- For other meanings see Jovian (disambiguation).
Flavius Iovianus, anglicized to Jovian, (331 - 17 February 364) was a soldier elected Roman Emperor by the army on 27 June 363 upon the death of Emperor Julian during his Sassanid campaign. Jovian reestablished Christianity as the official religion of the Empire. Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law This article discusses the nature of the imperial dignity, and its dynastic development throughout the history of the Empire. ...
For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...
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is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events Perisapora is destroyed by Emperor Julian. ...
is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events February 28 - Valentinian I is elected Roman emperor by the army. ...
Events Gregory the Illuminator withdraws from the world; his death occurs sometime in the next couple of years. ...
Singidunum was an ancient Roman city, first settled by the Scordisci in the 3rd century B.C., and later garrisoned and fortified by the Romans who romanized the name. ...
For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ...
Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ...
is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events February 28 - Valentinian I is elected Roman emperor by the army. ...
Flavius Claudius Iulianus (331âJune 26, 363), was a Roman Emperor (361â363) of the Constantinian dynasty. ...
Flavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, (321 - November 17, 375) was a Roman Emperor (364-375). ...
This article is about the year 380 AD. For the aircraft, see Airbus A380. ...
This article is about the Roman rank. ...
Events February 28 - Valentinian I is elected Roman emperor by the army. ...
This article is about the year 380 AD. For the aircraft, see Airbus A380. ...
Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II, (7 August 317 - 3 November 361) was a Roman Emperor (337 - 361) of the Constantinian dynasty. ...
Anglicized refers to foreign words, often surnames, that are changed from a foreign language into English. ...
Events Gregory the Illuminator withdraws from the world; his death occurs sometime in the next couple of years. ...
is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events February 28 - Valentinian I is elected Roman emperor by the army. ...
This article is about a military rank. ...
Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law This article discusses the nature of the imperial dignity, and its dynastic development throughout the history of the Empire. ...
is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events Perisapora is destroyed by Emperor Julian. ...
Flavius Claudius Iulianus (331âJune 26, 363), was a Roman Emperor (361â363) of the Constantinian dynasty. ...
The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty (Persian: []) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian Empire (226â651). ...
Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ...
Rise to power
Jovian was born at Singidunum (Belgrade, Serbia) in 331, son of (Flavius?) Varronianus, the commander of Constantius II's imperial bodyguards (comes domesticorum). He also joined the guards, and by 363 had risen to the same command that his father had once held. In this capacity, Jovian accompanied the Roman Emperor Julian on the disastrous Mesopotamian campaign of the same year against Shapur II, the Sassanid king. After a small but decisive engagement the Roman army was forced to retreat from the numerically superior Persian force. Julian was mortally wounded during the retreat and died on 26 June 363. The next day, after the aged Saturninius Secundus Salutius, praetorian prefect of the Orient, declined the purple, the choice of the army fell upon Jovian. His election caused considerable surprise, and it is suggested by Ammianus Marcellinus that he was wrongly identified with another Jovianus, chief notary (primicerius notariorum), whose name also had been put forward, or that during the acclamations the soldiers mistook the name Jovianus for Julianus, and imagined that the latter had recovered from his illness. Singidunum was an ancient Roman city, first settled by the Scordisci in the 3rd century B.C., and later garrisoned and fortified by the Romans who romanized the name. ...
For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ...
Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ...
Events Gregory the Illuminator withdraws from the world; his death occurs sometime in the next couple of years. ...
Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II, (7 August 317 - 3 November 361) was a Roman Emperor (337 - 361) of the Constantinian dynasty. ...
Events Perisapora is destroyed by Emperor Julian. ...
Look up Julian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Shapur II was king of Persia (310 - 379). ...
The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty (Persian: []) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian Empire (226â651). ...
Praetorian prefect (Latin Praefectus praetorio) was the constant title of a high office in the Roman state that changed fundamentally in nature. ...
Ammianus Marcellinus (325/330-after 391) was a fourth-century Greek historian [1][2]. His is the last major historical account of the late Roman empire which survives today: his work chronicled the history of Rome from 96 to 378, although only the sections covering the period 353 - 378 are...
Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ...
Knez Mihailova ulica (Prince Mihailo Street) is the main pedestrian street in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, with many cafes and expensive shops. ...
Restoration of Christianity Jovian, a Christian, reestablished Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire ending the brief revival of paganism under his predecessor Julian. Upon arriving at Antioch, he revoked the edicts of Julian against the Christians. [1] The Labarum of Constantine the Great again became the standard of the army.[2] He issued an edict of toleration, to the effect that, while the exercise of magical rites would be severely punished, his subjects should enjoy full liberty of conscience.[3] Jovian entertained a great regard for Athanasius, whom he reinstated on the archiepiscopal throne,[4] desiring him to draw up a statement of the Catholic faith. In Syriac literature Jovian became the hero of a Christian romance. From Jovian's reign until the 15th century Christianity remained the dominant religion of both the Western and Eastern Roman Empires, until the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453. For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ...
Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ...
For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...
The Labarum An image of the labarum, with the Greek letters Alpha and Omega inscribed. ...
Constantine. ...
Athanasius of Alexandria (also spelled Athanasios) was a Christian bishop of Alexandria in the fourth century. ...
Syriac is an Eastern Aramaic language that was once spoken across much of the Fertile Crescent. ...
This article is about the city before the Fall of Constantinople (1453). ...
// Turks and Turkish may refer to: Ethnic Turks Citizens or residents of Turkey in historical contexts, all Turkic peoples collectively Turk one of any of the peoples speaking any of the Turkic languages Turkic peoples A native or inhabitant of Turkey, or a member of Turkic speaking minorities in neighboring...
April 2 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (İstanbul). ...
Rule Jovian continued the retreat begun by Julian, and, continually harassed by the Persians, succeeded in reaching the banks of the Tigris, where Jovian, deep inside Sassanid territory, was forced to sue for a peace treaty on humiliatingly unfavourable terms. In exchange for safety, he agreed to withdraw from the five Roman provinces conquered by Galerius in 298, east of the Tigris, that Diocletian had annexed and allow the Persians to occupy the fortresses of Nisibis, Castra Maurorum and Singara. The Romans also surrendered their interests in the kingdom of Armenia to the Persians and the Christian king of Armenia, Arshak II, was to stay neutral in future conflicts between the two empires, and was forced to cede part of his kingdom to Shapur. The treaty was seen as a disgrace and Jovian rapidly lost popularity. Map of the Roman Empire, with the provinces, after 120. ...
Galerius Maximianus (c. ...
Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (c. ...
The newly excavated Church of Saint Jacob in Nisibis. ...
Sinjar (Kurdish: Åingar [1]) is name of region and a town in northwestern Iraq in the Ninawa Governorate near the Syrian border, with an estimate population in the 2006 census of about 39,875 residents [2]. The wall and other evidence at a huge mound in northeastern Syria known as...
Kingdom of Armenia at its greatest extent under the Artaxiad Dynasty after the conquests of Tigranes the Great, 80 BC. Capital Tigranakert Language(s) Armenian Political structure Empire History - Established 190 BC - Disestablished 66 BC The Kingdom of Armenia (or Greater Armenia) was an independent kingdom from 190 BC to...
Arshak II (or Arsaces II) was the son of King Diran and was himself king of Armenia from 350-367. ...
After arriving at Antioch Jovian decided to hurry to Constantinople to consolidate his position. He died on 17 February 364 after a reign of only eight months. During his return to Constantinople Jovian was found dead in bed in his tent at Dadastana, halfway between Ancyra and Nicaea. A surfeit of mushrooms or the poisonous carbon monoxide fumes of a charcoal warming fire have been assigned as the cause of death. is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events February 28 - Valentinian I is elected Roman emperor by the army. ...
Ankara from the Atakule Tower, looking N-NE Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after Istanbul. ...
Iznik tiles inside the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne İznik (which derives from the former Greek name Îίκαια, Nicaea) is a city in Turkey which is known primarily as the site of the First and Second Councils of Nicaea, the first and seventh Ecumenical councils in the early history of the Christian...
Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. ...
Sources and references - Banchich, Thomas, "Jovian", De Imperatoribus Romanis.
- Ammianus Marcellinus, xxv. 5-10
- J. P. de la Bleterie, Histoire de Jovien (1740)
- Gibbon, Decline and Fall, chapters xxiv., xxv.
- Gibbon, Edward, 1737-1794. The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. (NY : Knopf, 1993), v. 2, pp. 517 - 529.
- G. Hoffmann, Julianus der Abtrünnige, 1880
- J. Wordsworth in Smith and Wace's Dictionary of Christian Biography
- H. Schiller, Geschichte der römischen Kaiserzeit, volume ii. (1887)
- A. de Broglie, L'Église et l'empire romain au IVe siècle (4th ed. 1882).
- This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. [1]
Ammianus Marcellinus (325/330-after 391) was a fourth-century Greek historian [1][2]. His is the last major historical account of the late Roman empire which survives today: his work chronicled the history of Rome from 96 to 378, although only the sections covering the period 353 - 378 are...
The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
Not to be confused with New Catholic Encyclopedia. ...
Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910â1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ...
The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
See also For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ...
Singidunum was an ancient Roman city, first settled by the Scordisci in the 3rd century B.C., and later garrisoned and fortified by the Romans who romanized the name. ...
References - ^ Philologic Results
- ^ Reigns Of Jovian, Valentinian and the Division of the Empire@Everything2.com
- ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Flavius Claudius Jovianus
- ^ Philologic Results
External links -
Media related to Jovian from the Wikimedia Commons. | Roman and Byzantine Emperors | Principate 27 BC - AD 235 | Augustus · Tiberius · Caligula · Claudius I · Nero · Galba · Otho · Vitellius · Vespasian · Titus · Domitian · Nerva · Trajan · Hadrian · Antoninus Pius · Marcus Aurelius · Lucius Verus · Commodus · Pertinax · Didius Julianus · Septimius Severus · Caracalla · Geta · Macrinus · Elagabalus · Alexander Severus Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
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âDeciusâ redirects here. ...
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This solidus struck under Irene reports the legend bASILISSH, Basilissa. ...
Nikephoros I and his son and successor, Stauracius. ...
Staurakios on a coin issued by his father Nikephoros I. Staurakios or Stauracius (Greek: ΣÏαÏ
ÏάκιοÏ), (d. ...
Michael I on a contemporary coin Michael I Rangabe (Greek: ÎιÏαήλ ÎΠΡαγγαβÎ, MikhaÄl I Rangabe), (died January 11, 844) was Byzantine Emperor (811 - 813). ...
Contemporary coin of Leo V. Leo V, surnamed The Armenian (775 â December 24, 820), was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 813 to 820, after first distinguishing himself as a general in the reigns of Nicephorus I and Michael I Rhangabes. ...
Michael II and his son Theophilos, founders of the Amorian dynasty. ...
Theophilus, in the Chronicle of John Skylitzes Theophilos or Theophilus (Greek: ÎεÏÏιλοÏ), (813 â 20 January 842) was Byzantine emperor from 829 to 842. ...
Theodora depicted as ruler on this coin, with her son Michael, nominally emperor, and her daughter Thecla on the reverse. ...
This coin struck during the regency of Theodora shows how Michael was less prominent than his mother, who is represented as ruler alone on the obverse, and even than his sister Thecla, who is depicted together with the young Michael on the reverse of this coin. ...
Basil, his son Constantine, and his second wife, emperess Eudoxia Ingerina. ...
This follis by Leo VI bears the Byzantine Emperors official title, BASILEVS ROMEON, Emperor of the Romans; translation of text: Leo, by the grace of God, King of Romans Leo VI the Wise or the Philosopher (Greek: ÎÎÏν ΣΤÎ, LeÅn VI, Armenian: [1]), (September 19, 866 â May 11, 912) was Byzantine...
A Byzantine Mosaic portrait of Emperor Alexander (870 - 913) which was completed in the Emperors short reign. ...
Constantine and his mother Zoë. Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, the Purple-born (Greek: ÎÏνÏÏανÏÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï ÎΠΠοÏÏÏ
ÏογÎννηÏοÏ, KÅnstantinos VII PorphyrogennÄtos), (Constantinople, September 905 â November 9, 959 in Constantinople) was the son of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife Zoe Karbonopsina. ...
Contemporary coin of Romanus I. Romanos I Lekapenos or Romanus I Lecapenus (Greek: ΡÏμανÏÏ ÎÎ ÎακαÏήνοÏ, RÅmanos I LakapÄnos) (c. ...
Romanus II (939 - 963) succeeded his father Constantine VII as Byzantine emperor in 959 at the age of twenty-one, and died, poisoned, it was believed, by his wife, Theophanu in 963. ...
Nicephorus Phocas redirects here. ...
Ioannes, protected by God and the Virgin Mary. ...
Painting of Basil II, from an 11th century manuscript. ...
Constantine VIII (in Greek Konstantinos VIII, written Κωνσταντίνος Η) (960 – November 15, 1028), Byzantine emperor (December 15, 1025 – November 15, 1028) was the son of the Emperor Romanus II and the younger brother of the eminent Basil II, who died childless and thus left the rule of the Byzantine Empire...
Empress Zoe as depicted in a mosaic from the Hagia Sophia Zoe (in Greek ÎÏή, meaning life), (c. ...
Romanus III. Romanos III Argyros or Romanus III Argyrus (Greek: ΡÏμανÏÏ ÎÎ ÎÏγÏ
ÏÏÏ, RÅmanos III Argyros), (968 â April 11, 1034) was Byzantine emperor (November 15, 1028 - April 11, 1034). ...
Michael IV (1010 â December 10, 1041), called the Paphlagonian (in Greek, ÎιÏαήλ ΠαÏλαγÏν, meaning from the province of Paphlagonia), was Byzantine emperor from April 11, 1034 to December 10, 1041. ...
Michael V Calaphates (1015 - August 24, 1042) (in Greek Μιχαήλ Καλαφάτης, meaning the caulker), was the nephew and successor as Byzantine emperor of Michael IV and adoptive son of his wife Zoë. ...
Mosaic of Constantine IX and Empress Zoe Constantine IX Monomachus (c. ...
Theodora (in Greek Θεοδώρα, literally meaning Gift of God, lived 981 - August 31, 1056) ruled as Byzantine Empress from January 11, 1055 to August 31, 1056. ...
Michael VI Stratioticus, the warlike, was Byzantine emperor (1056 - 1057). ...
Isaac coin. ...
Constantine X Ducas (1006 - May, 1067) was the emperor of the Byzantine Empire (1059 - 1067). ...
Michael VII Ducas or Parapinakes, was the eldest son of Constantine X Ducas and Eudocia Macrembolitissa. ...
Diptych of Romanus and Eudocia Macrembolitissa, crowned by Christ (Bibliothèque nationale de France) Romanos IV Diogenes or Romanus IV Diogenes (Greek: ΡÏμανÏÏ ÎÎ ÎιογÎνηÏ, RÅmanos IV DiogenÄs) was Byzantine emperor from 1068 to 1071. ...
Nicephorus Botaniates. ...
Emperor Alexios I Komnenos Alexios I Komnenos or Alexius I Comnenus (Greek: ; Latin: ; 1048 â August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081â1118), was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057â1059). ...
âJohn Komnenusâ redirects here. ...
For the eldest son of Andronikos I Komnenos and father of Alexios I of Trebizond, see Manuel Komnenos (born 1145). ...
Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus (Greek: ÎλÎÏÎ¹Î¿Ï Îâ ÎομνηνÏÏ, Alexios II KomnÄnos) (14 September 1169 â October 1183, Constantinople), Byzantine emperor (1180-1183), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch. ...
Billon trachy (a cup-shaped coin) of Andronikos I Komnenos (1183-1185) Andronikos I Komnenos or Andronicus I Comnenus (Greek: ÎνδÏÏÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Îâ ÎομνηνÏÏ, Andronikos I KomnÄnos) (c. ...
Isaac II Angelos or Angelus (Greek: ÎÏÎ±Î¬ÎºÎ¹Î¿Ï Îâ ÎγγελοÏ, Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 â January 1204) was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204. ...
Alexios III Angelos or Alexius III Angelus (Greek: ÎλÎÎ¾Î¹Î¿Ï Î ÎγγελοÏ) (c. ...
Emperor Alexios IV Alexios IV Angelos or Alexius IV Angelus (Greek: ÎλÎÎ¾Î¹Î¿Ï Î ÎγγελοÏ) (c. ...
Nikolaos Kanabos was elected Emperor of Byzantium on the 25. ...
Alexios V Doukas Mourtzouphlos or Alexius V Ducas Murtzuphlus (Greek: ÎλÎÎ¾Î¹Î¿Ï ÎÎ ÎοÏÎºÎ±Ï ÎοÏÏÏζοÏ
ÏλοÏ) (d. ...
| Empire of Nicea AD 1204 - 1261 | Constantine Laskaris · Theodore I · John III · Theodore II · John IV This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine by modern historians. ...
[Neilhughandafriendlypeasant. ...
Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of...
Constantine Laskaris (Greek ÎÏνÏÏανÏÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï ÎάÏκαÏηÏ) was Byzantine emperor for a few months in 1204. ...
The Latin Empire, Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus. ...
John III Doukas Vatatzes or Ducas Vatatzes (Greek: ÎÏÎ¬Î½Î½Î·Ï ÎÎ ÎοÏÎºÎ±Ï ÎαÏάÏζηÏ, IÅannÄs III Doukas BatatzÄs) (c. ...
Theodore II Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Greek: ÎεÏδÏÏÎ¿Ï ÎÎ ÎοÏÎºÎ±Ï ÎάÏκαÏιÏ, TheodÅros II Doukas Laskaris) (1221/1222âAugust 18, 1258) was emperor of Nicaea, 1254â1258. ...
John IV Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Greek: ÎÏÎ¬Î½Î½Î·Ï ÎÎ ÎοÏÎºÎ±Ï ÎάÏκαÏιÏ, IÅannÄs IV Doukas Laskaris), December 25, 1250 - c. ...
| Byzantine Empire AD 1261 - 1453 | Michael VIII · Andronikos II · Andronikos III · John V · John VI · Matthew · Andronikos IV · John VII · Andronikos V · Manuel II · John VIII · Constantine XI This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine by modern historians. ...
Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of...
April 2 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (İstanbul). ...
The Byzantine Empire in 1265 (William R. Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 1911) Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: ÎιÏαήλ ÎΠΠαλαιολÏγοÏ, MikhaÄl VIII Palaiologos) (1224/1225 â December 11, 1282) reigned as Byzantine emperor 1259â1282. ...
Andronikos II Palaiologos or Andronicus II Palaeologus (Greek: ) (1259/1260 â February 13, 1332), reigned as Byzantine emperor 1282â1328. ...
Andronikos III Palaiologos or Andronicus III Palaeologus (Greek: ÎνδÏÏÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏγοÏ) (March 25, 1297 - June 15, 1341) reigned as Byzantine emperor 1328â1341, after being rival emperor since 1321. ...
John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: , IÅannÄs V Palaiologos), (1332 â February 16, 1391) was the son of Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos and Anna of Savoy. ...
John VI Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzene (Greek: ÎÏÎ¬Î½Î½Î·Ï Î£Î¤Î ÎανÏακοÏ
ζηνÏÏ, IÅannÄs VI KantakouzÄnos) (c. ...
Matthew Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzenus (Greek: ÎαÏÎ¸Î±Î¯Î¿Ï ÎÏÎ¬Î½Î·Ï ÎανÏακοÏ
ζηνÏÏ, Matthaios AsanÄs KantakouzÄnos) (c. ...
Andronikos IV Palaiologos or Andronicus IV Palaeologus (Greek: ÎνδÏÏÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏγοÏ) (April 2, 1348âJune 28, 1385), was Byzantine emperor from 1376 to 1379. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Andronikos V Palaiologos or Andronicus V Palaeologus (Greek: ÎνδÏÏÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏγοÏ) (c. ...
Emperor Manuel II Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: ÎανοÏ
ήλ ÎΠΠαλαιολÏγοÏ, ManouÄl II Palaiologos) (June 27, 1350 â July 21, 1425) was Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425. ...
John VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek ÎÏÎ¬Î½Î½Î·Ï Î Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏγοÏ, IÅannÄs VIII Palaiologos) (December 18 1392 â October 31, 1448), was Byzantine Emperor from 1425 to 1448. ...
Constantine XI: The last Byzantine emperor is considered a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church. ...
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