A 9th century picture of Arab scientists working in Baghdad, Iraq. This is a list of scientists and scholars associated with the Arab World and Islamic Spain (Al-Andalus). In some cases, their exact ancestry in unclear. They may have emigrated or immigrated, and thus may appear in other "Lists of...", but nevertheless their names and work are somehow linked to the words "Arabs",and "Arabians". The Arab world The Arab world ( العالم العربي Al-Alam Al-Arabi) consists of more than twenty countries stretching from Mauritania in the west to Oman in the east. ...
Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). ...
Notice:
- Both the Arabic and Latin names are given.
- The following arabic articles are not used for indexing:
- Al - the
- ibn, bin, banu - son of
- abu - father of, the one with
- When entering new names: to make the list overlookable and easy to navigate please try to follow the Entries Format for the List of Arab scientists and scholars.
Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
Humanitarian, technologist, and chemist. He was the first man in history to make a scientific attempt at flying. Ibn Firnas Airport to the north of Baghdad is named for him. Abbas Ibn Firnas, or Abbas Qasim Ibn Firnas (Unknown- 887 A.D.) was a Spanish-Arab humanitarian, technologist, and chemist. ...
See Ibn Tufail. Ibn Tufail (c. ...
See Al-Zahrawi. Abu al-Qasim (936 - 1013), (Arabic: أبو القاسم) also known as Abul Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas al-Zahrawi known in the West as Abucalsis, is medieval Islams most prominent scholar of medicine. ...
See Ibn al-Haitham. Alhazen Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham (also: Ibn al Haitham) (965-1040) (Arabic: أبو علي الØسن بن الهيثم) was an Arab Muslim mathematician; he is sometimes called al-Basri (Arabic: البصري), after his birthplace Basra, Arab Islamic Caliphate (now Iraq). ...
He made one of the earliest examples of a parachute. Armen Firman was a Moor remembered for an attempt at flight in 852 AD. He wrapped himself in a loose cloak stiffened with wooden struts and jumped from a tower in Córdoba, Spain, intending to use the garment as wings on which he could glide. ...
The Apollo 15 capsule landed safely despite a parachute failure. ...
See Ibn Bajjah. Ibn Bajjah ابن باجة Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Yahya Ibn al-Sayegh أبو بكر محمد بن يحيى بن الصايغ was an Andalusian Muslim Arab philosopher and physician who was known in the West using his latinized name, Avempace. ...
See Ibn Rushd. Averroes Averroes (Ibn Rushd) (1126 – December 10, 1198) was an Andalusian-Arab philosopher and physician, a master of philosophy and Islamic law, mathematics, and medicine. ...
See Ibn Zuhr. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar, Abumeron, ibn-Zohr) (1090? - 1162) was an Arab (Spanish-born) physician. ...
B - Al-Baghdadi (980, Baghdad, Iraq - 1037, ? )
wrote about different systems of arithmetic in a work of great importance in the history of mathematics. - Ibn Bajjah ( ?, Saragossa, Spain - 1138, Fez, Morocco)
He had a vast knowledge of Medicine, Mathematics and Astronomy. His main contribution to Islamic Philosophy is his idea on Soul Phenomenology, but unfortunately not completed. He was also the teacher of Ibn Rushd. Ibn Bajjah ابن باجة Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Yahya Ibn al-Sayegh أبو بكر Ù…Øمد بن ÙŠØيى بن الصايغ was an Andalusian Muslim philosopher and physician who was known in the West using his latinized name, Avempace. ...
Medicine is the branch of health science and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining human health or restoring it through the treatment of disease and injury. ...
Euclid, detail from The School of Athens by Raphael. ...
Lunar astronomy: the large crater is Daedalus, photographed by the crew of Apollo 11 as they circled the Moon in 1969. ...
Islamic philosophy (الÙلسÙØ© الإسلامية) is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between faith, reason or philosophy, and the religious teachings of Islam. ...
The soul, according to many religious and philosophical traditions, is a self aware ethereal substance particular to a unique living being. ...
Look up Phenomenology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Phenomenology is a current in philosophy that takes the intuitive experience of phenomena (what presents itself to us in conscious experience) as its starting point and tries to extract from it the essential features of experiences and the essence of what we...
Averroes (1126 - December 10, 1198) was an Andalusi philosopher and physician, a master of philosophy and Islamic law, mathematics and medicine. ...
- Al-Banna (1256, Marrakesh, Morocco - 1321, Marrakesh, Morocco)
He wrote a large number of works including an introduction to Euclid's Elements, an algebra text and various works on astronomy. - Al-Battani (850, Harran, Turkey - 929, Qasr al-Jiss, Iraq)
He made important accurate measurements of the stars, moon and planets. His measurements and methods were used by later astronomers. Al Battani (c. ...
- Ibn Battutah (February 24, 1304, Tangier, Morocco - 1368 or 1377, Morocco)
A famous explorer, he began exploring areas in present day southern Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in 1325 when he was 21 years old. He ventured over land and sea for 22 years, traveling to 44 modern countries, and covering 75,000 miles. Battuta recorded his travels in the Rihla, and was an early and extensive contributor to the field of geography. Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta (February 24, 1304 - 1377) was a Moroccan Berber traveller and explorer. ...
C
D
E
F
G See Jabir ibn Hayyan or Jabir ibn Aflah. 15th-century European portrait of Geber, Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan (Arabic: جابر ابن Øیان) (ca. ...
H - Ibn al-Haitham (965, Basra,Iraq - 1040, Cairo,Egypt)
One of the most eminent physicists, whose contributions to optics and the scientific methods are outstanding. Alhazen Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham, (965-1040) was a Arab Muslim mathematician; he is sometimes called al-Basri, after his birthplace. ...
Was a geographer, poet, grammarian, historian, and astronomer, who was one of the best representative of Islamic culture during the last effective years of the Abbasid caliphate. Mohammed al-Hassan al-Hamdani (* 900; † 945) was one of the most important medieval scholars of Yemen. ...
I - Ibrahim ibn Sinan (908, Baghdad,Iraq - 946, Baghdad,Iraq)
The son of Sinan ibn Thabit . Was a mathematician and astronomer who studied geometry and in particular tangents to circles. He also made advances in the theory of integration. - Al-Idrisi (1099, Ceuta,Spain - 1266 CE, Sicily)
Considered the greatest geographer and cartographer of the middle Ages. Al-Idrisi constructed a world globe map of 400 Kg pure silver and precisely recorded on it the seven continents with trade routes, lakes and rivers, major cities, and plains and mountains. His world maps were used in Europa for centuries to come. It is worth mentioning that Christopher Columbus used the world map which was originally taken from Al-Idrisi's work. He also contributed to the science of medicinal plants. Al_Idrisis world map from 1154. ...
J - Jabir ibn Aflah (1100, Seville,Spain - 1160, ? )
Astronomer and mathematician whos translated work in Latin influenced later European mathematicians. Considered father of chemistry. He emphasized systematic experimentation, and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science. 15th century European portrait of Geber, Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan, in Latin Geber, was one of the most notable Islamic alchemists. ...
- Al-Jayyani (989, Cordoba,Spain - 1079, Jaen,Spain)
He wrote important commentaries on Euclid's Elements and he wrote the first treatise on spherical trigonometry.
K He was one of Al-Khwarismi's successors and applied algebraic methods to geometric problems. Abu Kamil Shuja ibn Aslam ibn Muhammad ibn Shuja (c. ...
- Al-Kindi (c.801 CE, Kufa, Iraq – 873, Bahgdad, Iraq)
A gifted Mathematician, astronomer, physician and a geographer as well as a talented musician. He wrote the first treatise in cryptography. Abū-Yūsuf Ya’qūb ibn Ishāq al-Kindī (c. ...
The German Lorenz cipher machine Cryptography or cryptology is a field of mathematics and computer science concerned with information security and related issues, particularly encryption and authentication. ...
- Ibn Khaldun (May 27, 1332, Tunis - March 19, 1406, Cairo, Egypt)
One of the forerunners of modern historiography, sociology and economics. He is best known for his Muqaddimah "Prolegomena". Statue of Ibn Khaldoun in Tunis Ibn KhaldÅ«n, full name AbÅ« Zayd Ê•Abdu l-Rahman ibn Muħammad ibn KhaldÅ«n al-Haá¸ramÄ« ( ابو زيد عبد الرØمن بن Ù…Øمد بن خلدون الØضرمي ), (May 27, 1332/ah732 to March 19, 1406/ah808) was a famous Arab historiographer and historian born in what is modern day Tunisia, and is...
Historiography is the study of the way history is and has been written. ...
Social interactions of people and their consequences are the subject of sociology studies. ...
Buyers bargain for good prices while sellers put forth their best front in Chichicastenango Market, Guatemala. ...
The Muqaddimah, or the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun (Arabic: مقدّمة ابن خلدون), records an early Muslim view of universal history. Many modern thinkers view it as one of the first works of sociology. ...
- Al-Khalili ( 1320,Damascus, Syria - 1380, Damascus, Syria)
Was an astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use.
L
M - al-Maghribi (1220, Spain - 1283, Maragha,Iran)
He was famous for his work on trigonometry. - Al-Masudi ( ?, baghdad,Iraq - 957, Cairo,Egypt)
Was a historian, geographer and philosopher. Born in Baghdad, he traveled to Spain, Russia, India, Sri Lanka and China and spent his last years in Syria and Egypt. Al-Masudi or Abu-Alhasan Ali bin al-Husain. ...
Location of Baghdad within Iraq Baghdad (Arabic: ) (Bexda in Kurdish) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ...
They supervised the translation of Greek scientific works into Arabic and helped to found the Arabic school of mathematics.
N - Ibn Nafis (1213, Damaskus,Syria - 1288, Cairo, Egypt)
Was a physician who is mostly famous for being the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood. Ibn Nafis (1210-1288) was the first person to accurately describe the process of blood circulation in the human body (in 1242). ...
O
P
Q - Al-Qalasadi (1412, Baza,Spain - 1486, Beja, Tunisia)
Mathematician who took the first steps toward the introduction of algebraic symbolism by using letters in place of numbers.
R - Ibn Rushd (1126 Cordoba, Spain– December 10, 1198, Marrakesh, Morocco)
A master of philosophy and Islamic law, mathematics, and medicine. His school of philosophy is known as Averroism. Averroes Averroes (Ibn Rushd) (1126 – December 10, 1198) was an Andalusian-Arab philosopher and physician, a master of philosophy and Islamic law, mathematics, and medicine. ...
Averroism was a philosophical trend among scholastics in the late 1200s based on Averroës interpretations of Aristotle. ...
S - Al-Samawal (1130, Baghdad,Iraq - 1180, Maragha,Iran)
Mathematician who was able to extend the arithmetic operations to handle polynomials. He used an early form of induction. Ibn Yahya al-Maghribi Al-Samawal was a Moroccan born muslim mathematician and astronomer of the 12th century. ...
- Sinan ibn Thabit (880, Baghdad,Iraq - 880, Baghdad,Iraq)
The son of Thabit ibn Qurra and father of Ibrahim ibn Sinan. He is more important for his contributions to medicine than to mathematics. Abul Hasan Thabit ibn Qurra ibn Marwan al-Sabi al-Harrani, (826 – February 18, 901) was an Arab astronomer and mathematician. ...
T Was an important Islamic mathematician who worked on number theory, astronomy and statics. Abul Hasan Thabit ibn Qurra ibn Marwan al-Sabi al-Harrani, (826 – February 18, 901) was an Arab astronomer and mathematician. ...
He served as a secretary for the ruler of Granada, and later as vizier and physician for Abu Yaqub Yusuf, ruler of Islamic Spain (Al-Andalus) under the Almohad dynasty. He was the author of Hayy ibn Yaqthan (Arabic: حي بن يقظان ) a philosophical romance and allegorical tale of a man who lives alone on an island and who, without contact with other human beings, discovers the truth by reasonable thinking, and then his shock upon contact with human society's dogmatism and other ills. Ibn Tufail (c. ...
Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). ...
U - Al-Umawi (1400, Spain - 1489, Damascus, Syria)
Mathematician who wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic. - Al-Uqlidisi (920, Damascus, Syria - 980, Damascus, Syria)
Wrote two works on arithmetic. He amy have anticipated the invention of decimals. Abul Hasan Ahmad ibn Ibrahim Al-Uqlidisi was an Arab mathematician, possibly from Damascus He wrote the earliest surviving book on the Hindu place-value system, known in the west as Arabic numerals, around 952. ...
V
W
X
Y He was known for his astronomical observations and for his many trigonometrical and astronomical tables. Ibn Yunus (950?-1009) was an important Arab astronomer, whose astronomical works are noted for being ahead of their time, having been based on almost modern-like meticulous calculations and attention to detail. ...
Z - Al-Zahrawi (936, cordoba,Spain - 1013, cordoba,Spain)
Was Islam's greatest medieval surgeon and the , whose comprehensive medical texts, combining Middle Eastern and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the Renaissance. He is consdierd the Father Of Surgery. His greatest contribution to history is Al-Tasrif, a thirty-volume collection of medical practice. Abu al-Qasim (936 - 1013), (Arabic: أبو القاسم) also known as Abul Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas al-Zahrawi known in the West as Abulcasis, is medieval Islams most prominent scholar of medicine. ...
- Ibn Zuhr (1091, Seville, Spain - 1161, Seville, Spain)
Was one of the most prominent physicians, clinicians and parasitologist of the Middle Ages. He was the first to test different medicines on animals before using them with humans. Also, he was the first to describe in detail scabies, the itch mite, and is thus regarded as the first ,parasitologist. He was a practical man and disliked medical speculations. For that reason, he opposed the teachings of Ibn Sina. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar, Abumeron, ibn-Zohr) (1090? - 1162) was an Arab (Spanish-born) physician. ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
See also Photo taken from medieval manuscript by Qotbeddin Shirazi. ...
Islamic science has been an important part of the History of science and the present day. ...
|
Feeds |
Contact