For the survivor of the attacks of September 11, 2001, see John McLoughlin (World Trade Center attack survivor)

For articles on John McLaughlin, see John McLaughlin

Dr. John McLoughlin, baptised Jean-Baptist McLoughlin, (October 19, 1784 – September 3, 1857) was the Chief Factor of the Columbia Fur District of the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Vancouver. He was later known as the "Father of Oregon" for his role in assisting the American cause in the Oregon Country in the Pacific Northwest. In the late 1840s his general store in Oregon City was famous as the last stop on the Oregon Trail. is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Rivière-du-Loup (pop. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Nickname: End of the Oregon Trail, OC Motto: Urbs civitatis nostrae prima et mater Location in Oregon Coordinates: Country United States State Oregon County Clackamas Founded 1829 Incorporated 1844 Government  - Mayor Alice Norris Area  - City  8. ... Hudsons Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie dHudson in French) is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. ... A Factor, from the Latin he who does (parallel to agent from Latin agens), is a person who professionally acts as the representative of another individual or other legal entity, notably in the following contexts: // Mercantile Factor In a relatively large company, there could be a hierarchy, including several gardes... Fort Vancouver Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trading outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudsons Bay Company in the companys Columbia District (known to Americans as the Oregon Country). ... John McLoughlin (DOB unk. ... Several people are named John McLaughlin: John McLaughlin (musician), an English jazz fusion guitar player. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... A Factor, from the Latin he who does (parallel to agent from Latin agens), is a person who professionally acts as the representative of another individual or other legal entity, notably in the following contexts: // Mercantile Factor In a relatively large company, there could be a hierarchy, including several gardes... Columbia District was a regional department of the Hudsons Bay Company, and included all of the Columbia River basin, extending as far north as the Thompson River. ... Hudsons Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie dHudson in French) is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. ... Fort Vancouver Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trading outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudsons Bay Company in the companys Columbia District (known to Americans as the Oregon Country). ... Landscape in Oregon Country, by Charles Marion Russell Map of Oregon Country Oregon Country was a region of western North America that originally consisted of the land north of 42°N latitude, south of 54°40N latitude, and west of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. ... The Pacific Northwest from space The Pacific Northwest, abbreviated PNW, or PacNW is a region in the northwest of North America. ... // First use of general anesthesia in an operation, by Crawford Long The first electrical telegraph sent by Samuel Morse on May 24, 1844 from Baltimore to Washington, D.C.. First signing of the Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) on February 6, 1840 at Waitangi, Northland New Zealand. ... Nickname: End of the Oregon Trail, OC Motto: Urbs civitatis nostrae prima et mater Location in Oregon Coordinates: Country United States State Oregon County Clackamas Founded 1829 Incorporated 1844 Government  - Mayor Alice Norris Area  - City  8. ... For other uses, see Oregon Trail (disambiguation). ...

Childhood and early career

McLoughlin was born in Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec, of Irish (his grandfather came from Sharagower in the Inishowen peninsular of County Donegal) and French Canadian descent. He lived with his great uncle, Colonel William Fraser, for a while as a child. Though baptized Roman Catholic, he was raised Anglican and in his later life he returned to the Roman Catholic faith. In 1798, he began to study medicine with Sir James Fisher of Quebec. After studying for 4½ years he was granted a license to practice medicine on April 30, 1803. He was hired as a physician at Fort William, Ontario (now Thunder Bay, Ontario), a fur-gathering post of the North West Company on Lake Superior; there he became a trader and mastered several Indian languages. Rivière-du-Loup (pop. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Location of Inishowen Inishowen (Irish: Inis Eoghain) is a historical peninsular region in County Donegal, and also the largest peninsula in Ireland. ... Statistics Province: Ulster Dáil Éireann: Donegal North East, Donegal South West County Town: Lifford Code: DL Area: 4,841 km² Population (2006) 146,956 Website: www. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... Year 1798 (MDCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1803 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Fort William was a city in Northern Ontario, located on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior. ... Nickname: Motto: Superior by nature Location of Thunder Bay, Ontario Coordinates: , Country Canada Province Ontario Region Northwestern Ontario District Thunder Bay District CMA Thunder Bay Settled 1679 as Fort Caministigoyan See histories of Port Arthur and Fort William Amalgamation 1 January 1970 Government [1][2]  - Type Municipal Government  - Mayor Lynn... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor David C. Onley Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 107 Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area... For the grocery chain, see The North West Company The North West Company a fur trading business headquartered in the city of Montreal in British North America from 1779 to 1821. ... For the the Quebec municipality, see Lac-Supérieur. ...

In 1814 he became a partner in the company. In 1816 McLoughlin was arrested for the murder of Robert Semple, the governor of the Red River Colony, after the Battle of Seven Oaks (1816), though it is often claimed he stood in proxy for some Indians who were blamed. He was tried on October 30, 1818, and the charges were dismissed. McLoughlin was instrumental in the negotiations leading to the North West Company's 1821 merger with the Hudson's Bay Company. He was promoted to the Lac la Pluie district temporarily shortly after the merger. Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Year 1816 (MDCCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Robert Semple, born 26 February 1777 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, was Governor of the Hudsons Bay Company from 1815 until his death June 19, 1816 at the Battle of Seven Oaks. ... The Red River Colony (or Selkirk Settlement) was a colonization project set up by Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk in 1811 on 300,000 km² of land granted to him by the Hudsons Bay Company under what is referred to as the Selkirk Concession. ... The Battle of Seven Oaks (known to the Métis as la Victoire de la Grenouillière, or the Victory of Frog Plain) took place on June 19th 1816 during the long dispute between the Hudsons Bay Company and the North West Company, rival fur-trading companies in western... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Hudsons Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie dHudson in French) is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. ...

The Columbia District (Oregon Country)

John McLoughlin

John McLoughlin, National Statuary Hall Collection, NSHC statue

In 1824 the Hudson's Bay Company appointed McLoughlin as Chief Factor of the Columbia District (which Americans know as the Oregon Country), which comprised 600,000 square miles (1,600,000 km²) between Mexican California and Russian America (Alaska), with Peter Skene Ogden appointed to assist him. At the time, the region was under cooperative settlement of both the United States and Britain. Upon his arrival, he determined that the headquarters of the company at Fort Astoria (now Astoria, Oregon) at the mouth of the Columbia River was unfit. As a replacement he built Fort Vancouver (now Vancouver, Washington) on the opposite side of the Columbia from the mouth of the Willamette River. The post was opened for business on March 19, 1825. From his headquarters in Fort Vancouver he supervised trade and kept peace with the Indians, inaugurated salmon and timber trade with California and Hawaii, and supplied Russian Alaska with produce. Under McLoughlin's management, the Columbia District remained highly profitable, in part due to the ongoing high demand for beaver hats in Europe. statue of John McLoughlin; http://www. ... statue of John McLoughlin; http://www. ... A Factor, from the Latin he who does (parallel to agent, from Latin agens), is a person who professionally acts as the representative of another individual or other legal entity, notably in the following contexts: // In a relatively large company, there could be a hierarchy, including several grades of Factor... Columbia District was a regional department of the Hudsons Bay Company, and included all of the Columbia River basin, extending as far north as the Thompson River. ... The Oregon Country/Columbia District Disputed Area is the main area of dispute, although the whole region was disputed The Oregon boundary dispute (often called the Oregon question) arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Oregon Country, a region of northwestern North America known also... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses, see Alaska (disambiguation). ... Peter Skene Ogden, alternately Skeene, Skein or Skeen (baptised 12 February 1790 – September 27, 1854) was a Canadian explorer of the American West. ... Fort Astoria was the Pacific Fur Companys primary fur trading post in the Northwest, and was the first permanent U.S. settlement on the Pacific coast. ... , Location in Oregon Coordinates: , Country State County Clatsop Incorporated 1876 Government  - Mayor Willis L. Van Dusen Area  - Total 10. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The Columbia River (French: fleuve Columbia) is a river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. ... Fort Vancouver Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trading outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudsons Bay Company in the companys Columbia District (known to Americans as the Oregon Country). ... For other uses, see Vancouver (disambiguation). ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... The Willamette River (pronounced wil-LAM-met) is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately 240 mi (386 km) long, in northwestern Oregon in the United States. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... For other uses, see Beaver (disambiguation). ...

McLoughlin's appearance, 6'4" (193 cm) tall with long, prematurely white hair, brought him respect, but he was also generally known for his fair treatment of the people with whom he dealt, whether they were British subjects, U.S. citizens, or Native Americans. At the time, the wives of many Hudson's Bay field employees were Native Americans, including McLoughlin's wife Marguerite. She was the daughter of a Native American woman and a trader named Jean-Eitenne Waddens and the widow of Alexander McKay, a trader killed in the Tonquin massacre. See Jonathan Thorn. Her son Thomas McKay became McLoughlin's stepson.^[1] Alexander MacKay, (c. ... For the region in Southeast Asia see: Tonkin The Tonquin was an American merchant ship involved with the fur trade of the early 19th Century. ... Jonathan Thorn (8 January 1779 – 15 June 1811) was an officer of the United States Navy in the 1800s. ...

When three Japanese fishermen, among them Otokichi, were shipwrecked on the Olympic Peninsula in 1834, McLoughlin, envisioning an opportunity to use them to open trade with Japan, sent the trio to London on the Eagle to try to convince the Crown of his plan. They reached London in 1835, probably the first Japanese to do so since the 16th century Christopher and Cosmas. The British Government finally did not show interest, and the castaways were sent to Macau so that they could be returned to Japan. Japanese drawing of Otokichi in 1849, as he visited Japan passing for a Chinese man. ... The Olympic Peninsula is the large arm of land in western Washington state that lies across Puget Sound from Seattle. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Christopher and Cosmas were two Japanese men, only known by their Christian names, who are recorded to have travelled across the Pacific on a Spanish galleon in 1587, and later accompanied the English navigator Thomas Cavendish to England, Brazil and the Southern Atlantic, where they disappeared with the sinking of...

Relations with American settlers

In 1841, with the arrival of the first wagon train, McLoughlin disobeyed company orders and extended aid to the American settlers. Relations between Britain and the United States had become very strained, and many expected war to break out any time. McLoughlin's aid probably prevented an armed attack on his outpost by the numerous American settlers. The settlers understood that his motives were not purely altruistic, and some resented the assistance, working against him for the rest of his life. The Hudson's Bay Company eventually realized that the increasing numbers of American settlers would result in Ft. Vancouver becoming part of U.S. territory. In response they ordered McLoughlin to move their operation north to Vancouver Island where he ordered James Douglas to construct Fort Camosun (now Victoria, British Columbia, Canada). Wagon Train was a television series on NBC from 1957 to 1962 and on ABC from 1962 to 1965. ... Vancouver Island is separated from mainland British Columbia by the Strait of Georgia and the Queen Charlotte Strait, and from Washington by the Juan De Fuca Strait. ... James Douglas Sir James Douglas, K.C.B, (August 15, 1803 – August 2, 1877), was born of a Scottish father and Creole mother in Demerara. ... This article is about the city of Victoria. ... Motto: Splendor sine occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor Steven Point Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 36 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area  Ranked 5th Total 944...

McLoughlin was involved with the debate over the future of the Oregon Country.^[2] He advocated an independent nation that would be free of the United States during debates at the Oregon Lyceum in 1842 through his lawyer.^[2] This view won support at first and a resolution adopted, but was later moved away from in favor of a resolution by George Abernethy of the Methodist Mission to wait on forming an independent country.^[2] Landscape in Oregon Country, by Charles Marion Russell Map of Oregon Country Oregon Country was a region of western North America that originally consisted of the land north of 42°N latitude, south of 54°40N latitude, and west of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. ... The Oregon Lyceum or Pioneer Lyceum and Literary Club was founded in Oregon City, Oregon Country around 1840. ... George Abernethy (1807 - 1877) was a U.S. businessman. ... The Methodist Mission was founded in Oregon Country in 1834 by the Reverend Jason Lee. ...

Later life in the Oregon Territory

After retiring from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1846, McLoughlin moved his family back south to Oregon City in the Willamette Valley. The Oregon Treaty had been ratified by that time, and the region, now known as the Oregon Territory, was part of the United States. The valley was the destination of choice for settlers streaming in over the Oregon Trail. At his Oregon City store he sold food and farming tools to settlers. In 1847, McLoughlin was given the Knighthood of St. Gregory, bestowed on him by Pope Gregory XVI. He became a U.S. citizen in 1849. McLoughlin's opponents succeeded in inserting a clause forfeiting his land claim in the Donation Land Claim Act of 1850 by Samuel R. Thurston. Although it was never enforced, it embittered the elderly McLoughlin. He served as mayor of Oregon City in 1851, winning 44 of 66 votes. He died of natural causes in 1857. His grave is on a bluff above Willamette Falls.^[3] Nickname: End of the Oregon Trail, OC Motto: Urbs civitatis nostrae prima et mater Location in Oregon Coordinates: Country United States State Oregon County Clackamas Founded 1829 Incorporated 1844 Government  - Mayor Alice Norris Area  - City  8. ... The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley is the region in northwest Oregon in the United States that surrounds the Willamette River as it proceeds northward from its emergence from mountains near Eugene to its confluence with the Columbia River. ... Map of the lands in dispute The Oregon Treaty, officially known as the Treaty with Great Britain, in Regard to Limits Westward of the Rocky Mountains, and also known as the Treaty of Washington, is a bilateral treaty between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the United... Seal of the Oregon Territory. ... For other uses, see Oregon Trail (disambiguation). ... On September 1, 1831, seven months after his election, Pope Gregory XVI established by brief Quod Summis the Order of the Knights of St. ... Pope Gregory XVI (September 18, 1765 – June 1, 1846), born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, named Mauro as a member of the religious order of the Camaldolese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1831 to 1846. ... The Donation Land Claim Act of 1850, sometimes known just as the Donation Land Act, was an historic law passed by the Congress of the United States intended to promote homestead settlement in the Oregon Territory in the Pacific Northwest (comprising the present-day states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho). ... Samuel Royal Thurston (April 17, 1815 – April 6, 1851) was an American pioneer, lawyer and politician. ... The Willamette Falls The Willamette Falls is a natural waterfall on the Willamette River between Oregon City and West Linn, Oregon. ...

Legacy

In 1953, the state of Oregon donated a bronze statue of McLoughlin to the U.S. Capitol's National Statuary Hall Collection. The title "Father of Oregon" was officially bestowed on him by the Oregon Legislative Assembly in 1957, on the centennial of his death. Many public works in Oregon are named after him, including: United States Capitol The United States Capitol is the building which serves as home for the legislative branch of the United States government. ... Part of the National Statuary Hall Collection The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is comprised of statues donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. ... The Oregon Legislative Assembly is the legislature for the U.S. state of Oregon. ...

• The John McLoughlin Bridge
• McLoughlin Boulevard, the street name of Oregon Route 99E between Oregon City and Portland
• Numerous schools

McLoughlin's former residence, now known as the McLoughlin House, is today a museum located in Oregon City; it is part of the Fort_Vancouver_National_Historic_Site. The John McLoughlin Bridge is a tied-arch bridge that spans the Clackamas River between Oregon City and Gladstone, Oregon. ... Oregon Route 99E is an Oregon state highway that runs between city of Junction City, Oregon and an interchange with Interstate 5 just south of the Oregon/Washington border, in Portland. ... Nickname: Location of Portland in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Multnomah, Washington, Clackamas Incorporated February 8, 1851 Government  - Type Commission  - Mayor Tom Potter[1]  - Commissioners Sam Adams Randy Leonard Dan Saltzman Erik Sten  - Auditor Gary Blackmer Area  - City 376. ... The Palais du Louvre in Paris, which houses the Musée du Louvre, one of the worlds most famous museums, and most certainly the largest. ... Fort Vancouver Fort Vancouver was a 19th century fur trading outpost along the Columbia River that served as the headquarters of the Hudsons Bay Company in the Oregon Country. ...

See also

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/John McLoughlin

• Jason Lee
• Marcus Whitman
• Narcissa Whitman
• James Douglas
• Willamette Cattle Company

Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Jason Lee (NSHC statue) Jason Lee (June 28, 1803 – March 12, 1845) an American missionary and pioneer, was born on a farm near Stanstead, Quebec. ... Marcus Whitman (September 4, 1802–November 29, 1847) was an American physician and missionary in the Oregon Country. ... Narcissa Whitman (March 14, 1808 – November 29, 1847), born Narcissa Prentiss in Prattsburgh, New York in the Genesee Valley. ... James Douglas Sir James Douglas, K.C.B, (August 15, 1803 – August 2, 1877), was born of a Scottish father and Creole mother in Demerara. ... The Willamette Cattle Company was formed in 1837 by pioneers in the Willamette Valley of present day Oregon. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• Notable Oregonians: John McLoughlin - Father of Oregon
• Fort Vancouver National Historic Site
• McLoughlin House National Historic Site
• NSHC biography of John McLoughlin
• Dr. John McLoughlin: the father of Oregon by Frederick Van Voorhies Holman
•   "John McLoughlin". Catholic Encyclopedia. (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company. 

v • d • e Pioneer History of Oregon (1806–1890)
Topics	American Fur Company · Columbian Exchange · Executive Committee · Ferries · Hudson's Bay Company · Oregon & California Railroad · Oregon boundary dispute · Oregon Country · Oregon Lyceum · Oregon missionaries · Oregon Spectator · Oregon Territory · Oregon Trail · Oregon Treaty · Organic Laws · Pacific Fur Company · Provisional Government
Events	Astor Expedition · Treaty of 1818 · Russo-American Treaty · Willamette Cattle Company · Champoeg Meetings · Star of Oregon · Whitman massacre · Cayuse War · Donation Land Claim Act · Holmes v. Ford · Rogue River Wars · Constitutional Convention · Modoc War · Great Gale of 1880
Places	Applegate Trail · Albina · Barlow Road · Champoeg · Fort Astoria · Fort Dalles · Fort Vancouver · Fort William · French Prairie · Linn City · Meek Cutoff · Methodist Mission · Oregon City · Oregon Institute · Tualatin Academy · Whitman Mission · Willamette Trading Post
People	George Abernethy · Jesse Applegate · Ira Babcock · Sam Barlow · François Blanchet · Tabitha Brown · Matthew Deady · Abigail Scott Duniway · Philip Foster · Peter French · Joseph Gale · Cornelius Gilliam · David Hill · H.A.G. Lee · Jason Lee · Asa Lovejoy · John McLoughlin · Joseph Meek · Ezra Meeker · John Minto · Robert Newell · Joel Palmer · Osborne Russell · Sager orphans · Levi Scott · Henry Spalding · Elijah White · Marcus Whitman · Narcissa Whitman · Geo. H. Williams · Ewing Young
Transportation	Lot Whitcomb · Colonel Wright · Gazelle · Oregon Steam Navigation Company
Oregon History	Native Peoples History · History to 1806 · Pioneer History · Modern History