitution was passed by the U.S. Congress on March 4, 1794, and was ratified on February 7, 1795. ... For other persons named John Marshall, see John Marshall (disambiguation). ...

In 1792, he was the Federalist candidate for governor of New York, but was defeated by Democratic-Republican George Clinton. John Jay received more votes than George Clinton, but on technicalities the votes of Otsego, Tioga and Clinton counties were disqualified and not counted, giving George Clinton a slight majority. The state constitution said that the cast votes shall be delivered to the secretary of state "by the sheriff or his deputy", but, for example, Otsego County Sheriff Smith's term had expired, so at the time of the election, the sheriff's office had been legally vacant, and the votes could not be brought to the state capital by anybody legally authorized. Clinton partisans in the state legislature, in state courts and federal offices were adamant to accept any argument that this would in practice subtract the constitutional right to vote from the voters in these counties, and these votes were disqualified.^[11] ... The governor of New York is elected for a four-year term on a joint ticket with the lieutenant governor. ... The Democratic-Republican Party was founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in 1792. ... George Clinton (July 26, 1739 – April 20, 1812) was an American soldier and politician. ... Otsego County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. ... Tioga County is a county located in the state of New York. ... Clinton County is a county located in the state of New York. ... Secretary of State is an official in the state governments of 47 of the 50 states of the United States. ...

The Jay Treaty of 1794 with Britain

Relations with Britain verged on war in 1794. Madison proposed a trade war, "A direct system of commercial hostility with Great Britain," assuming that Britain was so weakened by its war with France that it would agree to American terms and not declare war. ^[12] Washington rejected that policy and sent Jay as a special envoy to Great Britain to negotiate a new treaty; Jay remained Chief Justice. Alexander Hamilton, always a close collaborator with Jay, selected Jay and wrote the instructions. The main goals were to avert war with Britain, settle financial and boundary issues left over from the Revolution, open trading opportunities with British colonies in the Caribbean, and establish friendly relations with America's chief trading partner. Jay achieved those goals in the Jay Treaty. The British also achieved their main goal, which was to keep the U.S. neutral in the ongoing war between Britain and France. Jay thought, and Washington agreed, that it was the best treaty he could negotiate, and Washington signed it. The Senate, however, would ratify only if a provision restricting American shipment of cotton were removed. When Washington consulted the British minister, it turned out that the British had no objection to removing the clause. Bradford Perkins ^[13] wonders if a "more astute" negotiator might not have gotten better terms in the first place. The treaty did not resolve American grievances about neutral shipping rights and impressment, Elkins and McKitrick concluded that Britain would never have agreed to the neutral rights that Jefferson and Madison sought, and that apart from Jay "no other American could have got anything nearly as good."^[14] Alexander Hamilton (November 20, 1755 or 1757 - July 12, 1804) was the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, lawyer, Founding Father, American politician, leading statesman, political economist,] financier, and political theorist. ... The Treaty The Jay Treaty between the United States and Great Britain averted war, solved many issues left over from the Revolution, and opened ten years of peaceful trade in the midst of a large war. ... Look up Impressment in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The Republicans (not the modern Republican Party, and in fact would later become the Democratic Party) denounced the treaty up and down the land, but Jay, as Chief Justice, decided not to take part in the debates.^[15] The failure to get compensation for slaves taken by the British during the Revolution, "was a major reason for the bitter Southern opposition." ^[16] Jefferson and Madison, fearing a commercial alliance with aristocratic Britain might undercut republicanism, led the opposition. Jay complained he could travel from Boston to Philadelphia solely by the light of his burning effigies. However, led by Hamilton, the new Federalist party strongly backed Jay and Washington, and won the battle of public opinion. ^[17] Washington put his prestige on the line behind the treaty, and Hamilton and the Federalists mobilized public opinion. The Senate ratified the treaty by a 20-10 vote (just enough to meet the 2/3 requirement.) The treaty averted war, resolved the issues of the Revolution, gave America control over its western lands, expanded trade, and brought a decade of peace and prosperous trade between American and the world's strongest naval power, Britain. Peaceful relations broke down in 1805, followed by war in 1812. The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816, with remnants lasting into the 1830s. ... This article is about the U.S.–U.K. war. ...

Governor of New York

While in Britain, Jay was elected governor of New York State as a Federalist. He resigned from the Supreme Court, and served as governor until 1801. As Governor, he received a proposal from Hamilton to gerrymander New York for the Presidential election of that year; he marked the letter "Proposing a measure for party purposes which it would not become me to adopt", and filed it without replying.^[18]President John Adams then renominated him to the US Supreme Court; the Senate quickly confirmed him, but he declined, citing his own poor health and the court's lack of "the energy, weight, and dignity which are essential to its affording due support to the national government." This article is about the state. ... The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816, with remnants lasting into the 1830s. ... Redrawing electoral districts in this example creates a guaranteed 3-to-1 advantage for Party 1. ... For other persons named John Adams, see John Adams (disambiguation). ...

Despite Federalist nomination as governor in 1801, Jay declined and retired to the life of a gentleman farmer in Westchester County, New York. His home and part of his farm are now operated as the John Jay Homestead [4] by the New York Department of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, and is located on NY state route 22 in Katonah, near Bedford. Westchester County is a primarily suburban county located in the U.S. state of New York with about 950,000 residents. ... Map showing the location of Katonah, New York Katonah, New York is one of three unincorporated hamlets within the town of Bedford, Westchester County. ... Bedford is a town in Westchester County, New York, USA. The population was 18,133 at the 2000 census. ...

Jay died at home on May 15, 1829. He was buried in a family plot on his son Peter's farm in Rye, New York. This home today is a part of the Jay Heritage Center, located at 210 Boston Post Road in Rye. It is also open as a museum. is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Rye, New York is the name of two places in Westchester County, New York. ...

Jay Heritage Center (childhood home of John Jay)
210 Boston Post Road
Rye, New York 10580

John Jay Homestead State Historic Site
400 Route 22 (Jay Street)
Katonah, New York 10536

• See aerial view

Religion

Jay had been a warden of Trinity Church, New York since 1785; and, as Congress's Secretary for Foreign Affairs, supported the proposal after the revolution that the Archbishop of Canterbury approve the ordination of bishops for the Protestant Episcopal Church in America. ^[19] Trinity Church Close-up of Trinity Church Trinity Church, at the corner of Broadway and Wall Street in New York City, viewed from the World Trade Center A glimpse of New York from Trinity Church steeple. ... The Archbishop of Canterbury is the spiritual leader and senior clergyman of the Church of England, recognized by convention as the head of the worldwide Anglican Communion. ... This article is about the Episcopal Church in the United States. ...

In New York, Jay argued unsuccessfully in the provincial convention for a prohibition against Catholics holding office.^[20]In February 1788, the New York legislature under Jay's guidance approved an act requiring officeholders to renounce all foreign authorities "in all matters ecclesiastical as well as civil", an "anti-Catholic" act designed to bar Catholics from holding public offices.^{[citation needed]} Provincial has several meanings and may refer to: Provincial examinations: Bi-annual province-wide examinations for students between the grades of 10 to 12 in the province of British Columbia Anything related to a province, a formal geographical division; Anything related to the provinces, the parts of a country outside... The Roman Catholic Church is the largest religious denomination of Christianity with over one billion members. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...

In a famous quote within a letter to John Murray dated October 12th, 1816, the Chief Justice wrote, "Providence has given to our people the choice of their rulers, and it is the duty, as well as the privilege and interest, of our Christian nation to select and prefer Christians for their rulers."

Jay's home, near Katonah, New York, is a New York State Historic Site and National Historic Landmark.

Map showing the location of Katonah, New York Katonah, New York is one of three unincorporated hamlets within the town of Bedford, Westchester County. ... This article or section needs additional references or sources to improve its verifiability. ...

Legacy

• The Towns of Jay, Maine and Jay, New York and Jay, Vermont, and Jay County, Indiana are named after him. In 1964, the City University of New York's College of Police Science was officially renamed the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Other schools named after him are John Jay Senior High School in Hopewell Junction, NY, John Jay High School in Cross River, NY, and John Jay High School in San Antonio, TX.

John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City

• Jay was named first among Columbia University's 250 Greatest Alumni by the Columbia Spectator. A large residence hall for undergraduates at Columbia is named for him, as well as the John Jay Award for alumni of Columbia College, and the John Jay Scholars program for exceptional students in the College. Columbia also has a John Jay professorship in classics.
• An undergraduate grant at Columbia University (winners of it are designated John Jay Scholars) is named after him.
• The John Jay Center on the campus of Robert Morris University is named for him.
• The John Jay Institute for Faith, Society & Law seeks to prepare Christians like Jay for leadership in public life.
• His house near Katonah, New York, is preserved as John Jay Homestead State Historic Site. It has also been designated a National Historic Landmark.

Jay is a town located in Franklin County, Maine. ... Jay is a town located in Essex County, New York. ... Jay, Vermont Jay is a town located in Orleans County, Vermont. ... Jay County is a county located in the state of Indiana. ... The City University of New York (CUNY; acronym pronounced ), is the public university system of New York City. ... The John Jay College of Criminal Justice is a criminal justice college in New York City which has about 12,000 FTE (full-time equivalent) students, including traditional, pre-career undergraduate students and those pursuing master’s degrees in several disciplines. ... The Alamo in San Antonio San Antonio is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. ... The John Jay College of Criminal Justice is a criminal justice college in New York City which has about 12,000 FTE (full-time equivalent) students, including traditional, pre-career undergraduate students and those pursuing master’s degrees in several disciplines. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... For other uses, see Classics (disambiguation). ... John Jay Scholar is the term applied to the undergraduates at Columbia University deemed most outstanding by the admissions committee. ... The John Jay Center is an athletic facility on the campus of Robert Morris University in Moon Township, PA. Built in 1965, it features a capacity of 1,000 spectators. ... Robert Morris University is a private co-educational college founded in 1921. ... Map showing the location of Katonah, New York Katonah, New York is one of three unincorporated hamlets within the town of Bedford, Westchester County. ... This article or section needs additional references or sources to improve its verifiability. ...

Trivia

• James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Spy was based on the author's conversations with Jay about his service on the committee on conspiracies during the Revolution. The main character is based on Enoch Crosby, who helped arrest Loyalists attempting to form militia regiments.
• Graffiti appearing near Jay's house after the 1794 treaty with Britain: "Damn John Jay. Damn everyone that won't damn John Jay. Damn everyone that won't put up the lights in the windows and sit up all nights damning John Jay."
• A famous quote by John Jay is, "The Americans, almost to a man, believed that God Almighty had made that river a highway for the people of the upper country to go to sea by."

Cooper portrait by John Wesley Jarvis, 1822 James Fenimore Cooper (September 15, 1789 – September 14, 1851) was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. ...

See also

• United States Supreme Court cases during the Jay Court
• New York Manumission Society

This is a chronological list of notable cases decided by the United States Supreme Court during the tenures of Chief Justices John Jay (19 October 1789 - 29 June 1795), John Rutledge (15 February 1790 - 5 March 1791), and Oliver Ellsworth (8 March 1796 - 15 December 1800). ... The New York Manumission Society was an early American organization founded in 1785 to promote the abolition of African slaves in the state of New York. ...

Notes

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• Bemis, Samuel F. Jay's Treaty: A Study in Commerce and Diplomacy (1923)
• Brecher, Frank W. Securing American Independence: John Jay and the French Alliance. Praeger, 2003. 327 pp.
• Casto, William R. The Supreme Court in the Early Republic: The Chief Justiceships of John Jay and Oliver Ellsworth. U. of South Carolina Press, 1995. 267 pp.
• Combs, Jerald. A. The Jay Treaty: Political Background of Founding Fathers (1970) (ISBN 0-520-01573-8); concludes the Federalists "followed the proper policy" because the treaty preserved peace with Britain
• Elkins, Stanley M. and Eric McKitrick, The Age of Federalism: The Early American Republic, 1788-1800. (1994), detailed political history
• Estes, Todd. "John Jay, the Concept of Deference, and the Transformation of Early American Political Culture." Historian (2002) 65(2): 293-317. ISSN 0018-2370 Fulltext in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco
• Ferguson, Robert A. "The Forgotten Publius: John Jay and the Aesthetics of Ratification." Early American Literature (1999) 34(3): 223-240. ISSN 0012-8163 Fulltext: in Swetswise and Ebsco
• Johnson, Herbert A. "John Jay and the Supreme Court." New York History 2000 81(1): 59-90. ISSN 0146-437X
• Kaminski, John P. "Honor and Interest: John Jay's Diplomacy During the Confederation." New York History (2002) 83(3): 293-327. ISSN 0146-437X
• Kaminski, John P. "Shall We Have a King? John Jay and the Politics of Union." New York History (2000) 81(1): 31-58. ISSN 0146-437X
• Klein, Milton M. "John Jay and the Revolution." New York History (2000) 81(1): 19-30. ISSN 0146-437X
• Littlefield, Daniel C. "John Jay, the Revolutionary Generation, and Slavery" New York History 2000 81(1): 91-132. ISSN 0146-437X
• Monaghan, Frank. John Jay: Defender of Liberty 1972. on abolitionism
• Morris, Richard B. The Peacemakers: The Great Powers and American Independence 1965.
• Morris, Richard B. Seven Who Shaped Our Destiny: The Founding Fathers as Revolutionaries 1973. chapter on Jay
• Morris, Richard B. Witness at the Creation; Hamilton, Madison, Jay and the Constitution 1985.
• Morris, Richard B. ed. John Jay: The Winning of the Peace 1980.
• Perkins, Bradford. The First Rapprochement; England and the United States: 1795-1805 Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1955.
• Stahr, Walter (2005). John Jay: Founding Father.  ISBN 1-85285-444-8

Primary sources

• Landa M. Freeman, Louise V. North, and Janet M. Wedge, eds. Selected Letters of John Jay and Sarah Livingston Jay: Correspondence by or to the First Chief Justice of the United States and His Wife (2005)
• Morris, Richard B. ed. John Jay: The Making of a Revolutionary; Unpublished Papers, 1745-1780 1975.

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

John Jay

Wikisource has original works written by or about:

John Jay

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

John Jay

• Jay's Treaty, Library of Congress
• Richard Morris, "John Jay and the Constitution"
• Works by John Jay at Project Gutenberg
• Jake Sudderth, "John Jay and Slavery (2002) online from Papers of John Jay
• The John Jay School of Diplomacy and International Affairs at Euclid University extension
• Columbia University's Jay Papers Project
• Parts of this article were incorporated from the public domain source Today in History: December 12 on the Library of Congress's American Memory website.
• Jay documents on anti-slavery
• John Jay Homestead State Historic Site web page
• John Jay Homestead, Friends of
• John Jay at Find-A-Grave

v • d • e Chief Justices of the United States
Jay • Rutledge • Ellsworth • Marshall • Taney • Chase • Waite • Fuller • White • Taft • Hughes • Stone • Vinson • Warren • Burger • Rehnquist • Roberts

v • d • e Governors of New York

G Clinton • Jay • G Clinton • Lewis • Tompkins • Tayler • D Clinton • Yates • D Clinton • Pitcher • Van Buren • Throop • Marcy • Seward • Bouck • Wright • Young • Fish • Hunt • Seymour • Clark • King • Morgan • Seymour • Fenton • Hoffman • J Ad Dix • Tilden • Robinson • Cornell • Cleveland • Hill • Flower • Morton • Black • T Roosevelt • Odell • Higgins • Hughes • White • J Al Dix • Sulzer • Glynn • Whitman • Smith • Miller • Smith • F Roosevelt • Lehman • Poletti • Dewey • Harriman • Rockefeller • Wilson • Carey • Cuomo • Pataki • Spitzer • Paterson

Supreme Court of the United States
The Jay Court Chief Justice: John Jay (1789–1795) 1789–1792: Wm. Cushing | J. Rutledge | J. Wilson | J. Blair | J. Iredell 1792–1793: Wm. Cushing | J. Wilson | J. Blair | J. Iredell | Th. Johnson 1793–1795: Wm. Cushing | J. Wilson | J. Blair | J. Iredell | Wm. Paterson