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Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin in 1969. From left to right: John Bonham, Robert Plant, Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones.
Background information
Origin	London, England
Genre(s)	Hard rock, heavy metal, blues-rock, folk rock
Years active	1968–1980 (one-off reunions: 1985, 1988, 1995, 2007)
Label(s)	Atlantic, Swan Song
Associated acts	The Yardbirds The Firm Band of Joy Coverdale-Page Page and Plant The Honeydrippers
Website	ledzeppelin.com
Former members
Jimmy Page John Paul Jones Robert Plant John Bonham

Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in 1968 by Jimmy Page (guitar), Robert Plant (vocals), John Paul Jones (bass guitar, keyboards) and John Bonham (drums). With their heavy, guitar-driven sound, Led Zeppelin are regarded as one of the first heavy metal bands.^[1][2] However, the band's individualistic style draws from many sources and transcends any one genre.^[3] Their rock-infused interpretation of the blues and folk genres^[4] also incorporated rockabilly,^[5] reggae,^[6] soul,^[7] funk,^[8] classical, Celtic, Indian, Arabic, pop, Latin and country. The band did not release the popular songs from their albums as singles in the UK, as they preferred to develop the concept of album-oriented rock.^[9] Led Zeppelin is the eponymous debut album of English hard rock band, Led Zeppelin. ... Led Zeppelin, released on 7 September 1990, is a boxed set of Led Zeppelins hits, on 4 compact discs. ... Led Zeppelin is a double DVD set by the English rock band Led Zeppelin. ... Image File history File links Gnome-speakernotes. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hard Rock redirects here. ... Heavy metal redirects here. ... Blues Rock or Blues-rock is a fusion genre of music which combines elements of the blues with rock and roll. ... Bob Dylans folk-rock album, Blonde on Blonde Folk-rock is a musical genre, combining elements of folk music and rock music. ... In the music industry, a record label can be a brand and a trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. ... Atlantic Records (Atlantic Recording Corporation) is an American record label, and operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Music Group. ... Swan Song Records was a record label launched by Led Zeppelin on May 10, 1974. ... Not to be confused with Yard Birds. ... For the hip hop group, see Nas, Foxy Brown, AZ, and Nature Present The Firm: The Album. ... Band Of Joy were a 1960s rock band from Birmingham, England. ... Coverdale Page is an album by Jimmy Page and Whitesnake singer David Coverdale, released by Geffen Records on March 27, 1993. ... Page and Plant is the name that Jimmy Page and Robert Plant, both formerly of Led Zeppelin, recorded and toured under in the mid-1990s. ... The Honeydrippers were an English rock band of the 1980s. ... For the Scottish football (soccer) player, see Jimmy Page (footballer). ... John Paul Jones (born John Baldwin on January 3, 1946 in Sidcup, Kent) is an English multi-instrumentalist musician, and was known for being the bassist, the keyboardist and the mandolinist for rock band Led Zeppelin from its inception until the bands breakup following the death of John Bonham... Robert Anthony Plant (born August 20, 1948, West Bromwich, West Midlands, England), is an English rock singer and songwriter, famous for his membership in the rock band Led Zeppelin as the lead vocalist, as well as for his successful solo career. ... John Henry Bonzo Bonham (May 31, 1948 – September 25, 1980) was an English drummer and member of the band Led Zeppelin. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the genre. ... For the Scottish football (soccer) player, see Jimmy Page (footballer). ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... Robert Anthony Plant (born August 20, 1948, West Bromwich, West Midlands, England), is an English rock singer and songwriter, famous for his membership in the rock band Led Zeppelin as the lead vocalist, as well as for his successful solo career. ... In music a singer or vocalist is a type of musician who sings, i. ... John Paul Jones (born John Baldwin on January 3, 1946 in Sidcup, Kent) is an English multi-instrumentalist musician, and was known for being the bassist, the keyboardist and the mandolinist for rock band Led Zeppelin from its inception until the bands breakup following the death of John Bonham... A sunburst-colored Fender Precision Bass The electric bass guitar (or electric bass[1][2]; pronounced , as in base) is a bass stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers (either by plucking, slapping, popping, or tapping) or using a pick. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... John Henry Bonzo Bonham (May 31, 1948 – September 25, 1980) was an English drummer and member of the band Led Zeppelin. ... A drum kit (or drum set or trap set) is a collection of drums, cymbals and sometimes other percussion instruments, such as a cowbell, wood block, chimes or tambourines, arranged for convenient playing by a single drummer. ... Heavy metal redirects here. ... Blues music redirects here. ... Folk song redirects here. ... Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, and emerged in the early-1950s. ... Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. ... For other uses, see Soul music (disambiguation). ... For other uses, including related musical genres, see Funk (disambiguation). ... This article is about Western art music from 1000 AD to the present. ... Celtic music is a term utilized by artists, record companies, music stores and music magazines to describe a broad grouping of musical genres that evolved out of the folk musical traditions of the Celtic peoples of Northern Europe. ... Arabic music includes several genres and styles of music ranging from Arab classical to Arabic pop music and from secular to sacred music. ... This article is about the genre of popular music. ... Latin American music, sometimes simply called Latin music in The United States, includes the music of all countries in Latin America and comes in many varieties. ... Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. ... Album-oriented rock (sometimes referred to as adult-oriented rock), abbreviated AOR and originally called album-oriented radio, was originally an American FM radio format focusing on album tracks by rock artists. ...

Close to 30 years after disbanding following Bonham's death in 1980, the band continues to be held in high regard for their artistic achievements, commercial success and broad influence. The band have sold more than 300 million albums worldwide,^{[10][11][12][13][14]} including 111.5 million sales in the United States^[15] and they have had all of their original studio albums reach the U.S. Billboard Top 10.^[16] Led Zeppelin are ranked No. 1 on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock.^[17] Rolling Stone magazine has described Led Zeppelin as "the heaviest band of all time" and "the biggest band of the 70s".^[18] It has been suggested that Billboard be merged into this article or section. ... VH1 (VH-1: Video Hits One until 1994 and VH1: Music First until 2003) is an American digital television channel that was created in January 1985 by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, at the time a division of Warner Communications and owners of MTV. VH1 and sister channel MTV are currently... This article is about the music magazine. ...

On 10 December 2007 the surviving members of Led Zeppelin reunited (along with deceased drummer John Bonham's son Jason) for the Ahmet Ertegün Tribute Concert at The O₂ in London. is the 344th day of the year (345th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Jason Bonham (born July 13, 1966) is an English drummer and son of legendary Led Zeppelin drummer John Bonham. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Millennium Dome. ...

History

The New Yardbirds (1966-1968)

The beginnings of Led Zeppelin can be traced back to the English blues-influenced rock band The Yardbirds.^[19] Jimmy Page joined The Yardbirds in 1966 to play bass guitar after the original bassist, Paul Samwell-Smith, left the group. Shortly after, Page switched from bass to second lead guitar, creating a dual-lead guitar line up with Jeff Beck. Following the departure of Beck from the group in October 1966, The Yardbirds, tired from constant touring and recording, were beginning to wind down. Page wanted to form a supergroup with himself and Beck on guitars, and The Who's rhythm section—drummer Keith Moon and bassist John Entwistle. Vocalists Donovan, Steve Winwood and Steve Marriott were also considered for the project.^[20] The group never formed, although Page, Beck and Moon did record a song together in 1966, "Beck's Bolero", which is featured on Beck's 1968 album, Truth. The recording session also included bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones, who told Page that he would be interested in collaborating with him on future projects.^[21] Blues-rock is a hybrid musical genre combining elements of the blues with rock and roll, with an emphasis on the electric guitar. ... Not to be confused with Yard Birds. ... Paul Samwell-Smith was the founding member and bassist of the 1960s British band, The Yardbirds. ... Lead guitar refers to a role within a band, that provides melody or melodic material, as opposed to the rhythm of the rhythm guitar, bass, and drums. ... Geoffrey Arnold (Jeff) Beck (born June 24, 1944 to Arnold and Ethel Beck in Wallington, Greater London) is an English rock guitarist. ... “Supergroup” redirects here. ... The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. ... Keith John Moon (August 23, 1946 – September 7, 1978) was the drummer of the rock group The Who. ... John Alec Entwistle (October 9, 1944 – June 27, 2002) was an English bass guitarist, songwriter, singer, and horn player, who was best known as the bass guitarist for the rock band The Who. ... For other uses, see Donovan (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Steve Marriott (30 January 1947 in Upton, East London, – 20 April 1991 in Arkesden, Essex. ... Becks Bolero is a short, rock-based instrumental piece heavily influenced by Maurice Ravels Bolero, recorded by Jeff Beck with Jimmy Page on guitar, John Paul Jones on bass, Nicky Hopkins on piano, and Keith Moon on drums. ... Truth (1968) was the first full-length album by Jeff Beck and his backing group. ...

The Yardbirds played their final gig in July 1968. However, they were still committed to performing several concerts in Scandinavia, so drummer Jim McCarty and vocalist Keith Relf authorised Page and bassist Chris Dreja to use the Yardbirds name to fulfil the band's obligations. Page and Dreja began putting a new line-up together. Page's first choice for lead singer, Terry Reid, declined the offer, but suggested Robert Plant, a West Bromwich singer he knew.^[22] Plant eventually accepted the position, recommending a drummer, John Bonham from nearby Redditch.^[23] When Dreja opted out of the project to become a photographer—he would later take the photograph that appeared on the back of Led Zeppelin's debut album—John Paul Jones, at the suggestion of his wife, contacted Page about the vacant position. Being familiar with Jones' credentials, Page agreed to bring in Jones as the final piece. Gig is the term commonly used by bands with reference to their live shows. ... For other uses, see Concert (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Scandinavia (disambiguation). ... Jim McCarty was a guitarist from Michigan. ... Keith Relf (born Keith William Relf) is best known as the lead singer and harmonica player of The Yardbirds. ... Former rhythm guitarist and later bassist for the mid-sixties British band The Yardbirds. ... Terry Reid (born 13 November 1949, Huntingdon, England) is a rock singer and guitarist noted for his soulful voice in the same vein as contemporaries Paul Rodgers and Rod Stewart. ... The Public by Will Alsop. ... Redditch is a town and local government district in north-east Worcestershire, England. ... A photographer at the Calgary Folk Music Festival Paparazzi at the Tribeca Film Festival A photographer is a person who takes a photograph using a camera. ...

The group came together for the first time in a room below a record store on Gerrard Street in London.^[24] Page suggested that they try playing "Train Kept A-Rollin'", a rockabilly song popularised by Johnny Burnette that had been given new life by the Yardbirds. "As soon as I heard John Bonham play," stated Jones, "I knew this was going to be great... We locked together as a team immediately."^[25] Shortly afterwards, the group played together on the final day of sessions for the P. J. Proby album, Three Week Hero. Proby recalled, "Come the last day we found we had some studio time, so I just asked the band to play while I just came up with the words. ... They weren't Led Zeppelin at the time, they were the New Yardbirds and they were going to be my band."^[26] This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Train Kept A-Rollin is a song written by Tiny Bradshaw, Howard Kay, and Lois Mann. ... Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, and emerged in the early-1950s. ... John Joseph Johnny Burnette (March 25, 1934–August 14, 1964) was a Rockabilly pioneer. ... P. J. Proby (born James Marcus Smith, 6 November 1938, Houston, Texas, USA) is a singer, songwriter, and actor noted for his theatrical portrayals of Elvis Presley and Roy Orbison, plus interpretations of old standards in the vein of Billy Eckstine, Nat King Cole and Tony Bennett. ... Three Week Hero is an album released by rock singer P.J. Proby on April 8, 1969 by Liberty Records. ...

The band completed the Scandinavian tour as The New Yardbirds. One account of the band's naming, which has become almost legendary, has it that Keith Moon and John Entwistle suggested that a possible supergroup containing themselves, Jimmy Page, and Jeff Beck would go down like a lead zeppelin, a term Entwistle used to describe a bad gig.^[27] The group deliberately dropped the 'a' in Lead at the suggestion of their manager, Peter Grant, to prevent "thick Americans"^[21] from pronouncing it as "leed".^[28] Led Zeppelins 1968 tour of Scandinavia was a concert tour of Denmark and Sweden by the English rock band. ... Peter Grant in 1973 Peter Grant, (April 5, 1935 – November 21, 1995) was a manager for The Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin and Bad Company, and a record executive for Swan Song Records. ...

Grant also secured an advance deal of $200,000 from Atlantic Records in November 1968, then the biggest deal of its kind for a new band.^[26] Atlantic was a label known for its catalogue of blues, soul and jazz artists, but in the late-1960s it began to take an interest in progressive British rock acts, and signed Led Zeppelin without having ever seen them, largely on the recommendation of singer Dusty Springfield.^[29] Under the terms of the contract secured by Grant, the band alone would decide when they would release albums and tour, and had final say over the contents and design of each album. They also would decide how to promote each release and which (if any) tracks to select as singles,^[25] and formed their own company, Superhype, to handle all publishing rights.^[30] Atlantic Records (Atlantic Recording Corporation) is an American record label, and operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Music Group. ... Dusty Springfield OBE (16 April 1939–2 March 1999) was a popular English singer whose career spanned four decades. ...

Early days (1968–1971)

With their first album not yet released, Led Zeppelin made their live debut at the University of Surrey, Guildford on 25 October 1968. This was followed by a US concert debut on 26 December 1968 (when promoter Barry Fey added them to a bill in Denver, Colorado) before moving on to the west coast for dates in Los Angeles, San Francisco and other cities.^[31] Led Zeppelin's eponymous debut album was released on 12 January 1969, during their first US tour. The album's blend of blues, folk and eastern influences with distorted amplification made it one of the pivotal records in the creation of heavy metal music. However, Plant has commented that it is unfair for people to typecast the band as heavy metal, since about a third of their music was acoustic.^[32] The University of Surrey is a public university in Guildford, England. ... , For other places with the same name, see Guildford (disambiguation). ... is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Led Zeppelins 1968/1969 tour of North America was the first concert tour of North America by the English rock band. ... is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Location of Denver in the State of Colorado Location of Colorado in the United States Coordinates: , Country United States State State of Colorado City and County Denver[1] Founded 1858-11-22, as Denver City, K.T.[2] Incorporated 1861-11-07, as Denver City, C.T.[3] Consolidated... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Led Zeppelin is the eponymous debut album of English hard rock band, Led Zeppelin. ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Heavy metal redirects here. ...

Live in Montreux, 1970

In an interview for the Led Zeppelin Profiled radio promo CD (1990) Page said that the album took about 35 hours of studio time to create (including mixing), and stated that he knows this because of the amount charged on the studio bill. Peter Grant claimed the album cost £1,750 to produce (including artwork).^[21] By 1975, the album had grossed $7,000,000.^[33] Led Zeppelin's album cover met an interesting protest when, at a 28 February 1970 gig in Copenhagen, the band were billed as "The Nobs" as the result of a threat of legal action from aristocrat Eva von Zeppelin (a relative of the creator of the Zeppelin aircraft), who, upon seeing the logo of the Hindenburg crashing in flames, threatened to have the show pulled off the air.^[34] Profiled is an interview album by Led Zeppelin, released by Atlantic Records on September 21, 1990. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ... The Nobs was a temporary name used by the rock band Led Zeppelin during a February 1970 tour in Copenhagen, Denmark. ... Zeppelins are types of rigid airships pioneered by German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century, based in part on an earlier design by aviation pioneer David Schwarz. ... LZ 129 Hindenburg was a German zeppelin. ...

In their first year, Led Zeppelin managed to complete four US and four UK concert tours, and release their second album, entitled Led Zeppelin II.^[26] Recorded almost entirely on the road at various North American recording studios, the second album was an even greater success than the first and reached the number one chart position in the US and the UK.^[35] Here the band further developed ideas established on their debut album, creating a work which became even more widely acclaimed and arguably more influential.^[36] It has been suggested that Led Zeppelin II largely wrote the blueprint for 1970s hard rock.^[36] A concert comprises a performance, usually involving some degree of formality, and particularly a performance featuring music. ... Led Zeppelin II is the second album released by English rock band Led Zeppelin in 1969. ... North American redirects here. ... ==Individual Studio== A recording studio is a facility for sound recording. ... Hard Rock redirects here. ...

Following the album's release, Led Zeppelin completed several more tours of the United States. They played often, initially in clubs and ballrooms, then in larger auditoriums and eventually stadiums as their popularity grew. Led Zeppelin concerts could last more than three hours, with expanded, improvised live versions of their song repertoire.^[37] Many of these shows have been preserved as Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings. For the composition of their third album, Led Zeppelin III, Jimmy Page and Robert Plant retired to Bron-Yr-Aur, a remote cottage in Wales, in 1970. The result was a more acoustic sound (and a song, "Bron-Yr-Aur Stomp", misspelt as "Bron-Y-Aur Stomp" on the album cover), strongly influenced by folk and Celtic music, and revealed the band's versatility. A ballroom is a large room inside a building, the designated puprose of which is holding dances (balls). ... An auditorium is the area within a theatre, concert hall or other performance space where the audience is located in order to hear and watch the performance. ... This article is about the building type. ... Poster for a Led Zeppelin concert at Oakland Coliseum, July 1977 Throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, English rock group Led Zeppelin was one of the worlds most popular live music attractions, making numerous concert tours of the United States, the United Kingdom and Europe in particular. ... Improvisation is the practice of acting and reacting, of making and creating, in the moment and in response to the stimulus of ones immediate environment. ... English rock band Led Zeppelin were, throughout the decade of the 1970s, one of the worlds most frequently bootlegged performers. ... Led Zeppelin III, the third album by English rock band Led Zeppelin, was released October 5, 1970 by Atlantic Records. ... Bron-Y-Aur, or Bron-Yr-Aur, is a small hamlet in Wales, on a hilltop overlooking the Dovey Valley, about 3 km north-west of Machynlleth. ... This article is about the country. ... Bron-Y-Aur Stomp is a song on English rock band Led Zeppelins third album, Led Zeppelin III, released in 1970. ... Folk song redirects here. ... Celtic music is a term utilized by artists, record companies, music stores and music magazines to describe a broad grouping of musical genres that evolved out of the folk musical traditions of the Celtic peoples of Northern Europe. ...

The album's rich acoustic sound initially received mixed reactions, with many critics and fans surprised at the turn taken by the band away from the primarily electric compositions of the first two albums. Over time, however, its reputation has recovered and Led Zeppelin III is now generally praised.^[38][39] It has a unique album cover featuring a wheel which, when rotated, displayed various images through cut outs in the main jacket sleeve. The album's opening track, "Immigrant Song", was released in November 1970 by Atlantic Records as a single against the band's wishes (Atlantic had earlier released an edited version of "Whole Lotta Love" which cut the 5:34 song to 3:10, removing the abstract middle section). It included their only non-album b-side, "Hey Hey What Can I Do". Even though the band saw their albums as indivisible, whole listening experiences—and their manager, Peter Grant, maintained an aggressive pro-album stance—some singles were released without their consent. The group also increasingly resisted television appearances, enforcing their preference that their fans hear and see them in live concerts. An album cover is a cover used to package commercial audio recordings such as the printed cardboard covers that were typically used to package 12 gramophone records from the 1960s through to the 1980s when the 12 record was the major format for distribution of popular music. ... Immigrant Song is the opening track on English rock band Led Zeppelins third album, Led Zeppelin III, written and released in 1970. ... A collection of various CD singles In music, a single is a short recording of one or more separate tracks. ... In recorded music, the terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 7 inch vinyl records on which singles have been released since the 1950s. ... Hey Hey What Can I Do is one of the more famous Led Zeppelin songs to never be released on an album. ... Peter Grant in 1973 Peter Grant, (April 5, 1935 – November 21, 1995) was a manager for The Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin and Bad Company, and a record executive for Swan Song Records. ...

Best-selling albums (1971–1975)

The success of Led Zeppelin's early years would be dwarfed by this five-year period in which the band would release their best selling albums and ascend to the pinnacle of musical success in the 1970s. The band's image also changed as members began to wear elaborate, flamboyant clothing and they developed a reputation for off-stage excess. Led Zeppelin began travelling in a private jet airliner (nicknamed The Starship^[40]), rented out entire sections of hotels (most notably the Continental Hyatt House in Los Angeles, known colloquially as the "Riot House"), and became the subject of many of rock's most famous stories of debauchery. One escapade involved John Bonham riding a motorcycle through a rented floor of the Riot House. The band were known for trashing their hotel suites, and throwing television sets out of the windows. Another example of Led Zeppelin excess was the infamous shark episode, or red snapper incident, which took place at the Edgewater Inn in Seattle, Washington, on July 28, 1969.^[21] The de Havilland Comet 1, G-ALYP - The first production Comet. ... The Starship was a Boeing 720B passenger jet leased by the band Led Zeppelin for its 1973 North American concert tour. ... The Continental Hyatt House is a 262-room hotel located at 8401 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California (at Kings Road). ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... Debauchery was created by the Germans in the 5th century B.C. Almost coincidentally, it was formed after the discovery of alcohol, specifically bier. ... The Shark episode or Mudshark incident was an event which took place at the Edgewater Inn in Seattle, WA, on July 28, 1969, involving the English rock band Led Zeppelin. ... Seattle redirects here. ... For the capital city of the United States, see Washington, D.C.. For other uses, see Washington (disambiguation). ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ...

The four symbols on Led Zeppelin IV's cover, representing Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, John Bonham, and Robert Plant (from left to right) respectively. The symbols have origins in mysticism.

Led Zeppelin's fourth album was released on 8 November 1971 with several songs referencing elements of J.R.R. Tolkien's book The Lord of the Rings, which was popular at the time. There was no indication of a title or band name on the original cover, but on the LP label four symbols were printed— . The band was motivated to undertake this initiative by their disdain for the media, which labelled them as hyped and overrated. In response, they released the album with no indication of who they were in order to prove that the music could sell itself. The album is variously referred to as Four Symbols and The Fourth Album (both titles were used in the Atlantic Records catalogue), and also IV, Untitled, Zoso, Runes, Sticks, Man With Sticks, and Four. It is still officially untitled and most commonly referred to as Led Zeppelin IV. In an interview with Rolling Stone magazine in 2005, Plant said that it is simply called The Fourth Album.^[41] Image File history File links Zoso. ... Image File history File links Zoso. ... The untitled fourth album of English rock band Led Zeppelin was released on November 8, 1971. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The untitled fourth album of English rock band Led Zeppelin was released on November 8, 1971. ... is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Zoso. ... Atlantic Records (Atlantic Recording Corporation) is an American record label, and operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Music Group. ... The untitled fourth album of English rock band Led Zeppelin was released on November 8, 1971. ...

further refined the band's unique formula of combining earthy, acoustic elements with heavy metal and blues emphases. The album included examples of hard rock, such as "Black Dog" and an acoustic track, "Going to California" (a tribute to Joni Mitchell).^[42] "Rock and Roll" is a tribute to the early rock music of the 1950s. Recently (as of 2006) and until mid-2007, the song has been used prominently in Cadillac automobile commercials—one of the few instances of Led Zeppelin's surviving members licensing songs.^[43] Image File history File links Zoso. ... Black Dog is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin, which was released as the lead-off track of their untitled fourth album in 1971. ... Going to California is the penultimate song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin on their fourth album, released in 1971. ... Joni Mitchell, CC (born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7, 1943) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter. ... Rock and Roll is a song by British rock band Led Zeppelin, which was first released as the second track of their untitled fourth album in 1971. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Cadillac (disambiguation). ... Car redirects here. ...

The track "Stairway to Heaven" (sample ( info)), although never released as a single, is sometimes quoted as being the most requested album-oriented rock FM radio song and there are unsubstantiated but repeated claims of "satanic" back masked messages within the song.^[44] In 2005, the magazine Guitar World held a poll of readers in which "Stairway to Heaven" was voted as having the greatest guitar solo of all time.^[45] As of 31 July 2006, the album has sold 23 million copies in the U.S. This article is about the Led Zeppelin song. ... Image File history File links Led_Zeppelin_Stairway_to_Heaven. ... A collection of various CD singles In music, a single is a short recording of one or more separate tracks. ... Album-oriented rock (sometimes referred to as adult-oriented rock), abbreviated AOR and originally called album-oriented radio, was originally an American FM radio format focusing on album tracks by rock artists. ... FM broadcasting is a broadcast technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation (FM) to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. ... Peter H. Gilmore, High Priest of the Church of Satan. ... Backmasking (also known incorrectly as backward masking)[1] is a recording technique in which a sound or message is recorded backwards onto a track that is meant to be played forwards. ... Two issues of Guitar World featuring Jimmy Page, and Jimi Hendrix on the covers, and the accompanying CDs (May 2005, October 2005) Guitar World is a monthly music magazine devoted to guitarists. ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Led Zeppelin's next album, Houses of the Holy, was released in 1973. It featured further experimentation, with longer tracks and expanded use of synthesisers and mellotron orchestration. The song "Houses of the Holy" does not appear on its namesake album, even though it was recorded at the same time as other songs on the album; it eventually made its way onto the 1975 album Physical Graffiti.^[21] For the Led Zeppelin song of the same name, see Houses of the Holy (song). ... Synth redirects here. ... The Mellotron is an electro-mechanical, polyphonic keyboard originally developed and built in Birmingham, England in the early 1960s. ... Houses of the Holy is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin from their 1975 album Physical Graffiti. ... Back cover Physical Graffiti is the sixth album, a double album by the English hard rock band Led Zeppelin. ...

The striking orange album cover of Houses of the Holy features images of nude children^[46] climbing up the Giant's Causeway (in County Antrim, Northern Ireland). Although the children are not depicted from the front, this was highly controversial at the time of the album's release, and in some areas, such as the "Bible Belt" and Spain, the record was banned.^[47][48]The album topped the charts, and Led Zeppelin's subsequent concert tour of the United States in 1973 broke records for attendance, as they consistently filled large auditoriums and stadiums. At Tampa Stadium, Florida, they played to 56,800 fans (breaking the record set by The Beatles at Shea Stadium in 1965), and grossed $309,000.^[21] Three sold-out shows at Madison Square Garden in New York were filmed for a motion picture, but the theatrical release of this project (The Song Remains the Same) would be delayed until 1976. For other uses, see Giants Causeway (disambiguation). ... Statistics Province: Ulster County Town: Antrim Area: 2,844 km² Population (est. ... This article is about the constituent country. ... The approximate extent of the Bible Belt, indicated in red The Bible Belt is an informal term for an area of the United States of America in which socially conservative Christian Evangelical Protestantism is a dominant part of the culture. ... Led Zeppelins 1973 North American Tour was the ninth concert tour of North America by the English rock band. ... Houlihans Stadium was a sports venue in Tampa that opened in 1967 as Tampa Stadium (later changed when the Glazers acquired the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and renamed the stadium after a family-owned restaurant), and saw a number of major sporting teams and events grace its fields over the... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... This article is about the home of the New York Mets. ... Madison Square Garden, often abbreviated as MSG, and known colloquially simply as The Garden, has been the name of four arenas in New York City. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

In 1974, Led Zeppelin took a break from touring and launched their own record label, Swan Song, named after one of only five Led Zeppelin songs which the band never released commercially (Page later re-worked the song with his band, The Firm, and it appears as "Midnight Moonlight" on their first album). The record label's logo, based on a drawing called Evening: Fall of Day (1869) by William Rimmer, features a picture of Apollo.^[49] The logo can be found on much Led Zeppelin memorabilia, especially t-shirts. In addition to using Swan Song as a vehicle to promote their own albums, the band expanded the label's roster, signing artists such as Bad Company, Pretty Things, Maggie Bell, Detective, Dave Edmunds, Midnight Flyer, Sad Café and Wildlife.^[50] The label would be successful while Led Zeppelin existed, but folded less than three years after they disbanded.^[21] Swan Song Records was a record label launched by Led Zeppelin on May 10, 1974. ... For the hip hop group, see Nas, Foxy Brown, AZ, and Nature Present The Firm: The Album. ... The Firm is a studio album by The Firm, released by Atlantic Records on March 2, 1985. ... William Rimmer (20 February 1816-20 August 1879) was an American artist born in Liverpool, England. ... For other uses, see Apollo (disambiguation). ... T-Shirt A T-shirt (or tee shirt) is a shirt with short or long sleeves, a round neck, put on over the head, without pockets. ... This article is about the English rock band. ... The Pretty Things is a 1960s and 1970s rock and roll band from London. ... Maggie Bell (born January 12th 1945) is a Glaswegian singer. ... Dave Edmunds (born April 15, 1944) is a singer, guitarist and producer from Cardiff, Wales. ... Sad Café are a British rock band who started in the late 1970s. ...

24 February 1975 saw the release of Led Zeppelin's first double album, Physical Graffiti, which was their first release on the Swan Song Records label. It consisted of fifteen songs, eight of which were recorded at Headley Grange in 1974, and the remainder being tracks previously recorded but not released on earlier albums. A review in Rolling Stone magazine referred to Physical Graffiti as Led Zeppelin's "bid for artistic respectability," adding that the only competition the band had for the title of 'World's Best Rock Band' were The Rolling Stones and The Who.^[51] The album was a massive fiscal and critical success. Shortly after the release of Physical Graffiti, all previous Led Zeppelin albums simultaneously re-entered the top-200 album chart,^[21] and the band embarked on another U.S. tour, again playing to record-breaking crowds. In May 1975, Led Zeppelin played five highly successful, sold-out nights at the Earls Court Arena in London, footage of which was released in 2003, on the Led Zeppelin DVD. is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A double album is an audio album of sufficient length that two units of the medium in which it is sold (especially records and compact discs) are necessary to contain the entirety of it. ... Back cover Physical Graffiti is the sixth album, a double album by the English hard rock band Led Zeppelin. ... Swan Song Records was a record label launched by Led Zeppelin on May 10, 1974. ... A house in Headley, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom, which is perhaps most known for the music that was recorded there by bands such as Led Zeppelin and Genesis. ... Rolling Stones redirects here. ... The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964. ... Led Zeppelins 1975 North American Tour was the tenth concert tour of North America by the English rock band. ... The Earls Court Exhibition Centre (also known as Earls Court Arena) is located in West London, England on the boundary between the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and Hammersmith and Fulham. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Bonham's death and break-up (1975–1980)

By 1976, Led Zeppelin were becoming increasingly popular worldwide, having outsold most bands of the time, including the Rolling Stones.^[21] Their live shows increased in theatricality, featuring larger stage areas and complex light shows. However, while there were still massive musical and commercial successes for the band during this period, problems such as the death of Robert Plant's son in 1977, Jimmy Page's heroin use,^[52] changing musical tastes, and ultimately John Bonham's death in 1980 finally brought an end to Led Zeppelin. Following their triumphant Earls Court appearances, Led Zeppelin took an unplanned break from touring. In August 1975, Robert Plant and his wife Maureen were involved in a serious car crash while on holiday in Rhodes, Greece. Robert suffered a broken ankle and Maureen was very badly injured; a blood transfusion saved her life.^[21] Unable to tour, Plant headed to the channel island of Jersey to spend August and September recuperating, with Bonham and Page in tow. The band then reconvened in Malibu, California. It was during this forced hiatus that much of the material for their next album, Presence, was written. For other uses, see Heroin (disambiguation). ... A car accident in Yate, near Bristol, England, in July 2004. ... This article is about the Greek island of Rhodes. ... Blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. ... Location of Malibu in Los Angeles County, California Coordinates: , Country State County Los Angeles Incorporated (city) 1991-03-28 [2] Government  - Mayor Jeff Jennings [1] Area  - Total 100. ... Presence is the seventh studio album by English rock band Led Zeppelin, released by Swan Song Records on March 31, 1976. ...

Released in March 1976, the album marked a change in the Led Zeppelin sound towards more straightforward, guitar-based jams, departing from the acoustic ballads and intricate arrangements featured on their previous albums. Though it was a platinum seller, Presence received mixed responses from critics and fans. While many appreciated the looser style, others dismissed it as "sloppy", and some critics speculated that the band members' legendary excesses might have finally caught up with them, resulting in a sub-standard album release.^[53] The recording of Presence coincided with the beginning of Page's heroin use, which may have interfered with Led Zeppelin's later live shows and studio recordings, although Page has denied this.^[54] Despite the original criticisms, Jimmy Page has called Presence his favourite album, and its opening track "Achilles Last Stand" (sample ( info)) his favourite Led Zeppelin song. Robert Plant has also stated that he thinks Presence is the album that probably sounds the most "Led Zeppelin" of all their LPs.^[55] “Golden record” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Heroin (disambiguation). ... Audio sample Info (help· info) Achilles Last Stand [1] is a song by English rock group Led Zeppelin, featured as the opening track on their 1976 album Presence. ... Image File history File links Led_Zeppelin_Achilles_Last_Stand. ...

Poster for Led Zeppelin's twin concerts at Oakland, July 1977

Robert Plant's injuries prevented Led Zeppelin from touring in 1976. Instead, the band finally completed the concert film The Song Remains The Same, and the soundtrack album of the film. It would be the only official live document of the group available until the release of the BBC Sessions in 1997. The recording had taken place during three nights of concerts at Madison Square Garden in July 1973, during the band's concert tour of the United States. The film premièred in New York on October 20, 1976, but was given a lukewarm reception by critics and fans. The film was particularly unsuccessful in the UK, where, after being unwilling to tour since 1975 due to a taxation exile, Led Zeppelin were facing an uphill battle to recapture the public spotlight at home.^[56] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Song Remains the Same (also known as TSRTS) is a concert film by the English rock band Led Zeppelin. ... This article is about the album. ... Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions is an album featuring, as the title suggests, BBC studio session and concert recordings of Led Zeppelin. ... Led Zeppelins 1973 North American Tour was the ninth concert tour of North America by the English rock band. ... is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1977, Led Zeppelin embarked on another major concert tour of North America. Though profitable financially, the tour was beset with off-stage problems. On 3 June, after a concert at Tampa Stadium was cut short because of a severe thunderstorm, a riot broke out amongst the audience, resulting in several arrests and injuries. Led Zeppelin set another attendance record with 76,229 people attending their Pontiac Silverdome concert on 30 April. It was, according to the Guinness Book of Records, the largest attendance to date for a single act show.^[57] Led Zeppelins 1977 North American Tour was the eleventh and final concert tour of North America by the English rock band. ... -1... Houlihans Stadium in Tampa opened in 1967 as Tampa Stadium (later changed when the Glazers acquired the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and renamed the stadium after a family-owned restaurant), and saw a number of major sporting teams and events grace its fields over the years. ... A shelf cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, The Netherlands. ... Teamsters, armed with pipes, riot in a clash with riot police in the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Guinness World Records 2008 edition. ...

After a 23 July show at the "Days on the Green" festival at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum in Oakland, California, John Bonham and members of the band's support staff (including manager Peter Grant and security coordinator John Bindon) were arrested after a member of promoter Bill Graham's staff was badly beaten during the performance. A member of the staff had allegedly slapped Grant's son when he was taking down a dressing room sign. This was seen by John Bonham, who came over and kicked the man. Then, when Grant heard about this, he went into the trailer, along with Bindon and savagely assaulted the man while Richard Cole stood outside and guarded the trailer.^[21][58] The following day's second Oakland concert would prove to be the band's final live appearance in the United States. After the performance, news came that Plant's five year old son, Karac, had died from a stomach virus. The rest of the tour was immediately cancelled.^[21] is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Day on the Green was the name of a concert series in Oakland, California, presented by Bill Graham and his company Bill Graham Presents. ... McAfee Coliseum is a stadium located in Oakland, California that is used for football and baseball games. ... Oakland redirects here. ... John Bindon (October 4, 1943 - October 10, 1993) was a British actor and bodyguard, noted for his film roles as a London underworld figure and tough police detective. ... Bill Graham (January 8, 1931–October 25, 1991) was a very well-known American rock concert promoter, who was prominent from the 1960s until his death. ...

December 1978 saw the group recording again, this time at Polar Studios in Stockholm, Sweden. The resultant album was In Through the Out Door, which exhibited a degree of sonic experimentation that again drew mixed reactions from critics. Nevertheless, the band still commanded legions of loyal fans, and the album easily reached #1 in the UK and the U.S. in just its second week on the Billboard album chart. As a result of this album's release, Led Zeppelin's entire catalogue made the Billboard Top 200 between the weeks of 27 October and 3 November 1979.^[57] Polar Studios was once one of the most famous recording studios in Scandinavia. ... For other uses, see Stockholm (disambiguation). ... In Through the Out Door is the final studio album by English rock band Led Zeppelin, recorded in November and December of 1978 at Polar Studios in Stockholm, Sweden, and released by Swan Song Records on 15 August, 1979. ... It has been suggested that Billboard be merged into this article or section. ...

In August 1979, after two warm-up shows in Copenhagen, Led Zeppelin headlined two concerts at the Knebworth music festival, where crowds of close to 120,000 witnessed the return of the band. However, Robert Plant was not eager to tour full-time again, and even considered leaving Led Zeppelin. He was persuaded to stay by Peter Grant. A brief, low-key European tour was undertaken in June and July 1980, featuring a stripped-down set without the usual lengthy jams and solos. At one show on June 27, in Nuremberg, Germany, the concert came to an abrupt end in the middle of the third song when John Bonham collapsed on stage and was rushed to a hospital. Press speculation arose that Bonham's problem was caused by an excess of alcohol and drugs, but the band claimed that he had simply overeaten, and they completed the European tour on 7 July, at Berlin.^[21] Knebworth 1979 were two concerts performed by the English rock band Led Zeppelin at Knebworth House, Stevenage, England, in August 1979. ... This article details all the concerts held to date in the grounds of Knebworth House in the village of Knebworth. ... Tour Over Europe 1980 was the last concert tour of the English rock band Led Zeppelin. ... is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Nürnberg redirects here. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of Germany. ...

On 24 September 1980, John Bonham was picked up by Led Zeppelin assistant Rex King to attend rehearsals at Bray Studios for the upcoming tour of the United States, the band's first since 1977. During the journey Bonham had asked to stop for breakfast, where he downed four quadruple vodkas (sixteen shots - or roughly 400ml - of vodka), with a ham roll. After taking a bite of the ham roll he said to his assistant, "Breakfast". He continued to drink heavily when he arrived at the studio. A halt was called to the rehearsals late in the evening and the band retired to Page's house — The Old Mill House in Clewer, Windsor. After midnight, Bonham had fallen asleep and was taken to bed and placed on his side. Benji LeFevre (who had replaced Richard Cole as Led Zeppelin's tour manager) and John Paul Jones found him dead the next morning. Bonham was 32 years old.^[59] The cause of death was asphyxiation from vomit. A subsequent and thorough autopsy found no other drugs in Bonham's body.^[60] The alcoholism that had plagued the drummer since his earliest days with the band ultimately led to his death. Bonham was cremated on 10 October 1980, at Rushock parish church in Droitwich, Worcestershire, England. is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Bray Studios is a film and television studio next to the River Thames near Windsor, England. ... Vodka bottling machine, Shatskaya Vodka Shatsk, Russia Vodka (Polish: wódka, Russian: водка) is one of the worlds most popular distilled beverages. ... This article is about the cut of meat. ... Map sources for Clewer at grid reference TQ073693 Clewer is an area of Windsor, Berkshire, United Kingdom. ... This article is about the English town. ... Some factual claims in this article or section need to be verified. ... Suffocation redirects here, for the band, see Suffocation (band). ... This article is about the medical procedure. ... Alcoholism is the consumption of, or preoccupation with, alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behavior interferes with the drinkers normal personal, family, social, or work life, and may lead to physical or mental harm. ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... , Droitwich Spa is a town in northern Worcestershire, England, on the River Salwarpe and has a population of 22,585 (2001). ... For the condiment, see Worcestershire sauce. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...

Despite rumours that Cozy Powell, Carmine Appice, Barriemore Barlow, Simon Kirke or Bev Bevan would join the group as his replacement, the remaining members decided to disband after Bonham's death. They issued a press statement on 4 December 1980 confirming that the band would not continue without Bonham. "We wish it to be known that the loss of our dear friend, and the deep sense of undivided harmony felt by ourselves and our manager, have led us to decide that we could not continue as we were."^[61] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Carmine Appice (b. ... Barriemore Barlow Barriemore Barlow (born 10 September 1949, in Birmingham) best known as the drummer and percussionist for rock band Jethro Tull from 1972 to 1980. ... Fire And Water, with Simon Kirke at far right Simon Kirke (born July 28, 1949) is a British rock drummer best known as a member of Free and Bad Company. ... Bev Bevan was the drummer, as well as one of the original members of the Electric Light Orchestra and served as the drummer for Black Sabbath from 1983-1984. ... is the 338th day of the year (339th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ...

Post-Led Zeppelin (1980–present)

In 1982, the surviving members of the group released a collection of out-takes from various sessions during Led Zeppelin's career, entitled Coda. It included two tracks taken from the band's performance at the Royal Albert Hall in 1970, one each from the Led Zeppelin III and Houses of the Holy sessions, and three from the In Through the Out Door sessions. It also featured a 1976 John Bonham drum instrumental with electronic effects added by Jimmy Page, called "Bonzo's Montreux". Coda is a studio album by English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in 1982. ... Albert Hall redirects here. ... Bonzos Montreux is a song by English rock group Led Zeppelin. ...

On 13 July 1985, Page, Plant and Jones reunited for the Live Aid concert at JFK Stadium, Philadelphia, for a short set