FACTOID # 154: Women make up more than 10% of the prison population in only six countries: Thailand, , Qatar, Paraguay, Costa Rica, and Singapore.
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

SEARCH ALL

FACTS & STATISTICS    Advanced view

Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 

 

(* = Graphable)

 

 


Encyclopedia > Junichiro Koizumi
Junichiro Koizumi


87th, 88th & 89th Prime Minister of Japan
In office
26 April 2001 – 26 September 2006
Monarch Akihito
Preceded by Yoshiro Mori
Succeeded by Shinzo Abe

In office
26 January 2002 – 16 February 2002
Preceded by Makiko Tanaka
Succeeded by Yoriko Kawaguchi

In office
7 November 1996 – 29 July 1998
Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto
Preceded by Naoto Kan
Succeeded by Sohei Miyashita
In office
27 December 1988 – 10 August 1989
Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita, Sosuke Uno
Preceded by Takao Fujimoto
Succeeded by Saburo Toida

In office
12 December 1992 – 20 July 1993
Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa
Preceded by Hideo Watanabe
Succeeded by Kiichi Miyazawa

Member of Parliament
for Member of the House of Representatives
for Kanagawa's 11th district
In office
11 September 2006 – present
Preceded by New constituency
Majority 197,037 (73.16%)

Born January 8, 1942 (1942-01-08) (age 66)
Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
Political party Liberal Democratic Party
Spouse Kayoko Miyamoto (divorced)

Junichiro Koizumi (小泉 純一郎 Koizumi Jun'ichirō?, born January 8, 1942) is a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Emblem of the Office of Prime Minister of Japan Kantei, Official residence of PM The Prime Minister of Japan ) is the usual English-language term used for the head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Minister of the Cabinet. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For Prince Komatsu, see Prince Komatsu Akihito. ... Yoshiro Mori Yoshiro Mori (森 喜朗 Mori Yoshirō, born July 14, 1937) is a Japanese politician who served as the 85th and 86th Prime Minister of Japan from April 5, 2000 to April 26, 2001. ... Shinzo Abe , ; born 21 September 1954) is the current Prime Minister of Japan, elected by a special session of the National Diet on 26 September 2006. ... The Minister for Foreign Affairs ) of Japan is the Cabinet member responsible for Japanese foreign policy and the chief executive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Makiko Tanaka (田中 真紀子 Tanaka Makiko, born in Nishiyama, Niigata,January 14, 1944) is a Japanese politician, the daughter of former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka. ... Yoriko Kawaguchi (川口 順子 Kawaguchi Yoriko) (born January 14, 1941) is a Japanese politician. ... The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (厚生労働省; Kōsei-rōdō-shō) is one of ministries in the Japanese government. ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 210th day of the year (211th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Ryutaro Hashimoto (橋本龍太郎 Hashimoto RyÅ«tarō, July 29, 1937 - July 1, 2006) was a Japanese politician who served as the 82nd and 83rd Prime Minister of Japan from January 11, 1996 to July 30, 1998. ... Naoto Kan (菅 直人 Kan Naoto, b. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (362nd in leap years). ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Noboru Takeshita Noboru Takeshita (竹下 ç™» Takeshita Noboru, February 26, 1924–June 19, 2000) was a Japanese politician and the 74th Prime Minister of Japan from November 6, 1987 to June 3, 1989. ... Sōsuke Uno (宇野 宗佑 Uno Sōsuke August 27, 1922–May 19, 1998) was a Japanese politician and the 75th Prime Minister of Japan from June 3, 1989 to August 10, 1989. ... Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (総務省 Soumu-sho) is one of ministries in the Cabinet of Japan. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Kiichi Miyazawa , October 8, 1919–June 28, 2007) was a Japanese politician and the 78th Prime Minister from November 5, 1991 to August 9, 1993. ... Kiichi Miyazawa , October 8, 1919–June 28, 2007) was a Japanese politician and the 78th Prime Minister from November 5, 1991 to August 9, 1993. ... The House of Representatives ) is the lower house of the Diet of Japan. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Categories: Cities in Kanagawa Prefecture | Japan geography stubs ... Kanagawa Prefecture ) is a prefecture located in the southern Kantō region of HonshÅ«, Japan. ... This section needs to be updated. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Emblem of the Office of Prime Minister of Japan Kantei, Official residence of PM The Prime Minister of Japan ) is the usual English-language term used for the head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Minister of the Cabinet. ...


Widely seen as a maverick leader of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), he became known as an economic reformer, focusing on Japan's government debt and the privatization of its postal service. In 2005, Koizumi led the LDP to win one of the largest parliamentary majorities in modern Japanese history. Look up maverick in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This section needs to be updated. ... Japan Post ) is a public corporation in Japan offering postal and package delivery services, banking services, and life insurance. ... History of Japan Paleolithic Jomon Yayoi Yamato period ---Kofun period ---Asuka period Nara period Heian period Kamakura period Muromachi period Azuchi-Momoyama period ---Nanban period Edo period Meiji period Taisho period Showa period ---Japanese expansionism ---Occupied Japan ---Post-Occupation Japan Heisei Pre-History/The Origin of History Jomon Period Main...


Koizumi also attracted international attention through his deployment of the Japan Self-Defense Forces to Iraq, the first foreign deployment of the Japanese military since World War II, and his visits to Yasukuni Shrine which led to diplomatic tensions with China and South Korea. The Japan Self-Defense Forces ), or JSDF, are the military forces in Japan that were established after the end of World War II. The force has not been engaged in real combat but has been engaged in some international peacekeeping operations. ... Torii Gate at Yasukuni Shrine The main building of Yasukuni Shrine Yasukuni Shrine 75th anniversary Stamp (1944) Yasukuni Shrine ) is a Shinto shrine located in Tokyo, Japan, dedicated to the spirits of soldiers and others who died fighting on behalf of the Emperor of Japan. ...

Contents

Early life

Koizumi is a third-generation politician. His father, Junya Koizumi, was director general of the Japan Defense Agency and a member of the Diet. His grandfather, Matajiro Koizumi, was Minister of Posts and Telecommunications under Prime Ministers Hamaguchi and Wakatsuki and an early advocate of postal privatization. See Koizumi family. The National Diet of Japan ) is Japans legislature. ... The Koizumi family has been prominent in Japanese politics since the early 1900s. ...


Born in Yokosuka on January 8, 1942, Koizumi was educated at Yokosuka High School and Keio University, where he studied economics. He attended University College London before returning to Japan in August 1969 upon the death of his father. He stood for election to the lower house in December; however, he did not earn enough votes to win election as a Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) representative. In 1970, he was hired as a secretary to Takeo Fukuda, who was Minister of Finance at the time and would go on to become Prime Minister in 1976. is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Keio University ) is one of the oldest private universities in Japan. ... Affiliations University of London Russell Group LERU EUA ACU Golden Triangle G5 Website http://www. ... Takeo Fukuda Takeo Fukuda (福田 赳夫 Fukuda Takeo January 14, 1905–July 5, 1995) was a Japanese politician and the 67th Prime Minister of Japan from December 24, 1976 to December 7, 1978. ...


In the general elections of December 1972, Koizumi was elected as a member of the Lower House for the 11th District of Kanagawa Prefecture. He joined Fukuda's faction within the LDP. Since then, he has been re-elected ten times.


Member of House of Representatives

Koizumi gained his first senior post in 1979 as Parliamentary Vice Minister of Finance, and his first ministerial post in 1988 as Minister of Health and Welfare under Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita. He held cabinet posts again in 1992 (Minister of Posts and Telecommunications in the Miyazawa cabinet) and 1996–1998 (Minister of Health and Welfare in the Uno and Hashimoto cabinets). Noboru Takeshita Noboru Takeshita (竹下 ç™» Takeshita Noboru, February 26, 1924–June 19, 2000) was a Japanese politician and the 74th Prime Minister of Japan from November 6, 1987 to June 3, 1989. ... Kiichi Miyazawa , October 8, 1919–June 28, 2007) was a Japanese politician and the 78th Prime Minister from November 5, 1991 to August 9, 1993. ... Sōsuke Uno (宇野 宗佑 Uno Sōsuke August 27, 1922–May 19, 1998) was a Japanese politician and the 75th Prime Minister of Japan from June 3, 1989 to August 10, 1989. ... Ryutaro Hashimoto (橋本龍太郎 Hashimoto RyÅ«tarō, July 29, 1937 - July 1, 2006) was a Japanese politician who served as the 82nd and 83rd Prime Minister of Japan from January 11, 1996 to July 30, 1998. ...


In 1994, with the LDP in opposition, Koizumi became part of a new LDP faction, Shinseiki, made up of younger and more motivated parliamentarians led by Taku Yamasaki, Koichi Kato and Koizumi, a group popularly dubbed "YKK." He competed for the presidency of the LDP in September 1995 and July 1998, but he gained little support losing decisively to Ryutaro Hashimoto and then Keizo Obuchi, both of whom had broader bases of support within the party. However, after Yamasaki and Kato were humiliated in a disastrous attempt to force a vote of no confidence against Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori in 2000, Koizumi became the last remaining credible member of the YKK trio, which gave him leverage over the reform-minded wing of the party. Taku Yamasaki (山崎 拓; Yamasaki Taku, December 11, 1936 -) is a Japanese politician, a member of the House of Representatives of Japan. ... Koichi Kato (加藤 紘一; Katō Kōichi June 17, 1939 -) is a Japanese politician . ... Ryutaro Hashimoto (橋本龍太郎 Hashimoto Ryūtarō, July 29, 1937 - July 1, 2006) was a Japanese politician who served as the 82nd and 83rd Prime Minister of Japan from January 11, 1996 to July 30, 1998. ... Keizo Obuchi Keizo Obuchi (小渕恵三; Obuchi Keizō June 25, 1937–May 14, 2000) was a Japanese politician and the 84th Prime Minister of Japan from July 30, 1998 to April 5, 2000. ... A Motion of No Confidence, also called Motion of Non Confidence is a parliamentary motion traditionally put before a parliament by the opposition in the hope of defeating or embarrassing a government. ... Yoshiro Mori Yoshiro Mori (森 喜朗 Mori Yoshirō, born July 14, 1937) is a Japanese politician who served as the 85th and 86th Prime Minister of Japan from April 5, 2000 to April 26, 2001. ...


On April 24, 2001, Koizumi was elected president of the LDP. He was initially considered an outside candidate against Hashimoto, who was running for his second term as Prime Minister. However, in the first poll of prefectural party organizations, Koizumi won 87 to 11 percent; in the second vote of Diet members, Koizumi won 51 to 40 percent. He defeated Hashimoto by a final tally of 298 to 155 votes.[1] He was made Prime Minister of Japan on April 26, and his coalition secured 78 of 121 seats in the Upper House elections in July. is the 114th day of the year (115th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


Prime Minister

Domestic policy

Within Japan, Koizumi pushed for new ways to revitalise the moribund economy, aiming to act against bad debts with commercial banks, privatize the postal savings system, and reorganise the factional structure of the LDP. He spoke of the need for a period of painful restructuring in order to improve the future.


In the fall of 2002, Koizumi appointed Keio University economist and frequent television commentator Heizo Takenaka as Minister of State for Financial Services and head of the Financial Services Agency (FSA) to fix the country's banking crisis. Bad debts of banks were dramatically cut with the NPL ratio of major banks approaching half the level of 2001. The Japanese economy has been through a slow but steady recovery, and the stock market has dramatically rebounded. The GDP growth for 2004 was one of the highest among G7 nations, according to the IMF and OECD.[citation needed] Takenaka was appointed as a Postal Reform Minister in 2004 for the privatization of Japan Post, operator of the country's Postal Savings system. Heizo Takenaka (b. ... The Financial Services Agency is a Japanese government organization responsible for overseeing banking, securities and exchange, and insurance in order to ensure the stability of the financial system of Japan. ... G7 or G-7 or Group of Seven may be: Group of Seven (G7), a group of seven industrialized nations of the world, formed in 1976 when Canada joined the Group of Six (United States of America, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom); now known as G8 (with Russia) Group... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ... The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organization of those developed countries that accept the principles of representative democracy and a free market economy. ... Japan Post ) is a public corporation in Japan offering postal and package delivery services, banking services, and life insurance. ...


Koizumi moved the LDP away from its traditional rural agrarian base toward a more urban, neoliberal core, as Japan's population grew in major cities and declined in less populated areas, although under current purely geographical districting, rural votes in Japan are still many times more powerful than urban ones. In addition to the privatization of Japan Post (which many rural residents fear will reduce their access to basic services such as banking), Koizumi also slowed down the LDP's heavy subsidies for infrastructure and industrial development in rural areas. These tensions made Koizumi a controversial but popular figure within his own party and among the Japanese electorate. The term neoliberalism is used to describe a political-economic philosophy that had major implications for government policies beginning in the 1970s – and increasingly prominent since 1980 – that de-emphasizes or rejects positive government intervention in the economy, focusing instead on achieving progress and even social justice by encouraging free...


Foreign policy

Koizumi and U.S. President George W. Bush meet at the White House on September 25, 2001
Koizumi and U.S. President George W. Bush meet at the White House on September 25, 2001

Although Koizumi's foreign policy was focused on closer relations with the United States and UN-centered diplomacy, which were adopted by all of his predecessors, he went further to pursue supporting the US policies in the War on Terrorism. He decided to deploy the Japan Self-Defense Forces to Iraq, which was the first military mission in active foreign war zones since the end of the World War II. Many Japanese commentators indicated that the favorable US-Japan relation was based on the Koizumi's personal friendship with the US President George W. Bush. In the North Korean abductions and nuclear development issues, he took more assertive attitudes than his predecessors [2]. President George W. Bush and Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi make a joint statement pledging to support each other in the fight against global terrorism during press conference in the Rose Garden September 25, 2001. ... President George W. Bush and Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi make a joint statement pledging to support each other in the fight against global terrorism during press conference in the Rose Garden September 25, 2001. ... For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about U.S. actions, and those of other states, after September 11 2001. ... The Japan Self-Defense Forces ), or JSDF, are the military forces in Japan that were established after the end of World War II. The force has not been engaged in real combat but has been engaged in some international peacekeeping operations. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... North Korea, officially the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK; Korean: Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk; Hangul: 조선민주주의인민공화국; Hanja: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國), is a country in eastern Asia, covering the northern half of the peninsula of Korea. ... In May 2004, North Korea allowed the five children of two abducted couples to leave North Korea and join their families, who had come back to Japan for a year and a half. ...


Self-Defense Forces policy

Although Koizumi did not initially campaign on the issue of defense reform[1], he approved the expansion of the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF) and in October 2001 they were given greater scope to operate outside of the country. Some of these troops were dispatched to Iraq, though only to carry out non-combat duties. Koizumi's government also introduced a bill to upgrade the Japan Defense Agency to ministry status; finally, the Defense Agency became the Japanese Ministry of Defense in January 9, 2007.[3] The Japan Self-Defense Forces ), or JSDF, are the military forces in Japan that were established after the end of World War II. The force has not been engaged in real combat but has been engaged in some international peacekeeping operations. ... In 2004, the Japanese government ordered a deployment of troops to Iraq at the request of the United States: A contingent of the Japan Self-Defense Forces was sent in order to assist the U.S.-led occupation of Iraq, sending 600 soldiers into Iraqi soil. ... The Japan Defense Agency ) is an agency of the Cabinet Office in the Cabinet of Japan. ... The Ministry of Defense ) is a ministry in the Cabinet of Japan. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...


Visits to Yasukuni Shrine

Koizumi has often been noted for his controversial visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, starting on August 13, 2001. He visited the shrine six times as prime minister. Because the shrine honors many convicted Japanese war criminals, including 14 executed Class A war criminals, these visits drew strong condemnation and protests from both Japan's neighbours, mainly China and South Korea, and, indeed, many from within Japan itself. These countries still hold bitter memories of Japanese invasion and occupation during the first half of the 20th century. As a result, China and South Korea refused to meet Koizumi in Japan and their countries, and there were no mutual visits between Chinese and Japanese leaders from October 2001, and between South Korean and Japanese leaders from June 2005. The standstill ended when the next prime minister Abe visited China and South Korea in October 2006. Torii Gate at Yasukuni Shrine The main building of Yasukuni Shrine Yasukuni Shrine 75th anniversary Stamp (1944) Yasukuni Shrine ) is a Shinto shrine located in Tokyo, Japan, dedicated to the spirits of soldiers and others who died fighting on behalf of the Emperor of Japan. ... is the 225th day of the year (226th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Japanese war crimes occurred during the period of Japanese imperialism. ... A war crime is a punishable offense, under international law, for violations of the law of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...


In China, the visits led to massive anti-Japanese riots. The president, ruling and opposition parties, and much of the media of South Korea openly condemned the visits regardless of their political positions. [4] Speeches that criticized Japan were applauded by many Koreans despite the South Korean President's low popularity. When Koizumi was asked about such speeches, Koizumi stated these are "for the domestic (audience)". This is a Korean name; the family name is Roh Roh Moo-hyun (IPA: ) (born September 1, 1946 in Gimhae, South Gyeongsang, South Korea) is the President of South Korea. ...


Although Koizumi signed the shrine's visitor book as "Junichiro Koizumi, the Prime Minister of Japan", he claimed that his visits to the shrine were as a private citizen and not an endorsement of any political stance.[5] These claims were scoffed as ineffective excuses in China and Korea. Several journals and news reports in Japan, such as one published by Kyodo News Agency on August 15, 2006, questioned the validity of the claim that Koizumi was visiting as a private citizen, as he recorded his name on the shrine's guestbook as prime minister, and visited the shrine yearly as part of his campaign pledge, which was political in nature. is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Koizumi revisited the shrine again in August 15, 2007, after having resigned as prime minister, to mark the 62nd anniversary of Japan's surrender in World War Two. However, his 2007 visit was met with less attention from the media than on prior occasions.[6][7]


Statements on World War II

On August 15, 2005, the sixtieth anniversary of the end of World War II, Koizumi publicly stated that Japan was deeply saddened by the suffering it caused during World War II and vowed Japan would never again take "the path to war". [2] However, Koizumi was criticized for actions which allegedly ran contrary to this expression of remorse (e.g. the Yasukuni visits), which resulted in worsening relations with China and South Korea. is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...


Popularity

Koizumi meets children in Sea Island, Georgia, shortly before the 2004 G8 summit.
Koizumi meets children in Sea Island, Georgia, shortly before the 2004 G8 summit.

Initially Koizumi was at certain points in his tenure an extremely popular leader, with his outspoken nature and colourful past. His nicknames included "Lionheart", due to his hair style and fierce spirit, and "Maverick".[1] During his tenure in office, it was common for the Japanese public to refer to him as "Jun-chan". In June 2001, he enjoyed an approval rating of 85 percent, with only 7 percent disapproving.[8] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (515x772, 89 KB) Junichiro Koizumi arriving at the G8 summit in Sea Island, GA, US, June 2004. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (515x772, 89 KB) Junichiro Koizumi arriving at the G8 summit in Sea Island, GA, US, June 2004. ... Sea Island is an isolated resort island located in Glynn County just off the Atlantic coast of southern Georgia in the United States. ... Group of Eight redirects here. ...


In January 2002, he sacked his popular but volatile Foreign Minister Makiko Tanaka, replacing her with Yoriko Kawaguchi. By April, following an economic slump and a series of LDP scandals that claimed the career of YKK member Koichi Kato, Koizumi's popularity rating had fallen 40 percentage points since his nomination as prime minister.[9] Makiko Tanaka (田中 真紀子 Tanaka Makiko, born in Nishiyama, Niigata,January 14, 1944) is a Japanese politician, the daughter of former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka. ... Yoriko Kawaguchi (川口 順子 Kawaguchi Yoriko) (born January 14, 1941) is a Japanese politician. ... Koichi Kato (加藤 紘一; Katō Kōichi June 17, 1939 -) is a Japanese politician . ...


Koizumi was re-elected in 2003 and his popularity surged as the economy recovered. His proposal to cut pension benefits as a move to fiscal reform, however, turned out to be highly unpopular. Also, his two visits to North Korea to solve the issue of abducted Japanese nationals only somewhat raised his popularity, as he could not secure the return of many abductees to Japan. This restricted his administration's approval rating in the House of Councilors elections in 2004 to being only marginally better than the opposition Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ). Elections to the House of Councillors, the upper house of the legislature of Japan, were held on July 11, 2004. ... The Democratic Party of Japan ) is a liberal party in Japan. ...


In 2005, the House of Councilors rejected the contentious postal privatization bills. Koizumi previously made it clear that he would dissolve the lower house if the bill failed to pass. The Democratic Party, while expressing support for the privatization, made a tactical vote against the bill. Fifty-one LDP members also either voted against the bills or abstained. Japan Post ) is a public corporation in Japan offering postal and package delivery services, banking services, and life insurance. ...


On August 8, 2005, Koizumi, as promised, dissolved the House of Representatives and called for snap elections. He also expelled rebel LDP members for not supporting the bill. The LDP's chances for success were initially uncertain; the secretary general of New Komeito (a junior coalition partner with Koizumi's Liberal Democratic Party) said that his party would entertain forming a coalition government with the Democratic Party of Japan if the DPJ took a majority in the House of Representatives.[10] is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A snap election is an election called earlier than scheduled. ... The New Komeito ), New Komeito Party , or NKP is a political party in Japan founded by Daisaku Ikeda, leader of the Buddhist organization Soka Gakkai. ...


Koizumi's popularity rose almost twenty points after he dissolved the House and expelled rebel LDP members, with opinion polls placing the government's approval ratings between 51 and 59 percent. The electorate saw the election in terms of a vote for or against the reform (privatisation), which the Democratic Party and rebel LDP members were seen as being against.


The September 2005 elections were the LDP's largest victory since 1986, giving the party a large majority in the House of Representatives and nullifying opposing voices in the House of Councilors. In the following Diet session, the last to be held under Koizumi's government, the LDP passed 82 of its 91 proposed bills, including postal privatization.[3] For a breakdown of the results by block district with maps, see Results of Japan general election, 2005 Japan held a nationwide election to the House of Representatives, the more powerful lower house of the National Diet, on 11 September 2005, about two years before the end of the term... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...


Resignation

Koizumi announced that he would step down from office in 2006, per LDP rules, and would not personally choose a successor as many LDP prime ministers have in the past. On September 20, 2006, Shinzo Abe was elected to succeed Koizumi as president of the LDP. Abe succeeded Koizumi as prime minister on September 26, 2006. is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Shinzo Abe , ; born 21 September 1954) is the current Prime Minister of Japan, elected by a special session of the National Diet on 26 September 2006. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Personal life

Koizumi married 21-year-old university student Kayoko Miyamoto in 1978. The couple had been formally introduced to each other as potential spouses, a common practice known as omiai. The wedding ceremony at the Tokyo Prince Hotel was attended by about 2,500 people, including Fukuda (then Prime Minister), and featured a wedding cake shaped like the National Diet Building.[11] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Exterior view. ...


The marriage ended in divorce in 1982. Kayoko was unhappy with her lifestyle and Koizumi did not see Kayoko as a viable political wife.[11] After this divorce, Koizumi never married again, saying that divorce consumed ten times more energy than marriage.[12] Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the ending of a marriage before the death of either spouse. ...


Two of his three sons (Kotaro Koizumi and Shinjiro Koizumi) were kept in Koizumi's custody and raised by one of Koizumi's sisters. Although Kayoko claims that she was to be allowed to see her two sons once they reach the age of 16,[citation needed] this did not happen[citation needed] and she has not been able to see them since the divorce.[citation needed] The youngest, Yoshinaga Miyamoto, a student at Keio University, was born following the divorce[13] and has never met Koizumi. This third son is known to have attended one of Koizumi's rallies, but was also turned away when trying to meet his father by attending his grandmother's funeral.[14] Kotaro Koizumi (小泉 孝太郎 Koizumi Kōtarō, born July 10, 1978 in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture) is a Japanese actor and the eldest son of the current Japanese Prime Minister, Junichiro Koizumi, and Kayoko Miyamoto. ...

Koizumi, hosted by U.S. President George W. Bush, at Graceland in 2006
Koizumi, hosted by U.S. President George W. Bush, at Graceland in 2006

Koizumi is a fan of Richard Wagner, X Japan, and the Japanese pop band Morning Musume,[citation needed] and has released a CD of his favorite pieces by contemporary Italian composer Ennio Morricone.[15]. Image File history File linksMetadata Koizumi_in_Graceland_2006. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Koizumi_in_Graceland_2006. ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as they were later called). ... X Japan, or X which was their initial name, was a Japanese Visual kei band, the brainchild of Yoshiki (Yoshiki Hayashi). ... It has been suggested that Members of Morning Musume be merged into this article or section. ... Ennio Morricone (born November 10, 1928; sometimes also credited as Dan Savio or Leo Nichols) is an Italian composer especially noted for his film scores. ...


Koizumi is also a noted fan of Elvis Presley, with whom he shares a birthday (January 8). In 2001 he released a collection of his favorite Elvis songs on CD with his comments about each song. His brother is Senior Advisor of the Tokyo Elvis Fan Club. Koizumi and his brother helped finance a statue of Elvis in Tokyo's Harajuku district. On June 30, 2006, he visited the rock legend's former estate, Graceland, accompanied by U.S. President George W. Bush, and First Lady Laura Bush. After arriving in Memphis aboard Air Force One, they headed to Graceland. While there, Koizumi briefly sang a few bars of his favourite Elvis tunes, whilst warmly impersonating Presley, mimicking his characteristic hand movements and leg shakes, and wearing Presley's trademark oversized golden sunglasses.[16] Elvis redirects here. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Harajuku (disambiguation). ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Graceland (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Memphis (disambiguation). ... For the current aircraft, see Boeing VC-25. ...


Koizumi also seems to be a fan of Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. He and Finnish Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen visited the Sibelius' home on September 8, 2006. There Koizumi showed respect to the deceased composer with a moment of silence. He also owns reproductions of all seven symphonies by Sibelius. Johan Julius Christian Jean / Janne Sibelius ( ; December 8, 1865 – September 20, 1957) was a Finnish composer of classical music and one of the most notable composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Matti Taneli Vanhanen ( ) (born November 4, 1955, in Jyväskylä) is the current Prime Minister of Finland, as well as Chairman of the Centre Party. ... Ainola stands on the scenic shores of Lake Tuusula in Järvenpää, about 30 minutes drive from the Finnish capital, Helsinki. ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Koizumi cabinets

First
(April 26, 2001)
First, Realigned
(September 30, 2002)
Second
(November 19, 2003)
Second, Realigned
(September 22, 2004)
Third, Realigned
(2005-10-31)
Secretary Yasuo Fukuda 4 Hiroyuki Hosoda Shinzo Abe
Internal Affairs Toranosuke Katayama Taro Aso Heizo Takenaka 3
Justice Mayumi Moriyama Daizo Nozawa Chieko Nohno Seiken Sugiura
Foreign Affairs Makiko Tanaka 1 Yoriko Kawaguchi Nobutaka Machimura Taro Aso
Finance Masajuro Shiokawa Sadakazu Tanigaki
Education Atsuko Toyama Takeo Kawamura Nariaki Nakayama Kenji Kosaka
Health Chikara Sakaguchi Hidehisa Otsuji Jiro Kawasaki
Agriculture Tsutomu Takebe Tadamori Oshima 2 Yoshiyuki Kamei Yoshinobu Shimamura Shoichi Nakagawa
Economy Takeo Hiranuma Shoichi Nakagawa Toshihiro Nikai
Land Chikage Oogi Nobuteru Ishihara Kazuo Kitagawa
Environment Hiroshi Oki 1 Shunichi Suzuki Yuriko Koike
Public Safety Jin Murai Sadakazu Tanigaki Kiyoko Ono Yoshitaka Murata Tetsuo Kutsukake
Disaster Prevention Yoshitada Konoike Kiichi Inoue
Defense Gen Nakatani Shigeru Ishiba Yoshinori Ono Fukushiro Nukaga
Economic Policy Heizo Takenaka 3 Heizo Takenaka Heizo Takenaka Kaoru Yosano
Financial Affairs Hakuo Yanagisawa Tatsuya Ito
Admin. and Reg. Reform Nobuteru Ishihara Kazuyoshi Kaneko Seiichiro Murakami Koki Chuma
Technology Koji Omi Hiroyuki Hosoda Toshimitsu Motegi Yasufumi Tanahashi Iwao Matsuda
Youth and Gender Kuniko Inoguchi

Notes: is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... In Japan, the Chief Cabinet Secretary ) is the Minister of State charged with directing the Cabinet Secretariat. ... Yasuo Fukuda , born July 16, 1936) is a Japanese politician. ... Hiroyuki Hosoda (細田博之) (b. ... Shinzo Abe , ; born 21 September 1954) is the current Prime Minister of Japan, elected by a special session of the National Diet on 26 September 2006. ... Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (総務省 Soumu-sho) is one of ministries in the Cabinet of Japan. ... Taro Aso Taro Aso (麻生太郎 Asō Tarō, born September 20, 1940 in Iizuka, Fukuoka) is the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Government of Japan. ... Heizo Takenaka (b. ... The Justice Minister is a cabinet position in a government. ... Mayumi Moriyama born 1927) is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). ... Chieko Nohno (b. ... Seiken Sugiura (杉浦正健 Sugiura Seiken, born July 26, 1934) is a Japanese politician. ... A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a cabinet minister that helps to form foreign policy for sovereign nations. ... Makiko Tanaka (田中 真紀子 Tanaka Makiko, born in Nishiyama, Niigata,January 14, 1944) is a Japanese politician, the daughter of former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka. ... Yoriko Kawaguchi (川口 順子 Kawaguchi Yoriko) (born January 14, 1941) is a Japanese politician. ... Nobutaka Machimura at the Foreign ministry in Tokyo in a meeting with the US Secretary Rice. ... Taro Aso Taro Aso (麻生太郎 Asō Tarō, born September 20, 1940 in Iizuka, Fukuoka) is the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Government of Japan. ... The finance minister is a cabinet position in a government. ... Masajuro Shiokawa (塩川正十郎, b. ... Sadakazu Tanigaki , born March 7, 1945) is Japans Minister of Finance in the cabinet of Junichiro Koizumi. ... The Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology is the member of the Cabinet of Japan in charge of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. ... This article is about a baseball player. ... Nariaki Nakayama (b. ... Kenji Kosaka (小坂憲次, b. ... Chikara Sakaguchi (坂口力, b. ... Hidehisa Otsuji (尾辻秀久 Otsuji Hidehisa) (born October 2, 1940) is the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare in the Cabinet of Junichiro Koizumi. ... Jiro Kawasaki (川崎二郎, b. ... Tsutomu Takebe is Japans current (2005) secretary general. ... Yoshiyuki Kamei (亀井善之 Kamei Yoshiyuki) (b. ... Yoshinobu Shimamura (b. ... Shoichi Nakagawa (中川 昭一 Nakagawa Shōichi, born July 19, 1953, Hokkaidō), is a Japanese politician currently serving as Chairman of the Policy Research Council of the Liberal Democratic Party. ... Takeo Hiranuma (平沼 赳夫 Hiranuma Takao) (born 3 August 1939 in Shinjuku, Tokyo) is a Japanese politician. ... Shoichi Nakagawa (中川 昭一 Nakagawa Shōichi, born July 19, 1953, Hokkaidō), is a Japanese politician currently serving as Chairman of the Policy Research Council of the Liberal Democratic Party. ... Toshihiro Nikai (二階俊博 Nikai Toshihiro, born February 17, 1939) is a Japanese politician currently serving as Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry. ... The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (国土交通省; Kokudo-kōtsÅ«-shō) is one of ministries of the Japanese government. ... Nobuteru Ishihara (石原伸晃, b. ... Kazuo Kitagawa (b. ... A minister of the environment or secretary of the environment, is a cabinet position in charge of a government ministry dealing with the natural environment. ... Shunichi Suzuki(鈴木俊一) is the name of two Japanese politicians. ... Yuriko Koike , born July 15, 1952) is a Japanese politician currently serving in the House of Representatives of Japan and as Minister of Defense in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. ... The National Public Safety Commission ) is a Japanese Cabinet Office commission. ... Sadakazu Tanigaki , born March 7, 1945) is Japans Minister of Finance in the cabinet of Junichiro Koizumi. ... Yoshitaka Murata (b. ... Tetsuo Kutsukake (沓掛 哲男, b. ... The Japan Defense Agency ) is an agency of the Cabinet Office in the Cabinet of Japan. ... Gen Nakatani (中谷 å…ƒ) is a Japanese politican who served as head of the Japan Defense Agency in the first cabinet of Junichiro Koizumi. ... Shigeru Ishiba (石破 茂 Ishiba Shigeru, born February 4, 1957) is Japans Minister of Defense under Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda. ... Yoshinori Ohno (大野功統 ÅŒno Yoshinori, born October 16, 1935) is the Minister of State for Defense in Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumis Cabinet in charge of Defense Agency. ... Fukushiro Nukaga (額賀福志郎, b. ... Heizo Takenaka (b. ... Heizo Takenaka (b. ... Heizo Takenaka (b. ... Kaoru Yosano born August 22, 1938) is a Japanese politician who has been the Chief Cabinet Secretary to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe since August 2007. ... Hakuo Yanagisawa Hakuo Yanagisawa , August 18, 1935 in Fukuroi, Shizuoka) is a Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan (2006 - ). He drew criticism for describing women as birth-giving machines and a baby making devices in a speech on the falling birthrate in January 2007, as the Government announced... Tatsuya Ito (b. ... Nobuteru Ishihara (石原伸晃, b. ... Seiichiro Murakami (born May 11, 1952) is the Minister of State for Regulatory Reform, the Minister of State for Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan, the Minister of State for Administrative Reform, the Minister of State for Special Zones for Structural Reform and the Minister of State for Regional Revitalization in... Kōji Omi , b. ... Hiroyuki Hosoda (細田博之) (b. ... Yasufumi Tanahashi (b. ... Kuniko Inoguchi , born May 3, 1952) is a Japanese politician currently serving as Minister of State for Gender Equality and Social Affairs. ...

  1. Makiko Tanaka was fired on January 29, 2002. Koizumi served as interim foreign minister until February 1, when he appointed then-environment minister Yoriko Kawaguchi to the post. Koizumi appointed Hiroshi Oki to replace Kawaguchi.
  2. Oshima resigned on March 31, 2003 due to a farm-subsidy scandal. He was replaced by Kamei, who was kept in the next reshuffle.
  3. Takenaka has also held the portfolio of Minister of State for Postal Privatization since the first Koizumi cabinet. He is the only person to serve on Koizumi's cabinet through all five reshuffles.
  4. Fukuda resigned on May 7, 2004 and was replaced by Hosoda.

Makiko Tanaka (田中 真紀子 Tanaka Makiko, born in Nishiyama, Niigata,January 14, 1944) is a Japanese politician, the daughter of former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka. ... is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Yoriko Kawaguchi (川口 順子 Kawaguchi Yoriko) (born January 14, 1941) is a Japanese politician. ... is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

  1. ^ a b c Anderson, Gregory E., "Lionheart or Paper Tiger? A First-term Koizumi Retrospective," Asian Perspective 28:149–182, March 2004.
  2. ^ "[1]"'「自衛隊のイラク人道復興支援活動に関する特別世論調査」の概要', Cabinet Office of Japan
  3. ^ a b "Diet closes for summer, puts lid on Koizumi legacy," Japan Times (registration required), June 17, 2006.
  4. ^ "Lawmakers visit Japanese Embassy to protest Koizumi's planned Seoul trip," The Korea Herald, October 12, 2001.
  5. ^ "Koizumi not backing down on Yasukuni," The Japan Times (registration required), January 26, 2006.
  6. ^ Yahoo news
  7. ^ Former Japanese PM Koizumi Visits War Shrine in Tokyo (Update4)
  8. ^ Koizumi's popularity hits fresh peak, CNN.com, June 12, 2001.
  9. ^ "Koizumi ally quits politics over scandal," BBC News, April 8, 2002.
  10. ^ "New Komeito exec signals willingness to jump LDP ship," The Japan Times (registration required), July 28, 2005.
  11. ^ a b "Japan's Destroyer," TIME, 10 September 2001.
  12. ^ "[Koizumi's ex-wife ready to lend a hand, has 'nothing to lose']," Kyodo News, May 9, 2001.
  13. ^ "[For Japanese, a Typical Tale of Divorce]," Washington Post, May 19, 2001.
  14. ^ Japanese PM keeps lost son at bay," '"The Times, September 4, 2005.
  15. ^ Watashi no daisuki na morrikone myujikku, ASIN B000ALJ04G. Amazon link
  16. ^ Singing Japan PM tours Graceland, BBC News, June 30, 2006.

is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 285th day of the year (286th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... April 8 is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

  • Richard Lloyd Parry, "Enigma behind Koizumi's winning smile", Times supplement to the Daily Yomiuri, Sunday, September 18, 2005, p.15

is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Preceded by
Yoshiro Mori
Prime Minister of Japan
2001-2006
Succeeded by
Shinzo Abe
Preceded by
Makiko Tanaka
Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan
2002
Succeeded by
Yoriko Kawaguchi

  Results from FactBites:
 
Junichiro Koizumi - MSN Encarta (743 words)
Junichiro Koizumi (Western style), born in 1942, Japanese politician and prime minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006.
Koizumi was inaugurated as prime minister the same month and immediately underlined his reformist intentions by appointing five women to the cabinet.
Koizumi was reelected leader of the LDP in September 2003, comfortably deflecting challenges from conservative members of the party.
Metropolis - Big in Japan: Junichiro Koizumi (512 words)
For starters, Koizumi is currently single and makes no bones about going on official engagements without a female companion, something previously frowned upon in the conservative world of the Diet.
And to top it all, Koizumi even has opinions and isn't afraid to speak his mind in public-a brave move considering the gaffes that led to predecessor Mori's downfall.
This year, the time was right for Koizumi, and he gained 287 votes out of a possible 478 to snatch the honors from his old boss, Ryuichi Hashimoto, who was eyeing the premiership for a second time.
  More results at FactBites »


 

COMMENTARY     


Share your thoughts, questions and commentary here
Your name
Your comments
Please enter the 5-letter protection code

Want to know more?
Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 


Lesson Plans | Student Area | Student FAQ | Reviews | Press Releases |  Feeds | Contact
The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL.
Images may be subject to relevant owners' copyright.
All other elements are (c) copyright NationMaster.com 2003-5. All Rights Reserved.
Usage implies agreement with terms.