Traditional county of Kirkcudbrightshire

Geography
Area - Total - % Water	Ranked 10th 574,024 acres (2,323 km&sup2) ? %
County town	Kirkcudbright
Chapman code	KKD

Kirkcudbrightshire (pronounced Kir-COO-bri-shir, also known as the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright or as East Galloway, and Siorrachd Chille Chuithbheirt in Gaelic) is a traditional county of south-western Scotland, bounded on the north and north-west by Ayrshire, on the west and southwest by Wigtownshire, on the south and southeast by the Irish Sea and the Solway Firth, and on the east and northeast by Dumfriesshire. It includes the small islands of Hestan and Little Ross. It has an area of 575,565 acres (2,323 km&sup2). It is governed by the unitary authority of Dumfries and Galloway. Image File history File links Kirkcudbrightshire county Enlarged version of a map originally drawn by Morwen File links The following pages link to this file: Kirkcudbrightshire ... This article explains the meaning of area as a Physical quantity. ... This is a list of traditional counties of Scotland ordered by area. ... A county town is the location of the administrative headquarters of a county. ... Location within the British Isles. ... Chapman codes are largely a superset of the ISO 3166-2:GB and BS 6879 codes identifying administrative divisions in the United Kingdom, but covering historical divisions. ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ... The Traditional counties of Scotland are historic and cutural divisions of Scotland. ... Scotland (Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is a country in northwest Europe and a constituent nation of the United Kingdom. ... Ayrshire (Scottish Gaelic, Siorrachd Inbhir Àir) is a traditional county in south-west Scotland, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde. ... Wigtownshire (Siorrachd Bhaile na h-Uige in Gaelic) is a small traditional county in the south west of Scotland. ... Relief map of the Irish Sea. ... The Solway Firth is a body of water that borders the most north westerly county of England (Cumbria) and the most south westerly county of Scotland (Dumfries and Galloway). ... Dumfriesshire (Siorrachd Dhùn Phris in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland. ... A unitary authority is a type of local authority, which has a single-tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area. ... Dumfries and Galloway (Dùn Phris agus Gall-Ghaidhealaibh in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland. ...

The north-western part of the shire is rugged, wild and desolate.

In this quarter the principal mountains are Merrick 843 m (2764 ft), the highest in the south of Scotland, and the group of the Rinns of Kells, the chief peaks of which are Corserine 814 m (2669 ft), Carlins Cairn 807 m (2650 ft), Meikle Millyea 746 m (2446 feet) and Millfire 716 m (2350 feet). Towards the south-west the chief eminences are Lamachan 717 (2350 ft), Larg 676 m (2216 ft), and the bold mass of Cairnsmore of Fleet 711 m (2331 ft). In the south-east the only imposing height is Criffel 569 m (1868 ft). In the north rises the majestic hill of Cairnsmore of Carsphairn 797 m (2614 ft), and close to the Ayrshire border is the Windy Standard 698 m (2290 feet). The southern section of the shire is mostly level or undulating, but characterised by picturesque scenery. This article is about the place in New York State. ...

The shore is generally bold and rocky, indented by numerous estuaries forming natural harbours, which however are of little use for commerce owing to the shallowness of the sea. Large stretches of sand are exposed in the Solway at low water and the rapid flow of the tide has often occasioned loss of life. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

The number of "burns" and "waters" is remarkable, but their length seldom exceeds 7 or 8 miles (13 km). Among the longer rivers are the Cree, which rises in Loch Moan and reaches the sea near Creetown after a course of about 30 miles, during which it forms the boundary, at first of Ayrshire and then of Wigtownshire; the Dee or Black Water of Dee (so named from the peat by which it is coloured), which rises in Loch Dee and after a course mainly S.E. and finally S., enters the sea at St Mary's Isle below Kirkcudbright, its length being nearly 36 miles (58 km); the Urr, rising in Loch Urr on the Dumfriesshire border, falls into the sea a few miles south of Dalbeattie 27 miles (43 km) from its source; the Ken, rising on the confines of Ayrshire, flows mainly in a southerly direction and joins the Dee at the southern end of Loch Ken after a course of 24 miles (39 km) through lovely scenery; and the Deugh which, rising on the northern flank of the Windy Standard, pursues an extraordinarily winding course of 20 miles (32 km) before reaching the Ken. The Nith, during the last few miles of its flow, forms the boundary with Dumfriesshire, to which county it almost wholly belongs. Ayrshire (Scottish Gaelic, Siorrachd Inbhir Àir) is a traditional county in south-west Scotland, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde. ... Wigtownshire (Siorrachd Bhaile na h-Uige in Gaelic) is a small traditional county in the south west of Scotland. ... St Marys Isle (Conister Rocks or Tower of Refuge) is a reef marker on the Isle of Man. ... Location within the British Isles. ... Dumfriesshire (Siorrachd Dhùn Phris in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland. ... Dalbeattie is a town in Dumfries and Galloway (formerly Kirkudbrightshire), Scotland, situated in a wooded valley on the Urr Water five miles east of Castle Douglas. ...

The lochs and mountain tarns are many and well-distributed; but except for Loch Ken, which is about 6 miles (10 km) long by half a mile (1 km) wide, few of them attain noteworthy dimensions. There are several passes in the hill regions, but the only well-known glen is Glen Trool, not far from the district of Carrick in Ayrshire, the fame of which rests partly on the romantic character of its scenery, which is very wild around Loch Trool, and more especially on its associations with Robert the Bruce. It was here that when most closely beset by his enemies, who had tracked him to his fastness by sleuth hounds, Bruce with the aid of a few faithful followers won a surprise victory over the English in 1307 which proved the turning-point of his fortunes. Carrick is a local government district in Cornwall, United Kingdom. ... Robert I, (Robert de Brus in Norman French and Roibert a Briuis in medieval Gaelic), usually known in modern English today as Robert the Bruce (July 11, 1274–June 7, 1329), was King of Scotland (1306–1329). ... // Events July - The Knights Hospitaller begin their conquest of Rhodes. ...

Geology

Silurian and Ordovician rocks are the most important in this county; they are thrown into oft-repeated folds with their axes lying in a northeast-southwest direction. The Ordovician rocks are graptolitic black shales and grits of Llandeilo and Caradoc age. They occupy all the northern part of the county north-west of a line which runs some 3 m. north of New Galloway and just south of the Rinns of Kells. South-east of this line graptolitic Silurian shales of Llandovery age prevail; they are found around Dalry, Creetown, New Galloway, Castle Douglas and Kirkcudbright. The Silurian is a major division of the geologic timescale that extends from the end of the Ordovician period, about 439 million years ago (mega years ago, mya), to the beginning of the Devonian period, about 408. ... The Ordovician period is the second of the six (seven in North America) periods of the Paleozoic era. ...

Overlying the Llandovery beds on the south coast are strips of Wenlock rocks; they extend from Bridgehouse Bay to Auchinleck and are well exposed in Kirkcudbright Bay, and they can be traced farther round the coast between the granite and the younger rocks. Carboniferous rocks appear in small faulted tracts, unconformable on the Silurian, on the shores of the Solway Firth. They are best developed about Kirkbean, where they include a basal red breccia followed by conglomerates, grits and cement stones of Calciferous Sandstone age. Auchinleck (sometimes pronounced Affleck) is a town with a population of ca. ... The Carboniferous is a major division of the geologic timescale that extends from the end of the Devonian period, about 340 million years ago (mya), to the beginning of the Permian period, about 280 mya. ... Breccia, derived from the Latin word for broken, is a sedimentary rock composed of angular fragments in a matrix that may be of a similar or a different material. ... Red Sandstone in Wyoming Sandstone is an arenaceous sedimentary rock composed mainly of feldspar and quartz and varies in colour (in a similar way to sand), through grey, yellow, red, and white. ...

Brick-red sandstones of Permian age just come within the county on the W. side of the Nith at Dumfries. Volcanic necks occur in the Permian and basalt dikes penetrate the Silurian at Borgue, Kirkandrews, etc. The Permian is a geologic period that extends from about 280 to 248 million years before the present (mya). ...

Most of the highest ground is formed by the masses of granite which have been intruded into the Ordovician and Silurian rocks; the Criffel mass lies about Dalbeattie and Bengairn, another mass extends east and west between the Cairnsmore of Fleet and Loch Ken, another lies northwest and southeast between Loch Doon and Loch Dee and a small mass forms the Cairnsmore of Carsphairn. Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ...

Glacial deposits occupy much of the low ground; the ice, having travelled in a southerly or south-easterly direction, has left abundant striae on the higher ground to indicate its course. Radiation of the ice streams took place from the heights of Merrick, Kells, etc; local moraines are found near Carsphairn and in the Deagh and Minnoch valleys. Glacial drumlins of boulder clay lie in the vales of the Dee, Cree and Urr. Austrias longest glacier, the Pasterze, winds its 8 km (5 mile) route at the foot of Austrias highest mountain, the Grossglockner A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. ... Drumlin in Cato, New York A drumlin (Gaelic druim the crest of a hill) is an elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. ...

Climate and Agriculture

The climate and soil suit grass and green crops rather than grain. The annual rainfall averages 45.7 inches (1.16 m). The mean temperature for the year is 9 °C (48 °F); for 4 January 4°C (39 °F); for July 15°C (59 °F). The major part of the land is either waste or poor pasture.

Population and Government

The population was 39,985 in 1891 and 39,383 in 1901, when 98 persons spoke both Gaelic and English. The use of Scots has never been enquired of in a census. The chief towns are Castle Douglas (population in 1901, 3018), Dalbeattie (3469), Kirkcudbright (2386), Maxwelltown (5796) with Creetown, and Gatehouse of Fleet (1013). The county forms part of the sheriffdom of Dumfries and Galloway. Scots (or Lallans, meaning Lowlands), often Lowland Scots to distinguish it from the Gaelic of the Highlands, is a language used in Scotland, as well as parts of Northern Ireland and border areas of the Republic of Ireland, where it is known in official circles as Ulster Scots or Ullans... Castle Douglas is a town in the south of Scotland in Dumfries and Galloway, in the eastern part of Galloway known as the Stewartry, between Dalbeattie and Gatehouse of Fleet. ... Dalbeattie is a town in Dumfries and Galloway (formerly Kirkudbrightshire), Scotland, situated in a wooded valley on the Urr Water five miles east of Castle Douglas. ... Location within the British Isles. ... Gatehouse of Fleet is a town in Scotland which has been in existence since the mid-1700s, although the area has been inhabited since much earlier. ...

At some point during the 1950s or 1960s Maxwelltown was transferred to Dumfriesshire, so it is debatable whether it should be regarded as part of the geographical county of Kirkcudbrightshire. // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the height of the baby-boom from returning... The 1960s, or The Sixties, in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ...

History

The country west of the Nith was originally peopled by a tribe of Celts called Novantae, or Atecott, who long retained their independence. After Agricola's invasion in A.D. 79 the country nominally formed part of the Roman province of Britannia, but the evidence is against there ever having been a prolonged effective Roman occupation. The view that there were Picts in Galloway in historical times is now rejected. A Celtic cross. ... Gnaeus Julius Agricola (July 13, 40 - August 23, 93) was a Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain. ... The Roman Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Ancient Roman polity in the centuries following its reorganization under the leadership of Octavian (better known as Caesar Augustus). ... Britannia, the British national personification. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

After the retreat of the Romans the Novantae remained for a time under their own chiefs, but in the 7th century accepted the overlordship of Northumbria. The Saxons, soon engaged in struggles with the Norsemen, had no leisure to look after their tributaries, and early in the 9th century the Atecotts made common cause with the Vikings. There may also have been significant Irish immigration in Galloway around that time. Henceforward they were styled, probably in contempt, Gallgaidhel, or "stranger Gaels" (i.e. Gaels who fraternised with the foreigners), the Welsh equivalent for which, Galiwyddel, gave rise to the name of "Galloway" (of which Galway is a variant), which was applied to their territory and still denotes the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright and the shire of Wigtown. Section from Shepherds map of the British Isles about 802 AD showing the kingdom of Northumbria Northumbria is primarily the name of an Anglian kingdom which was formed in Great Britain at the beginning of the 7th century, and of the much smaller earldom which succeeded the kingdom. ... The Saxons were a large and powerful Germanic people located in what is now northwestern Germany and a small section of the eastern Netherlands. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Galway (official Irish name: Gaillimh) is a city in the province of Connacht in Ireland and capital of County Galway. ... Wigtown is a town in the south of Scotland in Dumfries and Galloway, south of Newton Stewart and east of Stranraer. ...

When Scotland consolidated under Kenneth MacAlpine (crowned at Scone in 844), Galloway did not form part of the kingdom; but in return for the services rendered to him at this crisis Kenneth gave his daughter in marriage to the Galloway chief, Olaf the White, and also conferred upon the men of Galloway the privilege of marching in the van of the Scottish armies, a right exercised and recognized for several centuries. Kenneth I the Hardy (c. ... Scone is a large village, a mile north of Perth, Scotland. ...

During the next two hundred years the country had no rest from Danish and Saxon incursions and the continual lawlessness of the Scandinavian rovers. When Malcolm Canmore defeated and slew Macbeth in 1057 he married the dead king's relative Ingibiorg, a Pictish princess, an event which marked the beginning of the decay of Norse influence. The Galloway chiefs hesitated for a time whether to throw in their lot with the Northumbrians or with Malcolm; but language, race and the situation of their country at length induced them to become lieges of the Scottish king. King Malcolm III of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada), (1031-November 13, 1093) also known as Malcolm Canmore (Malcolm with the large head)Cean Mor meaning Big Head in Gaidhlig, was the eldest son of King Duncan I of Scotland and first king of the House of Dunkeld. ... Macbeth (Gaelic for Son of Life) c. ...

By the close of the 11th century the boundary between England and Scotland was roughly delimited on what became permanent lines. The feudal system ultimately destroyed the power of the Galloway chiefs, who resisted the innovation to the last. Several of the lords or "kings" of Galloway, a line said to have been founded by Fergus, the greatest of them all, asserted in vain their independence of the Scottish crown; and in 1234 the line became extinct in the male branch on the death of Fergus's great-grandson Alan. Feudalism comes from the Late Latin word feudum, itself borrowed from a Germanic root *fehu, a commonly used term in the Middle Ages which means fief, or land held under certain obligations by feodati. ...

One of Alan's daughters, Dervorguila, had married John de Baliol, father of King John of Scotland (1292 - 1296), and the people, out of affection for Alan's daughter, were lukewarm in support of Robert the Bruce. In 1308 the district was cleared of the English and brought under allegiance to the king, when the lordship of Galloway was given to Edward Bruce. Later in the 14th century Galloway espoused the cause of Edward Baliol, who surrendered several counties, including Kirkcudbright, to Edward III of England. John Balliol, the son of Devorguilla Balliol and John, 5th Baron de Balliol, was the king of Scotland from November 17, 1292-1296. ... John Balliol and his wife. ... Robert I, (Robert de Brus in Norman French and Roibert a Briuis in medieval Gaelic), usually known in modern English today as Robert the Bruce (July 11, 1274–June 7, 1329), was King of Scotland (1306–1329). ... Edward Bruce (c. ... Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was one of the most successful English kings of medieval times. ...

In 1372 Archibald the Grim, a natural son of Sir James Douglas "the Good", became Lord of Galloway and received in perpetual fee the Crown lands between the Nith and the Cree. He appointed a steward to collect his revenues and administer justice, and there thus arose the designation of the "Stewartry of Kirkcudbright".

The high-handed rule of the Douglases created general discontent, and when their treason became apparent their territory was overrun by the king's men in 1455; Douglas was attainted, and his honours and estates were forfeited. In that year the great stronghold of the Thrieve, the most important fortress in Galloway, which Archibald the Grim had built on the Dee immediately to the west of the modern town of Castle Douglas, was reduced and converted into a royal keep. (It was dismantled in 1640 by order of the Estates in consequence of the hostility of its keeper, Lord Nithsdale, to the Covenant.) The famous cannon Mons Meg, now in Edinburgh Castle, is said, apparently on limited evidence, to have been constructed in order to aid James III in this siege. Estate may have a number of meanings: Estate is a term used in common law to signify the total of a persons property, entitlements and obligations. ... The Covenanters, named after the Solemn League and Covenant, were a party that, originating in the Reformation movement, played an important part in the history of Scotland, and to a lesser extent in that of England, during the 17th century. ... Edinburgh Castle and NorLoch, around 1780 by Alexander Nasmyth Edinburgh Castle, an ancient stronghold on the Castle Rock in the centre of the city of Edinburgh, has been in use by assorted military forces since prehistoric times and only transferred from the Ministry of Defence recently. ... James III of Scotland (1451/ 1452 – June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. ...

As the Douglases went down the Maxwells rose, and the debatable land on the south-east of Dumfriesshire was for generations the scene of strife and raid, not only between the two nations but also among the leading families, of whom the Maxwells, Johnstones and Armstrongs were always conspicuous. After the battle of Solway Moss (1542) the shires of Kirkcudbright and Dumfries fell under English rule for a short period. The treaty of Norham (24 March 1550) established a truce between the nations for ten years; and in 1552, the Wardens of the Marches consenting, the debatable land ceased to be matter for debate, the parish of Canonbie being annexed to Dumfriesshire, that of Kirkandrews to Cumberland. When Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church, he asked James V of Scotland, his nephew, to do the same. ... Norham is a village in Northumberland, England, just south of the River Tweed and the border with Scotland. ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in Leap years). ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... Cumberland is one of the 39 traditional counties of England. ...

Though at the Reformation the Stewartry became fervent in its Protestantism, it was to Galloway, through the influence of the great landowners and the attachment of the people to them, that Mary Queen of Scots owed her warmest adherents, and it was from the coast of Kirkcudbright that she made her luckless voyage to England. The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Mary I of Scotland (Mary Stuart or Stewart) (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587), better known as Mary, Queen of Scots, was the ruler of Scotland from December 14, 1542 – July 24, 1567. ...

Even when the crowns of Scotland and England were united in 1603 turbulence continued; for trouble arose over the attempt to establish episcopacy, and nowhere were the Covenanters more cruelly persecuted than in Galloway. Episcopacy is the regime of church government by bishops (Lat. ... The Covenanters, named after the Solemn League and Covenant, were a party that, originating in the Reformation movement, played an important part in the history of Scotland, and to a lesser extent in that of England, during the 17th century. ...

After the union (1707) things mended slowly but surely, curious evidence of growing commercial prosperity being the enormous extent to which smuggling was carried on. No coast could serve the "free traders" better than the shores of Kirkcudbright, and the contraband trade flourished till the 19th century. The Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745 elicited small sympathy from the inhabitants of the shire. Walter Thomas Monningtons 1925 painting called Parliamentary Union of England and Scotland 1707 hangs in the Palace of Westminster depicting the official presentation of the law that formed the United Kingdom of Great Britain. ... This article is not about the Jacobite Orthodox Church, nor is it about Jacobinism or the earlier Jacobean period. ... Each Jacobite Rising formed part of a series of military campaigns by Jacobites attempting to restore the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, Great Britain) after James VII of Scotland and II of England was deposed in 1688 and the thrones usurped by his...

Kirkcudbrightshire became part of the Dumfries and Galloway Region in 1975, as the oddly-named District of Stewartry (which retained a district council until 1996). It maintains a strong regional identity and is a Lieutenancy Area. Dumfries and Galloway (Dùn Phris agus Gall-Ghaidhealaibh in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland. ... Stewartry was formerly (1975-96) a local government district in the Dumfries and Galloway region of Scotland. ... The Lieutenancy areas of Scotland are the areas used for ceremonial purposes such as Lord Lieutenancy. ...

Bibliography

• Sir Herbert Maxwell, History of Dumfries and Galloway (Edinburgh, 1896)
• Rev. Andrew Symson, A Large Description of Galloway (1684; new ed., 1823)
• Thomas Murray, The Literary History of Galloway (1822)
• Rev. William Mackenzie, History of Galloway (1841)
• P. H. McKerlie, History of the Lands and their Owners in Galloway (Edinburgh, 1870-1879)
• Galloway Ancient and Modern (Edinburgh, 1891)
• J. A. H. Murray, Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland (London, 1873).

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Aberdeenshire | Angus | Argyllshire | Ayrshire | Banffshire | Berwickshire | Buteshire | Caithness | Clackmannanshire | Cromartyshire | Dumfriesshire | Dunbartonshire | East Lothian | Fife | Inverness-shire | Kincardineshire | Kinross-shire | Kirkcudbrightshire | Lanarkshire | Mid Lothian | Morayshire | Nairnshire | Orkney | Peeblesshire | Perthshire | Renfrewshire | Ross-shire | Roxburghshire | Selkirkshire | Shetland | Stirlingshire | Sutherland | West Lothian | Wigtownshire Scotland (Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is a country in northwest Europe and a constituent nation of the United Kingdom. ... The Traditional counties of Scotland are historic and cutural divisions of Scotland. ... Flag of Scotland Ratio 3:5 430 × 260 pixels 2041 bytes There is an alternate flag with a lighter blue coloring: File links The following pages link to this file: Aberdeenshire (unitary) Angus Act of Union 1707 Aviemore Achiltibuie Cross Chelsea F.C. England England national football team Fulham F... The traditional county of Aberdeenshire (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain in Gaelic) borders Banffshire and Inverness-shire to the west, Perthshire, Angus and Kincardineshire to the south, and the North Sea to the north and east. ... Angus (Aonghas in Gaelic) is one of the historic counties and also one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland and a Lieutenancy Area. ... Argyll (Earra-Ghaidheal in Gaelic), sometimes called Argyllshire, is one of the traditional counties of Scotland. ... Ayrshire (Scottish Gaelic, Siorrachd Inbhir Àir) is a traditional county in south-west Scotland, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde. ... Banffshire (Siorrachd Bhanbh in Gaelic) is a small traditional county in the north of Scotland. ... Berwickshire (Siorrachd Bhearaig in Gaelic) is a traditional county and Lieutenancy area of Scotland, on the border with England. ... Alternate meanings: Bute (mythology) Bute is another name for phenylbutazone, a common drug used in horses. ... Caithness (Gallaibh in Gaelic) is a traditional county and former administrative county within the Highland area of Scotland. ... Clackmannanshire (Siorrachd Chlach Mhannainn in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy area, bordering onto the areas of Perth and Kinross, Stirling and Fife. ... Cromartyshire (Siorrachd Chromba in Gaelic) is a traditional county in the north of Scotland, consisting of a series of enclaves within Ross-shire. ... Dumfriesshire (Siorrachd Dhùn Phris in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland. ... Dunbartonshire is one of the Traditional counties of Scotland, in that part of the country formerly called Lennox (which was a title of nobility). ... East Lothian (Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy Area. ... Fife (Fìobh in Gaelic) is a unitary council region of Scotland situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth. ... Inverness-shire (Siorrachd Inbhir Nis in Gaelic) is one of the traditional counties of Scotland. ... Kincardineshire, also known as The Mearns (from A Mhaoirne meaning The Stewartry) is a traditional county on the coast of Northeast Scotland. ... Kinross-shire is a small traditional county of Scotland. ... Lanarkshire (Siorrachd Lannraig in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland. ... Midlothian (Meadhan Lodainn in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy Area. ... Morayshire or Elginshire (Siorrachd Mhoireibh in Gaelic) is one of the traditional counties of Scotland, bordering Nairnshire to the west, Inverness-shire to the south, and Banffshire to the east. ... Nairnshire (Siorrachd Inbhir Narann in Gaelic) is a small traditional county of Scotland, centred around Nairn, the traditional county town. ... Unofficial flag of Orkney The Orkney Islands are one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, and form a traditional county and Lieutenancy area. ... Peebleshire (Siorrachd nam Pùballan in Gaelic) is a traditional county in Scotland. ... Perthshire is an traditional county in central Scotland, which extends from Strathmore in the east, to the Pass of Drumochter in the north, Rannoch Moor and Ben Lui in the west, and Aberfoyle in the south. ... Renfrewshire (Siorrachd Rinn Friù in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary authority regions in Scotland. ... Ross-shire (Siorrachd Rois in Gaelic), a traditional county of Scotland, borders on Sutherland, Cromartyshire (of which it contains many enclaves), Inverness-shire and on an exclave of Nairnshire. ... Roxburghshire (Siorrachd Rosbroig in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland. ... Selkirkshire (Siorrachd Shalcraig in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland. ... Shetland Islands The Shetland Islands (sometimes historically spelled Zetland, formerly Hjaltland) are one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, and also form a traditional county and Lieutenancy area. ... Stirlingshire (Siorrachd Sruighlea in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland, based around Stirling, the traditional county town. ... Sutherland (Cataibh in Gaelic), or Sutherlandshire, is a traditional county in the north of Scotland, bordering on Caithness to the north and both Ross-shire and Cromartyshire to the south. ... West Lothian or Linlithgowshire (Lodainn an Iar in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy area. ... Wigtownshire (Siorrachd Bhaile na h-Uige in Gaelic) is a small traditional county in the south west of Scotland. ...

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain. Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) represents, in many ways, the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...