Photo taken from medieval manuscript by Qotbeddin Shirazi. The image depicts an epicyclic planetary model.

Download high resolution version (500x683, 94 KB)Picture taken by Zereshk from old manuscript of Qotbeddin Shirazis treatise. ... Download high resolution version (500x683, 94 KB)Picture taken by Zereshk from old manuscript of Qotbeddin Shirazis treatise. ...

Classical (pre-modern) Era

The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scientists and engineers that lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age.

In some cases, their exact ancestry is unclear. By "Iranian", all the peoples of historic Persia are meant, i.e. what is today Iran, Afghanistan, and all the countries of Central Asia ("common modern definition") that were historically part of the Persian empire and populated by Iranian tribes with Iranian or Persianate culture. For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the old Persian homeland, and beyond in Western Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. ... Persianate societies are those whose linguistic, material, and artistic cultural activities derives from the Persian language and culture. ...

Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

• Abdol-Hamid, founder of Arabic prose along with the fellow Persian Ibn Muqaffa.
• Abdolrahman, Sheikh Muhammad, physician.
• Abhari, mathematician.
• Abu Nasr e Mansur, mathematician.
• Abu Wafa Buzjani, mathematician.
• Azod al-Dowleh, prominent scientific patron
• Ahmad ibn Farrokh, physician.
• Ahmad Ibn Imad ul-din, physician and chemist.
• Ala'eddin, constructed the Counterweight Trebuchet for Kubilai. He was thus honoured in the official history of China's Yuan Dynasty. (p119)
• Alavi Shirazi, royal physician to India.
• Al-Ghazali
• Alhazen, or Ebne Heisam in Persian.
• Al-Qumri, a Persian physician.
• Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud, physician.
• An Shihkao
• Aqa-Kermani, physician.
• Aqsara'i, physician.
• Arzani, Muqim, physician.
• Astarabadi, physician.
• Aufi, Muhammad, scientist and historian
• Avicenna (Ibn Sina), physician, philosopher
• Azophi, a.k.a. Abdorrahman Sufi, astronomer from Ray that invented the meridian ring.

Abdullah Ibn Dhadawayh, also known as Ibn al-Muqaffa (d. ... Ali ibn Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman was a prominent Persian physician who is thought to have lived in the 17th century. ... Athir al-Din Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Abhari (1200 - 1265), was a Persian philosopher and mathematician from Abhar, Zanjan, Iran. ... Abu Nasr Mansur ibn Ali ibn Iraq (c. ... Abul Wafa Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Yahya Ibn Ismail Buzjani (940 – 997 or 998) was a Persian mathematician and astronomer. ... Adud al-Dowleh was an Emir of the Buwayhid dynasty in Iran. ... Ahmad ibn Farrukh, also written Ahmad-i Farrokh, was a 12th century Persian physician. ... Ahmad ibn Imad al-din, was a Persian physician and alchemist. ... Kublai Khan or Khubilai Khan (1215 - 1294), Mongol military leader, was Khan (1260-1294) of the Mongol Empire and founder and first Emperor (1279-1294) of the Yuan Dynasty. ... The four successor Khanates of the Mongol Empire: Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty), Golden Horde, Il-Khanate and Chagatai Khanate The Yuan Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: Yuáncháo; Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus), lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming... Hakim Muhammad Hashim ibn Hakim Muhammad Hadi Qalandar ibn Muzaffar al-Din ‘Alavi Shirazi (1670 - 1747), with the royal title Alavi Khan Nawwab Mu‘tamad al-Muluk, was a royal Persian physician of the 18th century. ... Haruniyah stucture in Tus, named after Harun al-Rashid, the mausoleum of Al-Ghazali is expected to be situated on the entrance of this monument Abu Hāmed Mohammad ibn Mohammad al-GhazzālÄ« (1058-1111) (Persian: ‎), known as Algazel to the western medieval world, born and died in Tus... Alhazen Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham (also: Ibn al Haitham) (965-1040) (Arabic: أبو علي الحسن بن الهيثم) was an Arab Muslim mathematician; he is sometimes called al-Basri (Arabic: البصري), after his birthplace Basra, Arab Islamic Caliphate (now Iraq). ... Abu Mansur al-Hasan ibn Nuh al-Qumri (Arabic: أبو منصور الحسن بن نوح القمري) was a Persian physician of the 10th century who lived in Khorasan. ... Muhammad ibn Mahmud al-Amuli was a medieval Persian physician from Mazandaran, Iran. ... An Shihkao was a translator of Buddhist texts into Chinese, and a Parthian of royal lineage. ... Muhammad Aqa-Kermani also written Aqkirmani was an 18th century Persian physician from Kerman, Iran. ... Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Muhammad Aqsarai, also written al-Aqsarai, was a 14th century Persian physician. ... Muhammad Akbar ibn Mir Hajji Muhammad Muqim Arzani was a physician from Persia. ... Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Ali al-Astarabadi was a 15th century Persian physician from Astarabad, Golestan, Iran. ... Sadiduddin Muhammad Aufi (سدید الدین محمد عوفی) (1171-1242) was a Persian historian, scientist, and author. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Al Sufi from The Depiction of Celestial Constellations Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (December 7, 903 – May 25, 986) was a Persian astronomer also known as Abd ar-Rahman as-Sufi, or Abd al-Rahman Abu al-Husain, and known in the west as Azophi. ... Ray, is one of the oldest cities of Iran. ...

B

• Bahai, Sheikh
• Bal'ami, Samanid era scholar
• Balkhi, a.k.a. Albumasar, mathematician
• Balkhi, Ibn Sahl, geographer and mathematician
• Balkhi, Ibn, author of the 12th century book Fars Nama (فارس نامه)
• Barmak, Khaled, Bhuddist from Khorasan in the court of al-Mansur, initiated the Greek translation movement of the Abbasid House of Wisdom
• Bukhtishu, Persian Christian physicians of Academy of Gundishapur
• Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn, physician
• Bukhtishu, Gabriel ibn, physician
• Bukhtishu, Yuhanna, physician
• Burzoe, a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur
• Biruni, astronomer and mathematician

Muhammad ibn Thalib ibn Abd Allah ibn Ni‘mat Allah ibn Sadr al-Din ibn Shaykh Baha al-Din al-Shirazi was a 15th century physician from Shiraz, Persia. ... The Samanids (875-999) (in Persian: Samanian) were a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and eastern Iran, named after its founder Saman Khoda. ... Jafar ibn Muhammad Abu Mashar al-Balkhi (787 - 886) was a Persian astronomer and mathematician from Balkh, in todays Afghanistan. ... Jafar ibn Muhammad Abu Mashar al-Balkhi (787 - 886) was a Persian astronomer and mathematician from Balkh, in todays Afghanistan. ... Abu Zaid Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi was a Persian mathematician who lived in the 10th century. ... Khalid ibn Barmak (705-782) was a member of the powerful persian Barmakids family. ... pooperson he was the first bisexual man to have a heshe baby This article is abliph Al Mansur of Baghdad. ... Abbasid Caliphate (Abbasid Khalifat) and contemporary states and empires in 820. ... The House of Wisdom (Arabic بيت الحكمة Bayt al-Hikma) was a library and translation institute in Abbassid-era Baghdad. ... Bakhtshooa Gondishapoori (also spelled Bukhtishu in many a literature) were a family of Nestorian Christian Persian physicians from the 7th, 8th, and 9th centuries. ... The Academy of Gundishapur (in Persian: ‎) was a renowned center of learning in the city of Gundeshapur during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid empire. ... Abu Said Ubaid Allah ibn Bakhtyashu, also spelled Bukhtishu, Bukhtyashu, and Bakhtshooa in many texts, was an 11th century Persian physician, descendant of the great Bakhtshooa Gondishapoori. ... Jabril ibn Bukhtishu, also written as Bakhtyshu, was a 8-9th century physician from the famous family of Persian Christian physicians from the Academy of Gundishapur. ... Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu (Johannes Bukhtishu) was a 9th century physician from Khuzestan, Persia. ... Burzoe (Bozorgmehr or Borzoyeh) is a famous Iranian man of learning and politician who lived and worked in the Sassanid Empire of Persia in the sixth century. ... The Academy of Gundishapur (in Persian: ‎) was a renowned center of learning in the city of Gundeshapur during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid empire. ... Biruni commemorated on a Soviet stamp for his millennial anniversary. ...

E

• Esfarayeni, physician

Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad Asfarani, also written Esfarayeni, known as Abu Bakr was a Persian physician from Esfarayen, North Khorasan, Iran. ...

F

• Farabi, (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher
• Farghani, a.k.a. Alfraganus, astronomer
• Farsi, mathematician
• Fazari, Ibrahim
• Fazari, Mohammad

Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan ibn Uzalagh al-Farabi (870–950 A.D.), also known in the West as Alpharabus, Alfarabi, or Farabi, was a Persian-Turkish (Encyclopedia Britannica) philosopher and scientist and one of the greatest scientists and philosophers of his time. ... Abul-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani known as Alfraganus in the West, was a Persian astronomer and one of the famous astronomers in ninth century. ... Kamal al-Din Abul Hasan Muhammad Al-Farisi (in Persian: كمال الدين ابوالحسن محمد الفارسي) (1260 - 1320) was a prominent Persian mathematician and physicist. ... Abu Ishaq Ibrahlm ibn Habib ibn Sulaiman ibn Samura ibn Jundab al-Fazari was an 8th century Persian mathematician and astronomer at the Abbasid court of the Caliph Harun al-Rashid. ... Abu abdallah Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Fazari was a Persian philosopher and mathematician. ...

G

• Geber; Jaber ibn Hayan, chemist
• Gardezi, Abu Said, geographer and historian
• Ghazzali (Algazel), philosopher
• Gilani, Hakim, royal physician
• Gorgani, Zayn al-Din Isma‘il ibn, royal physician
• Gorgani, Abu Saeed, astronomer and mathematician
• Gorgani, Rustam, physician
• Gorgani e Masihi, see Masihi Gorgani, Avicenn'a master

15th century European portrait of Geber, Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence Jabir Ibn Hayyan , full name Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan Al-Azdi (أبو موسى جابر بن حيان الأزدي), born c. ... Abu SaÄ«d Abdul Hay bin Dhahhak GardÄ“zÄ« (died c. ... Haruniyah stucture in Tus, named after Harun al-Rashid, the mausoleum of Al-Ghazali is expected to be situated on the entrance of this monument Abu Hāmed Mohammad ibn Mohammad al-GhazzālÄ« (1058-1111) (Persian: ‎), known as Algazel to the western medieval world, born and died in Tus... Hakim ‘Ali ibn Kamal al-Din Muhammad al-Jilani was a 16th century Persian royal physician from Gilan, Iran. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Abu Said al-Darir al-Jurajani, also spelled Gorgani, was a ninth century Persian mathematician and astronomer from Gorgan, Iran. ... Rustam Jurjani was a mid-16th century Persian physician who lived in India. ... Abu Sahl Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi al-Jurjani, was a Christian physician, from Jurjan (Jorjan or Gorgan), east of the Caspian Sea, in Iran. ...

H

• Hajji Zayn al-Attar, physician
• Hakim Ghulam Imam, physician
• Hakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi, physician
• Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan, physician
• Hallaj, Mystic-philosopher
• Haly Abbas, prominent physician
• Hamadani, Rashid al-Din, historian
• Hamadani, Ali, physician
• Harawi, Abolfadl, astronomer of Buyid dynasty
• Harawi, Muwaffak: See Al-Muwaffak, pharmacologist
• Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf, physician
• Hasani, Qavameddin, physician
• Hayyan, Jabir ibn, one of the most notable islamis chemists

Ali ibn Husayn Ansari Shirazi, known as Hajji Zayn al-‘Attar, was a 14th century Persian physician. ... Hakim Ghulam Imam was a Persian physician, whose dates are uncertain. ... Muhammad Mehdi ibn Ali Naqi was an early 18th century Persian physician from Isfahan. ... Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan was a Shia physician of some importance at end of 18th century from Persia. ... Al-Hallaj (c. ... Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi, also known as the Magian, was a famous Persian physician. ... Rashid al-Din Tabib also Rashid ad-Din Fadhlullah Hamadani (1247 - 1318), was a Persian physician, writer and historian, who wrote an enormous Islamic history volume, the Jami al-Tawarikh, in the Persian language. ... Sayyid ‘Ali Hamadani was a Persian physician who lived before 1546CE and was from Hamadan. ... Abolfadl Harawi, was a 10th century astronomer from Ray, Persia who, along with al-Khujandi, studied under the patronage of the Buyid dynasty. ... Abu Mansur Muwaffak ibn Ali al-Harawi was a 10th century Persian physician. ... Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Harawi was a Persian late 15th century physician from Herat, now part of Afghanistan. ... Qiwam al-Din Muhammad al-Hasani was a Persian physician of the late 17th century. ... Jabir ibn Hayyan Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan (Arabic: جابر بن حيان) (c. ...

I

• Ibn Abi Sadiq, "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple
• Ibn Haytham, physicist
• Ibn Khaseb, physician
• Ibn Khordadbeh, geographer
• Ibn Rustah
• Ilaqi, Yusef, Avicenna's pupil
• Ilyas, Yusef ibn, physician
• Isfahani Abol-fath, mathematician
• Ibn Sina, (Avicenna), Philosopher and Physician
• Isfahani, Jalaleddin, physician
• Isfahani, Husayn, physician
• Istakhri, geographer, gives the earliest known account of windmills

Ibn Abi Sadiq, Abu al-Qasim ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Ali was an 11th century Persian physician from Nishapur, Iran. ... Alhazen Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham (also: Ibn al Haitham) (965-1040) (Arabic: أبو علي الحسن بن الهيثم) was an Arab Muslim mathematician; he is sometimes called al-Basri (Arabic: البصري), after his birthplace Basra, Arab Islamic Caliphate (now Iraq). ... Abu Bakr al-Hassan ibn al-Khasib, also al-Khaseb, Albubather in Latin, was a Persian physician and astrologer of the 9th century. ... Abul Qasim UbaidAllah ibn Khordadbeh (c. ... Ibn Rustah (in Persian: ابن رسته) was a 10th century Persian explorer and geographer born in Rosta district, Isfahan, Persia (See Encyclopaedia Iranica [1]). He wrote a geographical compendium. ... Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Ilaqi was an eleventh century Persian physician from Khorasan. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn Ilyas was a 14th century Persian physician from Shiraz. ... Abu-l-Fath Mahmud ibn Mohammed ibn Qasim ibn Fadl al-Isfahani was a 10th century Persian mathematician. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Jalal al-Din Muhammad al-Isfahani, was a 19th century Persian physician from Isfahan. ... Ghiyath al-Din ‘Ali ibn Amirin al-Husayni al-Isfahani was a 15th century Persian physician and scientist from Isfahan, Iran. ... A map by Istakhri from the text Al-aqalim. ... A Dutch tower windmill surrounded by tulips A windmill is an engine powered by the wind to produce energy, often contained in a large building as in traditional post mills, smock mills and tower mills. ...

J

• Jaghmini, physician
• Jaldaki, physician
• Jarrah vizier from Khorasan
• Juvayni, historian
• Juzjani, Abu Ubaid, physician

• Jamasb, philosopher

Mahmud ibn Umar Jaghmini, was a 14th century Persian physician. ... Izz al-Din Aydamir al-Jaldaki, also written al-Jildaki, was a 14th century Persian physician and alchemist from Khorasan. ... Khorasan (Persian: خراسان) (also transcribed as Khurasan and Khorassan; Horasan in Turkish) is a region located in eastern Iran. ... Alaiddin Ata-ul-Mulk Juvayni (1226 - 1283) was a Persian historian who wrote the famous Tarikh-i-Jehan Ghusha (finished in 1259CE). ... Abu Ubaid al-Juzjani was a Persian physician from Juzjan in Afghanistan. ...

K

• Karaji, mathematician
• Kashani (Kashi), mathematician
• Kazerouni, Masoud, physician
• Kermani, Iwad, physician
• Khazeni, Abu Jafar, mathematician
• Khazeni, Abolfath, physicist
• Khayyám, Omar, poet, mathematician, and astronomer
• Khorasani, Sultan Ali, physician
• Khorshidi, Shahram, M.D.,Physician, NMC. University Of California at San Francisco School of Medicine(UCSF).
• Khujandi, mathematician and astronomer
• Khwarizmi (aka Al-Khwarazmi) creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer
• Kushyar ibn Labban, mathematician, Nasavi's master
• Kuhi, Rostam, mathematician
• Kubra, Najmeddin

Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn al-Husayn Al-Karaji (953 - 1029), also known as Al-karkhi was a Persian mathematician and engineer. ... Kashani, dubbed, the Second Ptolemy, was an outstanding Persian mathematician of the middle ages. ... Sadid al-Din Muhammad ibn Mas‘ud Kazerouni was a 14th century Persian physician from Kazeroon, Fars, Iran. ... Burhan al-Din Nafis ibn ‘Iwad al-Kirmani was a 15th century Persian physician from Kerman. ... Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn al-Hasan Al-Khazini (900 - 971), was a Persian astronomer and mathematician from Khorasan. ... Abol-fath al-Khazeni, was a 12th century Persian physicist and engineer from Khorasan. ... Ghiyās ol-DÄ«n Abol-Fath Omār Ibn EbrāhÄ«m Khayyām NeyshābÅ«rÄ«, (Persian: غیاث الدین ابو الفتح عمر بن ابراهیم خیام نیشابوری, born: May 18, 1048 in Nishapur, Iran (Persia) – died: December 4, 1131), was a Persian poet, mathematician, philosopher and astronomer. ... Sultan Ali Khorasani was a 16th century Persian physician from Khorasan, Iran. ... Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khidr Al-Khujandi was a Persian astronomer who lived in the late 10th century and helped build an observatory near in what is now Ray, Iran near Tehran. ... Soviet postage stamp commemorating the 1200th anniversary of Muhammad al‑Khwarizmi in 1983. ... In mathematics, computing, linguistics, and related disciplines, an algorithm is a finite list of well-defined instructions for accomplishing some task that, given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. ... Algebra is a branch of mathematics concerning the study of structure, relation and quantity. ... Abu-l-Hasan Kushayr ibn Labban ibn Bashahri al-Jili (971 - 1029), was a Persian mathematician, geographer, and astronomer from Jilan, a. ... Abu lHasan Ali ibn Ahmad Al-Nasawi, also spelled Nasavi, (1010 - 1075), was a Persian mathematician from Khurasan, Iran. ... Abu Sahl Wijan (or Waijan) ibn Rustam al-Kuhi (also al-Quhi), was a Persian mathematician and astronomer. ... Sheikh Najmeddin Kubra was a 13th century famous Persian Sufi from Khwarezmia and was the founder of the Kubrawiya Sufi order. ...

M

• Mahani, mathematician
• Mohammad, Baqer Al-Majlisi, historian, theologian, jurist and expert in narrative sciences
• Muhammad Baqir Yazdi In the 17th century, He gave the pair of amicable numbers 9,363,584 and 9,437,056.
• Majusi, Ibn Abbas, physician
• Marvazi, astronomer and mathematician
• Marvazi, Abu Taher, philosopher
• Masawaiyh or Masuya
• Mashallah, of Jewish origins, from Khorasan who designed the city of Baghdad based on Firouzabad
• Masihi Gorgani, Avicenna's master
• Mirza Ali Hakim, physician
• Miskawayh, philosopher
• Mostowfi Qazvini, geographer
• Mohammad Mansouryar
• Mozaffar ibn Ismail of Herat, physicist and original author of Khazeni's Balance of Wisdom
• Mullasadra, philosopher
• Muqaffa, Ibn, founder of Arabic prose along with Abdol-Hamid.
• bin Musa, Hasan, astronomer
• bin Musa, Ahmad, astronomer
• bin Musa, Muhammad, astronomer
• Muwaffaq, Abu mansur, pharmacologist

Abu Abdallah Mohammed ibn Isa al-Mahani, was a Persian mathematician and astronomer from Mahan, Kerman, Persia. ... Muhammad Baqir Yazdi is an Iranian mathematician living 16th century. ... Amicable numbers are two numbers so related that the sum of the proper divisors of the one is equal to the other, unity being considered as a proper divisor but not the number itself. ... Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi, that is, the Magian, was a famous Persian physician. ... Ahmad ibn Abdallah Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi was a Persian astronomer and mathematician from Merv in Khorasan, Persia. ... Qotb al-Zaman Muhammad Abu Tahir Marwazi was a 12th century prominent Persian philosopher from Khwarezmia. ... Yuhanna ibn Masawaih, also written Ibn Masawaih, Masawaiyh, and in latin Mesue, Masuya, Mesue Major, Msuya, and Mesue the Elder was an Assyrian physician [1] from the Academy of Gundishapur. ... An engraving by Albrecht Dürer, from the title page of the De scientia motus orbis (Latin version with engraving, 1504). ... Khorasan (Persian: خراسان) (also transcribed as Khurasan and Khorassan; Horasan in Turkish) is a region located in eastern Iran. ... Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... Map of Iran and surrounding countries, showing location of Firouzabad. ... Abu Sahl Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi al-Jurjani, was a Christian physician, from Jurjan (Jorjan or Gorgan), east of the Caspian Sea, in Iran. ... Mirza Ali was a Persian physician that lived in the seventeenth century. ... Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Miskawayh, (ابن مسكوويه) also known as Ibn Miskawayh (932-1030) was a prominent Persian philosopher, scientist, poet and historian from Ray, Iran. ... Tomb of Hamdollah Mostowfi, Qazvin, Iran. ... Mohammad Mansouryar (born November 22, 1983, Karaj) is an Iranian theorist. ... Herāt (Persian: ‎ ) is a city in western Afghanistan, in the province also known as Herāt. ... Abol-fath al-Khazeni, was a 12th century Persian physicist and engineer from Khorasan. ... MollaSadra, Irans greatest philosopher, responsible for the intellectual rennaissance movement of Iran in the 17th century. ... Abdullah Ibn Dhadawayh, also known as Ibn al-Muqaffa (d. ... al-Hasan ibn Musa ibn Shakir Banu Musa, also Bani Musa, (810–873), (Arabic: الحسن بن موسى بن شاكر ) was a 9th century Persian mathematician and astronomer who lived in Baghdad. ... Ahmed ibn Musa ibn Shakir Banu Musa, also Bani Musa, (805 - 873), was a 9th century Persian mathematician from Baghdad, the middle of the Banu Musa brothers. ... Ǧa‘far Muḥammad ibn Mūsā ibn Šākir (800 - 873), was a 9th century Persian mathematician and astronomer from Baghdad, the eldest of the Banu Musa brothers. ... Abu Mansur Muwaffak ibn Ali al-Harawi was a 10th century Persian physician. ...

N

• Nagawri, physician
• Nahavandi, Benjamin, Jewish scholar
• Nahavandi, Ahmad, astronomer
• Nakhshabi, physician
• Nasavi, mathematician
• Natili Tabari, physician
• Naubakht, Zoroastrian designer of the city of Baghdad
• Naubakht, Fadhl ibn
• Nayrizi, mathematician
• Naqshband, Baha ud-Din, philosopher
• Neishaburi, physician
• Nurbakhshi, physician

Shahab al-Din ibn ‘Abd al-Karim Qivam al-Nagawri was a 14th century Persian physician. ... Benjamin Nahawandi or Benjamin ben Moses or Benyamin ben Moshe al-Nahawendi was one of the greatest of the Karaite scholars of the early Middle Ages. ... Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Nahavandi was a Persian astronomer of the 7th and 8th centuries. ... Ziya al-Din Nakhshabi was an 18th century Persian physician living in India. ... Abu lHasan Ali ibn Ahmad Al-Nasawi (Arabic: أبو الحسن علي بن أحمد النسوي), also spelled Nasavi, (1010 - 1075), was a Persian mathematician from Khurasan, now Afghanistan and Iran. ... Al Husain ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Hasan ibn Khurshid al-Tabari al-Natili, was a Persian physician from Tabaristan. ... Nobakht Ahvazi (also spelled Naubakht in many a literature) and his sons were Astronomers from Ahvaz in Persia. ... Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... Al-fadl ibn Naubakht, (also written Nowbakht), was an 8th century Persian scholar at the court of the Caliph Harun al-Rashid. ... Abu-l-Abbas al-Fadl ibn Hatim al-Nairizi, Latin name: Anaritius, was a 9-10th century Persian mathematician and astronomer from Nayriz, a town near Shiraz, Fars, Iran. ... Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari (1318 - 1389) was the founder of what would become one of the largest and most influencial Sufi Muslim orders, the Naqshbandi. ... Abu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishaburi was a Persian physician from Khorasan who lived before 1750CE. His name indicates he was from Nishapur. ... Baha al-Dawlah ibn Siraj al-Din Shah Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Husayni Nurbakhshi (also sometimes called Nuri rather than Nurbakhshi), was a 15-16th century Persian physician. ...

P

• Paul the Persian, philosopher

Paul the Persian was a sixth century Nestorian philosopher from Dershahr, Persia. ...

Q

• Qazi Zadeh, prominent Turkish born mathematician
• Qazwini, Zakariya, physician.

Qadi Zada al-Rumi (1364 - 1436) (also written as Kadi zada) and (Qazi Zadeh in Persian pronounciation) was a prominent Turkish born mathematician who lived in Persia during the late 14th century and early 15th century. ... Zakariya ibn Muhammad al-Qazwini ( died 1283 CE), was a Persian physician from Qazvin. ...

R

• Razi, Amin, geographer
• Razi, Fakhreddin, philosopher
• Razi, Zakariya (Rhazes), chemist and physicist, discoverer of Alcohol
• Razi, Najmeddin
• Rumi, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad
• Rashid al-Din, Physician and politician

Amin Razi (Amīn Rāzī) 16th century persian geographer, author of an encyclopedia called haft iqlīm (seven climes) Categories: Stub ... Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1209) was a well-known Persian theologian and philosopher from Ray. ... Rhazes-Treating a Patient (artist unknown) Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (born in Rayy, Iran, 864; died in Baghdad, Iraq, 930 AD) was a versatile Persian philosopher (hakim), who made fundamental and lasting contributions to the fields of medicine, chemistry (alchemy) and philosophy. ... Sheikh abdollah ibn Muhammad Najmeddin Razi was a 13th century famous Persian Sufi from Khwarezmia. ... Mawlānā Jalāl-ad-DÄ«n Muhammad RÅ«mÄ«[2] (Persian: , Turkish: Mevlânâ Celâleddin Mehmed Rumi) , also known as Mawlānā Jalāl-ad-DÄ«n Muhammad BalkhÄ« (Persian: ), but known to the English-speaking world simply as Rumi, (September 30, 1207–December 17, 1273), was a... Rashid al-Din Tabib also Rashid ad-Din Fadhlullah Hamadani (1247 - 1318), was a Persian physician, writer and historian, who wrote an enormous Islamic history volume, the Jami al-Tawarikh, in the Persian language. ...

S

• Ardeshir Sepahsalar, philosopher.
• Saghani Ostorlabi, astronomer.
• Sahl, Fadl ibn
• Sahl, Shapur ibn, physician.
• Samarqandi, Najibeddin, physician.
• Samarqandi, Ashraf, mathematician, astronomer.
• Sarakhsi, Ahmad tayyeb, Famous physician of Academy of Gundishapur d900.
• Shahrazuri, philosopher and physician.
• Shirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'ud, physician.
• Shirazi, Muhammad Hadi Khorasani, physician.
• Shirazi, Qutbeddin, astronomer.
• Shirazi, Mahmud ibn Ilyas, physician.
• Shirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas, physician.
• Shirazi, Qurayshi, physician.
• Sijzi, mathematician.
• Sijzi, Mas'ud, physician.
• Soleiman ibn Hasan, physician.
• Sufi, Abdol-rahman: see Azophi.
• Suhrawardi, Shahab al-Din , philosopher.

Ardeshir Sepahsalar is a Persian American Philosopher and the editor-in-chief of Critical Tolerance. ... Abu Hamid Ahmed ibn Mohammed al-Saghani al-Asturlabi, i. ... Fadl ibn Sahl Dhul-riyasatein Sarakhsi (فضل بن سهل ذوالرياستين سرخسی) was a famous Persian vizier of the Abbasid era in Khorasan, who served under Al-Mamun. ... Shapur ibn Sahl, also written Sabur ibn Sahl, was a 9th century Persian Christain physician from the Academy of Gundishapur. ... Najib al-Din Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Umar al-Samarqandi was a 13th century Persian physician from Samarkand. ... Shams al-din Muhammad ibn Ashraf al-Husayni al-Samarqandi (1250-1310) was a 13th century astronomer and mathematician from Samarkand. ... The Academy of Gundishapur (in Persian: ‎) was a renowned center of learning in the city of Gundeshapur during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid empire. ... Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Mahmud Shahrazuri was a 13th century Persian physician and philosopher. ... Imad al-Din Mahmud ibn Mas‘ud Shirazi was a mid 16th century Persian physician from Shiraz, Iran. ... Muhammad Hussayn ibn Muhammad Hadi al-‘Aqili al-‘Alavi al-Khurasani al-Shirazi was a Persian physician from the 18th century from Shiraz. ... Photo taken from medieval manuscript by Qotbeddin Shirazi. ... Mahmud ibn Ilyas Shirazi was an authoritative Persian physician who lived before the 1700s and was from Shiraz. ... Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi, was a Persian physician from Shiraz in Persia. ... Nur al-Din Muhammad Abd-Allah ibn Hakim ‘Ayn al-Mulk Qurayshi Shirazi was a mid 17th century Persian physician from Shiraz, Fars. ... Abu Said Ahmed ibn Mohammed ibn Abd al-Jalil al-Sijzi (short for al-Sijistani) was a Persian mathematician. ... Mas‘ud ibn Muhammad Sijzi was a Persian physician who lived before 1334CE in eastern Iran. ... Sulayman ibn Muhammad Karim ibn Muhammad Wali ibn Himmat ibn Isa ibn Hasan was a Persian physician who lived before 1709CE. Virtually nothing is known of this author except that he composed a Persian treatise on simple and compound remedies that was written sometime before 1709 when one copy preserved... Al Sufi from The Depiction of Celestial Constellations Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (December 7, 903 – May 25, 986) was a Persian astronomer also known as Abd ar-Rahman as-Sufi, or Abd al-Rahman Abu al-Husain, and known in the west as Azophi. ... Shahab al-Din Yahya as-Suhrawardi (from the Arabicشهاب الدين يحيى سهروردى, also known as Sohrevardi) (born 1153 in North-West-Iran; died 1191 in Aleppo) was a persian philosopher and Sufi, founder of School of Illumination, one of the most important islamic doctrine in Philosophy. ...

T

• Tabari, prominent historian.
• Tabari, Natili: See Al-Natili
• Tabari, Abul Hasan, physician.
• Tabari, Ibn Sahl, Jewish convert physician. Master of Rhazes.
• Tabrizi, Maqsud Ali, physician.
• Tahir, Abdollah ibn. A medieval governor of Khorasan. Wrote Kitab al-Quniy, discussing irrigation techniques.
• Tāriq, Yaqub ibn
• Tunakabuni, physician.
• Tughra'i, physician.
• Tusi, Nizam ol-Molk, the great vizier.
• Tusi, Nasireddin, mathematician, philosopher.
• Tusi, Muhammad ibn Mahmud ibn Ahmad, author of the famous 12th century Ajayib al-Makhluqat (عجایب المخلوقات).
• Tusi, Sharafeddin, mathematician.

Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Jarir at-Tabari (Arabic الطبري, AD 838-AD 923), was an author from Persia. ... Al Husain ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Hasan ibn Khurshid al-Tabari al-Natili, was a Persian physician from Tabaristan. ... Abu-l-Hasan Ahmed ibn Mohammed al-Tabari, was a 10th century Persian physician from Tabaristan. ... Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (ca 838 - ca 870) was a scholar physician in who produced the first encyclopedia of medicine. ... Rhazes-Treating a Patient (artist unknown) Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (born in Rayy, Iran, 864; died in Baghdad, Iraq, 930 AD) was a versatile Persian philosopher (hakim), who made fundamental and lasting contributions to the fields of medicine, chemistry (alchemy) and philosophy. ... Maqsud Ali Tabrizi was a 17th century Persian physician from Tabriz. ... Khorasan (Persian: خراسان) (also transcribed as Khurasan and Khorassan; Horasan in Turkish) is a region located in eastern Iran. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Muhammad Mumin ibn Mir Muhammad Zaman Tunakabuni was a Persian physician from the second half of the 17th century from Mazandaran. ... Muayyad al-Din Abu Isma‘il al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Tughrai was an 11th-12th century Persian physician. ... Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Tusi Nizam al-Mulk (نظام الملك، ابو علي الحسن الطوسي in Arabic; 1018 - 14 October 1092) was a celebrated Persian vizier of the Seljuk... Tusi couple from Vat. ... Sharafeddin Muzzafar-i Tusi, was a Persian mathematician of the middle ages, (1135 - 1213). ...

U

• Ulugh Beg, Timurid era astronomer.
• Urdi, Mo'ayyeduddin, astronomer who made modifications to Ptolemy's model to account for discrepancies in observations.

Ulugh Beg, here depicted on a Soviet stamp, was one of Islams greatest astronomers during the Middle Ages. ... Mu’ayyad al-Din al-’Urdi was one of the astronomers of the Maragha observatory in Persia. ...

V

• Vatvat, scholar and physician.

Amin al-Din Rashid al-Din vatvat was a 13th century Persian physician. ...

Y

• Yazdad, Ibn was a learned Persian vizier from Merv, Khorasan, of the Abbasid dynasty.
• Yumn, Nazif ibn

Merv – Persian name: مرو; formerly Alexandria and Antiochia in Margiana (Greek: Αντιόχεια η Μαργιανή) – in current-day Turkmenistan, was a major oasis-city in Central Asia, on the historical Silk Road, located near todays Mary. ... Khorasan (Persian: خراسان) (also transcribed as Khurasan and Khorassan; Horasan in Turkish) is a region located in eastern Iran. ... Nazif ibn Yumn al-Qass, was a Persian mathematician of the middle ages. ...

Z

• Zaiyat, Ibn was a learned Persian vizier from Gilan, of the Abbasid dynasty.
• Zamakhshari, scholar and geographer.
• Zarrin dast, oculist.

Guilan (گیلان in Persian) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran, during antique time known as part of Hyrcania, with a population of approximately 2 million and an area of 14,700 sq. ... Zamakhshari [Abu-1 Qasim Mahmud ibn Umar uz-Zamakhshari] (1070 (?)-1143) was a Persian learned man of medieval times. ... Abu Ruh Muhammad ibn Mansur ibn abi Abdallah ibn Mansur al-Jamani (also al-Jurjani), nicknamed zarrin-dast was an eleventh century Persian oculist. ...

Notes

• Meyerhof, Casey Wood, and Hirschberg also have recorded the names of at least 80 oculists who contributed treatises on ophthalmic subjects from the beginning of 800 CE to the full flowering of Muslim medical literature in 1300 CE, and whose names have not all appeared here.
• A better suiting word to attribute to this list would perhaps be "List of Iranian scholars" since many of the listed were not scientists per se in the modern sense of the word, but were philosophers instead. The list intends to be inclusive of all academics and practitioners.

Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine which deals with the diseases of the eye and their treatment. ...

Contemporary Era

See special page on contemporary Iranian scientists and engineers. Medieval manuscript by Qotbeddin Shirazi. ...

See also

• Islamic scholars
• List of Muslim scientists
• Modern Iranian scientists and engineers
• List of Arab scientists and scholars
• Nizamiyyah
• Academy of Gundishapur
• List of universities in Iran
• Darolfonoon
• Higher education in Iran
• Ophthalmology in medieval Islam
• Astronomy in Islam