Kelvin Calder MacKenzie (born October 22, 1946) is a British media executive and former newspaper editor. He is best remembered for being editor of The Sun newspaper between 1981 and 1993, an era in which the paper was firmly established as Britain's best selling tabloid. His period as Sun editor was also highly controversial - MacKenzie is remembered as the man responsible for the paper's "Gotcha" headline during the Falklands War, as well its highly controversial coverage of the Hillsborough disaster, which caused widespread outrage and was dismissed as "entirely inaccurate" by both the Press Council and the official government inquiry into the tragedy.^[1] Throughout much of his career, MacKenzie has been an associate of international media magnate Rupert Murdoch. MacKenzie was described by Piers Morgan as being "someone with a particular form of dangerous genius".^[2] He also caused controversy when he made offensive, prejudiced comments about Scotland on the BBC's Question Time programme on October 11, 2007 - the BBC received 350 complaints about him.^[3] is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Editing is the process of preparing language, images, or sound for presentation through correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications. ... This article is about a British tabloid. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Combatants Argentina United Kingdom Commanders President Leopoldo Galtieri Vice-Admiral Juan Lombardo Brigadier-General Ernesto Crespo Brigade-General Mario Menéndez Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse Rear-Admiral John “Sandy” Woodward Major-General Jeremy Moore Casualties 649 killed 1,068 wounded 11,313 taken prisoner 75 fixed... The Memorial at Hillsborough. ... Keith Rupert Murdoch AC, KCSG (born 11 March 1931) is an Australian born United States citizen who is a global media executive and is the controlling shareholder, chairman and managing director of News Corporation, based in New York. ... Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan (born 30 March 1965 in Newick, East Sussex) is a former editor of British tabloid newspapers the News of the World (1994 – 1995) and the Daily Mirror (1995 – 2004). ... This article is about the country. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ...

Biography

MacKenzie was educated at Alleyn's School but little else is known about his background or early journalistic career. MacKenzie himself has said that he discovered early on in his career that he had little writing ability and that his talents lay in making up "headlines" and laying out pages.^[4] By 1978, at the age of just 31, he was Managing Editor of the New York Post - two years after it was purchased by Rupert Murdoch, who already owned The Sun. Murdoch appointed him Sun editor in 1981. Murdoch is said to have described MacKenzie as his all-time "favourite editor"^[5]. Alleyns School Alleyns School is an independent, fee-paying co-educational day school situated in Dulwich, South-East London. ... The New York Post is the 13th-oldest newspaper published in the United States and the oldest to have been published continually as a daily. ...

MacKenzie was married for 38 years but in 2006 was divorced by his wife Jacqueline on the grounds of adultery. In the late 1990s, MacKenzie was in the news when he was caught by the Mail on Sunday holidaying in what the paper described as a "love nest" in Barbados with News International secretary Joanna Duckworth.^[6] Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the act of adultery. ... The Daily Mail and its Sunday edition the Mail on Sunday are British newspapers, first published in 1896. ... News International is a British newspaper publisher owned by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation. ...

MacKenzie is a right-wing Conservative and a committed Thatcherite. He is a great admirer of Margaret Thatcher personally and argues that she is Britain's greatest post-war Prime Minister. In politics, right-wing, the political right, or simply the right, are terms which refer, with no particular precision, to the segment of the political spectrum in opposition to left-wing politics. ... Conservative may refer to: Conservatism, political philosophy A member of a Conservative Party Conservative extension, premise of deductive logic Conservativity theorem, mathematical proof of conservative extension Conservative Judaism britney spears Category: ... The Right Honourable Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925) is a British politician and the first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, a position she held from 1979 to 1990. ... Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (née Roberts; born 13 October 1925) served as British Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 until 1990, being the first and to date only woman to hold either post. ... The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is, in practice, the political leader of the United Kingdom. ...

The Sun

Outlook

While it was in 1978 that The Sun initially overtook the Daily Mirror in terms of circulation, it was during MacKenzie's spell as editor that The Sun firmly established itself as the biggest selling newspaper in Britain. It was also under MacKenzie that the newspaper became renowned for what is felt by many commentators to be its populist and sensationalist approach to journalism (although others argue that this approach had already been established to a lesser extent under previous editors during the 1970s), MacKenzie presiding over many of the biggest controversies in the paper's history. Critics accused the paper of exaggerating or even inventing news stories under MacKenzie (on some occasions this was proven to be the case ^[7]) and of severely dumbing down public discourse. More controversially, the paper was accused (often but not exclusively by left-wing and liberal critics) of promoting jingoism, racism, homophobia and intolerance.^[8] Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Alternate newspaper: The Daily Mirror (Australia) The Daily Mirror is a popular British tabloid daily newspaper. ... Look up Populism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Sensationalism is a manner of being extremely controversial, loud, attention-grabbing, or otherwise sensationalistic. ... Journalism is a discipline of gathering, writing and reporting news, and more broadly it includes the process of editing and presenting the news articles. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ... Dumbing down is a usually derogatory term which refers to the simplifying of a subject, often education, news and TV amongst others. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... Ten Thousand Miles From Tip to Tip, an 1898 political cartoon depicting the extension of the United States dominion Jingoism is chauvinistic patriotism, usually associated with a War Hawk political stance. ... This box:      Racism has many definitions, the most common and widely accepted is that members of one race are intrinsically superior or inferior to members of other races. ... A protest by The Westboro Baptist Church; a group identified by the Anti-Defamation League as virulently homophobic. ...

MacKenzie himself is quoted as saying in the early 1980s (on the subject of how he perceived his target audience and how he approached journalism): The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ...

MacKenzie has also stated, perhaps only half-seriously, that he feels that his own spell as editor of The Sun had a "positively downhill impact on journalism".^[10] MacKenzie was criticised for his perceived cruelty to both the targets of his (sometimes false) newspaper allegations (some of these targets being previously unknown ordinary members of the public) and to his own staff and colleagues, to which MacKenzie responds: Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... Look up Wog in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... A union (labor union in American English; trade union, sometimes trades union, in British English; either labour union or trade union in Canadian English) is a legal entity consisting of employees or workers having a common interest, such as all the assembly workers for one employer, or all the workers... Since its coinage, the word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings. ...

Notorious headlines

Freddie Starr Ate My Hamster, The Sun, 13 March, 1986

MacKenzie was responsible for the "Freddie Starr Ate My Hamster" front-page headline, probably the most famous in The Sun's history. The claims made in the accompanying article, that the comedian Freddie Starr had placed his girlfriend's hamster on a sandwich and proceeded to eat it, not surprisingly turned out to be entirely untrue and an invention of the publicist Max Clifford. The headline is remembered mainly for its humour value and is also often held up as the prime example of the Sun's supposedly celebrity obsessed, sensationalist and often inaccurate journalism.^[12] Image File history File links Freddiehamster. ... Image File history File links Freddiehamster. ... A comedian, or comic, is an entertainer who amuses an audience by making them laugh. ... Freddie Starr as seen on the cover of his 2001 autobiography Unwrapped. ... Genera Mesocricetus Phodopus Cricetus Cricetulus Allocricetulus Cansumys Tscherskia Hamsters are rodents belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae. ... A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a public figure, especially a celebrity, or for a work such as a book or movie. ... Maxwell Frank Clifford [1] (born April 6, 1943 in Kingston upon Thames), is an English publicist. ... For other uses, see Celebrity (disambiguation). ...

The sinking of the Belgrano was celebrated on the front page of the British tabloid newspaper The Sun

More controversially, MacKenzie was responsible for the May 4 "Gotcha" front-page headline, which reported the controversial sinking of the Argentinian battleship General Belgrano by a British submarine during the Falklands War. MacKenzie was heavily condemned by some commentators who felt he was glorifying slaughter and the headline caused a storm of controversy and protest, although MacKenzie had actually changed the front-page of later editions to "Did 1,200 Argies drown?" after it was established that there had been a large number of Argentine casualties. MacKenzie later defended his "Gotcha" headline, saying: A copy of The Sun from the 1982 sinking of the ARA General Belgrano — one of the most famous headlines ever. ... A copy of The Sun from the 1982 sinking of the ARA General Belgrano — one of the most famous headlines ever. ... This article is about a British tabloid. ... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about a British tabloid. ... Motto En unión y libertad(Spanish) In Union and Freedom Anthem Himno Nacional Argentino Capital (and largest city) Buenos Aires Official languages Spanish Demonym Argentinian, Argentine Government Federal republic  -  President Néstor Kirchner  -  Vice President Daniel Scioli  -  Chief of Cabinet Alberto Fernández Independence from Spain   -  May Revolution 25... For other uses, see Battleship (disambiguation). ... For the Argentine politician and military leader, see Manuel Belgrano. ... For other uses, see Submarine (disambiguation). ... Combatants Argentina United Kingdom Commanders President Leopoldo Galtieri Vice-Admiral Juan Lombardo Brigadier-General Ernesto Crespo Brigade-General Mario Menéndez Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse Rear-Admiral John “Sandy” Woodward Major-General Jeremy Moore Casualties 649 killed 1,068 wounded 11,313 taken prisoner 75 fixed...

MacKenzie's coverage of the Falklands War was criticised by many commentators such as The Guardian journalist and ex-Daily Mirror editor Roy Greenslade for being jingoistic and a glorification of war (Greenslade was actually working with MacKenzie on The Sun at the time). On one occasion during the conflict, The Sun published a photograph of a missile which had a large Sun logo printed on its side. The paper claimed they had "sponsored" the missile and that it would shortly be used to "kill Argies". The photograph also featured a topless teenage page 3 girl caressing the missile, which was perceived to be phallic imagery and resulted in criticism that The Sun was attempting to use sex to promote and glorify war. While The Sun was heavily criticised and even mocked for its coverage of the war in The Daily Mirror and The Guardian, The Sun responded by accusing these newspapers of treason. The satirical magazine Private Eye mocked and lampooned what they regarded as the paper's jingoistic coverage, most notably with the mock-Sun headline "KILL AN ARGIE, WIN A METRO!", to which MacKenzie is said to have jokingly responded "Why didn't I think of that?". The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... Alternate newspaper: The Daily Mirror (Australia) The Daily Mirror is a popular British tabloid daily newspaper. ... Roy Greenslade is Professor of Journalism at London’s City University and has been a media commentator since 1992, most notably for The Guardian. ... Ten Thousand Miles From Tip to Tip, an 1898 political cartoon depicting the extension of the United States dominion Jingoism is chauvinistic patriotism, usually associated with a War Hawk political stance. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Missile (disambiguation). ... Sponsorship can refer to several concepts: A sponsors support of an event, activity, person, or organization. ... A Page Three girl is a woman who models for topless photographs published in UK tabloids, specifically page three of The Sun. ... The phallus usually refers to the male penis, or sex organ. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Treason (disambiguation) or Traitor (disambiguation). ... 1867 edition of the satirical magazine Punch, a British satirical magazine, ground-breaking on popular literature satire. ... Private eye may mean: Look up Private eye on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Private Eye a fortnightly British satirical magazine-newspaper, edited by Ian Hislop (as of 2005) A private investigator, a private detective for hire (see also crime fiction and detective fiction) Private Eye, a song by Alkaline Trio... The Rover Metro is a supermini car that was produced by the Leyland Cars division of British Leyland and its successors. ...

Despite his self-professed pride at having printed the "Gotcha" headline, Roy Greenslade claims that MacKenzie had only chosen the headline prior to it becoming clear that there had been a large number of Argentine casualties resulting from the sinking of the Belgrano and that he later became concerned that the headline may be seen as insensitive and distasteful. Greenslade states that MacKenzie insisted on changing the headline to "Did 1,200 Argies Die?" for later editions because of these concerns, and that he did so against the wishes of Rupert Murdoch, who allegedly demanded that the "Gotcha" headline remain for later editions despite the large number of casualties and later said of the headline, "I rather liked it". This is reportedly the only occasion that MacKenzie ever disobeyed a specific order from Murdoch.

The Sun's politics

MacKenzie's Sun strongly supported the Conservative Party in all of the General Elections which were held during his time as editor, and the newspaper became well known for its scathing attacks on the Labour Party and its leaders. Most memorably, on the day of the 1992 election MacKenzie used the front-page headline "If Kinnock Wins Today, Will The Last Person To Leave Britain Please Turn Out The Lights", accompanied by a picture of Kinnock's head superimposed over a lightbulb.^[14] The following day, after the Conservatives confounded the polls and won a narrow majority, The Sun claimed that they had won the election for the Tories by proclaiming "It Woz The Sun Wot Won It!" on their front page. Neil Kinnock himself stated that he believed that the main reason that Labour had lost the election was the campaign waged against the party and against him personally by right-wing, Conservative supporting newspapers, in particular The Sun, although a subsequent investigation by the Labour Party's research department questioned this conclusion, arguing that Sun readers were divided roughly 50-50 between voting Conservative and Labour, and that there were not enough Conservative-voting Sun readers in crucial seats to have swung the election. The newspaper subsequently denied any responsibility for the Conservative victory when it came in for criticism, despite its early headlines. Nonetheless, Tony Blair would later make winning over Rupert Murdoch and The Sun newspaper a major priority before the 1997 General Election, by which time MacKenzie was no longer editor. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is the second largest political party in the United Kingdom in terms of sitting Members of Parliament (MPs), the largest in terms of public membership, and the oldest political party in the United Kingdom. ... A general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are up for election. ... The Labour Party is a political party in the United Kingdom. ... The United Kingdom general election of 1992 was held on 9 April 1992. ... Neil Gordon Kinnock, Baron Kinnock, PC (born 28 March 1942) is a British politician. ... Neil Gordon Kinnock, Baron Kinnock, PC (born 28 March 1942) is a British politician. ... For other people of the same name, see Tony Blair (disambiguation) Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born May 6, 1953)[1] is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Leader of the Labour Party, and Member of Parliament for the constituency... The UK general election, 1997 was held on 1 May 1997. ...

Although the coverage of the 1992 election remains the best remembered, there were many other vitriolic personal attacks on Labour leaders by MacKenzie's Sun during election campaigns, such as in 1983 when MacKenzie ran a front page featuring a unflattering photograph of Michael Foot alongside the headline "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?",^[15] and in 1987 when MacKenzie ran an extraordinary mock-editorial entitled "Why I'm Backing Kinnock, by Josef Stalin.^[16] MacKenzie's Sun also made frequent scathing attacks on what the paper called the "looney left" element within the Labour Party and on institutions supposedly controlled by it, such as the left-wing Greater London Council and Liverpool City Council. The UK general election, 1983 was held on June 9, 1983 and gave the Conservatives and Margaret Thatcher the most decisive election victory since that of Labour in 1945. ... Michael Mackintosh Foot (born 23 July 1913) is an English politician and writer. ... Margaret Thatcher David Steel Election 1987 Titles The United Kingdom general election of 1987 was held on 11 June 1987 and was the third consecutive victory for the Conservative Party under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher. ... (Russian, in full: Ио́сиф Виссарио́нович Ста́лин [Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin]; December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-1953... Arms of the Greater London Council The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. ... See City of Liverpool for other meanings Liverpool City Council is the governing body for the city of Liverpool in Merseyside, England. ...

MacKenzie also ran a story extensively quoting a respected American psychiatrist claiming that British left-wing politician Tony Benn was "insane", with the psychiatrist discussing various aspects of Benn's supposed pathology.^[17] The story was discredited when the psychiatrist in question publicly denounced the article and described the false quotes attributed to him as "absurd", The Sun having apparently fabricated the entire piece.^[18] In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... Anthony Tony Neil Wedgwood Benn (born 3 April 1925), formerly 2nd Viscount Stansgate, is a British socialist politician. ...

MacKenzie's coverage of the British miners' strike, 1984-1985 supported the police and the Thatcher government against the striking NUM miners. The paper was accused of making misleading or even outright false claims about the miners, their unions and Arthur Scargill.^[19] MacKenzie at one point prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute. The print workers at The Sun, regarding it as an attempt at a cheap smear, refused to print it. ^[20] Some Sun staff reportedly threatened to resign over the coverage, although none actually did so.^{[citation needed]} The miners strike of 1984–1985 was a major industrial action affecting the British coal industry. ... The National Union of Mineworkers is a trade union for coal miners in the United Kingdom. ... Arthur Scargill (born January 11, 1938) led the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) from 1981 to 2000. ... Nazi propaganda poster. ... National Socialism redirects here. ...

MacKenzie's Sun supported the introduction of the controversial and highly unpopular Poll Tax by Margaret Thatcher and consistently stuck by Thatcher and her government on the issue despite widespread opposition which culminated in huge public protests, riots and eventually mass non-payment, all of which is seen as having contributed to Thatcher's own downfall before the tax was quickly repealed by her successor John Major. The Sun labelled those attending public protests opposing the tax as "thugs".^[21] A poll tax, head tax, or capitation is a tax of a uniform, fixed amount per individual (as opposed to a percentage of income). ... For other persons named John Major, see John Major (disambiguation). ...

Invented stories

In 1987, MacKenzie published a front-page story alleging that pop singer Elton John had had sex with underage rentboys. These claims were without any foundation and entirely false. Shortly after, MacKenzie published further allegations that the singer had had the voiceboxes of his guard dogs removed because their barking kept him awake at night. Not only were these additional claims also completely untrue, but MacKenzie himself confirmed their inaccuracy shortly after publication by sending a reporter to the singer's house, who quickly discovered that all of his guard dogs were quite capable of barking (MacKenzie later admitted that in retrospect he found it difficult to understand why he had believed, never mind published, the claims about the guard dogs which he later realised were self-evidently absurd). Elton John sued The Sun for libel over both these claims and was later awarded £1,000,000 in damages.^[22] MacKenzie later said of Elton John Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Sir Elton Hercules[1] John CBE[2] (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947) is a five-time Grammy and one-time Academy Award-winning English pop/rock singer, composer and pianist. ... Rentboy is a chiefly British, Irish and New Zealand term for a young (though often adult), male homosexual prostitute usually though not always of working class origins. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a domestic subspecies of the wolf, a mammal of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. ...

There were many other controversies during MacKenzie's time in charge of The Sun. MacKenzie at one point ran a story about a previously unknown member of the public who had just undergone a heart transplant operation, the story denouncing the man as a "love rat", Sun journalists having been told that he had left his wife fifteen years earlier. Aside from criticism about the story's highly questionable news value, the newspaper was furiously condemned as the story was run when the man's recovery was still in the balance.^[23] In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement of fact that injures someones reputation. ...

Indeed, many commentators accused MacKenzie and his team of simply inventing many of the stories that appeared in the newspaper, as well as interviews, and in some instances this was proven to be the case, most notably when an entirely fabricated interview with the disfigured Falklands war hero Simon Weston was published, which was criticised for "inviting readers to feel revulsion at his disfigurement".^[24] Some other notable controversies that occurred under MacKenzie include a headline describing Australian Aborigines as "The Abo's: Brutal and Treacherous" (which was condemned as "inaccurate" and "unacceptably racist" by the Press Council)^[25] and MacKenzie's sending of photographers to break into a psychiatric hospital to ask actor Jeremy Brett, who was a patient in the hospital at the time and who was suffering from manic depression and dying of cardiomyopathy, whether he was "dying of AIDS". The newspaper apparently suspected Brett of being a homosexual and that his mystery illness might be AIDS, which it wasn't.^[26]. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Aboriginal Flag Australian Aborigines is a name used to collectively describe most of the indigenous peoples of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. ... Peter Jeremy William Huggins (November 3, 1933 – September 12, 1995), better known as Jeremy Brett, was an English actor famous for his portrayal of the detective Sherlock Holmes in the British television series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. ... Manic depression, with its two principal sub-types, bipolar disorder and major depression, was first clinically described near the end of the 19th century by psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin, who published his account of the disease in his Textbook of Psychiatry. ... For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation). ...

These incidents caused The Sun to become a laughing stock in some quarters and to be heavily condemned in others, but the newspaper's profile increased dramatically during MacKenzie's time as editor and sales figures reached new heights. It is has been claimed that it was mainly the large increase in sales achieved by The Sun under MacKenzie that enabled Rupert Murdoch to greatly expand his business interests into satellite television.^[27] Satellite television is television delivered by way of communications satellites, as compared to conventional terrestrial television and cable television. ...

On the subject of the sensationalist and sometimes inaccurate reporting which appeared in The Sun during his time as editor, MacKenzie has said:

MacKenzie's denial that he ever knowingly published lies or fabrications would appear to be false bearing in mind the aforementioned Simon Weston and Tony Benn stories, which were both proven to be based on fabricated interviews invented by The Sun themselves, as well as the allegations by Sun staff that MacKenzie printed deliberate misinformation about Scargill and the miners.

Coverage of the Hillsborough disaster

MacKenzie's Sun frontpage on the Wednesday following the Hillsborough disaster

In April 1989, the single biggest controversy during MacKenzie's reign occurred, later described in a Sun editorial in 2004 as "the most terrible mistake in our history", during the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster, a deadly crush which occurred during an FA Cup semi-final at Hillsborough football stadium in Sheffield claiming the lives of 96 Liverpool fans. Image File history File links Hillsborough_disaster_Sun. ... Image File history File links Hillsborough_disaster_Sun. ... The Memorial at Hillsborough. ... This article or section needs additional references or sources to improve its verifiability. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Memorial at Hillsborough. ... This article is about the English FA Cup. ... Hillsborough Stadium is the home of Sheffield Wednesday Football Club in Sheffield, England. ... For other uses, see Sheffield (disambiguation). ... Liverpool Football Club are an English professional football club based in Liverpool, Merseyside, who play in the Premier League; they are historically the most successful club in the history of English football, having won more trophies than any other English club. ...

The Sun printed the front-page headline "The Truth", with three sub-headings, "Some Fans Picked Pockets of Victims", "Some Fans Urinated on the Brave Cops" and "Some Fans Beat Up P.C. Giving Kiss Of Life". The accompanying article claimed that ticketless and drunken Liverpool F.C. fans were responsible for the disaster, having supposedly tried to fight their way into the stadium by rushing the turnstiles and attacking policemen outside the ground. Further specific allegations were made that during the disaster itself Liverpool fans inside the stadium had stolen wallets and other items from the dead, had urinated over policemen and the bodies of dead fans, that they had beaten policemen, ambulance men and rescue workers attempting to save the lives of other fans and had sexually abused the body of a dead girl after shouting "throw her up and we'll fuck her" to policemen moving her body.

The sources for these allegations were stated to be anonymous high-ranking police officers from Sheffield Police and Irvine Patnick, a Conservative MP from Sheffield who wasn't actually present at the game. (On 11 January 2007 on BBC TV's Question Time, MacKenzie additionally claimed that one of his sources was a Liverpool news agency.) The article was accompanied by graphic photographs showing Liverpool fans, including young children, choking and suffocating as they were being crushed against the perimeter fences surrounding the terraces - this was widely condemned as severely inappropriate^[29]. Sir Cyril Irvine Patnick, OBE (b. ... The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is the second largest political party in the United Kingdom in terms of sitting Members of Parliament (MPs), the largest in terms of public membership, and the oldest political party in the United Kingdom. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... For other uses, see Sheffield (disambiguation). ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ...

The coverage and the allegations caused intense uproar on Merseyside (where The Sun was boycotted, with public burnings of the paper organised and many newsagents refusing to stock it at all) and widespread criticism and condemnation from many commentators. The Press Council described the allegations unequivocally as "lies". The official government enquiry into the disaster dismissed the allegation that drunken Liverpool fans had been responsible for the disaster and concluded that inadequate crowd control and errors by the police had been the cause of the tragedy. Various investigations conclusively disproved most if not all of The Sun's allegations - when clothing from each of the victims was recovered, none had any trace of urine other than those who had been found to have wet themselves during the crush (this also not surprisingly occurred with some fans who survived having been pulled from the terraces); all wallets, items of jewellery and significant personal possessions of each of the victims was quickly accounted for (thus disproving the allegation of pick-pocketing); no female victim was found to have been sexually abused; and while it has been established that a number of Liverpool supporters verbally abused policemen who they apparently held responsible for the disaster, no policemen, ambulance men or rescue worker have ever come forward to claim that they were physically attacked by a fan. Merseyside is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. ... The Press Complaints Commission is a British organisation that has regulated printed newspapers and magazines since 1990. ...

Some weeks after the disaster, Joan Traynor, who lost two sons in the disaster, was asked by ITN for permission to film the funeral of her sons. Traynor refused and publicly requested that the media respect her family's privacy with regard to the funeral. ITN and all other British media outlets did indeed respect Mrs Traynor's wishes with the exception of The Sun. Kelvin MacKenzie sent photographers to the funeral who clambered over a wall at the cemetery and took numerous photographs of the family laying the two boys to rest before eventually being chased away. The following day photographs of the family at the funeral appeared on the front page of The Sun. Mrs Traynor was said to be deeply upset about the intrusion at the funeral and the subsequent publication of photographs of her and her family on the front page of the same paper which had printed the aforementioned allegations about the disaster itself^[30]. ITN may refer to: Independent Television News In the news, a section on the Main Page of English Wikipedia This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ...

Prior to the publication of The Sun's initial article, a number of local newspapers in Yorkshire published very similar allegations (such as The Sheffield Star and The Yorkshire Post).^[31] It has since emerged that many British national newspaper editors were offered the same story from the same sources the day before The Sun article was published (including Andrew Neil at Murdoch's The Times) but while many national newspapers printed allegations about Liverpool fans being responsible for the disaster, only MacKenzie and his counterpart at The Daily Star were prepared to print the more outlandish allegations about theft and abuse of dead bodies, with many editors feeling that the claims sounded dubious. Furthermore, the other national papers which printed coverage claiming Liverpool fans to be responsible for the disaster, including The Daily Star, withdrew their allegations and apologised the day after publication, whereas The Sun did not. Look up Yorkshire in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Andrew Ferguson Neil (born May 21, 1949, Paisley) is a Scottish journalist and broadcaster. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1788. ... The Daily Star is a British tabloid newspaper. ...

In their book about the history of the Sun, Peter Chippindale and Chris Horrie wrote:

Murdoch for his part ordered MacKenzie to appear on BBC Radio 4's The World This Weekend in the aftermath of the controversy to apologise. MacKenzie was quoted on the programme as saying old Radio 4 logo BBC Radio 4 is a UK domestic radio station which broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes including news, drama, comedy, science and history. ...

In 1993 he told a House of Commons National Heritage Select Committee that

In 1996, MacKenzie again discussed the matter on Radio 4 but this time claimed: Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

Sales of The Sun on Merseyside have never recovered, costing News International several million pounds a year,^[33] despite a belated full page apology by the newspaper in 2004. News International is a British newspaper publisher owned by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

MacKenzie sensationally re-ignited the controversy in November 2006 when he claimed that his allegations about the Hillsborough tragedy had been true after all (see below). Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

After leaving The Sun

In 1994 MacKenzie moved to BSkyB, another of Murdoch's News Corporation assets. MacKenzie left within a few months. British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB - formerly two companies, Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, which merged) is a company that operates the most popular subscription television service in the Ireland. ... 1211 Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue), where News Corporation is based News Corporation (abbreviated to News Corp) (NYSE: NWS, NYSE: NWSa, ASX: NWS, LSE: NCRA) is one of the worlds largest Media conglomerates. ...

In 1995 MacKenzie joined Mirror Group Newspapers and was appointed joint boss of their fledgling L!VE TV British cable television channel. The station had previously been headed by Janet Street-Porter, who had set out to establish L!VE TV as an alternative, youth-orientated channel. She clashed with MacKenzie over program content and soon left, leaving him in sole charge. Trinity Mirror is a large United Kingdom newspaper and magazine publisher. ... Rusty Goffe presents Britains Bounciest Weather, from early 1999 L!VE TV was a British television station that was operated by MGN on cable television from 15 June 1995 - 5 November 1999. ... Coaxial cable is often used to transmit cable television into the house. ... Janet Street-Porter née Bull[1] (born 27 December 1946) is a BAFTA award-winning British editor, journalist, media personality, television presenter and producer. ...

He later said that he would agree to indulge in a "night of passion" with Janet Street-Porter and that she would be "willing", but only if she paid him £4.7m, a figure he had arrived at after calculating how much money he would lose from "loss of reputation, the negative impact on future earnings etc."^[34]

MacKenzie took a radically different approach and was criticised for producing severely downmarket programming. MacKenzie introduced features such as nightly editions of 'Topless Darts' (featuring topless women playing darts on a beach), 'The Weather in Norwegian' (with a young, typically blonde and bikini-clad Scandinavian woman presenting weather forecasts in both English and Norwegian), other weather forecasts featuring dwarfs bouncing on trampolines and stock exchange reports presented by Tiffany, a young female presenter who would strip naked as she read out the latest share prices. A large amount of airtime was given over to tarot card readers and astrologers. L!VE TV's best known character was the News Bunny, a man dressed as a giant rabbit who popped up during news broadcasts to give a thumbs up or a thumbs down to the various news stories to indicate whether or not he found them interesting or exciting. This article is about the womens bathing suit. ... For other uses, see Scandinavia (disambiguation). ... For the geological process, see Weathering or Erosion. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This page is about the medical condition. ... For other uses, see Trampoline (disambiguation). ... Tarot (Tar-oh) is a system of symbolical images. ... An astrological chart (or horoscope) _ Y2K Chart — This particular chart is calculated for January 1, 2000 at 12:01:00 A.M. Eastern Standard Time in New York City, New York, USA. (Longitude: 074W0023 - Latitude: 40N4251) Astrology (from Greek: αστρολ&#959... L!ve TVs mascot News Bunny (1996-1999) was station mascot, and creation of the short-lived UK TV Station L!VE TV, under its publicity-seeking boss Kelvin MacKenzie. ...

The station had a budget of only £2000 an hour and attracted very little in the way of an audience, never being watched by more than an average of 200,000 viewers but the channel was well known because of the controversy and criticism surrounding its programming, which led to the station being labelled "Tabloid TV" and even "Sun TV" (in reference to the newspaper, some critics accusing MacKenzie of doing nothing more than creating a television version of his old newspaper). MacKenzie has been accused of taking a "shamelessly tacky approach". He eventually left the station in 1997. He has later said of L!VE TV:

In November 1998 MacKenzie headed a consortium (TalkCo Holdings) which purchased Talk Radio from CLT for £24.7 million. One of the financial backers was News International, News Corporation's main UK subsidiary.^[36] In 1999 TalkCo was renamed The Wireless Group and in January 2000 Talk Radio was rebranded as TalkSport. The Wireless Group acquired The Radio Partnership in 1999, gaining control of its nine local commercial stations. In May 2005, it was announced that the Northern Ireland media company, UTV plc, had made an agreed offer to buy the company, subject to shareholder and regulatory approval. In June 2005 the takeover proceeded, with MacKenzie being replaced by UTV executive Scott Taunton. Five (often referred as five, as per the logo), formerly, and more commonly known as Channel 5, is the British fifth and final national analogue terrestrial TV channel. ... talkSPORT is a commercial sports and talk radio station, based in London, broadcasting to the United Kingdom providing sports talk, live commentaries, phone-in discussion and talk shows. ... News International is a British newspaper publisher owned by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation. ... UTV Radio is a UK media company, and owner of several radio stations in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. ... talkSPORT is a commercial sports and talk radio station, based in London, broadcasting to the United Kingdom providing sports talk, live commentaries, phone-in discussion and talk shows. ... 2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Wikimedia Commons has media related to: May 2005 Deaths in May May 26: Eddie Albert May 25: Ismail Merchant May 25: Sunil Dutt May 25: Graham Kennedy May 22: Thurl Ravenscroft May 21: Howard Morris May 21... Ulster Television plc (also referred to as the UTV Group) is a Broadcasting and New Media company in Northern Ireland. ... 2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Deaths in June June 27: Shelby Foote June 27: John T. Walton June 26: Richard Whiteley June 25: John Fiedler June 25: Chet Helms June 24: Paul Winchell June 21: Jaime Cardinal Sin June 20: Jack Kilby... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

In September 2005 MacKenzie took over Highbury House Communications, a magazine publishing company based in Bournemouth and Orpington. HHC held a number of titles mainly in the Leisure and Computing (Games) market with a 'ladette' title sitting uncomfortably in their portfolio. HHC was already suffering from massive debts when MacKenzie took the reins and despite efforts on his part to broker a life-line to save the ailing company, he had inherited a poisoned legacy. Highbury didn't survive, and closed its doors in December 2005. , Bournemouth is a large town and tourist resort, situated on the south coast of England. ... , // Orpington Town Sign Station Road Car Park Demolition The High Street and adjacent Walnuts Shopping Centre contain a wide selection of high-street shops. ... A crude, rude and disorganized person. ...

MacKenzie then spent a year as chairman of one of the UK's largest marketing and communications groups, Media Square plc, before leaving in March 2007.^[37] Media Square plc is a small marketing services company which was floated on London’s AIM AIM stock exchange in August 2000, It started life as a cash shell hoping to develop digital marketing solutions service for clients. ...

MacKenzie has appeared on the BBC's Grumpy Old Men TV series, discussing his pet hates. Ironically, considering the programme is made by the BBC, on one edition he accused the BBC of having a left-wing bias and of producing out-dated and poor quality programmes and news. MacKenzie said that the reason for this was that that BBC Television Centre is populated almost exclusively by "left-wing turds". For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Grumpy Old Men was: The title of a 1993 movie, Grumpy Old Men The title of a 2000s BBC2 television show, Grumpy Old Men This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... BBC Television Centre (sometimes abbreviated TVC or TC) in London is home to much of the BBCs television output and, since 1998, almost all of the corporations national TV and radio news output by BBC News. ...

Despite the aforementioned criticism of the corporation, in March 2006 MacKenzie joined BBC Radio Five Live as a presenter. He made his debut on the station over the summer, presenting a series of programmes telling the story of various scandals which have occurred at FIFA World Cup tournaments over the years. He then presented a retrospective look at the year gone by on Christmas Day.^[38] BBC Radio Five Live is the BBCs radio service providing live BBC News, phone-ins, and sports commentaries. ... For the club competition, see FIFA Club World Cup. ...

MacKenzie returned to The Sun to work as a columnist from May 2006 where he has again courted controversy, this time by making reference to Scots as 'Tartan Tosspots' and apparently rejoicing in the fact that Scotland has a lower life expectancy than the rest of the United Kingdom.^[39] MacKenzie has stated that he has never regarded himself as a good writer and that it takes him a day and a half to finish each column. On the subject of the columns themselves, he has said "I want to get the Lonsdale Belt for vile and be personally rude to as many people as possible." This article is about the Scottish as an ethnic group. ... This article is about the country. ... The Lonsdale Belt is the oldest championship belt in boxing and its origins started in London back in 1909. ...

Hillsborough controversy again

During an after-dinner speech to Mincoffs Solicitors LLP (a Newcastle-based law firm) on 30 November 2006, MacKenzie is reported to have said of his coverage of the Hillsborough disaster:

MacKenzie went on to compare Merseysiders with animal rights activists. Ironically, MacKenzie is also said to have remarked, The World at One, or WATO for short, is BBC Radio 4s long-running lunchtime news and current affairs programme, which is broadcast from 1pm to 1:30pm from Monday to Friday. ...

The remarks were met with widespread incredulity and condemnation, particularly on Merseyside, where Liverpool F.C., the local Liverpool Echo and numerous local MPs condemned MacKenzie, with Walton MP Peter Kilfoyle arguing that the quotes confirmed that MacKenzie was "never fit to edit a national newspaper". The Liverpool Echo called for The Sun to sack MacKenzie as a columnist. The Sun issued a statement saying that they had "already apologised for what happened and we stand by that apology." However despite reports of consternation at The Sun over MacKenzie's statements, the newspaper chose to retain him as a columnist. MacKenzie himself refused to comment publicly on the controversy and pulled out of a scheduled appearance on BBC TV's Question Time later that week. ^[40][41] The Liverpool Echo and Liverpool Daily Post are two newspapers published by Trinity Mirror on Merseyside in the United Kingdom. ... There are many people and places named Walton: Places In New Zealand: Walton, North Island In the United Kingdom: Walton, Buckinghamshire Walton, Cheshire Walton, Cumbria Walton, Derbyshire Walton-upon-Trent, Derbyshire Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex Walton, Leicestershire Walton, Merseyside Walton, Milton Keynes Walton, Peterborough Walton, Powys Walton, Somerset Walton... Peter Kilfoyle (born on June 9, 1946 in Liverpool) is a UK politician. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Earlier that autumn MacKenzie had already provoked controversy in Liverpool by stating in a Press Gazette inverview that he had never knowingly printed any lies in The Sun and that even stories which later turned out to be untrue were still "good stories". In relation to the publishing of false or misleading reports in The Sun, MacKenzie asked "What am I supposed to feel ashamed about?" ^[42]. MacKenzie was not specifically referring to the coverage of the Hillsborough disaster and made no mention of the tragedy during the interview, but the Liverpool Echo published a piece reporting MacKenzie's statements and criticising the apparent lack of shame or regret over the Hillsborough coverage implied by them (and the fact that MacKenzie may still regard the misleading coverage as a "good story").

Although there was actually little reaction to the quotes on Merseyside at the time, they did draw comment from Phil Hammond, chairman of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, who said: "I can't believe that even after all these years, there is no remorse or regret for the hurt he caused".^[43] It was still thought at this point however that, although MacKenzie appeared not to regret the coverage, he no longer regarded it as having any factual basis after his apparent admissions in the past that the allegations made were lies fed to him by police officers and a Tory MP. Phil Hammond can refer to: Philip Hammond, Member of Parliament Dr Phil Hammond, comedian This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

On 6 January 2007 a protest took place at Anfield Stadium, the home of Liverpool F.C., during the FA Cup Third Round match against Arsenal F.C.. The protest was organised by fan group Reclaim The Kop, with the support of Liverpool F.C., and was directed towards MacKenzie personally and his continuing allegations about Hillsborough, and also towards the BBC (who were present at the stadium, broadcasting the game live on TV) for employing MacKenzie as a radio presenter and paying him with TV licence payers' (and therefore public) money. Almost 12,000 people in the Kop stand held up a mosaic which spelled out the words 'The Truth' whilst Liverpool supporters chanted "Justice for the 96" for six minutes, signifying the length of time that the Hillsborough game played on for before being abandoned. MacKenzie did not respond to the protest publicly. is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... This article is about the football stadium. ... Liverpool Football Club are an English professional football club based in Liverpool, Merseyside, who play in the Premier League; they are historically the most successful club in the history of English football, having won more trophies than any other English club. ... This article is about the English FA Cup. ... Arsenal Football Club (also known as Arsenal, The Arsenal or The Gunners) are an English professional football club based in Holloway, north London. ... Reclaim The Kop, often shortened to RTK, is a campaign set-up by a group of Liverpool FC supporters. ... A television licence is an official licence required in some countries for all owners of a television receiver. ...

On 11 January 2007 MacKenzie appeared on BBC TV's Question Time programme, held in his home county of Kent. Towards the end of the program, MacKenzie was asked by presenter David Dimbleby about The Sun's claims about the Hillsborough disaster. MacKenzie stated that he stands by his allegation that ticketless fans were the cause of the disaster but that he does not know whether the other allegations about theft from the dead and fans urinating over victims and policemen were true. MacKenzie also claimed that an unnamed Liverpool news agency was one of the sources for the Sun story, something that he has never claimed before. Clare Short MP suggested MacKenzie should apologise to the bereaved families and survivors who say that his claims cause them distress and hurt but he refused, claiming that it would make no difference anyway due to the bad blood between himself and Liverpool F.C. MacKenzie suggested that those who feel angry at him should instead direct their anger towards "someone who caused the disaster". MacKenzie was heckled by some members of the audience while Short was applauded when she repeated her suggestion that he should retract his claims and apologise, but MacKenzie remained adamant that he has nothing to apologise for. is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A county is generally a sub-unit of regional self-government within a sovereign jurisdiction. ... David Dimbleby CBE (born October 28, 1938) is a long standing BBC TV commentator, a presenter of current affairs and political programmes, and more recently, art and architectural history series. ... Clare Short (born 15 February 1946) is a British politician and a member of the British Labour Party. ... Liverpool Football Club are an English professional football club based in Liverpool, Merseyside, who play in the Premier League; they are historically the most successful club in the history of English football, having won more trophies than any other English club. ...

In February 2007, Independent journalist Matthew Norman claimed that MacKenzie is considering issuing a public apology for his coverage of the Hillsborough disaster, although he is "still unsure" as to whether to do so.^[44] His former colleague at The Sun Roy Greenslade has suggested that the real reason why MacKenzie may be so hesitant to apologise and admit the inaccuracy of the coverage may be his "anti-Scouse" bias, which Greenslade suspects makes it difficult for MacKenzie to "bring himself to say sorry to the city's people".^[45] In the 80's, MacKenzie's Sun (along with other Murdoch-owned newspapers) published a number of attacks on the city of Liverpool, criticising the city's Trotskyist Militant-led council and its strong opposition to the Thatcher government, and the supposed radical left-wing tendencies of the city's inhabitants, as well as promoting many negative stereotypes of Liverpudlians. The Sun at one point under MacKenzie would regularly refer to the city as the 'Socialist Republic of Liverpool'. Roy Greenslade is Professor of Journalism at London’s City University and has been a media commentator since 1992, most notably for The Guardian. ... For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation). ... Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ... The Militant tendency was a group within the UK Labour Party founded in 1964. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... For the term used in computing, see stereotype (UML). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Socialist state. ...

Question Time

On the 11th October 2007 on the BBC's Question Time programme, during a debate about tax, MacKenzie said "Scotland believes not in entrepreneurialism like London and the south east... Scots enjoy spending it [money] but they don't enjoy creating it, which is the opposite to down south".^[46]. The comments came as part of an attack on Prime Minister Gordon Brown whom MacKenzie said could not be trusted to manage the British economy because he was "a Scot" and a socialist. When challenged, he maintained that Brown's being Scottish was relevant. Fellow panelists clearly voiced their disgust, booing and jeering were heard from the Cheltenham studio audience with no applause and his remarks drew widespread criticism - in particular from Scottish entrepreneur Duncan Bannatyne who responded on BBC Radio 5 Live by saying "It is plainly wrong for MacKenzie to assert that Scottish people do not understand business and enterprise. There are some phenomenal Scottish entrepeneurs, I could name so many. I think Kelvin Mackenzie is a raving lunatic, I think he's a complete idiot and a racist idiot at that". Following a number of television interivews in which he attempted to defend his comments, MacKenzie further infuriated Scots by claiming without England's support, Scotland would most probably be a third world country. These prejudiced and racist comments recieved further criticism in both political circles and the national press^[47]. (Redirected from 11th October) October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in Leap years). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... Question Time is a topical debate television programme in the United Kingdom, based on Any Questions?. It is currently shown on BBC One at 22:35 on Thursdays, and typically features politicians from the three major political parties and other public figures who answer questions put to them by the... “Taxes” redirects here. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... For others with the same or similar names, see Gordon Brown (disambiguation). ... For the parliamentary constituency, see Cheltenham (UK Parliament constituency). ... Duncan Bannatyne on BBC Twos Dragons Den. ... BBC Radio Five Live is the radio service providing live BBC News, phone-ins, and sports commentaries. ...

Notes