NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Lake Titicaca

Lake Titicaca is a lake located on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It sits 3,812 m (12,507 ft) above sea level making it the highest commercially navigable lake in the world.^[1] By volume of water it is also the largest lake in South America.^[2]^[3] The Republic of Bolivia is a landlocked country in central South America. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... For other uses, see Lake (disambiguation). ... Mountain Lake is a city and a township in Cottonwood County, Minnesota: Mountain Lake Mountain Lake Township It is also the name of a body of water in southwest Virginia: Mountain Lake This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... In hydrology, the discharge of a river is the volume of water transported by it in a certain amount of time. ... The Desaguadero River in Bolivia is the smallest of the 25 rivers that drain Lake Titicaca. ... Vaporization redirects here. ... Drainage basin. ... Drainage basin. ... Puno is a city in Peru, population 80,000, located on Lake Titicaca, the worlds highest navigable lake, at 12,421 feet. ... Copacabana, seen from above Copacabana, cathedral Copacabana is the main Bolivian town on Lake Titicaca, from where boats leave for Isla del Sol, the sacred Inca island. ... This article is about the unit of length. ...

Overview

The lake is located at the northern end of the endorheic Altiplano basin high in the Andes on the border of Peru and Bolivia. The western part of the lake lies within the Puno Region of Peru, and the eastern side is located in the Bolivian La Paz Department. Puno, Peru, is one of larger cities of the Altiplano. ... This article is about the mountain range in South America. ... This article is about the Region of Puno. ... La Paz is one of the 18 departments (departamentos) into which the Central American nation of Honduras is divided. ...

The lake is composed of two nearly separate sub-basins that are connected by the Strait of Tiquina which is 800 m (2,620 ft) across at the narrowest point. The larger sub-basin, Lago Grande (also called Lago Chucuito) has a mean depth of 135 m (443 ft) and a maximum depth of 284 m (932 ft). The smaller sub-basin, Lago Huiñaimarca (also called Lago Pequeño) has a mean depth of 9 m (30 ft) and a maximum depth of 40 m (131 ft).^[4] The overall average depth of the lake is 107 m (351 ft).^[5] The Strait of Tiquina is the passage that connects the larger and smaller parts of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. ...

Lake Titicaca is fed by rainfall and meltwater from glaciers on the sierras that abut the Altiplano. Five major river systems feed into Lake Titicaca^[6]—in order of their relative flow volumes these are: Ramis, Coata, Ilave, Huancané, and Suchez.^[2] More than 20 other smaller rivers empty into Titicaca, and the lake has 41 islands, some of which are densely populated. Look up sierra in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Puno, Peru, is one of larger cities of the Altiplano. ... For other uses, see River (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see River (disambiguation). ...

Having only a single season of free circulation, the lake is monomictic^[7]^[8] and water passes through Lago Huiñaimarca and flows out the single outlet at the Rio Desaguadero^[9], which then flows south through Bolivia to Lake Poopó. This only accounts for about 10% of the lake's water balance. Evapotranspiration, caused by strong winds and intense sunlight at altitude, balances the remaining 90% of the water input. It is nearly a closed lake.^[10] ^[2]^[11] Monomictic lakes are holomictic lakes that mix from top to bottom during one mixing period each year. ... The Desaguadero River in Bolivia is the smallest of the 25 rivers that drain Lake Titicaca. ... The top photo shows the lake with low water levels, exposing large tracts of salt and mud flats. ... Note: The Water Balance method is a winding mechanism used in mining In hydrology, the water balance is an equation which describes how water can be accounted for within a drainage basin. ... Evapotranspiration (ET) is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration. ...

Islands

Uros

Titicaca is notable for a population of people who live on the Uros, a group of 42 or so artificial islands made of floating reeds (totora, a reed that abounds in the shallows of the lake). These islands have become a major tourist attraction for Peru, drawing excursions from the lakeside city of Puno. Their original purpose was defensive, and they could be moved if a threat arose. Many of the islands contain watchtowers largely constructed of reeds. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x851, 347 KB) Description Uros people harvesting some Totora. This picture was shot by Christophe Meneboeuf in December 2005. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x851, 347 KB) Description Uros people harvesting some Totora. This picture was shot by Christophe Meneboeuf in December 2005. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Uros harvesting Totora on Lake Titicaca Totora (Schoenoplectus californicus ssp. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Before Mexico City, Tenochtitlan was an artificial island of 250,000 inhabitants (Dr. Atl) Dejima, not allowed direct contact with nearby Nagasaki Our Lady of the Rocks (Gospa od Å krpjela) in Montenegro An artificial island is an island that has been constructed by humans rather than formed by natural means. ... Uros harvesting Totora on Lake Titicaca Totora (Schoenoplectus californicus ssp. ... Nickname: Location in Peru Country Peru Region Puno Region Province Puno Province Elevation 3,860 m m (12,421 ft) Population - City 100 168 Time zone UTC-5 (UTC) Website: PUNO PERU[2] [3]Puno is a city in southeastern [[[Peru]]], located at the edge of Lake Titicaca, the world...

Amantaní

Amantaní is another small island on Lake Titicaca populated by Quechua speakers. About 800 families live in six villages on the roughly circular 15 square kilometres (6 sq mi) island. There are two mountain peaks, called Pachatata (Father Earth) and Pachamama (Mother Earth), and ancient ruins on the top of both peaks. The hillsides that rise up from the lake are terraced and planted with wheat, potatoes, and vegetables. Most of the small fields are worked by hand. Long stone fences divide the fields, and cattle, sheep, and alpacas graze on the hillsides. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1886x1264, 1602 KB) Beschreibung Intika watamanta Amantani watata qhawachkanchik. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1886x1264, 1602 KB) Beschreibung Intika watamanta Amantani watata qhawachkanchik. ... AmantanÃ in the distance as seen from Taquile. ... AmantanÃ in the distance as seen from Taquile. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Quechuan languages. ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References: ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat Wheat For the indie rock group, see Wheat (band). ... Binomial name Solanum tuberosum L. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a perennial plant of the Solanaceae, or nightshade, family, grown for its starchy tuber. ... This article is about a breed of domesticated ungulates. ...

There are no cars on the island, and no hotels. A few small stores sell basic goods, and there is a health clinic and school. Electricity was produced by a generator and provided limited to a couple of hours each day, but with the rising price of the petroleum, they no longer use the generator. Most families use candles or flash lights powered by batteries or hand-cranks.

Some of the families on Amantaní open their homes to tourists for overnight stays and provide cooked meals, arranged through tour guides. The families who do so are required to have a special room set aside for the tourists and must fit a code by the tour companies that help them. Guests typically take food staples (cooking oil, rice, sugar) as a gift or school supplies for the children on the island. They hold nightly traditional dance shows for the tourists where they offer to dress them up in their traditional clothes and participate.

Taquile

Taquile is a hilly island located 35 kilometres east of Puno. It's narrow and long, and was used as a prison during the Spanish Colony and well into the beginning of the 20th century. In 1970 it became property of the Taquile people, who inhabit the island since then (current population around 3,000). Taquiles have maintained their traditions and culture pretty much unchanged for centuries, and are renowned in the area for their high-quality, colourful textiles. Pre-Inca ruins are found on the highest part of the island, and agricultural terraces on hillsides. The main town in the island, also called Taquile, counts a textile cooperative shop, some small restaurants, and available rooms in family houses where visitors can stay for the night. Categories: Stub ... For other meanings of Inca, see Inca (disambiguation). ...

Isla del Sol

Situated on the Bolivian side of the lake with regular boat links to the Bolivian town of Copacabana, Isla del Sol ("Island of the sun") is one of the lake's largest islands. Copacabana, seen from above Copacabana, cathedral Copacabana is the main Bolivian town on Lake Titicaca, from where boats leave for Isla del Sol, the sacred Inca island. ... A view of the island Isla del Sol is an island in the southern part of Lake Titicaca. ...

The chronicler Bernabé Cobo documented two versions of an Inca origin myth that took place on the northern part of this island.^[12] The first Inca Manco Capac is said to have emerged from a prominent crag in a large sandstone outcrop known as Titikala (the Sacred Rock). Manco Capac is the son of Inti the Andean deity identified as the sun. In one version of the myth, the ancient people of the province were without light in the sky for many days and grew frightened of the darkness. Finally, the people saw the Sun emerge from the crag and believed it was the Sun's dwelling place. In another version related by Cobo, others believed the crag was dedicated to the Sun because it hid under the crag during a great Flood. Isla del Sol was the first land that appeared after the flood waters began to recede and the Sun emerged from Titikala to illuminate the sky once again. A temple was built at this rock and later expanded by the 10th Inca Tupac Inca Yupanqui. He built a covenant for mamaconas (chosen women) and a tambo (inn) for visiting pilgrims. from spanish wiki [1] modified File links The following pages link to this file: Lake Titicaca Categories: GFDL images ... from spanish wiki [1] modified File links The following pages link to this file: Lake Titicaca Categories: GFDL images ... Categories: Historical stubs | Inca emperors ... Inti or Sun of May of the flag of Argentina, 1818 In Inca mythology, Inti was the sun god, as well a patron deity of Tahuantinsuyu. ... Drawing of Tupac Inca Yupanqui by Guaman Poma (1615 CE) Tupac Inca Yupanqui (a. ... Tambo can refer to: Tambo: (son of Tony Little) In modern mythology he is known as the god of nick-names. ...

Excavations at the archaeological site of Ch'uxuqullu, located on a small peak above the Bay of Challa, led to the recovery of Archaic Preceramic remains that radiocarbon dated to about 2200 cal BC.^[13] Eight obsidian flakes were recovered from this context, and Neutron Activation Analysis of three of the flakes revealed that all of them were from the Chivay obsidian source which is located in the Colca Canyon, Department of Arequipa. The presence of Chivay obsidian is clear evidence that inhabitants of the island were participating in a wider network of exchange. An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been investigated using the discipline of archaeology. ... Carbon-14 is the radioactive isotope of carbon discovered February 27, 1940, by Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben. ... This article is about a type of volcanic glass. ... // How Neutron Activation Analysis Works Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a nuclear process used for determining certain concentrations of elements in a vast amount of materials. ... The Chivay obsidian source (71. ...

According to one bathymetric model^[14], there is no path between the shore edge and the Island of the Sun that does not pass over areas where the lake bottom reaches a depth of 200 m (660 ft) or greater. Paleoclimate studies indicate that around 3100 BC the level of Lake Titicaca would have been as much as 85 m (279 ft) lower than modern conditions, but that it had reached near modern levels by about 2000 BC.^[7]^[15]^[16] Thus, at 2200 BC lake levels were probably lower than at present. Data from Ch'uxuqullu could suggest that lake shore cultures were using well-developed watercraft technology during the Archaic period.^[13] The seafloor topography near the Puerto Rico Trench Bathymetry is the underwater equivalent to topography. ... Paleoclimatology is the study of climate change taken on the scale of the entire history of the earth. ...

Underwater archaeological investigations conducted off the Island of the Sun from 1989-92 led to the discovery of both Inca and Tiahuanaco artifacts. These are now on display at a site museum in Challapampa.^[17]. Today the economy of the island is mainly driven by tourism revenues, but subsistence agriculture and fishing are widely practiced.

Suriqui

Suriqui lies in the Bolivian part of lake Titicaca (in the south-eastern part also known as lake Huiñamarca)^[18].

Suriqui is thought to be the last place where the art of reed boat construction survives, at least as late as in 1998. Craftsmen from Suriqui helped Thor Heyerdahl in the construction of several of his projects, such as the reed boats Ra II and Tigris, and a balloon gondola^[19]. Hi Every Body For the cruiseferry, see: M/S Thor Heyerdahl Thor Heyerdahl Thor Heyerdahl (October 6, 1914 Larvik, Norway â€“ April 18, 2002 Colla Micheri, Italy) was a Norwegian ethnographer and adventurer with a scientific background in zoology and geography. ...

Name

The origin of the name Titicaca is unknown. It has been translated as "Rock Puma", allegedly because of its resemblance to the shape of a puma hunting a rabbit, combining words from the local languages Quechua and Aymara, and as well as translated as "Crag of Lead." Locally, the lake goes by several names. Because the southeast quarter of the lake is separate from the main body (connected only by the Strait of Tiquina), the Bolivians call it Lago Huiñaymarca (Quechua: Wiñay Marka) and the larger part Lago Chucuito. In Peru, these smaller and larger parts are referred to as Lago Pequeño and Lago Grande, respectively. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (900x647, 140 KB) Copacabana (bolivia) as seen from above by paraglider, by User:Gerd Breitenbach 2003, File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lake Titicaca Copacabana, Bolivia ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (900x647, 140 KB) Copacabana (bolivia) as seen from above by paraglider, by User:Gerd Breitenbach 2003, File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lake Titicaca Copacabana, Bolivia ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Species P. concolor P. yagouaroundi Puma is a Felidae genus that contains the Cougar (also known as the Puma, among other names) and the Jaguarundi. ... For other uses, see Rabbit (disambiguation). ... Quechua (Runa Simi in Quechua; Runa, human + Simi, speech, literally mouth; i. ... Aymara is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara of the Andes. ... The Strait of Tiquina is the passage that connects the larger and smaller parts of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. ... Quechua (Runa Simi in Quechua; Runa, human + Simi, speech, literally mouth; i. ...

Transport

A ferry connects the 1435mm gauge railway of Peru at Puno with the 1000mm gauge railway of Bolivia at Guaqui. // Railways total: 1,988 Km. ... Nickname: Location in Peru Country Peru Region Puno Region Province Puno Province Elevation 3,860 m m (12,421 ft) Population - City 100 168 Time zone UTC-5 (UTC) Website: PUNO PERU[2] [3]Puno is a city in southeastern [[[Peru]]], located at the edge of Lake Titicaca, the world... // total: 3,691 km (single track) narrow gauge: 3,652 km 1,000 mm (3 ft 3â…œin) gauge; 39 km 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge (13 km electrified) (1995) the eastern and western networks are joined only via Argentina, dues to slow progress on a direct link. ...

Miscellaneous

The Bolivian Naval Force uses the lake to carry out naval exercises, maintaining an active navy despite being landlocked. The Bolivian Naval Force, formerly Bolivian Navy (in Spanish, Armada Boliviana) does exist, though the country has been landlocked for almost 150 years. ... Naval redirects here. ... A landlocked country is one that has no coastline. ...

The partly-salt Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela is the only body of water in South America larger than Titicaca, at about 13,000 square kilometres (5,000 sq mi). Lake Maracaibo from space, August 1985. ...

Lake Titicaca was designated a Ramsar site (8,000km²) on 26 August 1998. The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands, i. ... is the 238th day of the year (239th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ...

References

^ Drews, Carl (13 September 2005). The Highest Lake in the World. Retrieved on 2006-12-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c Grove, M. J., P. A. Baker, S. L. Cross, C. A. Rigsby and G. O. Seltzer 2003 Application of Strontium Isotopes to Understanding the Hydrology and Paleohydrology of the Altiplano, Bolivia-Peru. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 194:281-297.
^ Rigsby, C., P. A. Baker and M. S. Aldenderfer 2003 Fluvial History of the Rio Ilave Valley, Peru, and Its Relationship to Climate and Human History. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 194:165-185.
^ Dejoux, C. and A. Iltis (editors) 1992 Lake Titicaca: A Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge. 68. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
^ Data Summary: Lago Titicaca (Lake Titicaca). International Lake Environment Committee Foundation - ILEC. Retrieved on 2006-12-02.
^ Roche, M. A., J. Bourges, J. Cortes and R. Mattos 1992 Climatology and Hydrology of the Lake Titicaca Basin. In Lake Titicaca: A Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge, edited by C. Dejoux and A. Iltis, pp. 63-88. Monographiae Biologicae. vol. 68, H. J. Dumont and M. J. A. Werger, general editor. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
^ ^a ^b Cross, S. L., P. A. Baker, G. O. Seltzer, S. C. Fritz and R. B. Dunbar 2001 Late Quaternary Climate and Hydrology of Tropical South America Inferred from an Isotopic and Chemical Model of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru. Quaternary Research 56(1):1-9.
^ Mourguiart, P., T. Corrége, D. Wirrmann, J. Argollo, M. E. Montenegro, M. Pourchet and P. Carbonel 1998 Holocene Palaeohydrology of Lake Titicaca Estimated from an Ostracod-Based Transfer Function. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 143:51-72.
^ Baucom, P. C. and C. A. Rigsby 1999 Climate and Lake Level History of the Northern Altiplano, Bolivia, as Recorded in Holocene Sediments of the Rio Desaguadero. Journal of Sedimentary Research 69(3):597-611.
^ Dejoux, C. and A. Iltis (editors) 1992 Lake Titicaca: A Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge. 68. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
^ Talbi, A., A. Coudrain, P. Ribstein and B. Pouyaud 1999 Computation of the Rainfall of Lake Titicaca Catchment During the Holocene. Géosciences de Surface 329:197-203.
^ Cobo, Bernabé 1990[1653] History of the Inca Empire. University of Texas, Austin.
^ ^a ^b Stanish, Charles, Richard L. Burger, Lisa M. Cipolla, Michael D. Glascock and Esteban Quelima 2002 Evidence for Early Long-Distance Obsidian Exchange and Watercraft Use from the Southern Lake Titicaca Basin of Bolivia and Peru. Latin American Antiquity 13(4):444-454.
^ Ybert, Jean-Pierre 1992 Ancient Lake Environments as Deduced from Pollen Analysis. In Lake Titicaca: A Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge, edited by C. Dejoux and A. Iltis, pp. 49-62. Monographiae Biologicae. vol. 68, H. J. Dumont and M. J. A. Werger, general editor. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
^ Baker, Paul A., Catherine Rigsby, Geoffrey O Seltzer, Sherlyn C. Fritz, Tim K. Lowenstein, Miklas Bacher, P. and Carlos Veliz 2001 Tropical Climate Changes at Millennial and Orbital Timescales on the Bolivian Altiplano. Nature 409(February 8):698-701.
^ Baker, Paul A., Geoffrey O Seltzer, Sherlyn C. Fritz, Robert B. Dunbar, Matthew J. Grove, Pedro M. Tapia, Scott L. Cross, Harold D. Rowe and James P. Broda 2001 The History of South American Tropical Precipitation for the Past 25,000 Years. Science 291:640-643.
^ Reinhard, Johan "Underwater Archaeological Research in Lake Titicaca, Bolivia" in Ancient America: Contributions to New World Archaeology, 1992. N. Saunders (ed.), Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 117-143
^ Box, Ben (August 1998). 1999 South American Handbook. Footprint Handbooks, 292. ISBN 0-8442-4886-X.
^ Box, Ben (August 1998). 1999 South American Handbook. Footprint Handbooks, 297. ISBN 0-8442-4886-X.

is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

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