A lamprey (sometimes also called lamprey eel) is a jawless fish with a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth. While lampreys are well known for those species which bore into the flesh of other fish to suck their blood, these species make up the minority. In zoology, lampreys are often not considered to be true fish because of their vastly different morphology and physiology. Groups Myxinoidea (hagfish) Hyperoartia Petromyzontidae (lampreys) Pteraspidomorphi Thelodonti Anaspida Cephalaspidomorphi Galeaspida Pituriaspida Osteostraci Agnatha (Greek, no jaws) is a superclass of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata. ... An Anopheles stephensi mosquito obtaining a blood meal from a human host through its pointed proboscis. ... Zoology (from Greek: ζῴον, zoion, animal; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ...

Physical description

Basic external anatomy of the lamprey

Mouth of a river lamprey

Lampreys live mostly in coastal and fresh waters, although at least one species, Geotria australis, probably travels significant distances in the open ocean, as evidenced by the lack of reproductive isolation between Australian and New Zealand populations, and the capture of a specimen in the Southern Ocean between Australia and Antarctica. They are found in most temperate regions except Africa. Their larvae have a low tolerance for high water temperatures, which is probably why they are not found in the tropics. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3816x2368, 622 KB) This is an illustration of the general anatomy of a Lamprey and how it holds itself to a fish. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3816x2368, 622 KB) This is an illustration of the general anatomy of a Lamprey and how it holds itself to a fish. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 604 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Boca de lamprea en la Sala Maremagnum del Aquarium Finisterrae (Casa de los Peces), en La Coruña, Galicia, España. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 604 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Boca de lamprea en la Sala Maremagnum del Aquarium Finisterrae (Casa de los Peces), en La Coruña, Galicia, España. ... River Lamprey redirects here. ... For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Larvae are the plural of larva, juvenile form of animals with indirect development. ... A noontime scene from the Philippines on a day when the Sun is almost directly overhead. ...

Outwardly resembling eels, in that they have no scales, an adult lamprey can range anywhere from 13 to 100 centimetres (5 to 40 inches) long. Lampreys have no paired fins, large eyes, one nostril on the top of the head, and seven gills on each side. The unique morphological characteristics of lampreys, such as their cartilaginous skeleton, mean that they are the sister taxon (see cladistics) of all living jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and are not classified within the Vertebrata itself.^{[citation needed]} This is disputed by some, who place lampreys within Vertebrata.^[1] Hagfish, which superficially resemble lampreys, are the sister taxon of the lampreys and gnathostomes (a clade termed the Craniata).^{[citation needed]} For other uses, see Eel (disambiguation). ... In this SEM image of a butterfly wing the scales are clearly visible, and the tiny platelets on each individual scale are just barely visible in the striping. ... Fish anatomy is primarily governed by the physical characteristics of water, which is much denser than air, holds a relatively small amount of dissolved oxygen, and absorbs light more than air does. ... For other uses, see Gill (disambiguation). ... Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. ... For other uses, see Skeleton (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Clade be merged into this article or section. ... Subgroups Class Placodermi Superclass Chondrichthyes Microphylum Teleostomi Class Acanthodii Class Actinopterygii Parvophylum Tetrapodiiformes Class Sarcopterygii Nanophylum Tetrapoda Class Amphibia (Unranked) Amniota Class Sauropsida Class Aves Class Synapsida Class Mammalia Gnathostomata is the group of vertebrates with jaws. ... Genera Eptatretus Myxine Nemamyxine Neomyxine Notomyxine Paramyxine Quadratus This article is about the Hagfish. ... Classes Hyperotreti Vertebrata Craniata is a type of chordate animal group that contains vertebrates (vertebrata) and hagfish (Hyperotreti). ...

Studies reported in Nature suggest that lampreys have a unique type of immune system with parts that are unrelated to the antibodies found in mammals. They also have a very high tolerance to iron overload, and have biochemical defenses to detoxify this metal. Nature is a prominent scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869. ... A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange). ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria Mammals (class Mammalia) are warm-blooded, vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of sweat glands, including milk producing sweat glands, and by the presence of: hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex... General Name, symbol, number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ... This article is about metallic materials. ...

Life cycle

Lampreys begin life as burrowing freshwater larvae (ammocoetes). At this stage, they are toothless, have rudimentary eyes, and feed on microorganisms. This larval stage can last five to seven years and so was originally thought to be an independent organism. They transform into adults in a metamorphosis which is at least as radical as that seen in amphibians. It involves a radical rearrangement of internal organs, development of eyes and transformation from a mud-dwelling filter feeder into an efficient swimming parasite/predator that typically moves to the sea. The adult feeds by attaching its mouth to a fish, secreting an anticoagulant to the host, and feeding on the blood and tissues of the host. In most species this phase lasts about 18 months. A larval insect A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ... For other uses, see Eye (disambiguation). ... A cluster of Escherichia coli bacteria magnified 10,000 times. ... Domains and Kingdoms Nanobes Acytota Cytota Bacteria Neomura Archaea Eukaryota Bikonta Apusozoa Rhizaria Excavata Archaeplastida Rhodophyta Glaucophyta Plantae Heterokontophyta Haptophyta Cryptophyta Alveolata Unikonta Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Choanozoa Fungi Animalia An ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Life on Earth redirects here. ... ‹ The template below (Citations missing) is being considered for deletion. ... In biology, an organ is a group of tissues which perform some function. ... A parasite is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life in or on the living tissue of a host organism and which causes harm to the host without immediately killing it. ... This snapping turtle is trying to make a meal of a Canada goose, but the goose is too wary. ... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ... An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting. ... For other uses, see Blood (disambiguation). ...

Some lampreys are landlocked and remain in fresh water, and some of these stop feeding when they leave the larval stage. The landlocked species are usually rather small.

To reproduce, lampreys return to fresh water, build a nest, spawn (that is, females lay eggs, males excrete semen), then invariably die. In Geotria australis, the time from ceasing to feed at sea to spawning can be up to 18 months. Frog spawn Spawning is the production or depositing of eggs in large numbers by aquatic animals. ...

Fossils

Lamprey fossils are rare because cartilage does not fossilize as readily as bone. Until 2006, the oldest known fossil lampreys were from Early Carboniferous limestones,^[2] laid down in marine sediments in North America: Mayomyzon pieckoensis and Hardistiella montanensis. For other uses, see Fossil (disambiguation). ... Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. ... This article is about the skeletal organs. ... President Bush- Deres gold in dem dere mines The Carboniferous is a major division of the geologic timescale that extends from the end of the Devonian period, about 359. ...

In the 22 June 2006 issue of Nature, Mee-mann Chang and colleagues reported on a fossil lamprey from the same Early Cretaceous lagerstätten that have yielded feathered dinosaurs, in the Yixian Formation of Inner Mongolia. The new species, morphologically similar to Carboniferous and modern forms, was given the name Mesomyzon mengae ("Middle lamprey"). The exceedingly well-preserved fossil showed a well-developed sucking oral disk, a relatively long branchial apparatus showing branchial basket, seven gill pouches, gill arches and even the impressions of gill filaments, and about 80 myomeres of its musculature. // The Cretaceous Period (pronounced ) is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ... Lagerstätten (German; singular Lagerstätte; literally place of storage, resting place) are sedimentary deposits that exhibit extraordinary fossil richness or completeness. ... Sinornithosaurus by Jim Robins Feathered dinosaurs are regarded by many paleontologists as the missing link between birds and dinosaurs. ... The Yixian Formation is a geological formation in Liaoning, Peoples Republic of China, that stems from the early Cretaceous period. ... Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠨᠺᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠺᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ r Mongghul-un bertegen Jasaqu Orun; Chinese: 内蒙古自治区; Hanyu Pinyin: N i Měnggǔ Z qū) is an Autonomous Region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Myomere are the zig-zag W or V-shaped muscle fibers found commonly in fish and chordate fossils. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle is the contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ...

Months later, in the 27 October issue of Nature, an even older fossil lamprey, dated 360 million years ago, was reported from Witteberg Group rocks near Grahamstown, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. This species, dubbed Priscomyzon riniensis still strongly resembled modern lampreys despite its Devonian age.[1] For the Celtic language, see Southwestern Brythonic language; for the residents of the English county, see Devon. ...

Taxonomy

The taxonomy presented here is that given by Fisher, 1994. This work classifies lampreys as the sole living members of the class Cephalaspidomorphi.^[3] The lampreys entail the single order Petromyzontiformes and family Petromyzontidae.^[4] subgroups Osteostraci Galeaspida Pituriaspida Anaspida Hyperoartia (lampreys) Cephalaspidomorphs are a taxon of jawless fishes named for the cephalaspids, which is another name for the osteostracans. ...

Within this family, there are 40 recorded species in nine genera and three subfamilies: For other uses, see Species (disambiguation). ...

• Subfamily Geotriinae
  • Genus Geotria
    • Pouched lamprey, Geotria australis (Gray,1851)
• Subfamily Mordaciinae
  • Genus Mordacia
    • Mordacia lapicida (Gray, 1851)
    • Mordacia mordax (Richardson, 1846)
    • Mordacia praecox (Potter, 1968)
• Subfamily Petromyzontinae
  • Genus Caspiomyzon
    • Caspiomyzon wagneri (Kessler, 1870)
  • Genus Eudontomyzon
    • Eudontomyzon danfordi (Regan, 1911)
    • Eudontomyzon hellenicus (Vladykov, Renaud, Kott and Economidis, 1982)
    • Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg, 1931)
    • Eudontomyzon morii (Berg, 1931)
    • Eudontomyzon stankokaramani (Karaman, 1974)
    • Eudontomyzon vladykovi (Oliva and Zanandrea, 1959)
  • Genus Ichthyomyzon
    • Ichthyomyzon bdellium (Jordan, 1885) - Ohio lamprey
    • Ichthyomyzon castaneus Girard, 1858 - chestnut lamprey
    • Ichthyomyzon fossor (Reighard and Cummins, 1916) - northern brook lamprey
    • Ichthyomyzon gagei (Hubbs and Trautman, 1937) - southern brook lamprey
    • Ichthyomyzon greeleyi (Hubbs and Trautman, 1937) - mountain brook lamprey
    • Ichthyomyzon unicuspis (Hubbs and Trautman, 1937) - silver lamprey
  • Genus Lampetra
    • Lampetra aepyptera (Abbott, 1860) - least brook lamprey
    • Lampetra alaskensis (Vladykov and Kott, 1978)
    • Lampetra appendix (DeKay, 1842) - American brook lamprey
    • Lampetra ayresii (Günther, 1870)
    • Lampetra fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
    • Lampetra hubbsi (Vladykov and Kott, 1976) - Kern brook lamprey
    • Lampetra lamottei (Lesueur, 1827)
    • Lampetra lanceolata (Kux and Steiner, 1972)
    • Lampetra lethophaga (Hubbs, 1971) - Pit-Klamath brook lamprey
    • Lampetra macrostoma (Beamish, 1982) - Vancouver lamprey
    • Lampetra minima (Bond and Kan, 1973) - Miller Lake lamprey
    • Lampetra planeri (Bloch, 1784)
    • Lampetra richardsoni (Vladykov and Follett, 1965) - western brook lamprey
    • Lampetra similis (Vladykov and Kott, 1979) - Klamath lamprey
    • Lampetra tridentata (Richardson, 1836) - Pacific lamprey
  • Genus Lethenteron
    • Lethenteron camtschaticum (Tilesius, 1811)
    • Lethenteron japonicum (Martens, 1868)
    • Lethenteron kessleri (Anikin, 1905)
    • Lethenteron matsubarai (Vladykov and Kott, 1978)
    • Lethenteron reissneri (Dybowski, 1869)
    • Lethenteron zanandreai (Vladykov, 1955)
  • Genus Petromyzon
    • Petromyzon marinus (Linnaeus, 1758) - sea lamprey
  • Genus Tetrapleurodon
    • Tetrapleurodon geminis (Alvarez, 1964)
    • Tetrapleurodon spadiceus (Bean, 1887)

Some taxonomists place lampreys and hagfish in the phylum Chordata under the super-class Agnathostomata (without jaws). The other super-class of the phylum is Gnathostomata (jaw-having) and includes the classes Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptila, Aves, and Mammalia. Binomial name Geotria australis Gray, 1851 The Pouched Lamprey (Geotria australis), also known as Wide-mouthed Lamprey, is a species of Lamprey that occurs throughout much of the southern hemisphere. ... Binomial name Geotria australis Gray, 1851 The Pouched Lamprey (Geotria australis), also known as Wide-mouthed Lamprey, is a species of Lamprey that occurs throughout much of the southern hemisphere. ... Binomial name Geotria australis Gray, 1851 The pouched lamprey, Geotria australis, also known as wide-mouthed lamprey, is the only species in genus Geotria, which is in turn the only genus in the Geotriinae subfamily of family Petromyzontidae. ... Binomial name Geotria australis Gray, 1851 The Pouched Lamprey (Geotria australis), also known as Wide-mouthed Lamprey, is a species of Lamprey that occurs throughout much of the southern hemisphere. ... Species Mordacia lapicida (Gray, 1851) Mordacia mordax (Richardson, 1846) Mordacia praecox (Potter, 1968) Mordacia is the sole genus of the subfamily Mordacinae of the family Petromyzontidae. ... Species Mordacia lapicida (Gray, 1851) Mordacia mordax (Richardson, 1846) Mordacia praecox (Potter, 1968) Mordacia is the sole genus of the subfamily Mordacinae of the family Petromyzontidae. ... Binomial name Mordacia mordax Richardson, 1846 The Short-headed Lamprey (Mordacia mordax), also known as the Australian Lamprey and the Murray Lamprey, is a species of Lamprey that occurs in south-eastern Australia. ... Binomial name Potter, 1968 Mordacia praecox, the non-parasitic lamprey, is a freshwater species of lamprey that occurs in south-eastern Australia. ... Binomial name Vladykov, Renaud, Kott & Economidis, 1982 The greek lamprey (Eudontomyzon hellenicus) is a species of fish in the Petromyzontidae family. ... Binomial name Ichthyomyzon castaneus Girard, 1858 The chestnut lamprey is a species of lamprey. ... Binomial name Ichthyomyzon gagei Hubbs and Trautman, 1937 The Southern Brook Lmprey or Ichthyomyzon gagei is a lamprey found in the southern United States including Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. ... Binomial name Ichthyomyzon greeleyi Hubbs and Trautman, 1937 Ichthyomyzon greeleyi or the Mountain Brook Lamprey is a lamprey found in parts of the Mississippi river basin, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and in the Cumberland River and Tennessee river. ... Binomial name Ichthyomyzon unicuspis Hubbs and Trautman, 1937 Ichthyomyzon unicuspis or the Silver Lamprey is a lamprey found commonly in the Noth-central United States and a large part of southern Canada its binomial name means fish to suck in Greek and one Point in Latin. ... The American brook lamprey (Lampetra appendix) is an endangered lamprey. ... River Lamprey redirects here. ... Binomial name Lampetra planeri Bloch, 1784 The Brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri, also known as the European brook lamprey and the Western brook lamprey) is a jawless fish found in the European part of the Atlantic Ocean, the northwest Mediterranean, and on the European continent. ... Binomial name Lampetra tridentata (Richardson, 1836) The Pacific lamprey, Lampetra tridentata, also known as three tooth lamprey and tridentate lamprey, lives along the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. ... Binomial name Lethenteron japonicum von Martens, 1868 Arctic Lamprey (Lethenteron japonicum, formerly Lampetra japonica) is a freshwater species of Lamprey that inhabits the Arctic. ... Binomial name (Vladykov, 1955) The Lombardy lamprey (Lethenteron zanandreai) is a species of fish in the Petromyzontidae family. ... Subfamilies Geotriinae Mordaciinae Petromyzontinae A lamprey (sometimes also called lamprey eel) is a jawless fish with a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth, with which most species bore into the flesh of other fish to suck their blood. ... Binomial name Petromyzon marinus (Linnaeus, 1758) The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a parasitic lamprey found on the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America, in the western Mediterranean Sea, and in the Great Lakes. ... For other uses, see phyla. ... Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicates Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with... Classes Placodermi Chondrichthyes Acanthodii Osteichthyes Gnathostomata is the group of vertebrates with jaws. ... Subclasses and Orders See text. ... Classes Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii Osteichthyes are a taxonomic superclass of fish, also called bony fish that includes the ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) and lobe finned fish (Sarcopterygii). ... For other uses, see Amphibian (disambiguation). ... For other meanings of bird, see bird (disambiguation). ... Orders Subclass Monotremata Monotremata Subclass Marsupialia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Subclass Placentalia Xenarthra Dermoptera Desmostylia Scandentia Primates Rodentia Lagomorpha Insectivora Chiroptera Pholidota Carnivora Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Cetacea Afrosoricida Macroscelidea Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea Sirenia The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals primarily characterized by the presence of mammary...

Relation to humans

Uses

Lampreys have long been used as food for humans. During the Middle Ages, they were widely eaten by the upper classes throughout Europe, especially during fasting periods, since their taste is much meatier than that of most true fish. King Henry I of England is said to have died from eating "a surfeit of lampreys" ^[5]. On 4th March 1953 the Queen was made a coronation pie using lampreys by the Royal Air Force. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Peasants threshing siligo, a type of wheat. ... Upper class is a concept in sociology that refers to the group of people at the top of a social hierarchy. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Fasting is primarily the act of willingly abstaining from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time. ... Henry I (c. ...

Especially in southwestern Europe (Portugal, Spain, France), they are still a highly prized delicacy. Overfishing has reduced their number in those parts. Lampreys are also consumed in Sweden, Finland, the Baltic countries, and South Korea. This is a List of delicacies. ... The three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania The terms Baltic countries, Baltic Sea countries, Baltic states, and Balticum refer to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea. ...

In Britain, lampreys are commonly used as bait, normally as dead bait. Pike, perch and chub all can be caught on lampreys. Lampreys can be bought frozen from most bait and tackle shops. Bait is any substance used to attract prey, e. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 The northern pike (known as the pike in Britain), Esox lucius, is a species of carnivorous fish of the genus Esox (the pikes). ... Binomial name Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 The European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is a species of perch found in Europe and Asia. ... This article describes the European chub, Leuciscus (Squalius) cephalus. ... Fishing tackle refers to the equipment and gear used when engaing in the pursuit of fish for sport and commercial value. ...

Lampreys are used as a model organism in biomedical research where their large reticulospinal axons are used to investigate synaptic transmission ^[6]. The axons of lamprey are particularly large and allow for microinjection of substances for experimental manipulation. A model organism is a species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. ... An axon or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neurons cell body or soma. ... Illustration of the major elements in a prototypical synapse. ... Microinjection refers to the process of using a micro needle to insert substances at a microscopic or borderline macroscopic level into a single living cell. ...

As pests

Lampreys attached to a lake trout

On the other hand, sea lampreys have become a major plague in the North American Great Lakes after artificial canals allowed their entry during the early 20th century. They are considered an invasive species, have no natural enemies in the lakes and prey on many species of commercial value, such as lake trout. Since the majority of North American consumers, unlike Europeans, refuse to accept lampreys as food, the Great Lakes fishery has been adversely affected by their invasion. Lampreys are now fought mostly in the streams that feed the lakes, with special barriers to prevent the upstream movement of adults, or by the application of toxicants called lampricides, which are harmless to most other aquatic species. However those programs are complicated and expensive, and do not eradicate the lampreys from the lakes but merely keep them in check. New programs are being developed including the use of chemically sterilized male lamprey in a method akin to the sterile insect technique. Research is currently under way on the use of pheromones and how they may be used to disrupt the life cycle (Sorensen, et al., 2005). Control of sea lampreys in the Great Lakes is conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans. The work is coordinated by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... For the band, see Lake Trout (band). ... Larval form of some beetle is damaging specimen of Sceliphron destillatorius in entomogical collection. ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ... Categories: Water-transport stubs | Canals | Water transport ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Lantana invasion of abandoned citrus plantation; Moshav Sdey Hemed, Israel The term invasive species refers to a subset of introduced species or non-indigenous species that are rapidly expanding outside of their native range. ... For the band, see Lake Trout (band). ... Butchers Creek, Omeo, Victoria A stream, brook, beck, burn or creek, is a body of water with a detectable current, confined within a bed and banks. ... Lampricide is a chemical which is designed to target the larvae of Lampreys in river systems before their recruitment as parasitic adults. ... Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a man or a woman to contribute to conception. ... El Salvador successfully demonstrated the sterile insect technique by eliminating a malaria-causing mosquito from a region for a period of time. ... Fanning honeybee exposes Nasonov gland (white-at tip of abdomen) releasing pheromone to entice swarm into an empty hive A pheromone is any chemical produced by a living organism that transmits a message to other members of the same species. ... Subfamilies Geotriinae Mordaciinae Petromyzontinae A lamprey is a type of fish with a toothed, funnel-like, jawless sucking mouth, with which most species bore into the flesh of other fishes to suck their blood. ... The USFWS logo The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is a unit of the United States Department of the Interior that is dedicated to managing and preserving wildlife. ... The Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), also referred to as Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Pêches et Océans Canada), is the department within the government of Canada with responsibility for the management and safety of waters under federal jurisdiction. ...

Lake Champlain, bordered by New York State, Vermont, and Quebec, and New York's Finger Lakes are also home to populations of sea lampreys whose high populations have also warranted control. Lake Champlain's lamprey control program is managed by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, the Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. New York's Finger Lakes sea lamprey control program is managed solely by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Landsat photo Lake Champlain (French: lac Champlain) is a large lake in North America, mostly within the borders of the United States (states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the US-Canada border in the province of Quebec. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... The Finger Lakes, a major tourist destination in the west-central section of Upstate New York, are actually eleven in number, but only seven of the largest are commonly identified as such. ...

In literature

Vedius Pollio was punished by Augustus for attempting to feed a clumsy slave to the lampreys in his fishpond. Publius Vedius Pollio (d. ... For other persons named Octavian, see Octavian (disambiguation). ... Wiktionary has related dictionary definitions, such as: slave Slave may refer to: Slavery, where people are owned by others, and live to serve their owners without pay Slave (BDSM), a form of sexual and consenual submission Slave clock, in technology, a clock or timer that synchrnonizes to a master clock... Fishponds (see water garden) Fishpond is also a term for harmless & humorous taunt, typically a one-liner, which is given to any individual during a group game. ...

...one of his slaves had broken a crystal cup. Vedius ordered him to be seized and to be put to death in an unusual way. He ordered him to be thrown to the huge lampreys which he had in his fish pond. Who would not think he did this for display? Yet it was out of cruelty. The boy slipped from the captor’s hands and fled to Caesar’s feet asking nothing else other than a different way to die—he did not want to be eaten. Caesar was moved by the novelty of the cruelty and ordered him to be released, all the crystal cups to be broken before his eyes, and the fish pond to be filled in... – Seneca, On Anger, III, 40 [2]

Christopher Warner, a character in Philip Larkin's early novel Jill is said to have attended a fictional minor public school called Lamprey College. Bust, traditionally thought to be Seneca, now identified by some as Hesiod. ... Philip Arthur Larkin, CH, CBE, FRSL, (9 August 1922 – 2 December 1985) was an English poet, novelist and jazz critic. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...

Lamprey pies are an appreciated dish often referred in George R.R. Martin's popular fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire. George R. R. Martin, circa 1986 George Raymond Richard Martin (born September 20, 1948 in Bayonne, New Jersey) is an American writer of science fiction and fantasy, and also a screenwriter and producer. ... A Song of Ice and Fire is an award-winning series of epic fantasy novels by American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin. ...

Notes

1. ^ Liem, Karel F.; William E. Bemis, Warren F. Walker, Jr., Lance Grande (2001). Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates. The United States of America: Thomson: Brooks/Cole, 50. ISBN 0-03-022369-5. 
2. ^ From the Mississippian Mazon Creek lagerstätte and the Bear Gulch Limestone sequence.
3. ^ Cephalaspidomorpha is sometimes given as a subclass of the Cephalaspidomorphi.
4. ^ Petromyzoniformes and Petromyzonidae are sometimes used as alternative spellings for Petromyzontiformes and Petromyzontidae respectively.
5. ^ Science News Online - Food for Thought - 8/10/96
6. ^ Giant reticulospinal synapse in lamprey: molecular links between active and periactive zones., Brodin L. et al., Cell Tissue Res. 2006

The Mississippian was an epoch of the Carboniferous period lasting from roughly 360 Ma to 325 Ma (million years ago). ... The Mazon Creek fossils are conservation lagerstätten found near Chicago, Illinois. ... The Bear Gulch Limestone in Montana is a fossiliferous lagerstätte, a limestone layer laid down in the Mississippian epoch of the Carboniferous period, about 318 mya. ...

References

• Mee-mann Chang et al. (2006). "A lamprey from the Cretaceous Jehol biota of China". Nature 441: 972-974 (22 June 2006). 
• Sorensen, P; Fine, J; Dvornikovs, V; Jeffrey, C; Shao, F; Wang, J; Vrieze, L; Anderson, K; Hoye, T. (2005). Mixture of new sulfated steroids functions as a migratory pheromone in the sea lamprey. Nature Chemical Biology 1 (November): 324-328. 
• Fisher (1994). Fishes of the World, Third Edition. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-54713-1. 
• Gess, Robert W.; Coates, Michael I.; Rubidge, Bruce S. (2006). A lamprey from the Devonian period of South Africa. Nature 443: 981-984. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Lamprey

Wikispecies has information related to:

Petromyzontidae

Wikibooks' Dichotomous Key has more about this subject:

Petromyzonidae

• ITIS report on the lampreys
• "Lamprey conservation"
• A Tree of Life diagram showing the relation of Lampreys to other organisms
• Lampreys as food, including recipes
• Lamprey skeletons
• "Scientists from South Africa discover world's oldest fish fossil" News report on 27 October 2006 Nature article.
• Alok Jha, Perfect lampreys show little change in 125m years The Guardian (22 June 2006)
• Scientists find lamprey a 'living fossil'