Kevin Warwick speaking at the Tomorrow's People conference in 2006 hosted by Oxford University.

Kevin Warwick (born 9 February 1954 Coventry, UK) is a British scientist and professor of cybernetics at the University of Reading, UK. He is probably best known for his studies on direct interfaces between computer systems and the human nervous system, although he has done much research in the field of robotics. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Coventry (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Cybernetics (disambiguation). ... Whiteknights Lake Whiteknights Lake in winter The University Great Hall, on the London Road Campus The University of Reading is a university in the English town of Reading, Berkshire. ... A direct mind-computer interface or direct neural interface is literally that - a direct cybernetic link between a mind and a computer. ... This article is about the machine. ... The Human Nervous System. ... The Shadow robot hand system holding a lightbulb. ...

Biography

Kevin Warwick was born in 1954 in Coventry in the United Kingdom. He attended Lawrence Sheriff School in Rugby, Warwickshire. He left school in 1970 to join British Telecom, at the age of 16. In 1976 he took his first degree at Aston University, followed by a PhD and a research post at Imperial College London. Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Coventry (disambiguation). ... Lawrence Sheriff School is a selective boys grammar school in Rugby in Warwickshire. ... Rugby is a market town in the county of Warwickshire in the West Midlands of England, on the River Avon. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... BT Group plc (which trades as just BT, and is commonly known by its former name, British Telecom) is the privatised former British state telecommunications operator. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aston University from the Aston Expressway Aston University is a plate glass campus university, situated on a 40-acre (0. ... Affiliations Russell Group Association of MBAs IDEA League Association of Commonwealth Universities Golden Triangle Oak Ridge Associated Universities Nobel laureates 14 Website http://www. ...

He subsequently held positions at Oxford, Newcastle and Warwick universities before being offered the Chair in Cybernetics at Reading University in 1987. The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University), located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... See: University of Newcastle (NSW), a university in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia University of Newcastle upon Tyne, a university in England. ... The University of Warwick is a British campus university located on the outskirts of Coventry, West Midlands, England. ... The University of Reading is a university in the English town of Reading. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ...

Warwick is a Chartered Engineer, a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology and a Fellow of the City and Guilds of London Institute. He is Visiting Professor at the Czech Technical University in Prague and in 2004 was Senior Beckman Fellow at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. He is also Director of the Reading University Knowledge Transfer Centre, which links the University with Companies. IET logo The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) is the professional institution for engineering and technology in the United Kingdom. ... The City and Guilds of London Institute (City & Guilds) is a UK examining and accreditation body for vocational, managerial and engineering training, offering over 500 qualifications in 28 industry areas, spanning from entry level to the equivalent of a postgraduate degree. ... Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU, České Vysoké Učení Technické v Praze – ČVUT in Czech) is one of the largest universities in the Czech Republic. ... A Corner of Main Quad The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC, U of I, or simply Illinois), is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious campus in the University of Illinois system. ...

Warwick has been awarded higher doctorates (DScs) both by Imperial College and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague. He was presented with The Future of Health Technology Award from MIT (USA), was made an Honorary Member of the Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, was awarded the University of Malta medal from the Edward de Bono Institute and in 2004 received The IEE Achievement Medal. Royal School of Mines Entrance Imperial College London is a college of the University of London which focuses on science and technology, and is located in South Kensington in London. ... Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Prague, Czech Republic The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Czech: , abbr. ... The University of Malta is the highest teaching institution in the Republic of Malta. ...

Work

Warwick carries out research in artificial intelligence, biomedical engineering, control systems and robotics. AI redirects here. ... The AbioCor artificial heart, an example of a biomedical engineering application of mechanical engineering with biocompatible materials for Cardiothoracic Surgery using an artificial organ. ... A control system is a device or set of devices that manage the behavior of other devices. ... The Shadow robot hand system holding a lightbulb. ...

Artificial intelligence

Warwick presently heads an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council supported research project which investigates the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques in order to suitably stimulate and translate patterns of electrical activity from living cultured neural networks in order to utilise the networks for the control of mobile robots. Hence a biological brain actually provides the behaviour process for each robot. It is expected that the method will be extended to the control of a robot head. The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is a British Research Council that provides government funding for grants to undertake research and postgraduate degrees in engineering and the physical sciences (including mathematics, Artificial Intelligence and computer science), mainly to universities in the United Kingdom. ... AI redirects here. ...

Warwick has very outspoken views on the future, particularly with respect to artificial intelligence and its impact on the human species, and argues that we will need to use technology to enhance ourselves in order to avoid being overtaken. He also points out that there are many limits, such as our sensorimotor abilities, that we can overcome with machines, and is on record as saying that he wants to gain these abilities: "There is no way I want to stay a mere human."^[1] AI redirects here. ... Developed first by Jean Piaget, the theory of cognitive development is based on schemas, or schemes of how one perceives the world, in critical periods -- times during which one is particularly susceptible to certain information. ...

Bioethics

Warwick heads the Reading University team in a number of European Community projects such as FIDIS looking at issues concerned with the future of identity and ETHICBOTS which is considering the ethical aspects of robots and cyborgs. Warwick is also working with Daniela Cerqui, a social and cultural anthropologist from the University of Lausanne, to address the main social, ethical, philosophical and anthropological issues related to his research.^[2] The University of Reading is a university in the English town of Reading. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... University of Lausanne, museum and library The University of Lausanne (in French: Université de Lausanne) or UNIL in Lausanne, Switzerland was founded in 1537 as a school of theology, before being made a university in 1890. ...

Warwick’s areas of interest have many ethical implications, some due to his Human enhancement experiments. The ethical dilemmas in his research are highlighted as a case study for schoolchildren and science teachers by the Institute of Physics ^[3]as a part of their formal Advanced level and GCSE studies. His work has also been directly discussed by The President's Council on Bioethics and the President’s Panel on Forward Engagements^[4] Human enhancement describes any attempt, whether temporary or permanent, to overcome the current limitations of human cognitive and physical abilities, whether through natural or artificial means. ... The Institute of Physics (IOP) is Britain and Irelands main professional body for physicists. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Deep brain stimulation

Along with Tipu Aziz and his team at John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Warwick is helping to design the next generation of Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease ^[5]. Instead of stimulating the brain all the time, the aim is for the device to predict when stimulation is needed and to apply the signals prior to any tremors occurring to stop them before they even start. Professor Tipu Aziz Tipu Aziz is a professor of neurosurgery at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, and a lecturer at Magdalen College, Oxford and the Imperial College London medical school. ... The John Radcliffe Hospital is a large tertiary teaching hospital in Oxford, UK. It is the main teaching hospital for Oxford University, and as such is a well developed centre of medical research. ... In neurotechnology, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical treatment involving the implantation of a medical device called a brain pacemaker, which sends electrical impulses to specific parts of the brain. ...

Public Awareness

Warwick has headed a number of projects aimed at exciting schoolchildren about the technology with which he is involved. In 2000 he received the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Millennium Award for his Schools Robot League. Meanwhile in 2007, 16 school teams were involved in designing a humanoid robot to dance and then complete an assault course - a final competition being held at the Science Museum (London). The project, entitled 'Androids Advance' was supported by EPSRC and was presented as an evening news item on Chinese television^[6] The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is a British Research Council that provides government funding for grants to undertake research and postgraduate degrees in engineering and the physical sciences (including mathematics, Artificial Intelligence and computer science), mainly to universities in the United Kingdom. ... The Science Museum on Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London is part of the National Museum of Science and Industry. ... The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is a British Research Council that provides government funding for grants to undertake engineering and science research, mainly to universities in the United Kingdom. ...

Warwick has appeared in numerous television documentary programmes on artificial intelligence, robotics and the role of science fiction in science, such as How William Shatner Changed the World, Future Fantastic and Explorations (TV). He has also guested on a number of TV chat shows, including Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Først & sist and Richard & Judy. Warwick has appeared on the cover of a number of magazines, for example the February 2000 edition of Wired (magazine)^[7]. How William Shatner Changed the World is a two-hour television special produced for the History Channel in the United States. ... Future Fantastic was a British documentary television series which premiered in 1996 that looked into true stories of aliens, UFOs and other paranormal events. ... Explorations, powered by Duracell is a documentary TV series that looks into the many aspects of the human life with science, technology and research. ... Late Night with Conan OBrien is an Emmy Award-winning American late night talk show that is syndicated worldwide. ... Først & sist is a Norwegian talk show and the largest in the Nordic countries. ... Richard & Judy is an afternoon magazine/talk-show in the UK presented by married couple Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Robotics

Warwick's claims that robots that can program themselves to avoid each other while operating in a group raise the issue of self-organisation, and as such might be the major impetus in following developments in this area. In particular, the works of Francisco Varela and Humberto Maturana, once in the province of pure speculation now have become immediately relevant with respect to synthetic intelligence. Self-organization refers to a process in which the internal organization of a system, normally an open system, increases automatically without being guided or managed by an outside source. ... Francisco Varela (Santiago, September 7, 1946 – May 28, 2001, Paris) was a Chilean biologist and philosopher who, together with his teacher Humberto Maturana, is best known for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology. ... Humberto Maturana (born September 14, 1928 in Santiago) is a Chilean biologist whose work crosses over into philosophy and cognitive science. ...

Cyborg-type systems not only are homeostatic (meaning that they are able to preserve stable internal conditions in various environments) but adaptive, if they are to survive. Testing the claims of Varela and Maturana via synthetic devices is the larger and more serious concern in the discussion about Warwick and those involved in similar research. "Pulling the plug" on independent devices cannot be as simple as it appears, for if the device displays sufficient intelligence and assumes a diagnostic and prognostic stature, we may ultimately one day be forced to decide between what it could be telling us as counterintuitive (but correct) and our impulse to disconnect because of our limited and "intuitive" perceptions. Homeostasis or homoeostasis is the property of an open system, especially living organisms, to regulate its internal environment so as to maintain a stable condition, by means of multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustments controlled by interrelated regulation mechanisms. ...

Warwick's robots seemed to have exhibited behaviour not anticipated by the research, one such robot "committing suicide" because it could not cope with its environment.^{[citation needed]} In a more complex setting, it may be asked whether a "natural selection" may be possible, neural networks being the major operative.

The 1999 edition of the Guiness Book of Records recorded that Warwick carried out the first robot learning experiment across the internet. One robot, with an Artificial Neural Network brain in Reading, UK, learnt how to move around. It then taught, via the internet, another robot in SUNY Buffalo New York State, USA, to behave in the same way. The robot in the USA was therefore not taught or programmed by a human, but rather by another robot based on what it itself had learnt.^[8] The Guinness Book of Records (or in recent editions Guinness World Records, and in previous US editions Guinness Book of World Records) is a book published annually, containing an internationally recognized collection of superlatives: both in terms of human achievement and the extrema of the natural world. ... An artificial neural network (ANN), often just called a neural network (NN), is a mathematical model or computational model based on biological neural networks. ... University at Buffalo The University at Buffalo, formerly known as the State University of New York at Buffalo, is located in Buffalo, New York, USA, and is one of the four university centers operated by the State University of New York. ...

Robotics: Project Cyborg

Probably the most famous piece of research undertaken by Warwick (and the origin of the nickname, "Captain Cyborg", given to him by The Register) is the set of experiments known as Project Cyborg, in which he had a chip implanted into his arm, with the aim of "becoming a cyborg". Current logo of The Register. ... For other uses, see Cyborg (disambiguation). ...

The first stage of this research, which began on 1998-08-24, involved a simple RFID transmitter being implanted beneath Warwick's skin, and used to control doors, lights, heaters, and other computer-controlled devices based on his proximity. The main purpose of this experiment was said to be to test the limits of what the body would accept, and how easy it would be to receive a meaningful signal from the chip.^[9] Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 236th day of the year (237th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... An EPC RFID tag used for Wal-Mart Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. ...

The second stage involved a far more complex chip which was implanted on 2002-03-14, and which interfaced directly into Warwick's nervous system. The electrode array inserted contained around 100 electrodes, of which 25 could be accessed at any one time, whereas the median nerve which it monitored carries many times that number of signals. The experiment proved successful, and the signal produced was detailed enough that a robot arm developed by Warwick's colleague, Dr Peter Kyberd, was able to mimic the actions of Warwick's own arm^[10] Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... An electrode array is a configuration of electrodes used for measuring either an electric current or voltage. ... For other uses, see Electrode (disambiguation). ... The median nerve is a nerve that runs down the arm and forearm. ... View of the Canadarm during a Space Shuttle mission The Remote Manipulator System (RMS) on the Space Shuttle, also known as the Canadarm, is an electromechanical arm that maneuvers a payload from the payload bay of the space shuttle orbiter to its deployment position and then releases it. ... Peter Kyberd is a professor at the University of New Brunswicks Institute of Biomedical Engineering[1], and a leading authority on control of prosthetic limbs, a subject he has been working on since the late 1980s[2], including a highly publicised collaboration with Kevin Warwick at Reading University, using...

By means of the implant, Warwick's nervous system was connected onto the internet in Columbia University, New York. From there he was able to control the robot arm in Reading University and to obtain feedback from sensors in the finger tips. He also successfully connected ultrasonic sensors on a baseball cap and experienced a form of extra sensory input.^[11] Alma Mater Columbia University is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... View of the Canadarm during a Space Shuttle mission The Remote Manipulator System (RMS) on the Space Shuttle, also known as the Canadarm, is an electromechanical arm that maneuvers a payload from the payload bay of the space shuttle orbiter to its deployment position and then releases it. ... The University of Reading is a university in the English town of Reading. ...

A highly publicised extension to the experiment, in which a simpler array was implanted into Warwick's wife—with the aim of creating a form of telepathy or empathy using the Internet to communicate the signal from afar—was also successful, resulting in the first purely electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans^[12] Finally, the effect of the implant on Warwick's hand function was measured using the University of Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP). It was feared that directly interfacing with the nervous system might cause some form of damage or interference, but no measurable effect was found. Telepathy, from the Greek τῆλε, tele, remote; and πάθεια, patheia, to be effected by, describes the hypothetical transfer of information on thoughts or feelings between individuals by means other than the five classical senses. ... Not to be confused with Pity, Sympathy, or Compassion. ... The University of Southampton is a university situated in the city of Southampton, on the south coast of Great Britain. ... The Human Nervous System. ...

As well as the Project Cyborg work, Warwick has been involved in several of the major robotics developments within the Cybernetics Department at Reading. These include the "seven dwarves", a version of which was given away in kit form as Cybot on the cover of Real Robots Magazine. Real Robots was the name of a fortnightly magazine by Eaglemoss Publications. ... Real Robots was the name of a fortnightly magazine by Eaglemoss Publications. ...

Robotics: Implications and criticisms on Project Cyborg

Warwick and his colleagues claim that the Project Cyborg research could lead to new medical tools for treating patients with damage to the nervous system, as well opening the way for the more ambitious enhancements Warwick advocates. Some transhumanists even speculate that similar technologies could be used for technology-facilitated telepathy, or "techlepathy."^[13] Warwick himself asserts that his controversial work is important because it directly tests the boundaries of what is known about the human ability to integrate with computerised systems.^{[citation needed]} The Human Nervous System. ... Posthuman Future, an illustration by Michael Gibbs for The Chronicle of Higher Educations look at how biotechnology will change the human experience, has become one of the secular icons representing transhumanism. ... Techlepathy is a neologism, referring to the communication of information directly from one mind to another (i. ...

A controversy arose in August 2002, shortly after the Soham murders, when Warwick reportedly offered to implant a tracking device into an 11-year-old girl as an anti-abduction measure. The plan produced a mixed reaction, with support from many worried parents but ethical concerns from a number of children's societies.^{[citation needed]} As a result, the idea did not go ahead. Also see: 2002 (number). ... Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman The Soham murders were a high profile murder case of two ten year old girls Holly Marie Wells (born October 4, 1991-c. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

Anti-theft RFID chips are common in jewelry or clothing in some Latin American countries due to a high abduction rate,^[14] and the company VeriChip announced plans in 2001 to expand its line of currently available medical information implants,^[15], to be GPS trackable when combined with a separate GPS device.^[16][17] VeriChip is a human-implantable RFID (radio frequency identification) device from VeriChip Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Applied Digital Solutions of Delray Beach, Florida. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... GPS redirects here. ...

Turing Interrogator

Kevin has twice participated as a Turing Interrogator, judging machines in the 2001 and 2006 Loebner Prize competitions, platforms for an 'imitation game' as devised by Alan Turing. The 2001 Prize, held at the Science Museum in London, was won by A.L.I.C.E.^[18] The 2006 contest was held at University College London and was won by Rollo Carpenter. Kevin's findings can be found in Turing Test: Mindless Game? – A Reflection on the Loebner Prize - a paper presented with co-author, Huma Shah, at the 2007 European conference on computing and philosophy (ECAP).^[19] The Loebner Prize is an annual competition that awards prizes to the Chatterbot considered by the judges to be the most humanlike of those entered. ... Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer. ... Affiliations University of London Russell Group LERU EUA ACU Golden Triangle G5 Website http://www. ... Rollo Carpenter is the creator of Jabberwacky, a learning Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatterbot that models, in part, the way humans learn. ...

Quotations

• “Shouldn’t I join the ranks of philosophers and merely make unsubstantiated claims about the wonders of human consciousness? Shouldn’t I stop trying to do some science and keep my head down? Indeed not”.^[20]
• “I feel that we are all philosophers, and that those who describe themselves as a ‘philosopher’ simply do not have a day job to go to”.^[20]
• On Human Consciousness: “John Searle put forward the view that a shoe is not conscious therefore a computer cannot be conscious. By the same sort of analogy though, a cabbage is not conscious therefore a human cannot be conscious”.^[21]
• On Machine Intelligence: “Our robots have roughly the equivalent of 50 to 100 brain cells. That means they are about as intelligent as a slug or snail or a Manchester United supporter”^[21].
• “An actual robot walking machine which takes one step and then falls over is worth far more than a computer simulation of 29,000 robots running the London Marathon in record time”.^[21]
• “When comparing human memory and computer memory it is clear that the human version has two distinct disadvantages. Firstly, as indeed I have experienced myself, due to ageing, human memory can exhibit very poor short term recall”.^[21]

John Rogers Searle (born July 31, 1932 in Denver, Colorado) is the Slusser Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, and is noted for contributions to the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and consciousness, on the characteristics of socially constructed versus physical realities, and on practical reason. ... Manchester Uniteds emblem Manchester United F.C. (often abbreviated to Man United or just Man U, pronounced man-yoo) is an English football club based at Old Trafford in Greater Manchester. ...

Publications

Warwick has written several books, articles and papers. A selection of his books:

• 2001, Warwick, Kevin. QI: The Quest for Intelligence. Piatkus Books. ISBN 0749922303. 
• 2004, Warwick, Kevin. I, Cyborg. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252072154. 
• 2004, Warwick, Kevin. March of the Machines: The Breakthrough in Artificial Intelligence. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252072235. 

Lectures (inaugural and keynote lectures):

• 1998, Robert Boyle Memorial Lecture at Oxford University,
• 2000, “The Rise of The Robots”, Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, entitled . These lectures were repeated in 2001 in a tour of Japan, China and Korea.
• 2001, Higginson Lecture at Durham University,
• 2003, Royal Academy of Engineering/Royal Society of Edinburgh Joint lecture in Edinburgh,
• 2003, IEEE (UK) Annual Lecture in London,
• 2004, Woolmer Lecture at University of York, Robert Hooke Lecture (Westminster)
• 2005, Einstein Lecture in Potsdam, Germany
• 2006, Bernard Price Lecture tour in South Africa; IMechE Prestige Lecture in London.
• 2007, Techfest plenary lecture in Mumbai; Kshitij keynote in Kharagpur (India); Annual Science Faculty lecture at University of Leicester, Graduate School in Physical Sciences and Engineering Annual Lecture, Cardiff University.

The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... Michael Faraday delivering a Christmas Lecture in 1856. ... Affiliations 1994 Group European University Association Association of MBAs EQUIS Universities UK N8 Group Association of Commonwealth Universities Website http://www. ... The Royal Academy of Engineering is a British learned society concerned with engineering. ... The Royal Society of Edinburghs Building on the corner of George St. ... The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or IEEE (pronounced as eye-triple-ee) is an international non-profit, professional organization incorporated in the State of New York, United States. ... This article is about the British university. ... Logo The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) is the British engineering society concerned with mechanical engineering. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Kshitij is the annual techno-management fest organised at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. ... University of Leicester seen from Victoria Park - Left to right: the Department of Engineering, the Attenborough tower, the Charles Wilson building. ... The main building of Cardiff University Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cardiff University Cardiff University (Welsh: Prifysgol Caerdydd) is a leading university located in the civic centre of Cardiff, Wales. ...

References

Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Wired News, online at Wired. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Wired News, online at Wired. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• God helmet
• Ray Kurzweil and The Age of Intelligent Machines
• Stelarc
• Steve Mann
• Transhumanism

The term God Helmet refers to a controversial experimental apparatus in neurotheology. ... Dr. Raymond Kurzweil (born February 12, 1948) is a pioneer in the fields of optical character recognition (OCR), text-to-speech synthesis, speech recognition technology, and electronic musical keyboards. ... The Age Of Intelligent Machines is the title of an Artificial Intelligence documentary (1987) and book (1990, ISBN 0262111217 / ISBN 0262610795) by futurist Ray Kurzweil; this was his first book and it won the Most Outstanding Computer Science Book of 1990 award by the Association of American Publishers. ... Stelarc (born Stelios Arcadiou on June 19, 1946) to Greek Cypriot parents is an Australian performance artist whose works focus heavily on futurism and extending the capabilities of the human body. ... Self-portrait of Mann in 1981 with wearable computing apparatus. ... Posthuman Future, an illustration by Michael Gibbs for The Chronicle of Higher Educations look at how biotechnology will change the human experience, has become one of the secular icons representing transhumanism. ...

External links

• Kevin Warwick's official site
• RTE Radio 1 debate with Kevin Warwick on Human Enhancement [podcast link http://www.rte.ie/radio1/podcast/podcast_sciencedebate.xml]
• Ananova story, with pictures of the chip and operation (dead link, see archive)
• List of articles mentioning "Captain Cyborg" at the Register
• Kevin Warwick at the Internet Movie Database
• Interview with Kevin Warwick in The Future Fire 1 (2005)
• Video of Kevin Warwick speaking at WhatTheHack