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Lapita is the common name of an ancient Pacific Ocean culture which is believed by some to be the common ancestor of several cultures in Polynesia and surrounding areas. The type site in New Caledonia was discovered in 1952. The word Lapita itself is not a place name. A word in a local New Caledonian language, xaapeta, meaning 'dig a hole', was misheard as, and became, lapita. In archaeology, culture refers to either of two separate but allied concepts: An archaeological culture is a pattern of similar artefacts and features found within a specific area over a limited period of time. ...
Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 This article is about the wider region in the Pacific. ...
In archaeology a type site (also known as a type-site or typesite) is a site that is considered the model of a particular archaeological culture. ...
1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Dating Classic Lapita pottery was produced between 1350 and 750 BC in the Bismarck Archipelago. A late variety might have been produced there up to 250 BC. Local styles of Lapita pottery are found in Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Pottery persisted in Fiji, whereas it disappeared completely in other areas of Melanesia and in Siassi. Centuries: 15th century BC - 14th century BC - 13th century BC Decades: 1400s BC 1390s BC 1380s BC 1370s BC 1360s BC - 1350s BC - 1340s BC 1330s BC 1320s BC 1310s BC 1300s BC Events and Trends Significant People 1350 BC - Pharaoh Amenhotep IV Akhenaton rises to the throne of Egypt. ...
Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 800s BC 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC - 750s BC - 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC 700s BC Events and Trends 756 BC - Founding of Cyzicus. ...
The Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean, named in honour of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck and belonging to Papua New Guinea. ...
Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC - 250s BC - 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC Years: 255 BC 254 BC 253 BC 252 BC 251 BC - 250 BC - 249 BC 248 BC...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
In Western Polynesia, the Lapita culture is found from 800 BC onwards. The colonisation spread from the Fiji-Samoa-Tonga area to Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand. However, no pottery was carried further into Polynesia. Centuries: 10th century BC - 9th century BC - 8th century BC Decades: 850s BC 840s BC 830s BC 820s BC 810s BC - 800s BC - 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC 750s BC Events and Trends 804 BC - Hadad-nirari IV of Assyria conquers Damascus. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
motto: ( Rapa Nui ) Also called Te Pito O Te Henua (Ombligo del mundo) (Navel of the world) Discovered by Europeans April 5, 1722 by Jakob Roggeveen Capital Hanga Roa Area - City Proper 163,6 km² Population - City (2005) - Density (city proper) 3. ...
Material culture The low-fired earthenware pottery, often tempered with shell or sand, is typically decorated with a dentate (toothed) stamp, and it has been theorised that these decorations may have been transferred to or from less hardy mediums like tapa (bark cloth), mats or tattoos. Undecorated "plainware" pottery is an important part of the Lapita cultural complex, which also includes ground stone adzes and shell artefacts, and flaked stone tools of obsidian, chert and other available rock. Adze The tool known as the adze [pronounced adds] serves for smoothing rough-cut wood in hand woodworking. ...
I archaeology, an artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological endeavor. ...
Economy Domesticates consisted of pigs, dogs and chickens. Horticulture was based on root and tree crops, most importantly taro and yam, coconuts, bananas and breadfruit varieties. This was supplemented by fishing and mollusc gathering. Long distance trade of obsidian, adzes and favourable adze source rock and shells was practiced. Species Sus barbatus Sus bucculentus Sus cebifrons Sus celebensis Sus domesticus Sus heureni Sus philippensis Sus salvanius Sus scrofa Sus timoriensis Sus verrucosus Pigs are ungulates native to Eurasia collectively grouped under the genus Sus within the Suidae family. ...
Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. ...
Trinomial name Gallus gallus domesticus A chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a type of domesticated bird which is often raised as a type of poultry. ...
The Latin words hortus (garden plant) and cultura (culture) together form horticulture, classically defined as the culture or growing of garden plants. ...
Agriculture (a term which encompasses farming) is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals. ...
Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. ...
Classes Caudofoveata Aplacophora Polyplacophora - Chitons Monoplacophora Bivalvia - Bivalves Scaphopoda - Tusk shells Gastropoda - Snails and Slugs Cephalopoda - Squids, Octopuses, etc. ...
Obsidian from Lake County, Oregon Top stone is obsidian, below that is pumice and in lower right hand is rhyolite (light color) Obsidian is a type of naturally occurring glass, produced by volcanoes (igneous origin) when a felsic lava cools rapidly and freezes without sufficient time for crystal growth (see...
Burial customs Excavation of a large cemetery on Efate Island in Vanuatu discovered in 2003, found 36 bodies in 25 graves, as well as burial jars. All skeletons were headless with the heads removed after burial and replaced with rings made from cone shell. The heads were reburied. One burial of an elderly man had three skulls lined up on his chest. One burial jar featured four birds looking into the jar. Carbon dating of the shells placed this cemetery at about 1000 B.C.[1] Éfaté, neighbouring islands and main centres Location of Éfaté within Vanuatu Located at 16. ...
Settlements In the west, villages were located on small offshore islands or the beaches of larger islands. This may have been to avoid areas already settled ie coastal New Guinea, or malaria-carrying mosquitoes for which Lapita people had no immune defence. Some houses were built on stilts over larger lagoons. In New Britain, settlements are found inland as well, near the obsidian sources. In the eastern archipelago, all settlements are located on land, sometimes some distance inland. (This article is about the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea. ...
Distribution Lapita pottery is known from the Bismarck archipelago to Samoa and Tonga. The domesticates spread into further Oceania as well. Humans, their domesticates, and species that were introduced involuntarily (perhaps as the Polynesian Rat was) led to extinctions of endemic species on many islands, especially of flightless birds. Binomial name Rattus exulans (Peale, 1848) The Polynesian Rat or Pacific Rat (Rattus exulans), known to the Maori as Kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the Brown Rat and Black Rat. ...
In biology and ecology endemic means exclusively native to a place or biota, in contrast to cosmopolitan or introduced. ...
Flightless birds evolved from flying ancestors; there are about forty species in existence today. ...
Language The 'Lapita people' are supposed to have spoken proto-Oceanic, a precursor of the Oceanic branch of Austronesian. It is, however, difficult to link non-literate material culture to languages, and it can not be verified by independent sources. The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific ( with a few members spoken on continental Asia). ...
In archaeology, culture refers to either of two separate but allied concepts: An archaeological culture is a pattern of similar artefacts and features found within a specific area over a limited period of time. ...
Origin A Southeast Asian origin of the Lapita complex is assumed by most scholars, perhaps originating from the Austronesians in Taiwan or southern China some 10,000 years ago. Intrepid explorers sailing out into the East, the 'Vikings of the sunrise' (Buck 1938), were proposed as spreading civilisation to the furthest reaches of the globe. Burial pottery similar to "red slip" pottery of Taiwan seems to lend support to this theory.[1] Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...
The Austronesian people are a population group in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke one of the Austronesian languages. ...
For other uses, see Civilization (disambiguation). ...
P. Bellwood sees the neolithic dispersal as driven by a rapid population growth in east and southeast Asia (Formosa). The model is called 'the express-train to Polynesia'. Direct links between Lapita and mainland Southeast Asia are still missing, due to a lack of data in Indonesia and Malaysia. World map showing the location of Asia. ...
The terrain of Taiwan is mostly mountainous in the east but gradually changes to gently sloping plains in the west. ...
Other scholars like J. Allen located the origin of the Lapita complex in the Bismarck Archipelago that was first colonised 30,000-35,000 BC. Others, like Green propose a combination of intrusion, innovation and integration (the triple I-model). Others see obsidian trade as the motor of the spread of Lapita-elements in the western distribution area.
References - ^ a b Graves of the Pacific's First Seafarers Revealed, Richard Stone, Science Magazine, 21 April 2006: Vol. 312. no. 5772, p. 360 [1]
Sources - J. Allen, In Search of the Lapita Homeland: Reconstructing the Prehistory of the Bismarck Archipelago, Journal of Pacific History 19/4, 1984, 186-187.
- P. Bellwood, Man's conquest of the Pacific (London, Collis 1978).
- G. Clark/A. Anderson/T. Vunidilo, The archaeology of Lapita dispersal in Oceania: papers from the 4th Lapita conference, June 2000 (Canberra, Pandanus Books), 15-23.
- Glenn R Summerhayes, Far Western, Western and Eastern Lapita: A re-evaluation. Asian Perspectives 39/1-2, 2000, 109-138.
- K. Chino, Lapita Pottery — Ties in the South Pacific: Wave Of Pacifika Vol. 8 2002, Sasakawa Pacific Island Nations Fund (SPINF), Tokyo, Japan (http://www.spf.org/spinf/news/pdf/wop8.pdf)
- A. Noury, Le reflet de l'ame Lapita, Noury Ed., Paris, ISBN 2-9524455-0-8
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