NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kalarippayattu

Kalarippayattu (IPA: [kaɭaɾipːajatɨ̆], Malayalam: കളരിപയറ്റ്) is a Dravidian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu of Southern India. It incorporates strikes, kicks, grappling, martial dance, and weaponry, as well as healing techniques.^[1] Malayalam (à´®à´²à´¯à´¾à´³à´‚ ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari (early 19th century) DevanÄgarÄ« (à¤¦à¥‡à¤µà¤¨à¤¾à¤—à¤°à¥€ â€” in English pronounced ) (ISCII â€“ IS13194:1991) [1] is an abugida alphabet used to write several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Bihari, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri and Nepali from Nepal. ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: à´•àµ‡à´°à´³à´‚; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the two Union Territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... IPA may refer to: The International Phonetic Alphabet or India Pale Ale ... Malayalam (à´®à´²à´¯à´¾à´³à´‚ ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... // [edit] List of Dravidian Martial Arts by state or province [edit] Kerala Kalarippayattu (à´•àµà´…à´²à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ) Marma Adi (à´®à´°àµà´® à´…à´¦à´¿) [edit] Tamil Nadu & Northeast Sri Lanka Adithada (à®…à®Ÿà®¿à®¤à®Ÿ) Kuttu Varisai (à®•à¯à®¤à¯à®¤à¯à®µà®°à®¿à®šà¯ˆ) Malyutham (à®®à®²à¯à®¯à¯à®¤à®®à¯) Varma Kalai (à®µà®°à¯à®®à®•à¯à®•à®²à¯ˆ) [edit] See also Tamil Martial Arts Categories: | ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: à´•àµ‡à´°à´³à´‚; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the two Union Territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ...

Etymology

The term Kalarippayattu is a tatpurusha compound formed from the words kalari (Malayalam: കളരി) meaning school or gymnasium and payattu (Malayalam: പയററ്) derived from "payattuka meaning to fight or to exercise or to put hard work into. A Tatpurusha is a type of compound in Sanskrit grammar. ...

When it is probable that the systems of martial practice assumed a structure and style akin those extant today. Belying the assumption that the compound itself might have an equally antique use as the singular kalari and payattu, the unpublished Malayalam Lexicon notes that the earliest use of the compound, Kalarippayattu is in Ulloor Parameswaram's early twentieth century drama, Amba.

Although M.D. Raghavan suggested that Kalari was derived from the Sanskrit khalūrikā, Burrow has alternatively suggested that khalūrikā ("parade ground, arena") and its Sanskrit root, khala- ("threshing floor") are Dravidian loan words. The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... For other uses, see Dravidian (disambiguation). ...

History

Image File history File links India_map_kerala. ... Image File history File links India_map_kerala. ... South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the two Union Territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ...

Origins

The word "kalari" can be traced to ancient Sangam literature.^[2] The martial tradition of Kalarippayattu is also dated to ancient Dravidian traditions.^[3] The earliest mention of the concept marmam also dates back to the Rig Veda where Indra is said to have defeated Vritra by attacking his marman with his vajra.^[4] References to marman also found in the Atharva Veda.^[5] Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalari Puttara The word Kalari means battle ground in Tamil. ... Sangam literature refers to a body of classical Tamil literature created between the years 200 BCE and 300 CE.[1][2] This collection contains 2381 poems written by 473 poets, some 102 of whom are anonymous authors[3]. The period during which these poems were written is commonly referred to... Languages Dravidian languages Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Traditional religions Related ethnic groups Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Dravidian people, Dravidian race or Dravidians are terms that are some times given to people of mainly Southern India, Northeastern Sri Lanka, and parts of Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal who currently... Marmam (Pressure points) are vulnerable parts of the human body. ... The Rig Veda ऋग्वेद (Sanskrit ṛc praise + veda knowledge) is the earliest of the four Hindu religious scriptures known as the Vedas. ... For other uses, see Indra (disambiguation). ... In the early Vedic religion, Vritra (Sanskrit: à¤µà¥ƒà¤¤à¥à¤° (DevanÄgarÄ«) or (IAST)) the enveloper, was an Asura and also a serpent or dragon, the personification of drought and enemy of Indra. ... Vajrasattva holds the vajra in his right hand and a bell in his left hand. ... The Atharva Veda is a sacred text of Hinduism, part of the four books of the Vedas. ...

Phillip Zarrilli, a professor at the University of Exeter and one of the few Western authorities on kalaripayattu, estimates that kalarippayattu dates back to at least the 12th century CE.^[1] The historian Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai attributes the birth of Kalarippayattu to an extended period of warfare between the Cheras and the Cholas in the 11th century CE.^[1] .Kalarippayattu may be one of the oldest martial arts in existence.^[6] The oldest western reference to Kalarippayattu is a 16th century travelogue of Duarte Barbosa, a Portuguese explorer. Phillip Zarrilli is a notable martial artist. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... The Chera dynasty (Tamil: à®šà¯‡à®°à®°à¯) was one of the ancient Tamil dynasties that ruled southern India from ancient times until around the fifteenth century CE. The Early Cheras ruled over the Malabar Coast, Coimbatore, Karur and Salem Districts in South India, which now forms part of the modern day Kerala and... The Cholas were a South Indian Tamil dynasty, antedating the early Sangam literature (c. ... Duarte Barbosa was a Portuguese writer and trader. ...

Revival

Kalarippayattu underwent a period of decline when Nairs lost to the British after the introduction of firearms and especially after the full establishment of British colonial rule in the 19th century.^[1] The resurgence of public interest in kalarippayattu began in the 1920s in Tellicherry as part of a wave of rediscovery of the traditional arts throughout South India^[1] and continued through the 1970s surge of general worldwide interest in martial arts.^[7] In recent years, efforts have been made to further popularise the art, with it featuring in international films. Some dance schools incorporate kalaripayattu as part of their exercise regimen. Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ...

Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 639 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1621 Ã— 1520 pixel, file size: 834 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Shiva dansant, Inde, pÃ©riode Cola, MusÃ©e Guimet, Paris File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other... The Indian subcontinent is home to a variety of martial arts, including Pehlwani, Kalarippayattu, Vajra Mushti and Gatka. ... Pehlwani Modern wrestling, or Pehlwani , is a synthesis of an indigenous Aryan form of wrestling that dates back at least to the 5th century BC [1] and a Persian form of wrestling brought into South Asia by the Mughals. ... Mallayuddha (literally wrestling combat)[1] is the martial art of classical Indian wrestling. ... Vajra Mushti (or Vajra Mukti)/Diamond Fist is one of the oldest martial arts of India . ... Sikhs with chakrams, inscribed Nihang Abchal Nagar (Nihangs from Hazur Sahib), 1844 The chakram is a throwing weapon that was used by the ancient Indians; it is a flat metal ring with a sharp outer edge from 5 to 12 inches in diameter. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Gatka (Punjabi: , ) is a traditional Sikh martial art. ... This is a list of martial arts, broken down by region and style. ... The Great Gama The Great Gama (1882-1960), also known as Rustam-e-zaman Gama Pahelvan, born Ghulam Muhammad, in Amritsar, India, was a renowned wrestler and the first inhabitant of British India to claim an international title in any sport. ... Phillip Zarrilli is a notable martial artist. ... Jasmine Simhalan (born 13th November 1970 in Chennai, India) is a notable practitioner of Indian martial arts and Classical Indian dance. ... The Jyesthimalla (literally the greatest warriors) are a clan of martial artists in India who practice the martial art of Vajra Mushti. ... Gobar Goho is a legendary Indian wrestler and a practitoner of the Indian style of Pehlwani wrestling. ... // The Art of Pehlwani Pehlwani in India and Pakistan Pehlwani (also spelled as pahlwani) is a form of wrestling native to India. ... This article lacks information on the importance of the subject matter. ... Gulam was a renowed wrestler and a practitioner of the Indian wrestling style of Pehlwani. ... Mid-nineteenth century miniature of Guru Hargobind. ... John Will is a notable martial artist from Australia. ... For the Bollywood film of the same name see Kshatriya Kshatriya (Hindi: , from Sanskrit: , ) is one of the four varnas, or castes, in Hinduism. ... For other uses, see Yoga (disambiguation). ... // [edit] List of Dravidian Martial Arts by state or province [edit] Kerala Kalarippayattu (à´•àµà´…à´²à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ) Marma Adi (à´®à´°àµà´® à´…à´¦à´¿) [edit] Tamil Nadu & Northeast Sri Lanka Adithada (à®…à®Ÿà®¿à®¤à®Ÿ) Kuttu Varisai (à®•à¯à®¤à¯à®¤à¯à®µà®°à®¿à®šà¯ˆ) Malyutham (à®®à®²à¯à®¯à¯à®¤à®®à¯) Varma Kalai (à®µà®°à¯à®®à®•à¯à®•à®²à¯ˆ) [edit] See also Tamil Martial Arts Categories: | ... Shirodhara, one of the techniques of Ayurveda Ayurveda (Devanagari: ) or Ayurvedic medicine is an ancient system of health care that is native to the Indian subcontinent. ... There are 2 styles of martial arts native to Sri Lanka:Cheena di and Angampora. ... Foreign influence on Chinese martial arts, or more specifically, Shaolin Kung Fu, is endorsed by the traditional Shaolin temple claims and the claims of a majority of martial arts historians. ...

Styles of Kalaripayattu

There are many different styles of Kalarippayattu. If one looks at the way attacks and defences are performed, one can distinguish three main schools of thought: the northern styles, the central styles, and the southern styles. The best introduction to the differences between these styles is the book of Luijendijk. Luijendijk uses photographs to show several Kalarippayattu exercises and their applications. Each chapter in his book references a representative of each of the three main traditions.^[8]

Northern Kalaripayattu

Northern kalarippayattu (practiced mainly in the northern Malabar region of Kozhikode and Kannur)^[1] places comparatively more emphasis on weapons than on empty hands.^[1] Masters in this system are usually known as gurukkal (and only occasionally as asan), and were often given honorific titles, especially Panikkar.^[1] By oral and written traditions, Parasurama, the sixth Avatar of Vishnu, is believed to be the founder of the art.^[1] Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... [Land of uncivilised] Bekal Fort Beach, Kerala Malabar (Malayalam: à´®à´²à´¬à´¾à´°àµâ€ ) is a region of southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, and derived from the Malayalam word Mala mean Hill and Persian word Bar means Kingdom, and is same as the word meaning of Malayalam. ... , For the district with the same name, see Kozhikode District. ... For the district with the name Kannur, see Kannur District. ... Gurukkal (The last consonant is pronounced as a Retroflex lateral approximant), Malayalam script à´—àµà´°àµà´•àµà´•à´³àµ, is a term used in the Malayalam language which means Master or Teacher. Yoga teachers and Kalarippayattu masters are usually referred as Gurukkal. ... In Hinduism, Parashurama (axe-wielding Rama) is the sixth avatar of Vishnu, and a son of Jamadagni. ...

Northern kalarippayattu is distinguished by its meippayattu - physical training and use of full-body oil massage.^[1] The system of treatment and massage, and the assumptions about practice are closely associated with Ayurveda.^[1] The purpose of medicinal oil massage is to increase the practitioners' flexibility, to treat muscle injuries incurred during practice, or when a patient has problems related to the bone tissue, the muscles, or nerve system. The term for such massages is thirumal and the massage specifically for physical flexibility chavutti thirumal. There are several lineages (sampradayam), of which the arappukai is the most common nowadays. There are schools which teach more than one of these traditions. Some traditional kalaris around Cannanore, for example, teach a blend of arappukai, pillatanni, and katadanath styles.^[8] Shirodhara, one of the techniques of Ayurveda Ayurveda (Devanagari: ) or Ayurvedic medicine is an ancient system of health care that is native to the Indian subcontinent. ...

Southern Kalaripayattu

In southern styles of kalarippayattu (practised mainly in old Travancore inluding the present Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu)^[1], practice and fighting techniques emphasize empty hands and application from the first lesson.^[1] In the southern styles the stages of training are Chuvatu (solo forms), Jodi (partner training/sparring), Kurunthadi (short stick), Neduvadi (long stick), Katthi (knife), Katara (dagger), valum parichayum (sword and shield), Chuttuval (flexible long sword), double sword and Marmma and kalari grappling. The southern styles of kalarippayattu have been practised primarily by a section Nairs and Ezhavas of kerala and a small section of Nadars, Kallars, Thevars,^[1] of estwhile Travancore areas. Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Flag for former princely state of Travancore Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor (Malayalam: à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´™àµà´•àµ‚à´°àµâ€ [], à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´‚à´•àµ‚à´°àµâ€ [], à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´¾à´™àµà´•àµ‹à´Ÿàµ []) was a princely state in India with its capital at Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram). ... For other uses, see Kanyakumari (disambiguation). ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Kalarippayattu (IPA: [kaÉaÉ¾ipËajatÉ¨Ì†], Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu. ... Jodi, or jodi. ... Cheruvadi or Muchan or Kuruvadi is a term in kalarippayattu, a martial art practiced in Kerala, India It is practiced as the second part of kolthari stage of kalari payat. ... The Urumi or Chuttuval is a long sword made of flexible steel, sharp enough to cut into flesh, but flexible enough to be rolled into a tight coil. ... This article is about a Hindu caste. ... Ezhava is the largest and one of the major progressive communities in Kerala, a south Indian state. ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: à´•àµ‡à´°à´³à´‚; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... Nadar also Kshatriya Nadar, Natar, Sanar and Chanar is one of the Tamil and Malayalam castes found primarily in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and in the Tamil diaspora, particularly those living in Sri Lanka. ... Mukulathar or Mukulathor also Mukkulathor is a relatively new name for related social groups or castes of south Tamil Nadu state of India. ...

Zarrilli refers to southern kalarippayattu as Varma ati (the 'law of hitting') or marma ati (hitting the vital spots).^[1] The preliminary empty-hand techniques of Varma ati and Adithada (hit/defend).^[1] Marma ati refers specifically to the application of these techniques to vital spots.^[1] Weapons may include long staffs, short sticks, and the double deer horns.^[1] Southern styles of kalarippayattu are not usually practiced in special roofed pits but rather in the open air, or in an unroofed enclosure of palm branches.^[1] . Masters are known as 'asaan rather than gurukkal(in Northern style) .^[1] The founder and patron saint is believed to be the rishi Agasthya.^[1] Varma ati or marma ati (also called Varma Kalari ) or Varma Kalai (Tamil: ) is a martial art practised in old Travancore including present day Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu and is called the southern style of kalarippayattu. ... Varma ati or marma ati (also called Varma Kalari ) or Varma Kalai (Tamil: ) is a martial art practised in old Travancore including present day Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu and is called the southern style of kalarippayattu. ... Adithada (Adi means kick and thada means block) is a martial art originating from the south of India that is similar to Japanese Karate and Kickboxing. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A rishi (Sanskrit à¤‹à¤·à¤¿: ) is a Hindu saint or sage. ... In Hinduism, Agastya (à¤…à¤—à¤¸à¥à¤¤à¥à¤¯ in devanagari, pronounced as É™gÉ™styÉ™; also transliterated as Agathiar, Agasthiar, Agastyar and in other ways) is a legendary Vedic sage or rishi. ...

Medical treatment in southern styles of kalarippayattu—which does include massage—is identified with Dravidian Siddha medicine^[9] which is as sophisticated as—though distinct from—Ayurveda. The Dravidian Siddha medical system is also known as Siddha Vaidyam is attributed to the rishi Agasthya. A Siddha in Sanskrit means One who is accomplished and refers to perfected masters who have transcended the Ahamkara (Ego or I-maker), have subdued their minds to be subservient to their Awareness, and have transformed their bodies composed of dense Rajo-tama Gunas into pure Satvic light. ...

Varma Kalari - Neuro Martial Art

A great warfare, part of southern style of kalarippayattu, practised by the Royal Thiruppad Nadans to defeat/kill the enemy without any external injuries are called Varmam or Marmam. Varma Kalari is the master of all arts, royal to its name, practised by special Asaans(super masters). An Asaan of special rank is a super master over 108 Kalaries, which were the real kingmakers like the ancient Gramavadins or Gramanis, a term applied to communities like Nadars and Ezhavas. They were the very ancient ruling tribes of India.Link [1] Varma ati or marma ati (also called Varma Kalari )is a martial art practised in old Travancore including present day Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu and is called the southern style of kalarippayattu. ... Marmam (Pressure points) are vulnerable parts of the human body. ... Kalari Puttara The word Kalari means battle ground in Tamil. ... Nadar could mean: Nadar, the pseudonym of Gaspard-FÃ©lix Tournachon Nadar, a prominent Tamil caste of India and in the Tamil diaspora The Prix Nadar is awarded annually for a book of photographs edited in France. ... Ezhava is the largest and one of the major progressive communities in Kerala, a south Indian state. ...

Chilambam

Chilambam is a stick fighting, part of southern style of kalarippayattu. This style supposedly originates from the Kurinji hills, present day kerala Kerala, 5000 years ago, where natives were using bamboo staves to defend themselves against wild animals.Link[2]. The natives called Narikuravar were using a staff called Chilambamboo as a weapon to defend themselves against wild animals, and also to display their skill during their religious festivals. The Hindu scholars and yogies who went to the Kurinji mountains to meditate got attracted by the display of this highly skilled spinning Chilambamboo. Silambam (Tamil: ) or Silambattam (Tamil: ) or Chilambam, is a traditional Dravidian martial art based on stick fighting. ... The Narikuravar are a Tamil speaking group of people, found among craggy areas of Tamil Nadu and bordering hills of Kerala, South India. ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... Binomial name (Nees) T. Anderson Neelakurinji (Strobilanthes kunthiana) is a shrub that used to grow abundantly in the shola grasslands (the origin of Water) of Western Ghats in South India above 1800 metres. ...

Central Kalaripayattu

The central style (practiced mainly in Thrissur, Malappuram, Palakkad and certain parts of Ernakulam districts^[1] is 'a composite' from both the northern and southern styles that includes northern meippayattu preliminary exercises, southern emphasis on empty-hand techniques, and its own distinctive techniques, which are performed within floor drawings known as kalam.^[1] Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... , For the district with the same name, see Thrissur district. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The skyline of Ernakaulam Ernakulam (Malayalam : à´Žà´±à´£à´¾à´•àµà´³à´‚ ) refers to the western part of the mainland of Kochi city in Kerala, India. ...

Training

Several componenents make up the basic equipment and training ground of Kalaripayattu. A student begins training in northern Kalarippayatt at approximately 7 years old with a formal initiation ritual performed by the Gurukkal.

Initiation ceremony

At the age of seven, on the opening day of the new session, a novice is admitted to the Kalari in the presence of the Gurukkal or a senior student, and directed to place his right foot first across the threshold. The student touches the ground with the right hand and then his forehead, as a sign of respect. He is then led to the Guruthara, the place where a lamp is kept burning in reverence to all the masters of the Kalari, to repeat his act of worship. He then offers some money in folded betel leaves as dakshina (tuition) for the master and bow and prostrate himself before the latter, and touch his legs, as a sign of submission. The guru then places his hands on the pupil’s head, blesses him and prays for him. This worship—touching the ground, Poothara, Guruthara and the guru’s feet—is repeated everyday. It symbolizes a complete submission to and acceptance of the Kalari deities, Kalari master, and the rules and discipline of the art.
Image File history File links KalariPuttara. ... Image File history File links KalariPuttara. ... Kalari Puttara The word Kalari means battle ground in Tamil. ... Kalari Puttara The traditional training of Kalarippayattu a martial art of Kerala a small state in south India, is always done inside the Kalari which is specially constructed practicing area. ... Guruttara is a word used in Malayalam language of Kerala, south India which means - the place where a lamp is kept burning in reverence to all the gurus (masters) of the kalari (training place of Kalarippayattu, martial art form in Kerala). ... Kalari Puttara The traditional training of Kalarippayattu a martial art of Kerala a small state in south India, is always done inside the Kalari which is specially constructed practicing area. ...

The Kalari

The Kalari is a specially constructed practicing area that comprises a Poothara (seven tiered platform) in the south-west corner. The guardian deity is located here, and is worshipped with flowers, incense and water before each practising session, which is preceded by a prayer. Kalari Puttara Puttara (Poothara) is a word used in Malayalam language of Kerala, south India which means - platform where flowers are kept. ... Incense is composed of aromatic organic materials. ...

Stages

The training is mainly divided into four parts consisting of Meithari, Kolthari, Ankathari and Verumkai. Image File history File links Maithari. ... Image File history File links Maithari. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (805x480, 85 KB) Summary Urumi Payattu, Kerala Licensing Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (805x480, 85 KB) Summary Urumi Payattu, Kerala Licensing Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... The Urumi or Chuttuval is a long sword made of flexible steel, sharp enough to cut into flesh, but flexible enough to be rolled into a tight coil. ... A shield is a protective device, meant to intercept attacks. ...

Meithari (മെയ്ത്താരി)

Meithari is the beginning stage with rigorous body sequences involving twists, stances and complex jumps and turns. Twelve meippayattu exercises for neuromuscular coordination, balance and flexibility follow the basic postures of the body.

Kolthari (കോല്തരി)

Once the student has become physically competent, he/she is introduced to fighting with long wooden weapons. The first weapon taught is the Kettukari staff, which is usually five feet (1.5 m) in length, or up to the forehead of the student from ground level. The second weapon taught is the Cheruvadi or Muchan, a wooden stick three palm spans long, about two and a half feet long or 75 cm. The third weapon taught is the Otta, a wooden stick curved to resemble the trunk of an elephant. The tip is rounded and is used to strike the vital spots in the opponent's body. This weapon is considered the master weapon, and is the fundamental tool of practice to develop stamina, agility, power, and skill. The training in 'Otta' consists of 18 sequences. Shareeravadi is a bamboo staff having a length extending from the practicers neck to his feet. ... For other uses of the word staff, see staff. ... Cheruvadi or Muchan or Kuruvadi is a term in kalarippayattu, a martial art practiced in Kerala, India It is practiced as the second part of kolthari stage of kalari payat. ... An Otta (Malayalam: à´’à´Ÿàµà´Ÿ) is a S-formed curved stick used as a weapon in the Indian martial art of Kalarippayattu. ...

Ankathari (അങ്കത്തരി)

Once the practitioner has become proficient with all the wooden weapons, he/she proceeds to Ankathari (literally "war training") starting with metal weapons, which require superior concentration due to their lethal nature. The first metal weapon taught is the Kadhara, a metal dagger with a curved blade. Taught next are sword (Val) and shield (Paricha). Subsequent weapons include the spear (kuntham), the flexible sword (Urumi or Chuttuval), an extremely dangerous weapon taught to only the most skillful students. Historically, after the completion of 'Ankathari' training, the student would specialize in a weapon of his choice, to become an expert swordsman or stick fighter. Bold text This article is about the weapon. ... Swiss longsword, 15th or 16th century Look up Sword in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A shield is a protective device, meant to intercept attacks. ... For other uses, see Spear (disambiguation) and Spears (disambiguation). ... Kalaripayattu using Chuttuval The Urumi or Chuttuval is a long sword made of flexible steel, sharp enough to cut into flesh, but flexible enough to be rolled into a tight coil. ...

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Verumkai (വെറുംകൈ)

Only after achieving mastery with all weapons forms is the practitioner taught to defend his/her person with bare-handed techniques. These include arm locks, grappling, and strikes to the Pressure Points (Marmam), the vital points of the body. The Gurukkal teaches knowledge of Marmam only to those students whom he trusts, restricting knowledge to the very few.

Marmas and Massage

Marmams (vulnerable parts of the human body): It is claimed that learned persons can disable or kill their opponents by a mere touch in a Marmam. Marmam is taught only to the promising and level-headed persons, to forbid misuse of the technique. Marmam (Pressure points) are vulnerable parts of the human body. ...

Kalarippayyattu teachers often provide massages (Malayalam:uzhichil) with traditional medicinal oils to their students in order to increase their physical flexibility or to treat muscle injuries encountered during practice. Such massages are generally termed Thirumal and the unique massage given to increase physical flexibility is known as Katcha thirumal. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Malayalam (à´®à´²à´¯à´¾à´³à´‚ ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ...

Kalari marma treatment is as sophisticated as the uzhichil treatment of Ayurveda. This system of marma treatment comes under Sidha Vaidhyam, whose origin is attributed to Sage Agasthya and his disciples.

Kalarippayattu and performing arts

Influence of Kalaripayattu can be seen in major classical art forms of Kerala, mainly Kathakali. Many of the traditional performing art and dance forms of Kerala, like Kathakali, Kolkali, Velakali, etc., have drawn elements from Kalarippayattu during their stages of evolution. Kathakali has borrowed much from Kalarippayattu in its basic body preparative training of the actor not only in terms of technique in practice but also from the body massage for the trainee. Many of the body postures, choreography and foot work of the Kathakali characters are taken directly from Kalarippayattu. Some dance schools incorporate kalaripayattu as part of their exercise regimen. Some of its choreographed sparring can be applied to dance.^[1] Kathakali (IPA: [katÌªÊ°akaÉi], Malayalam:ï¿½Â·à´¥ï¿½Â·à´³à´¿ , Sanskrit:ï¿½Â·à¤¥ï¿½Â·à¤³à¤¿) is a form of Indian dance-drama. ... Kolkali is a folk art performed in Kerala a small state in south India. ... Velakali Velakali is a ritual art (dance) of Kerala a small state in south India, mainly performed at temples in the festival time. ...

Components

Techniques, Steps and Postures

Techniques (Atavu) in a Kalarippayattu is a combination of Steps (Chuvatu) and Postures (Vadivu). Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ...

There are five steps or Chuvatus and Northern styles of Kalarippayattu have Ashta Vadivukal, or eight postures (vadivu). Each posture has its own style, power combination, usefulness and effectiveness.

Like the Wǔxíngquán of Chinese martial arts, the eight postures of Kalarippayattu are based on animals. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Genera and Species Loxodonta Loxodonta cyclotis Loxodonta africana Elephas Elephas maximus Elephas antiquus â€ Elephas beyeri â€ Elephas celebensis â€ Elephas cypriotes â€ Elephas ekorensis â€ Elephas falconeri â€ Elephas iolensis â€ Elephas planifrons â€ Elephas platycephalus â€ Elephas recki â€ Stegodon â€ Mammuthus â€ Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea... For other uses, see Lion (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... Binomial name Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 The Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) is the wild ancestor of the domesticated pig. ... Serpent can be any of the following: The reptile commonly called snake. ... Binomial name Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms Felis lybica invalid junior synonym The cat (or domestic cat, house cat) is a small carnivorous mammal. ... Look up cock in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ... Peacock re-directs here; for alternate uses see Peacock (disambiguation). ...

Weapons

Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Image File history File links Kalari-weapons. ... Shareeravadi is a bamboo staff having a length extending from the practicers neck to his feet. ... Shareeravadi is a bamboo staff having a length extending from the practicers neck to his feet. ... Shareeravadi is a bamboo staff having a length extending from the practicers neck to his feet. ... Shareeravadi is a bamboo staff having a length extending from the practicers neck to his feet. ... Lathi is an ancient armed martial art of India. ... Kalaripayattu using Chuttuval The Urumi or Chuttuval is a long sword made of flexible steel, sharp enough to cut into flesh, but flexible enough to be rolled into a tight coil. ... Swiss longsword, 15th or 16th century Look up Sword in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Cheruvadi or Muchan or Kuruvadi is a term in kalarippayattu, a martial art practiced in Kerala, India It is practiced as the second part of kolthari stage of kalari payat. ... An Otta (Malayalam: à´’à´Ÿàµà´Ÿ) is a S-formed curved stick used as a weapon in the Indian martial art of Kalarippayattu. ... Assorted maces This article is about the personal weapon. ... A development of the club, a mace consists of a strong, heavy wooden, metal-reinforced, or metal shaft, with a head made of stone, copper, bronze, iron or steel. ... A dagger (from Vulgar Latin: daca - a Dacian knife) is a double-edged knife used for stabbing, thrusting or as a secondary defense weapon in close combat. ... Bold text This article is about the weapon. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... For the genus of snakes having the common name kukri snakes, see oligodon. ... Noooooo! Val may refer to: Aichi D3A dive bomber, known by Allied codename Val during World War II Valine, amino acid, abbreviation VAL, a type of unmanned light rubber-tired metro valley girl, short form A first name, on its own or short for Valerie, Valmond, etc. ... Statue showing a Gallic shield with a butterfly boss. ... A shield is a protective device, meant to intercept attacks. ... Hunting spear and knife, from Mesa Verde National Park. ... For other uses, see Spear (disambiguation) and Spears (disambiguation). ... Shareeravadi is a bamboo staff having a length extending from the practicers neck to his feet. ... Shareeravadi is a bamboo staff having a length extending from the practicers neck to his feet. ... Shareeravadi is a bamboo staff having a length extending from the practicers neck to his feet. ... Shareeravadi is a bamboo staff having a length extending from the practicers neck to his feet. ... Ponti may refer to: // Ponti, a weapon used in Kalarippayattu Ponti (AL), province of Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy Ponti sul Mincio, provincia of Mantova, Lombardy, Italy Carlo Ponti Ponzi Categories: | ... This image depicts a typical bow, as made by the Huns, lying against a tree. ... Traditional target arrow and replica medieval arrow. ... The axe or ax is an ancient and ubiquitous tool that has been used for millennia to shape, split and cut wood, harvest timber, as a weapon and a ceremonial or heraldic symbol. ... Axe For other uses, see Axe (disambiguation). ... A massive sculpture of Lord Shiva holding a trident (Trishula) Poseidon sculpture holding a trident For other uses, see Trident (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

References

Kalarippayattu practitioners in the movie The Myth, starred by Jackie Chan.

Kalarippayattu practitioners usually meditate to invoke inner energy. See chakras and Yoga.

Influence of Kalaripayattu can be seen in major classical art forms of Kerala, mainly Kathakali.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x Zarrilli 1998
^ Suresh, P. R. (2005). Kalari Payatte - The martial art of Kerala.
^ Subaltern Sports: Politics and Sports in South Asia By James H. Mills. Published 2005, Anthem Press. Subject: Archaeology /Anthropology. ISBN 1843311674
^ Mariana Fedorova (1990). Die Marmantheorie in der klassischen indischen Medizin.
^ Subhash Ranade (1993). Natural Healing Through Ayurveda (p. 161). Passage Press. Utah USA.
^ Kalaripayatta- Discovery Channel
^ Zarrilli 1992
^ ^a ^b Luijendijk 2005
^ Cite error 8; No text given.

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1275x541, 49 KB)A scene from the film San Wa starring Jackie Chan, copyright. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1275x541, 49 KB)A scene from the film San Wa starring Jackie Chan, copyright. ... The Myth (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a 2005 Chinese film directed by Stanley Tong. ... Chan Kong-Sang (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ), also known as Jackie Chan Sing Lung (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) or Jackie Chan SBS, (born on April 7, 1954) is a Chinese martial artist, action star, actor, director, screenwriter, film producer, singer and stunt performer. ... Image File history File links Sabdha_chakras. ... Image File history File links Sabdha_chakras. ... In Hinduism and its spiritual systems of yoga and in some related eastern cultures, as well as in some segments of the New Age movement, a chakra (from the Sanskrit word चक्र meaning wheel, circle) is thought to be an energy node in the human body. ... For other uses, see Yoga (disambiguation). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Kathakali2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Kathakali2. ... Kathakali (IPA: [katÌªÊ°akaÉi], Malayalam:ï¿½Â·à´¥ï¿½Â·à´³à´¿ , Sanskrit:ï¿½Â·à¤¥ï¿½Â·à¤³à¤¿) is a form of Indian dance-drama. ...

See also

ßv: Kalaripayatt Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kerala is well known for its diverse forms of performing arts. ... The Indian subcontinent is home to a variety of martial arts, including Pehlwani, Kalarippayattu, Vajra Mushti and Gatka. ... // [edit] List of Dravidian Martial Arts by state or province [edit] Kerala Kalarippayattu (à´•àµà´…à´²à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ) Marma Adi (à´®à´°àµà´® à´…à´¦à´¿) [edit] Tamil Nadu & Northeast Sri Lanka Adithada (à®…à®Ÿà®¿à®¤à®Ÿ) Kuttu Varisai (à®•à¯à®¤à¯à®¤à¯à®µà®°à®¿à®šà¯ˆ) Malyutham (à®®à®²à¯à®¯à¯à®¤à®®à¯) Varma Kalai (à®µà®°à¯à®®à®•à¯à®•à®²à¯ˆ) [edit] See also Tamil Martial Arts Categories: | ... Kathakali (IPA: [katÌªÊ°akaÉi], Malayalam:ï¿½Â·à´¥ï¿½Â·à´³à´¿ , Sanskrit:ï¿½Â·à¤¥ï¿½Â·à¤³à¤¿) is a form of Indian dance-drama. ... Kolkali is a folk art performed in Kerala a small state in south India. ... Velakali Velakali is a ritual art (dance) of Kerala a small state in south India, mainly performed at temples in the festival time. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¯à´±àµà´±àµ) is an Indian martial art practised in Kerala and contiguous parts of neighboring Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. ... Marmam (Pressure points) are vulnerable parts of the human body. ... Guruttara is a word used in Malayalam language of Kerala, south India which means - the place where a lamp is kept burning in reverence to all the gurus (masters) of the kalari (training place of Kalarippayattu, martial art form in Kerala). ... Kalari Puttara The word Kalari means battle ground in Tamil. ... Zamorin is the anglicised version of Samoothirippadu or Samoothiri Raja, a title of the rulers of the erstwhile Hindu state of Kozhikode (previously known as Calicut), located in the present day state of Kerala, India, between the 14th and 18th century AD. The Samoothiris had an interesting tradition which dictated... Kalari Puttara The traditional training of Kalarippayattu a martial art of Kerala a small state in south India, is always done inside the Kalari which is specially constructed practicing area. ... Sword fighting in Kalarippayattu Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªà´¯à´±à´±àµ) is a martial art practiced in Kerala a small state in South India. ... Kalari Puttara The traditional training of Kalarippayattu a martial art of Kerala a small state in south India, is always done inside the Kalari which is specially constructed practicing area. ... Sword fighting in Kalarippayattu Kalarippayattu (Malayalam: à´•à´³à´°à´¿à´ªà´¯à´±à´±àµ) is a martial art practiced in Kerala a small state in South India. ... [Chekava/ Chekavar/ Chevaka] etc. ... For other uses, see Yoga (disambiguation). ... Shirodhara, one of the techniques of Ayurveda Ayurveda (Devanagari: ) or Ayurvedic medicine is an ancient system of health care that is native to the Indian subcontinent. ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: à´•àµ‡à´°à´³à´‚; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ... For other senses of these words, see boxing (disambiguation) or boxer (disambiguation). ... Capoeira (IPA: ) is a Brazilian fight-dance, game, and martial art created by enslaved Africans during the 17th Century [1] Participants form a roda (circle) and take turns playing instruments, singing, and sparring in pairs in the centre of the circle. ... For other uses, see Karate (disambiguation). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Kicking to left side Kickboxing refers to sport-fighting using kicks and punches and sometimes throws and bows representing a certain martial art or can be practiced for general fitness, or as a full-contact sport. ... For the drink with a similar-sounding name, see Mai Tai. ... Savate (pronounced ), also known as boxe franÃ§aise, French boxing, French Kickboxing or French Footfighting, is a French martial art which uses both the hands and feet as weapons and combines elements of western boxing with graceful kicking techniques. ... This article refers to the martial art. ... Ever since 1669, when Huang Zongxi first described Chinese martial arts in terms of a Shaolin or external school versus a Wudang or internal school,[1] Shaolin has been used as a synonym for external Chinese martial arts regardless of whether or not the particular style in question has any... Taekwondo (also, Tae Kwon Do, Taekwon-Do, or Tae Kwon-Do) is a martial art and combat sport originating in Korea. ... Dictionary spelling Taekkyeon, or Tekkyeon, is a traditional Korean martial art, probably stemming from Subak and Ssirum. ... Taido ( èº°é“ / taidÅ ) is a Japanese martial arts or budo created in 1965 by Seiken Shukumine (1925 - 2001). ... Wing Chun, occasionally romanized as Ving Tsun or Wing Tsun (literally spring chant and alternatively as forever spring, or substituted with the character for eternal springtime[1]) is a Chinese martial art that specializes in aggressive close-range combat. ... WingTsunâ„¢, often shortened to WT, is a particular school of the Wing Chun style of Kung Fu developed by a student of Grandmaster Yip Man named Leung Ting. ... For other uses, see Grapple. ... Aikido ), is a Japanese martial art developed by Morihei Ueshiba as a synthesis of his martial studies, philosophy, and religious beliefs. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Catch wrestling is a popular style of wrestling. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Hapkido (also spelled hap ki do or hapki-do) is a dynamic and eclectic Korean martial art. ... This article is about the martial art and sport. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Kinomichi, calligraphy by Masamichi Noro Kinomichi æ°£ä¹‹é“ is a Martial art (budo æ¦é“ in Japanese ), founded by Masamichi Noro é‡Žå‘‚æ˜Œé“ in Paris, France, in 1979. ... Kurash is the native ancient type of upright jacket wrestling practiced in Uzbekistan. ... Mallayuddha (literally wrestling combat)[1] is the martial art of classical Indian wrestling. ... Pehlwani Maruti Mane, winner of the Hind-Kesari title of India and 1970 British Commonwealth Games silver medalist in wrestling Modern Indian wrestling, or Pehlwani (Devanagari: à¤ªà¤¹à¤²à¤µà¤¾à¤¨à¥€), is a synthesis of an indigenous Aryan / Hindu form of wrestling that dates back at least to the 5th century BC [1] and a... Pehlwani Modern wrestling, or Pehlwani , is a synthesis of an indigenous Aryan form of wrestling that dates back at least to the 5th century BC [1] and a Persian form of wrestling brought into South Asia by the Mughals. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Shuai jiao (Chinese: æ‘”è·¤ or æ‘”è§’; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shuai-chiao) is the modern Chinese term for Chinese and Mongolian wrestling. ... Image:Ssireum-1. ... For other uses, see Sumo (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Systema (disambiguation). ... Ancient Greek wrestlers (Pankratiasts) Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two unarmed persons. ... YaÄŸlÄ± GÃ¼reÅŸ (IPA:) is the Turkish national sport. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... BattÅjutsu ) is a Japanese term meaning techniques for drawing a sword. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the sport, which is distinguished from stage fencing and academic fencing (mensur). ... Gatka (Punjabi: , ) is a traditional Sikh martial art. ... Haidong Gumdo, also spelled Haedong Kumdo, is a name coined around 1982 and used for several Korean martial art organizations that use swords. ... HojÅjutsu (æ•ç¸„è¡“) or Nawajutsu, (ç¸„è¡“) is the traditional Japanese martial skill of restraining a person using cord or rope. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... JÅdÅ ), meaning the way of the jÅ, or jÅjutsu ) is a Japanese martial art using short staves called jÅ. The art is similar to bÅjutsu, and is strongly focused upon defense against the Japanese sword. ... Jogo do Pau. ... JÅ«kendÅ ) is the Japanese martial art of bayonet fighting. ... Kendo ), or way of the sword, is the martial art of Japanese fencing. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... This article contains a trivia section. ... It has been suggested that Kobudo be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For the fighting styles that combine different arts, see hybrid martial arts. ... Hybrid martial arts (also known as hybrid fighting systems) refer to martial arts or fighting systems that incorporate techniques and theories from several particular martial arts. ... Israel Abir Association Logo Abir â€Ž was the name of the fighting technique of Israelite warriors. ... BÄguÃ zhÇŽng is one of the major internal (a. ... Bartitsu is an eclectic martial art and self defence method originally developed in England during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Angkorian warriors as depicted on bas reliefs at Angkor Wat Bokator/Boxkator, or more formally, Labok Katao(which means wielding a wooden stick to fight lions) (áž›áŸ’áž”áž»áž€áŸ’áž€ážáŸ„), is an ancient Khmer martial art said to be the predecessor of all Southeast Asian kickboxing styles. ... Combatives FM 21-150 Figure 4-1, Vital Targets. ... Jeet Kune Do (Chinese: Cantonese: JitkyÃ¹ndou Pinyin: JiÃ©quÃ¡ndÃ o, lit. ... Kajukenbo is a hybrid martial art that combines karate, judo, jujutsu, kenpo, and kung fu. ... Krav Maga (Hebrew קרב מגע: contact combat) is a martial art, at first developed in Czechoslovakia in the 1930s. ... Northern Praying Mantis (Chinese: ; pinyin: tÃ¡nglÃ¡ngquÃ¡n; literally praying mantis fist) is a style of Chinese martial arts, sometimes called Shandong Praying Mantis after its province of origin. ... Ninjutsu ) sometimes used interchangeably with the term ninpÅ ), it is the martial arts practiced by the shinobi (also commonly known as the ninja). ... Pankration was an ancient sport introduced in the Greek Olympic games in 648 BC. Many historians believe that, although Pankration was not one of the first Olympic sports, it was likely the most popular. ... The leitai of the 2004 China National Sanda Championships Sanshou (Chinese: æ•£æ‰‹, lit. ... ISFA logo Shootfighting is a combat sport and martial art, with competitions governed by the International Shootfighting Association (ISFA). ... Pencak Silat or Silat (fighting by using techniques of self-defense) is a Southeast Asian martial art with roots in the culture of the Malay World. ... Tai chi chuan (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: tÃ ijÃquÃ¡n; Wade-Giles: tai4 chi2 chÃ¼an2) is an internal Chinese martial art often practiced with the aim of promoting health and longevity. ... Vovinam is a type of Vietnamese martial arts. ... Xingyiquan is one of the three major internal Chinese martial artsâ€”the other two being Tai Chi ChÃ¼an and Baguazhangâ€”and is characterised by aggressive, seemingly linear movements and explosive power. ...

Contents

Etymology

History

Origins

Revival

Styles of Kalaripayattu

Northern Kalaripayattu

Southern Kalaripayattu

Varma Kalari - Neuro Martial Art

Chilambam

Central Kalaripayattu

Training

Initiation ceremony

The Kalari

Stages

Meithari (മെയ്ത്താരി)

Kolthari (കോല്തരി)

Ankathari (അങ്കത്തരി)

Verumkai (വെറുംകൈ)

Marmas and Massage

Kalarippayattu and performing arts

Components

Techniques, Steps and Postures

Weapons

References

Recommended reading

External links

See also

Contents

Etymology GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

History

Origins

Revival

Styles of Kalaripayattu

Northern Kalaripayattu

Southern Kalaripayattu

Varma Kalari - Neuro Martial Art

Chilambam

Central Kalaripayattu

Training

Initiation ceremony

The Kalari

Stages

Meithari (മെയ്ത്താരി)

Kolthari (കോല്തരി)

Ankathari (അങ്കത്തരി)

Verumkai (വെറുംകൈ)

Marmas and Massage

Kalarippayattu and performing arts

Components

Techniques, Steps and Postures

Weapons

References

Recommended reading

External links

See also

Etymology