كوردستان ‎که‌یانیی‎‎ Keyaniya Kurdistanê Kingdom of Kurdistan Unrecognized state ←   ← 1921 – 1924 → The list of unrecognized countries enumerates those geo-political entities which lack general diplomatic recognition, but wish to be recognized as sovereign states. ... For a comprehensive list of the territories that formed the British Empire, see Evolution of the British Empire. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) Ä°stanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I  - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers  - 1320... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq_1924. ... Flag Capital Baghdad Language(s) Arabic Religion Islam Political structure League of Nations Mandate High Commissioner Sir Percy Cox National leader King Faisal I Historical era Interwar period  - San Remo conference April 26, 1920  - Treaty of Sèvres August 10, 1920  - Anglo-Iraqi Treaty 1930  - Independence October, 1932 The British... Image File history File links Flag_of_kurdistan-1922_1924. ... Flag The official flag of Iraqi Kurdistan, & ethnic flag of Kurdish people worldwide The Kurdish flag (also flag of Kurdistan, Kurdish: Alaya Kurdistanê [1]) first appeared during the Kurdish independence movement from the Ottoman Empire. ... Capital Sulaymaniyah Language(s) Kurdish Religion Islam Government Monarchy King Mahmud Barzanji Prime Minister Qadir Hafeed Historical era Interwar Period  - Treaty of Sèvres August 10, 1920  - Proclaimed October 10, 1921  - Treaty of Lausanne July 24, 1923  - Disestablished July, 1924  - British Mandate of Mesopotamia October 3, 1932

The Kingdom of Kurdistan can refer to two kingdoms formed in the 1920s in the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan. Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. ... Sulaymaniyah (BGN: As SulaymānÄ«yah; Arabic: ; Kurdish: سلێمانی, Slêmanî) is a city in the east of Iraqi Kurdistan. ... Look up Kurdish in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... For the documentary series, see Monarchy (TV series). ... Louis XIV, king of France and Navarre (Painting by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1701). ... Sheikh Mahmmud Barzanji (Kurdish: Şêx Mehmûd Berzincî, Arabic:شیخ محمود برزنجي) was the leader of several Kurdish uprisings against the British Mandate of Iraq. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Interbellum redirects here. ... The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Borders as shaped by the treaty The Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923) was a peace treaty signed in Lausanne that settled the Anatolian part of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire by annulment of the Treaty of Sèvres signed by the Ottoman Empire as the consequences of the... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... July is the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... Flag Capital Baghdad Language(s) Arabic Religion Islam Political structure League of Nations Mandate High Commissioner Sir Percy Cox National leader King Faisal I Historical era Interwar period  - San Remo conference April 26, 1920  - Treaty of Sèvres August 10, 1920  - Anglo-Iraqi Treaty 1930  - Independence October, 1932 The British... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the documentary series, see Monarchy (TV series). ... The 1920s they were sexy referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... For other uses, see Kurdistan (disambiguation). ...

Southern Kurdistan (Northern Iraq)

During the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Kurds in Iraq attempted to establish a semi-independent state. On at least one occasion they succeeded and formed the Kingdom of Kurdistan, which lasted from September 1922 - July 1924.^[1] This article describes the process of dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, in particular its final years in the early part of the 20th century. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) Ä°stanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I  - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers  - 1320... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ...

The Shaykh of the Qadiriyyah order of Sufis, the most influential personality in Southern Kurdistan,^[2] was appointed Governor of the former sanjak of Sulaymaniya, but rallied against the British and declared an independent Kurdistan in May, 1919. He was defeated in June. Shaikh (شيخ, also rendered as Sheik, Shaykh or Sheikh) is a word in the Arabic language meaning an elder or a revered old man. ... Qadiriyyah (Arabic: القادريه) (also transliterated Qadiri), is one of the oldest Sufi tariqas, derives its name from Abdul Qadir Jilani (also transliterated as Gilani) (1077-1166), a native of the Iranian province of Gilan. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... Sanjak and Sandjak (other variants: sinjaq, sanjaq) are the most common English transliterations of the Turkish word Sancak, which literally means banner. In Arabic the sanjaks were also called liwas. ... Sulaymaniyah (Arabic: as-sulaymānÄ«yä, Kurdish: Slêmanî) is a city in the southeast of greater Kurdistan (the Kurdish-speaking region of the Middle East). ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

On the 10 October 1921, a statement was issued in Sulaymaniya, the capital of Kurdistan, to establish a Kurdish government. Sheikh Mahmud Barzanji declared himself as the King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan.^[3] is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Languages Kurdish Religions Predominantly Sunni Muslim also some Shia, Yazidism, Yarsan, Judaism, Christianity Related ethnic groups other Iranian peoples (Talysh Baluch Gilak Bakhtiari Persians) The Kurds are an ethnic group who consider themselves to be indigenous to a region often referred to as Kurdistan, an area which includes adjacent parts...

After the Treaty of Sèvres, which settled some territories, Sulaymaniya still remained under the direct control of the British High Commissioner. After the subsequent penetration of the Turkish army into the area, an attempt was made by the British to counter this by appointing Shaykh Mahmud Governor again, in September 1922. The Shaykh revolted again, and in November declared himself King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan. Members of his cabinet included:.^[4] The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ... High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment. ...

Barzanji's cabinet

• Shaikh Qadir Hafeed, a brother of Shaykh Mahmud - Prime Minister
• Abdulkarim Alaka, a Christian Kurd - Finance Minister
• Ahmed Bagy Fatah Bag - Customs Minister
• Hajy Mala Saeed Karkukli - Justice Minister
• Hema Abdullah Agha - Labour Minister
• Zaky Sahibqran - Defence Minister of the Kurdish National Army
• Mustafa Pasha Yamolki - Education Minister
• Shekh Mohammed Gharib - Interior Minister

The army of the Kingdom of Kurdistan was called the Kurdish National Army. Barzanji was defeated by the British in July, 1924, and in January 1926 the League of Nations gave the mandate over the territory to Iraq, with the provision for special rights for Kurds. In 1930-1931, Shaykh Makhmud Barzanji made his last unsuccessful attempt. For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... Mustafa Pasha Yamolki (25 January 1866 - 25 May 1936) was a Kurd born in the Sulaymaniyah vilayet in the Ottoman Empire (now part of Iraq, approximately corresponding to As Sulaymaniyah Governorate). ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1939–1941 semi-official emblem Anachronous world map in 1920–1945, showing the League of Nations and the world Capital Not applicable¹ Language(s) English, French and Spanish Political structure International organization Secretary-general  - 1920–1933 Sir James Eric Drummond  - 1933–1940 Joseph Avenol  - 1940–1946 Seán Lester Historical... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The British Royal Air Force's Iraq Command acting on behalf of the Iraqi government in Baghdad played a part in bringing the Kingdom of Kurdistan to an end. RAF redirects here. ... Iraq Command was the RAF-led tri-service command in charge of all British forces in Iraq in the 1920s and early 1930s. ... Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ...

Chemical attacks

Noam Chomsky in his book, Deterring Democracy, describes the British role in the first chemical attack against Kurds as follows: Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, political activist, author, and lecturer. ... Deterring Democracy is a book published in 1992 Noam Chomsky, which explores the differences between the rhetoric and reality of United States forign policy and how it affects various countries around the world. ...

Churchill was in favour of using air power and poison gas against ’uncivilized tribes’ and ’recalcitrant Arabs’ i.e. Kurds and Afghans.

Northern Kurdistan (Southeastern Turkey)

The second Kingdom of Kurdistan was attempted in southeastern Turkey in 1925 and only lasted 3 months before being put down by the Turkish army. The rebellion was initiated by Sheikh Said of Piran who was reported to have been assisted by tribal elements from Syria.^[5] The history of the Kurds stretches from ancient times to the present day. ... Kurdish culture (Kurdish: çand û toreya kurdî) is a group of distinctive cultural traits practiced by Kurdish people. ... Land of Karda or Kur was the country located to the east of Tigris in what is today known as Kurdistan (land of Kurds) mentioned in Sumerian cuneiform tablets. ... Gutium, Mat Quti, Mat Qurti, (Land of Guti or Qurti people) was an ancient hilly country in upper Mesopotamia, comprised the area between Euphrates on the west and Zagros mountains on the east, streching from Sumerian era to the end of Babylonian era. ... Kingdom of Mitanni Mitanni (cuneiform KUR URUMi-it-ta-ni, also Mittani Mi-ta-an-ni, in Assyrian sources Hanigalbat, Khanigalbat cuneiform Ḫa-ni-gal-bat ) was a Hurrian kingdom in northern Mesopotamia from ca. ... The Mannaeans (or Mannai, Mannae, Biblical Minni) were an ancient people of unknown origin, who lived in the territory of present-day Iranian Azerbaijan around the 10th to 7th century BC. At that time they were neighbours of the empires of Assyria and Urartu, as well as other small buffer... Matiene was the name of northwestern Iran from the time of the arrival of Iranians, who overran the Kingdom of Mannae. ... Mede nobility. ... 60 BC Kingdom of Corduene Corduene (also known as Cordyene, Cardyene, Gordyene, Gordyaea, Korduene, Korchayk and Girdiyan) was an ancient region located in northern Mesopotamia, known today as Kurdistan. ... The Kayusid or House of Kayus (also Kâvos) or Kâvusakân(226-380) was a semi-independent Kurdish kingdom in central and southern Kurdistan established in 226 CE. The House of Kayus was established after an agreement between Kurdish principalities and kingdoms and the Persian Empire, following a... Sharazor (also: Sharazur, Shahrazor, Shahrazur, Shahrezour, Shehrizor, land of Zor and City of Zor) was name of a historic Wilayet and a city situated to the south and east of Iraqi Kurdistan; // The name of Sharazor is formed of two words: Shar or shahr meaning: land, region, city; and Zor... The Shaddadids were a Kurdish dynasty, who ruled in various parts of Armenia, including Arran from 951-1174 or 1199 A.D. They were established Dvin. ... Rawadid (also Rawwadid or Ravvadid), (955-1227), was a Kurdish principality ruling Azerbaijan from the 10th to the early 13th centuries, centered around Tabriz and Maragheh(Maragha). ... Hasanwayhid,(959-1015), was a Kurdish principality centered at Dinawar (northeast of present-day Kermanshah). ... The Annazid or Banu Annaz,(990-1116), were a Kurdish dynasty that ruled a territory on the present-day Iran-Iraq frontier that included Kermanshah, Hulwan, Dinawar (all in western Iran), Sharazour, Daquq, Daskara, Bandanijin(Mandali), and Nomaniya(in north-eastern Iraq). ... Marwanid, (990-1085), was a Kurdish dynasty in Northern Mesopotamia and Armenia, centered around the city of Diyarbakır. ... Hadhabani (also: Hadhbani) was an 11th century Kurdish dynasty centered at Ushnu. ... The Ayyubid or Ayyoubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish[1] origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, Yemen (except for the Northern Mountains), Diyar Bakr, Mecca, Hejaz and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. ... Badlis (1182-1847), was a Kurdish principality originated from the Rojaki tribe. ... Ardalan or (Erdelan) is the name of a semi-independent state in north-western Iran which ruled an area encompassing present day Iranian province of Kurdistan from medieval period up to mid 19th century. ... Badinan, was one of the more powerful and enduring Kurdish principalities. ... Soran Emirate (1399-1883 A.D) was a Kurdish principality in Southern Kurdistan Its Capital was the city of Rawanduz. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... Baban, (1649-1850), was a Kurdish principality and ruling family originated in the region of Pijder. ... Simko Shikak also Ismail Agha Shikak (1887-1930), was a Kurdish politician and nationalist. ... The Republic of Ararat was a self-proclaimed Kurdish state. ... Flag Anthem: Ey Reqîb (English: Hey Guardian) Approximate extent of the Republic. ... Anthem Ey Reqîb (English: Hey Guardian) Location of Iraqi Kurdistan (dark green) with respect to Iraq (light green) on a map of the Middle East. ... Iranian Kurdistan (Kurdish: Kurdistana Îranê [1] or Kurdistana Rojhilat (Eastern Kurdistan) [2] or Rojhilatê Kurdistan (East of Kurdistan) [3], formerly: Persian Kurdistan) is an unofficial name for the parts of Iran inhabited by Kurds and has borders with Iraq and Turkey. ... Turkish Kurdistan (Turkish: Türkiye Kürdistanı or Kuzey Kürdistan (Northern Kurdistan) or Kuzeybatı Kürdistan [1] (Northwestern Kurdistan), Kurdish: Kurdistana Tirkiyê [2] or Bakurê Kurdistanê [3]) Northern Kurdistan is an unofficial name for the southeastern part of Turkey densely inhabited by Kurds, which references the regions geographical... The Kurds in Turkey (Kurdish: Kurdên li Tirkiye, Turkish: Türkiyedeki Kürtler) who are an Indo-European people and their name first mentioned around 3000 BC by Sumerians [6] are remnants of ancient Iranians who resided in Anatolia before the expansion of the Median Empire, 600 BC... Kurds are the largest ethnic minority in Syria making up 10% of the countrys population i. ... The Kurdistan newspaper Kurdish literature (in Kurdish: Wêjey kurdî) is a literature written in Kurdish language. ... Kurdish Music (Kurdish: Muzîk û strana kurdî) referes to music performed in Kurdish language. ... Kurdish dance (Kurdish: Govend) is a group of traditional hand-holding dances similar to those from the Balkans, Lebanon, and to Iraq. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Republic of Ararat
• Republic of Kurdistan - (Mahabad)
• Kurdistan Regional Government

The Republic of Ararat was a self-proclaimed Kurdish state. ... Flag Anthem: Ey Reqîb (English: Hey Guardian) Capital Mahabad Language(s) Kurdish Religion Islam (de facto) Government Republic President Qazi Muhammad Prime Minister Haji Baba Sheikh Minister of Defense Mustafa Barzani Legislature Not Established In the process of creating legislative body, but interrupted by military intervention. ... Official languages: Kurdish and Arabic Capital: Erbil Prime Minister: Nechervan Idris Barzani Area about 80 000 km² Population  - Total (2005):  - Density: perhaps 5,750,000 40/km² Currency: Iraqi dinar Time zone: UTC+3 National anthem: Ey Reqîb The Kurdish Autonomous Region is a political entity established in 1970 following...

References

Footnotes

KurdishMedia. ... KurdishMedia. ...

General

External links

• Footnotes to History (Kurdistan, Kingdom of)
• Mustafa Pasha Yamolki: his life and role in the Kurdish nationalist movement, By Dr. Rebwar Fatah.
• The Kurdish resistance to Southern Kurdistan annexing with Iraq, By Dr. Rebwar Fatah.
• Sheik Mahmmud Barzanji