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Encyclopedia > List of Roman legions
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This article is part of the series on: Image File history File links Rmn-military-header. ...


Military of ancient Rome (Portal)
800 BC–AD 476 The Military of ancient Rome (known to the Romans as the militia) relates to the combined military forces of Ancient Rome from the founding of the city of Rome to the end of the Western Roman Empire. ...

Structural history
Roman army (unit types and ranks,
legions, auxiliaries, generals)
Roman navy (fleets, admirals)
Campaign history
Lists of Wars and Battles
Decorations and Punishments
Technological history
Military engineering (castra,
siege engines, arches, roads)
Personal equipment
Political history
Strategy and tactics
Infantry tactics
Frontiers and fortifications (Limes,
Hadrian's Wall)

This is a list of Roman legions, including key facts about each legion. This article primarily focuses on Principate (early Empire, 30BC - 284AD) legions, for which we have substantial literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidence. The branches of the Roman military at the highest level were the Roman army and the Roman navy. ... The Roman army is the set of land-based military forces employed by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire as part of the Roman military. ... This is a list of both unit types and ranks of the Roman army from the Roman Republic to the fall of the Roman Empire. ... Auxiliaries (from Latin: auxilia = supports) formed the standing non-citizen corps of the Roman army of the Principate (30 BC - 284 AD), alongside the citizen legions. ... // Manius Acilius Glabrio -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 191 BC) -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 91) -- Titus Aebutius Helva -- Aegidius -- Lucius Aemilius Barbula -- Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir) -- Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus -- Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (praetor 56 BC) -- Flavius Aëtius -- Lucius Afranius (consul) -- Sextus Calpurnius Agricola -- Gnaeus Julius Agricola -- Flavius Antoninus -- Marcus... Roman trireme, a warship, 31 BC. Note the bank of oars (two on the hidden side), the square-rigged sails, the steering oars, the tower on deck, the ram at the prow, the ballistae and the Greek fire. ... Roman trireme, a warship, 31 BC. Note the bank of oars (two on the hidden side), the square-rigged sails, the steering oars, the tower on deck, the ram at the prow, the ballistae and the Greek fire. ... The history of ancient Rome - originally a city-state of Italy, and later an empire covering much of Eurasia and North Africa from the ninth century BC to the fifth century AD - was often closely entwined with its military history. ... The following is a List of Roman wars fought by the ancient Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, organized by date. ... The following is a List of Roman battles (fought by the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire), organized by date. ... As with most other military forces the Roman military adopted a carrot and stick approach to military, with an extensive list of decorations for military gallantry and likewise a range of punishments for the punishment of military transgressions. ... The technology history of the Roman military covers the development of and application of technologies for use in the armies and navies of Rome from the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. ... Roman military engineering is a type of Roman engineering carried out by the Roman Army - almost exclusively by the Roman legions for the furthering of military objectives. ... Basic ideal plan of a Roman castrum. ... Roman siege engines were, for the most part, adapted from Hellenistic siege technology. ... List of ancient Roman triumphal arches (By modern country) // France Orange Reims: Porte de Mars Saint Rémy de Provence: Roman site of Glanum Saintes: Arch of Germanicus Greece Arch of Galerius, Thessaloniki Hadrians Arch, Athens Italy It has been suggested that List of Roman arches in Rome be... For the one-off TV Drama, see Roman Road (TV Drama) A Roman road in Pompeii. ... Roman military personal equipment was produced in large numbers to established patterns and used in an established way. ... Root directory at Military history of ancient Rome Romes military was always tightly keyed to its political system. ... The strategy of the Roman Military encompasses its grand strategy (the arrangements made by the state to implement its political goals through a selection of military goals, a process of diplomacy backed by threat of military action, and a dedication to the military of part of its production and resources... Roman infantry tactics refers to the theoretical and historical deployment, formation and maneuvers of the Roman infantry from the start of the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. ... Map of all the territories once occupied by the Roman Empire, along with locations of limes Roman military borders and fortifications were part of a grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire. ... The limes Germanicus, 2nd century. ... // Hadrians Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of modern-day England. ... The Roman Legion (from Latin , from lego, legere, legi, lectus — to collect) is a term that can apply both as a transliteration of legio (conscription or army) to the entire Roman army and also, more narrowly (and more commonly), to the heavy infantry that was the basic military unit of... The Principate is, according to its etymological derivation from the Latin word princeps, meaning chief or first, the political regime dominated by such a political leader, whether or not he is formally head of state and/or head of government. ...


Until the first century BC, Republican legions were temporary citizen levies, raised for specific campaigns and disbanded after them. By the early first century BC, legions were mixed volunteer/conscript units. Legions became standing units, which could remain intact long after a particular campaign was finished. Large numbers of new legions were raised by rival warlords for the civil wars of the period 49-30 BC.


However, when Augustus became sole ruler in 30 BC, he disbanded about half the over 50 legions then in existence. The remaining 28 legions became the core of the early Imperial army, most lasting over three centuries. Augustus and his immediate successors transformed legions into permanent units, staffed by entirely career soldiers on standard 25-year terms. For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ...


Dominate (late Empire, 284 - 476) legions were also professional, but are little understood due to scarcer evidence than for the Principate. What is clear is that late legions were radically different in size, structure and tactical role from their predecessors, despite several retaining early period names. This was the result of the military reforms of Emperors Diocletian and Constantine I, and of further developments during the fourth century. The Dominate was the despotic last of the two phases of government in the ancient Roman Empire between its establishment in 27 BC and the formal date of the collapse of the Western Empire in AD 476. ... Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (c. ... Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[2] (27 February c. ...


Section 2 (Early Empire Legions) contains a directory of all legions which displays on a single table each legion's basic curriculum vitae: legion number and title (with link to specific wikipedia article), emblem, date founded, date dissolved, and geographical deployment at six key dates over the three centuries of the Principate. Notes from the directory give a translation of the legion's title(s) and additional details such as legionary bases, dates of deployment and other points of note. A second table re-arranges geographical deployment by province, enabling the reader to see legions deployed in the region of the reader's interest at the six key dates. ...

Contents

Late Republican legions

Until the Marian reforms of 107 BC, the Republican legions were formed by compulsory levy of Roman citizens (who met a minimum property qualification) and raised whenever it was necessary. Usually they were authorised by the Roman Senate, and were later disbanded. The Marian reforms of 107 BC were a group of military reforms initiated by Gaius Marius, a statesman and general of the Roman republic. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus Roman provinces on the eve of the assassination of Julius Caesar, c. ... The Roman Senate (Latin: Senatus) was the main governing council of both the Roman Republic, which started in 509 BC, and the Roman Empire. ...


Marius' reforms transformed legions into standing units, which could remain in being for several years, or even decades. This became necessary to garrison the Republic's now far-flung territories. Legionaries started large-scale recruiting of volunteer soldiers enlisted for a minimum term of six years and a fixed salary, although conscription was still practised. The property requirements, already much reduced, seem to have been abolished by Marius, so that the bulk of recruits were henceforth from the landless proletariat, who would be most attracted to the paid employment offered by the legions.


In the last century of the Republic, proconsuls governing frontier provinces became increasingly powerful. Their command of standing legions in distant and arduous military campaigns resulted in the allegiance of those units transferring from the Roman state to themselves. These imperatores (lit: victorious generals, from the title imperator they were hailed with by their troops) frequently fell out with each other and started civil wars to seize control of the state. e.g. Sulla, Caesar, Pompey, Crassus, Mark Antony and Octavian (later Augustus, the first Emperor himself. In this context, the imperatores raised many legions that were not authorised by the Senate, sometimes having to use their own resources (generally extorted from the provinces they controlled). As civil wars were resolved, many of these "private" units would be disbanded, only for more to be raised to fight the next civil war. By the time Augustus emerged as sole ruler in 30BC, over 50 legions were in existence, many of which were disbanded. For other uses, see Proconsul (disambiguation). ... The Latin word imperator was a title originally roughly equivalent to commander during the period of the Roman Republic. ... Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Latin: L·CORNELIVS·L·F·P·N·SVLLA·FELIX) ¹ (ca. ... Look up Caesar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Pompey, Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir [1] (Classical Latin abbreviation: CN·POMPEIVS·CN·F·SEX·N·MAGNVS[2], Gnaeus or Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus) (September 29, 106 BC–September 29, 48 BC), was a distinguished military and political leader of the late Roman republic. ... Marcus Licinius Crassus Dives (c. ... Bust of Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N[1]) ( January 14 83 BC – August 1, 30 BC), known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general. ... May refer to the persons: Augustus, Roman Emperor Pope John XIII nigger Category: ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ...


The legions included in the following list had a long enough history to be somehow remarkable. Most of them were levied by Julius Caesar and later included into Octavian's army, some of them levied by Mark Antony. For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ...

Legio I Germanica, the German legion, was a Roman legion, possibly levied in 48 BC by Julius Caesar to fight for him in the civil war against Pompey. ... Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar, Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus. ... This article is about the year 70. ... This article, Batavian rebellion, includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC 40 BC...   This article is about the year 9. ... Legio II Augusta, or Second Augustan Legion, was a Roman legion, levied by Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus in 43 BC, and still operative in Britannia in 4th century. ... Denarius minted by Mark Antony to pay his legions. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC - 30s BC - 20s BC 10s BC 0s 10s 20s Years: 41 BC 40 BC 39 BC 38 BC 37 BC 36 BC 35 BC 34 BC 33 BC 32 BC... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Bust of Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N[1]) ( January 14 83 BC – August 1, 30 BC), known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general. ... Legio III Gallica was a Roman legion levied by Julius Caesar around 49 BC, for his civil war against the conservative republicans led by Pompey. ... Consuls: Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, Gaius Claudius Marcellus Maior. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Taurus the animal Taurus is an astrological sign, which is associated with the constellation of the same name. ... Legio IV Macedonica, meaning from Macedonia, was a Roman legion levied by Julius Caesar in 48 BC with Italian legionaries. ... Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar, Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus. ... This article is about the year 70. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (born November 17, 9, died June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Taurus the animal Taurus is an astrological sign, which is associated with the constellation of the same name. ... Capricorn may refer to: The constellation Capricornus, one of the constellations of the zodiac The astrological sign Capricorn represented by this constellation The Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn is also the name of a novel by Henry Miller Capricorn, a character and villain of the Ink trilogy by Cornelia... Legio IV Scythica was a Roman legion levied by Marcus Antonius around 42 BC, for his campaign against the Parthian empire, hence the cognomen Parthica. ... Events October 3 - First Battle of Philippi: The Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesars assassins Marcus Junius Brutus and Cassius. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Bust of Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N[1]) ( January 14 83 BC – August 1, 30 BC), known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general. ... Capricorn may refer to: The constellation Capricornus, one of the constellations of the zodiac The astrological sign Capricorn represented by this constellation The Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn is also the name of a novel by Henry Miller Capricorn, a character and villain of the Ink trilogy by Cornelia... Legio V Alaudae, the larks, sometimes known as Gallica, was levied by Julius Caesar in 52 BC from native Gauls. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 57 BC 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51 BC 50 BC 49... This article is about the year 70. ... This article, Batavian rebellion, includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Genera and Species Loxodonta Loxodonta cyclotis Loxodonta africana Elephas Elephas maximus Elephas antiquus † Elephas beyeri † Elephas celebensis † Elephas cypriotes † Elephas ekorensis † Elephas falconeri † Elephas iolensis † Elephas planifrons † Elephas platycephalus † Elephas recki † Stegodon † Mammuthus † Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea... Legio VI Ferrata (Ironclad) was a Roman legion. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 57 BC 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51 BC 50 BC 49... Events Diophantus writes Arithmetica the first systematic treatise on algebra. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Taurus the animal Taurus is an astrological sign, which is associated with the constellation of the same name. ... Wolf Wolf Man Mount Wolf Wolf Prizes Wolf Spider Wolf 424 Wolf 359 Wolf Point Wolf-herring Frank Wolf Friedrich Wolf Friedrich August Wolf Hugo Wolf Johannes Wolf Julius Wolf Max Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf Maximilian Wolf Rudolf Wolf Thomas Wolf As Name Wolf Breidenbach Wolf Hirshorn Other The call... Romulus may refer to any of these articles: Romulus is a mythical founder of Rome, brother of Remus. ... Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome in Roman mythology, were the supposed sons of the god Mars and the priestess Rhea Silvia. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51 BC 50 BC 49 BC 48... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Gallienus coin, celebrating LEG VII CLA VI P VI F (Seventh legion Claudia, six times faithful, six times loyal, and bearing the bull, symbol of the legion, on the reverse. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 64 BC 63 BC 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56... Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar, Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Aureus struck in 193 by Septimius Severus to celebrate VIII Augusta, one of the legions supporting his fight for purple. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 64 BC 63 BC 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56... Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar, Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Legio VIIII Hispana (from Hispania) was a Roman legion probably levied by Julius Caesar before 58 BC, for his Gallic wars. ... Legio X Gemina, the twin legion, was levied by Julius Caesar on 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 63 BC 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 50 BC 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Legio X Gemina, the twin legion, was levied by Julius Caesar on 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 63 BC 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 50 BC 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Neptune reigns in the city of Bristol. ... Legio XI Claudia Pia Fidelis (faithful and loyal Claudian legion) was a Roman legion. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55 BC 54... This article is about the year 45. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Marcus Aemilius Lepidus was a common name for several successive generations of a family in ancient Rome: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (187 BC) Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (49 BC) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC 40 BC... Bust of Marcus Antonius Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N¹) (c. ... Legio XII Fulminata, also known as Paterna or Antiqua, was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC and accompanied him during the Gallic wars until 49 BC. They were stationed in Pharsalus in 48 BC and probably fought in the Battle of Pharsalus. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55 BC 54... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 50 BC 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC 40 BC 39 BC 38 BC... Sestertius minted in 248 by Philip the Arab to celebrate Dacia province and its legions, V Macedonica and XIII Gemina. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC - 30s BC - 20s BC 10s BC 0s 10s 20s Years: 36 BC 35 BC 34 BC 33 BC 32 BC 31 BC 30 BC 29 BC 28 BC 27 BC... Bust of Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N[1]) ( January 14 83 BC – August 1, 30 BC), known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general. ... Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar, Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC 40 BC 39 BC 38 BC... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ...

Early Empire legions

DIRECTORY OF ROMAN LEGIONS OF THE EARLY EMPIRE (units founded between 59BC and 250AD)
Legion
number & title		 Main
legionary base		 Emblem Date
founded/founder		 Date
dissolved		 30 BC:
Augustus		 14 AD:End
Augustus		 67 AD:End
J-Claudians		 96 AD:End
Flavians		 212 AD:End
S. Severus		 284 AD:End
Principate
Legio I Adiutrix[1] Szöny, Hungary Capricorn[2] 68 Nero post 444 X X X Pannonia Pannonia Pannonia
Legio I Germanica[3] Cologne, Germany Bull 48BC Caesar 70 DD[4] Hispania Germ Inf Germ Inf X X X
Legio I Italica[5] Svishtov, Bulgaria Boar 66 Nero post 400 X X Gallia Lug Moesia Inf Moesia Inf Moesia Inf
Legio I Macriana liberatrix 68 69 DD[6] X X X X X X
Legio I Minervia[7] Bonn, Germany Minerva 82 Domitian post 300 X X X Germ Inf Germ Inf Germ Inf
Legio I Parthica[8] Sinjar, Iraq Centaur 197 S. Severus post 500 X X X X Syria Syria
Legio II Adiutrix[9] Budapest, Hungary Capricorn 70 Vespasian post 269 UF[10] X X X Moesia Sup Pannonia X?
Legio II Augusta[11] Caerleon, Wales Capricorn pre 9 Augustus post 300 Hispania Germ Sup Britannia Britannia Britannia Britannia
Legio II Italica[12] Lorch, Austria She-Wolf[13] 165 Marcus Aurelius post 400 X X X X Noricum Noricum
Legio II Parthica[14] Albano Laziale, Italy Centaur 197 S. Severus post 350 X X X X Italia Italia
Legio II Traiana Fortis[15] Alexandria, Egypt Hercules 105 Trajan post 400 X X X X Aegyptus Aegyptus
Legio III Augusta[16] Batna, Algeria Pegasus 43 BC Augustus post 350 Africa Pro Africa Pro Mauretania Mauretania Mauretania Mauretania
Legio III Cyrenaica[17] Busra, Syria 36 BC Mark Antony post 400 Aegyptus Aegyptus Aegyptus Aegyptus Arabia Pet Arabia Pet
Legio III Gallica[18] Abila, Jordan Two Bulls 49BC Caesar post 300 Syria Syria Syria Syria Syria Syria
Legio III Italica[19] Regensburg, Ger Stork 165 Marcus Aurelius post 300 X X X X Raetia Raetia
Legio III Parthica[20] Ras-al-Ayn, Syria Bull 197 S. Severus post 400 X X X X Syria Syria
Legion
number & title		 Main
legionary base		 Emblem Date
founded/founder		 Date
dissolved		 30 BC
Augustus		 14 AD End
Augustus		 67 AD End
J-Claudians		 96 AD End
Flavians		 212 AD End
S. Severus		 284 AD End
Principate
Legio IV Macedonica[21] Mainz, Germany Bull[22] 48BC Caesar 70 DD[23] Hispania Hispania Germ Sup X X X
Legio IV Flavia Felix[24] Belgrade, Serbia Lion 70 Vespasian pre 400 X X X Moesia Sup Moesia Sup Moesia Sup
Legio IV Scythica[25] nr. Gaziantep, Turkey Capricorn 42BC Mark Antony post 400 Dalmatia Moesia Sup Cappadocia Cappadocia Cappadocia Cappadocia
Legio V Alaudae[26] Xanten, Germany Elephant 52BC Caesar 70 XX[27] Hispania Germ Inf Germ Inf X X X
Legio V Macedonica[28] Turda, Romania Bull 43 BC Augustus post 400 Macedonia Moesia Inf Moesia Inf Moesia Inf Dacia Moesia Inf
Legio VI Ferrata[29] Galilee, Israel She-Wolf[30] 52BC Caesar post 250 UF[31] Syria Syria Syria Cappadocia Judaea X?
Legio VI Hispana[32] post 212 post 250 UF[33] X X X X X? X
Legio VI Victrix[34] York, England Bull 41BC Augustus pre 400 Hispania Hispania Hispania Germ Inf Britannia Britannia
Legio VII Claudia[35] Kostolac, Serbia Bull 58BC Caesar c.400 Galatia Dalmatia Moesia Sup Moesia Sup Moesia Sup Moesia Sup
Legio VII Gemina[36] León, Spain 68 Galba c.400 X X X Hispania Hispania Hispania
Legio VIII Augusta[37] Strasbourg, France Bull 59BC Caesar post 371 Africa Pro Pannonia Moesia Inf Germ Sup Germ Sup Germ Sup
Legio IX Hispana[38] York, England Bull 41BC Augustus post 120 UF[39] Hispania Pannonia Britannia Britannia X X
Legio X Fretensis[40] Jerusalem Boar[41] 40BC Augustus post 400 Judaea Syria Judaea Judaea Judaea Judaea
Legio X Gemina[42] Vienna, Austria Bull 58BC Lepidus post 400 Hispania Hispania Hispania Germ Inf Pannonia Pannonia
Legio XI Claudia[43] Silistra, Bulgaria Neptune 42BC Augustus post 400 Dalmatia Dalmatia Dalmatia Germ Sup Moesia Inf Moesia Inf
Legio XII Fulminata[44] Malatya, Turkey Thunderbolt 43BC Lepidus post 400 Aegyptus Syria Syria Cappadocia Cappadocia Cappadocia
Legion
number & title		 Main
legionary base		 Emblem Date
founded/founder		 Date
dissolved		 30 BC
Augustus		 14 AD End
Augustus		 67 AD End
J-Claudians		 96 AD End
Flavians		 212 AD End
S. Severus		 284 AD End
Principate
Legio XIII Gemina[45] Alba Iulia, Romania Lion 41BC Augustus post 400 Dalmatia Germ Sup Pannonia Pannonia Dacia Moesia Inf
Legio XIV Gemina[46] Petronell, Austria Capricorn 41BC Augustus post 400 Dalmatia Germ Sup Britannia Germ Sup Noricum Noricum
Legio XV Apollinaris[47] Saddagh, Turkey Apollo[48] 41BC Augustus post 400 Dalmatia Noricum Syria Noricum Cappadocia Cappadocia
Legio XV Primigenia[49] Neuss, Germany Fortuna 39 Caligula 70 XX[50] X X Germ Inf X X X
Legio XVI Gallica[51] Mainz, Germany Lion 41BC Augustus 70 DD[52] Germ Sup Germ Sup Germ Inf X X X
Legio XVI Flavia Firma[53] Samsat, Turkey Lion 70 Vespasian post 300 X X X Cappadocia Cappadocia Cappadocia
Legio XVII[54] Xanten, Germany 41BC Augustus 9 XX[55] Aquitania? X X X X X
Legio XVIII[56] Xanten, Germany 41BC Augustus 9 XX[57] Aquitania? X X X X X
Legio XIX[58] 41BC Augustus 9 XX[59] Gallia? X X X X X
Legio XX Valeria Victrix[60] Chester, England Boar 31 BC Augustus post 250 UF[61] Hispania Germ Inf Britannia Britannia Britannia Britannia
Legio XXI Rapax[62] Vienna, Austria Capricorn 31BC Augustus 92 XX[63] Hispania Germ Inf Raetia X X X
Legio XXII Deiotariana[64] Alexandria, Egypt 48BC 132 XX[65] Galatia Aegyptus Aegyptus Aegyptus X X
Legio XXII Primigenia[66] Mainz, Germany Hercules 39 Caligula post 200 X X Germ Sup Germ Sup Germ Sup Germ Sup
Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix[67] Xanten, Germany Jupiter 105 Trajan post 400 X X X X Germ Inf Germ Inf
Table notes
Provinces of the Roman Empire at the end of Emperor Trajan's reign 117AD
Provinces of the Roman Empire at the end of Emperor Trajan's reign 117AD

Legion number & title
For the Latin pronunciation of the number and title, plus translation, see Note on each legion. Latin pronunciation stress is shown by an accent when irregular (i.e. not on the penultimate syllable): note that accents are not normally used in written Latin and are added here only to assist the reader. For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... The Julio-Claudian Dynasty refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. ... The Flavian dynasty was a series of three Roman Emperors who ruled from 69, the Year of the Four Emperors, to 96, when the last member was assassinated, starting the Nervan-Antonian dynasty. ... Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ... The Principate is, according to its etymological derivation from the Latin word princeps, meaning chief or first, the political regime dominated by such a political leader, whether or not he is formally head of state and/or head of government. ... Legio I Adiutrix (assistant), was a Roman legion formed in 68 AD, possibly by Galba under orders of Nero. ... Capricorn may refer to: The constellation Capricornus, one of the constellations of the zodiac The astrological sign Capricorn represented by this constellation The Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn is also the name of a novel by Henry Miller Capricorn, a character and villain of the Ink trilogy by Cornelia... For other uses, see Nero (disambiguation). ... Legio I Germanica, the German legion, was a Roman legion, possibly levied in 48 BC by Julius Caesar to fight for him in the civil war against Pompey. ... Look up Caesar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Legio I Italica (the Italian legion) was a Roman legion levied by emperor Nero on September 22, 66 AD (the date is attested by an inscription), for a campaign in Armenia that never took place. ... For other uses, see Nero (disambiguation). ... Legio I Macriana liberatrix (the liberators of Macer) was a Roman legion levied in Africa by the governor Lucius Clodius Macer in 68 AD. The purpose of the legion was to join forces with Legio III Augusta in a rebellion against emperor Nero. ... Legio I Minervia was a Roman legion levied by emperor Domitian in 82 AD, for the campaign against the Germanic tribe of the Chatti. ... Head of Minerva by Elihu Vedder, 1896 For other uses, see Minerva (disambiguation). ... Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor of the gens Flavia. ... Legio I Parthica, as well as II and III Parthica, were Roman legions levied in 197 by the emperor Lucius Septimius Severus, for the campaigns against Parthia. ... In Greek mythology, the Centaurs (Greek: Κένταυροι) are a race of creatures composed of part human and part horse. ... Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ... Legio II Adiutrix Pia Fidelis (supporter, faithful and loyal), was a Roman legion levied by emperor Vespasian on 70 AD, from Roman navy marines in Ravenna. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (born November 17, 9, died June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... Legio II Augusta, or Second Augustan Legion, was a Roman legion, levied by Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus in 43 BC, and still operative in Britannia in 4th century. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio II Italica, meaning from Italy, was a Roman legion levied by emperor Marcus Aurelius in 165 AD together with Legio I Italica at a time when the Roman Empire was fighting both in Germania and in Parthia. ... Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (April 26, 121[1] – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death. ... Legio II Parthica was a Roman legion levied by Emperor Septimius Severus in 197, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the cognomen Parthica. ... Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ... Legio II Traiana Fortis, Trajans strong legion, was a Roman legion levied by emperor Trajan in 105 AD, along with Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix, for the campaigns in Dacia. ... Hercules and the Nemean Lion (detail), silver plate, 6th century BC (Cabinet des Médailles, Paris). ... This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... Legio III Augusta was a Roman legion levied by Augustus in 43 BC. Activity of this legion in the African Roman provinces, its principal theatre of operations, is still mentioned in late 4th century, early 5th century. ... Pegasus and Bellerophon, Attic red-figure Pegasus and Bellerophon, from Mabie, Hamilton Wright (Ed. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Denarius minted by Mark Antony to pay his legions. ... Bust of Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N[1]) ( January 14 83 BC – August 1, 30 BC), known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general. ... Legio III Gallica was a Roman legion levied by Julius Caesar around 49 BC, for his civil war against the conservative republicans led by Pompey. ... Look up Caesar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Legio III Italica was a Roman legion levied by Marcus Aurelius around 165, for his campaign against the Marcomanni tribe. ... Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (April 26, 121[1] – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death. ... Legio III Parthica was a Roman legion levied by emperor Lucius Septimius Severus in 197 AD, for his campaign against the Parthian empire, hence the cognomen Parthica. ... Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... The Julio-Claudian Dynasty refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. ... The Flavian dynasty was a series of three Roman Emperors who ruled from 69, the Year of the Four Emperors, to 96, when the last member was assassinated, starting the Nervan-Antonian dynasty. ... Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ... The Principate is, according to its etymological derivation from the Latin word princeps, meaning chief or first, the political regime dominated by such a political leader, whether or not he is formally head of state and/or head of government. ... Legio IV Macedonica, meaning from Macedonia, was a Roman legion levied by Julius Caesar in 48 BC with Italian legionaries. ... Look up Caesar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Antoninianus minted under Carausius. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (born November 17, 9, died June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... Legio IV Scythica was a Roman legion levied by Marcus Antonius around 42 BC, for his campaign against the Parthian empire, hence the cognomen Parthica. ... Bust of Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N[1]) ( January 14 83 BC – August 1, 30 BC), known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general. ... Legio V Alaudae, the larks, sometimes known as Gallica, was levied by Julius Caesar in 52 BC from native Gauls. ... Look up Caesar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This coin was issued by Roman emperor Gallienus to celebrate the V Macedonica, whose symbol, the eagle, is crowned of wrath by Victoria. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio VI Ferrata (Ironclad) was a Roman legion. ... Look up Caesar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Legio VI Victrix (Victorious) was a Roman legion founded by Octavian in 41 BC. It was the twin legion of VI Ferrata and perhaps held veterans of that legion, and some soldiers kept to the traditions of the Caesarian legion. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Gallienus coin, celebrating LEG VII CLA VI P VI F (Seventh legion Claudia, six times faithful, six times loyal, and bearing the bull, symbol of the legion, on the reverse. ... Look up Caesar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Legio VII Gemina (Twin) was a Roman legion. ... Servius Sulpicius Galba (December 24, 3 BC – January 15, 69) was Roman Emperor from June 8, 68 until his death. ... Aureus struck in 193 by Septimius Severus to celebrate VIII Augusta, one of the legions supporting his fight for purple. ... Look up Caesar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Legio IX Hispana was a Roman legion probably levied by Julius Caesar before 58 BC, for his Gallic wars. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio X Fretensis (Latin: Tenth legion of the sea strait) was a Roman legion levied by Augustus in 41/40 BC to fight during the period of civil war that started the dissolution of the Roman Republic. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio X Gemina, the twin legion, was levied by Julius Caesar on 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. ... Marcus Aemilius Lepidus was a common name for several successive generations of a family in ancient Rome: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (187 BC) Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (49 BC) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Legio XI Claudia Pia Fidelis (faithful and loyal Claudian legion) was a Roman legion. ... For other uses, see Neptune (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio XII Fulminata, also known as Paterna or Antiqua, was originally levied by Julius Caesar in 58 BC and accompanied him during the Gallic wars until 49 BC. They were stationed in Pharsalus in 48 BC and probably fought in the Battle of Pharsalus. ... Marcus Aemilius Lepidus was a common name for several successive generations of a family in ancient Rome: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (187 BC) Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (49 BC) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... The Julio-Claudian Dynasty refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. ... The Flavian dynasty was a series of three Roman Emperors who ruled from 69, the Year of the Four Emperors, to 96, when the last member was assassinated, starting the Nervan-Antonian dynasty. ... Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ... The Principate is, according to its etymological derivation from the Latin word princeps, meaning chief or first, the political regime dominated by such a political leader, whether or not he is formally head of state and/or head of government. ... Sestertius minted in 248 by Philip the Arab to celebrate Dacia province and its legions, V Macedonica and XIII Gemina. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Aureus minted by Septimius Severus to celebrate XIV Gemina Martia Victrix, the legion that proclamed him emperor. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio XV Apollinaris (devoted to Apollo) was a Roman legion. ... For other uses, see Apollo (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio XV Primigenia was originally levied by the emperor Caligula in 39 AD, for the Germanic campaigns. ... Fortuna governs the circle of the four stages of life, the Wheel of Fortune, in a manuscript of Carmina Burana In Roman mythology, Fortuna (equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche) goddess of fortune, was the personification of luck, hopefully of good luck, but she could be represented veiled and blind... Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (August 31, 12 – January 24, 41), more commonly known by his nickname Caligula, was the third Roman Emperor and a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from 37 to 41 . ... Legio XVI Gallica (from Gallia) was a Roman legion. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio XVI Flavia Firma (standfast Flavian legion) was a Roman legion. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (born November 17, 9, died June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... Legio XVII was a Roman legion levied by Augustus Caesar around 41 BC. The legion was destroyed in the battle of Teutonburg Forest (September 9, 9 AD). ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio XVIII was a Roman legion levied by Caesar Augustus around 41 BC. The legion was destroyed in the battle of Teutonburg Forest (September 9, 9 AD). ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio XIX was a Roman legion levied (drafted into military service) in 41 or 40 BC by Augustus. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio XX Valeria Victrix was a Roman legion, probably raised by Augustus sometime after 31 BC. It served in Spain, Illyricum, and Germany before participating in the invasion of Britain in 43 AD, where it remained and was active until at least the beginning of the 4th century. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Legio XXI Rapax, the predator, was a Roman legion levied in 31 BC by Augustus, probably from men previously enlisted in other legions. ... Legio XXII Deiotariana (légio vigésima secúnda) was a Roman legion, levied approximately in 48 BC and destroyed in the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–135. ... Legio XXII Primigenia, was levied by emperor Caligula in 39, for his campaigns in Germania. ... Hercules and the Nemean Lion (detail), silver plate, 6th century BC (Cabinet des Médailles, Paris). ... Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (August 31, 12 – January 24, 41), more commonly known by his nickname Caligula, was the third Roman Emperor and a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from 37 to 41 . ... XXX Ulpia Victrix supported Pannonian army commander, Septimius Severus, in his bid for purple. ... For other uses, see Jupiter (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1218x730, 331 KB) Summary Karte ist erstellt von mir - Vorlage Demis http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1218x730, 331 KB) Summary Karte ist erstellt von mir - Vorlage Demis http://www. ... This article is about the Roman Emperor. ...


The numbering of the legions is confusing. Several legions shared the same number with others. Augustus numbered the legions he founded himself from I, but also inherited numbers from his predecessors. Each Emperor normally numbered the legions he raised himself starting from I . However, even this practice was not consistently followed e.g. Vespasian kept the same numbers as before for legions he raised from disbanded units; Trajan's first legion was numbered XXX because there were 29 other legions in existence at the time it was raised. XVII, XVIII and XIX, the numbers of the legions annihilated in the Teutoberg Forest, were never used again. As a result of this somewhat chaotic evolution, the legion's title became necessary to distinguish between legions with the same number. Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (born November 17, 9, died June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... Combatants Germanic tribes (Cherusci, Marsi, Chatti, and Bructeri) Roman Empire Commanders Arminius Publius Quinctilius Varus † Strength Unknown, but probably 18,000 3 Roman legions, 3 alae and 6 auxiliary cohorts, probably 24,000 Casualties Unknown, maybe 7,000 About 23,000 The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (Schlacht im Teutoburger...


Legions often carried several titles, awarded after successive campaigns, normally by the ruling Emperor e.g. XII Fulminata was also awarded: paterna (fatherly), victrix (victorious), antiqua (venerable), certa constans (reliable, steadfast) and Galliena (Gallienus '). Pia fidelis (dutiful, loyal), fidelis constans and others were titles awarded to several legions, sometimes several times to the same legion. Only the most established, commonly used titles are displayed on this table. Gallienus depicted on a lead seal Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. ...


The geographical titles indicate
(a) the country a legion was originally recruited e.g. Italica = from Italy or
(b) peoples the legion has vanquished e.g.Parthica = victorious over the Parthians
Legions bearing the personal name of an Emperor, or of his gens (clan) (e.g. Augusta, Flavia) were either founded by that Emperor or awarded the name as a mark of special favour.
Reproduction of a Parthian warrior as depicted on Trajans Column The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Origins Bust of Parthian soldier, Esgh-abad Museum, Turkmenia. ...


The title GEMINA probably means the legion is twinned with another. Alternatively, it may mean the legion is dedicated to the Gemini (Twins) Romulus and Remus, legendary founders of Rome This page describes the ancient heroes who founded the city of Rome. ...


Main legionary base
This shows the castra (base) where the legion spent the longest period during the Principate. See note on each legion for the Roman names of the bases, plus dates and names of all bases used. Legions often shared the same base with other legions. Detachments of legions were often seconded for lengthy periods to other bases and provinces, as operational needs demanded.


Emblem
Legions often sported more than one emblem at the same time, and occasionally changed them. Legions raised by Caesar mostly carried a bull emblem originally; those of Augustus mostly a Capricorn


Date dissolved
For legions that are documented into the fourth century and beyond, we do not know when or how they were terminated. For legions disappearing from the record before 284, the reason (certain or likely) is given as:
XX = annihilated in battle
DD = disbanded in disgrace
UF = unknown fate


Location
Indicates the Roman province where the legion's base (castra) was at each date. X = legion not in existence at that date. See Notes for details of castra and length of postings. Map of the Roman Empire, with the provinces, after 120. ...


Province names and borders are assumed throughout the Principate period as at 107 AD , during the rule of Trajan, and after the annexation of Dacia and Arabia Petraea. The map above shows provinces at the end of Trajan's reign, 117 AD. They are the same as in 107, except that Armenia and Mesopotamia have been annexed (they were abandoned soon after Trajan's death); and Pannonia has been split into two (the split occurred c107). In reality provincial borders were modified several times during the period 30 BC-284 AD: this explains any discrepancy with other sources, as to a legion's location at a particular date This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... Arabia Petraea Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the second century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in modern Jordan, southern modern Syria Sinai, and northwestern Saudi Arabia. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ...

EARLY EMPIRE LEGIONS: GEOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY OF DEPLOYMENTS (30BC - 284AD)
Roman
Province		 Modern equivalent
(approx.)		 30 BC
Start Augustus		 14 AD
End Augustus		 67 AD
E Julio-Claudians		 96 AD
End Flavians		 212 AD
End S. Severus		 284 AD
End Principate
Britannia England/Wales XRE XRE (annexed 43AD) 4 IIag IXh XIVg XXvv 3 IIag IXh XXvv 3 IIag VIv XXvv 3 IIag VIv XXvv
Rhine Frontier
Germania Inferior S Neth/W Nordrhein 4 Ig Va XXvv XXIr 4 Ig Va XVp XVIg 3 Im VIv Xg 2 Im XXXu 2 Im XXXu
Germania Superior Rheinland-Pf/Alsace 1 XVIg 4 IIag XIIIg XIVg XVIg 2 IVm XXIIp 4 VIIIa XIc XIVg XXIIp 2 VIIIa XXIIp 2 VIIIa XXIIp
sub-total Rhine 1 8 6 7 4 4
Danube Frontier
Raetia S Ger/Switz/Tyrol XRE (annexed 15BC) 1 XXIr 1 IIIi 1
Noricum Austria XRE (annexed 16BC) 1 XVa 1 XVa 2 IIi XIVg 2 IIi XIVg
Pannonia W Hungary/Slovenia XRE (annexed 9BC) 2 VIIIa IXh 1 XIIIg 2 Ia XIIIg 3 Ia IIad Xg 2 Ia Xg
Moesia Superior Serbia S of Danube XRE (annexed 6AD) 1 IVg 1 VIIc 3 IIad IVf VIIc 2 IVf VIIc 2 IVf VIIc
Moesia Inferior Northern Bulgaria 1(a) Vm (annexed 6AD) 1 Vm 2 Vm VIIIa 2 Ii Vm 2 Ii XIc 4 Ii Vm XIc XIIIg
Dalmatia Croatia/Bosnia 5 IVs XIc XIIIg XIVg XVa 2 VIIc XIc 1 XIc
Dacia Romania XRE XRE XRE XRE (annexed 106) 2 Vm XIIIg XRE (evacuated 275)
sub-total Danube 6 7 6 8 12 11
XXXX
Modern equivalent 30 BC 14 AD 67 AD 96 AD 212 AD 284 AD
Eastern Frontier
Galatia Ankara prov Turkey 2(a) VIIc XXIId (annexed 25BC)
Cappadocia Central Turkey XRE XRE (annexed 17AD) 1 IVs 4 IVs VIf XIIf XVIf 4 IVs XIIf XVa XVIf 4 IVs XIIf XVa XVIf
Syria Syria/Lebanon 2 IIIg VIf 4 IIIg VIf Xf XIIf 4 IIIg VIf XIIf XVa 1 IIIg 3 Ip IIIg IIIp 3 Ip IIIg IIIp
Judaea Palestine/Israel 1a Xf (annexed 6AD) 1 Xf 1 Xf 2 VIf Xf 1 Xf
Arabia Petraea Jordan/Sinai XRE XRE XRE XRE (annexed 106) 1 IIIc 1 IIIc
sub-total East 5 4 6 6 10 9
African Frontier
Aegyptus Egypt minus Sinai 2(a) IIIc XIIf (annexed 30BC) 2 IIIc XXIId 2 IIIc XXIId 2 IIIc XXIId 1 IIt 1 IIt
Africa Tunisia/Libya 2 IIIa VIIIa 1 IIIa
Mauretania Algeria/Morocco XRE XRE (annexed 44AD) 1 IIIa 1 IIIa 1 IIIa 1 IIIa
sub-total Africa 4 3 3 3 2 2
Internal Provs
Hispania T Spain (most of) 9bIg IIag IVm Va VIv IXh Xg XXv XXIr 3 IVm VIv Xg 2 VIv Xg 1 VIIg 1 VIIg 1 VIIg
Gallia France/Belgium 3 XVII XVIII XIX 1 Ii
Italia Italy 1 IIp 1 IIp
sub-total Internal 12 3 3 1 2 2
TOTAL EMPIRE 28 25 28 28 33 31(c)

Note: The Legion VII, in León, give his name to the city, León (Lion), it`s a deformation of Legio -> León, and not from the animal. For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... The Julio-Claudian Dynasty refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. ... The Flavian dynasty was a series of three Roman Emperors who ruled from 69, the Year of the Four Emperors, to 96, when the last member was assassinated, starting the Nervan-Antonian dynasty. ... Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ... The Principate is, according to its etymological derivation from the Latin word princeps, meaning chief or first, the political regime dominated by such a political leader, whether or not he is formally head of state and/or head of government. ... For other uses, see Britannia (disambiguation). ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Noricum in ancient geography was a celtic kingdom in Austria and later a province of the Roman Empire. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In ancient geography, Cappadocia or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya (from Persian: Katpatuka meaning the land of beautiful horses, Greek: Καππαδοκία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of the extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). ... Desert hills in southern Judea, looking east from the town of Arad Judea or Judaea (יהודה Praise, Standard Hebrew Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Yəhûḏāh) is a term used for the mountainous southern part of historic Palestine, an area now divided... Arabia Petraea Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the second century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in modern Jordan, southern modern Syria Sinai, and northwestern Saudi Arabia. ... This article is about the Aegyptus from Egyptian mythology. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... In Antiquity, Mauretania was originally an independent Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa (named after the Maure tribe, after whom the Moors were named), corresponding to western Algeria, and northern Morocco. ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Gallia may mean several things: Gallia was the Latin name for Gaul. ...


N.B.: Any discrepancy with other sources in figures given above for individual provinces may be due to changes in provincial borders. For the purposes of this table, provincial borders have been assumed the same throughout the period, as at 107 AD.


XRE = Outside Roman Empire
(a) = indicates territory was a Roman client state at the time
(b) = military build-up for Cantabrian Wars
(c) = In 284, there may have been up to seven additional legions in existence, all created in the final 14 years of the Principate (270-84): I Illyricorum, IV Martia, I Isaura Sagittorum, II Isaura, III Isaura, I Armeniaca, II Armeniaca. Our evidence for these is almost entirely limited to the Notitia Dignitatum, a document drawn up in c400. We cannot be sure of their foundation date, and so these units have been excluded from the tabulation. In addition, a legion called VI Hispana is attested by a mid-3rd century inscription: as this is the only evidence for this unit, it is likely that its existence was a brief one in that period. According to the notion of client states, just as a client of a corporation remains dependent on the corporation for a continued supply of products, and just as it is in the companys interest to make expendable products which need to be replaced regularly, client states of the two... The Cantabrian Wars (29 BC-19 BC) occurred during the Roman conquest of the ancient province of Cantabria. ... Legio I Isaura Sagitaria was a pseudocomitatensis Roman legion, levied no later than under Diocletian, and possibly already present under Probus. ... Legio II Isaura was a pseudocomitatensis Roman legion, levied no later than under Diocletian, and possibly already present under Probus. ... Legio III Isaura was a pseudocomitatensis Roman legion, levied no later than under Diocletian, and possibly already present under Probus. ... The Legio I Armeniaca was one Roman Legion of the late empire, probably created in III the century. ... Legio II Armeniaca (from Armenia) was a late Empire Roman legion. ... The Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Roman imperial chanceries. ...


Late Empire Legions

Shield pattern of the palatina legion of the Ioviani seniores, according to Notitia Dignitatum.
Shield pattern of the palatina legion of the Ioviani seniores, according to Notitia Dignitatum.

Diocletian reorganized the Roman army, in order to better handle the menace of the barbarians from north Europe as well as that of the Persians from the East. The army was formed by border and field units. Image File history File links Scutum_Iovianorum_seniorum. ... Image File history File links Scutum_Iovianorum_seniorum. ... Imperial guard of the Emperors of the Roman Empire from 284 until 988 The Praetorian Guard were based at Castra Praetoria just outside Rome, and during the reign of the Emperor Diocletian were in league with the Roman Senate. ... The Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Roman imperial chanceries. ... Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (c. ...


The border (limitanei) units were to occupy the limes, the structured border fortifications, and were formed by professional soldiers with an inferior training. Limitanei were border guards in the armies of the late Roman Empire. ... The limes Germanicus, 2nd century. ...


The field units were to stay well behind the border, and to move quickly where they were needed, with both offensive and defensive roles. Field units were formed by elite soldiers with high-level training and weapons. They were further divided into:

  1. Scholae units: the personal guard of the Emperor, created to substitute the Praetorian Guard disbanded by Constantine I;
  2. Palatinae units: "palace" units were the highest ranked units;
  3. Comitatenses units: "line" or "regular" units, some of them were new legions, other were Early Empire legions;
  4. Pseudocomitatenses units: they were limitanei units diverted into the field army and often kept there; some Early Empire legions became pseudocomitatenses units.

Some of these units kept a numbering scheme. Primary source is the Notitia Dignitatum Scholae was a Latin word used by the Romans to classify their Imperial Guards. ... The Praetorian Guard of Augustus - 1st century. ... Head of Constantines colossal statue at Musei Capitolini Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[1] (February 27, 272–May 22, 337), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or (among Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic[2] Christians) Saint Constantine, was a Roman Emperor, proclaimed Augustus by his troops on... Comitatenses is the Latin plural of comitatensis, originally the adjective derived from comitatus (company, party, suite; in this military context it came to the novel meaning of the field army), itself rooting in Comes (companion, but hence specific historical meanings, military and civilian). ... The Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Roman imperial chanceries. ...

  • Legio I
    • I Armeniaca (from Armenia): pseudocomitatensis under Magister militum per Orientis command, fought under Julian the Apostate against the Persians
    • I Flavia Constantia (reliable Flavian): comitatensis unit under Magister militum per Orientis command
    • I Flavia Gallicana Constantia (reliable Flavian legion from Gallia): pseudocomitatensis under Magister Peditum per Gallias command
    • I Flavia Martis (Flavian legion devoted to Mars): pseudocomitatensis
    • I Flavia Pacis (Flavian legion of peace): comitatensis under Magister Peditum
    • I Flavia Theodosiana: comitatensis
    • I Illyricorum (of the Illyrians): stationed at Palmyra
    • I Iovia (devoted to Jupiter): levied by Diocletian, stationed in Scythia Minor
    • I Isaura Sagitaria (archers from Isauria): pseudocomitatensis under Magister militum per Orientis command
    • I Iulia Alpina: pseudocomitatensis under Magister Peditum command in Italia
    • I Martia
    • I Maximiana Thaebanorum (the Thebans of Maximianus): comitatensis unit stationed near Thebes, Egypt, and probably fighting in the battle of Adrianople
    • I Noricorum (of the Noricans): stationed in Noricum
    • I Pontica
  • Legio II
    • II Armeniaca: pseudocomitatensis
    • II Britannica: comitatensis under Magister Peditum
    • II Flavia Constantia: comitatensis under Magister Peditum
    • II Flavia Virtutis: comitatensis under Magister Peditum
    • II Herculia (devoted to Hercules): levied by Diocletian, stationed in Scythia Minor
    • II Isaura
    • II Iulia Alpina: pseudocomitatensis under Magister Peditum, in Comes Illyricum command
    • II Felix Valentis Thebaeorum: comitatensis
  • Legio III
    • III Diocletiana
    • III Flavia Salutis: comitatensis under Magister Peditum
    • III Herculea: comitatensis under Magister Peditum, in Comes Illyricum command
    • III Isaura
    • III Iulia Alpina: comitatensis under Magister Peditum command in Italia
  • Legio IV
    • IV Italica
    • IV Martia
    • IV Parthica
  • Legio VI
    • VI Gemella
    • VI Gallicana
    • VI Herculia (maybe the Herculians)
    • VI Hispana
    • VI Parthica
  • Legio XII
    • XII Victrix

Magister militum (Latin for Master of the Soldiers) was a top-level command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine. ... Flavius Claudius Iulianus (331–June 26, 363), was a Roman Emperor (361–363) of the Constantinian dynasty. ... The Sassanid Empire in the time of Shapur I; the conquest of Cappadocia was temporary Official language Pahlavi (Middle Persian) Dominant Religion Zoroastrianism Capital Ctesiphon Sovereigns Shahanshah of the Iran (Eranshahr) First Ruler Ardashir I Last Ruler Yazdegerd III Establishment 224 AD Dissolution 651 AD Part of the History of... Magister militum (Latin for Master of the Soldiers) was a top-level command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine. ... Early morning panorama of Palmyra. ... Legio I Iovia (devoted to Jupiter) was a Roman legion, levied by Emperor Diocletian (284-305), possibly together with II Herculia, to guard the newly created province of Scythia Minor. ... Major ancient towns and colonies in Schythia Minor Scythia Minor (Greek: Μικρά Σκυθία, Mikrá Scythia) was in ancient times the region surrounded by the Danube at the north and west and the Black Sea at the east, corresponding to todays Dobruja (a large part in Romania and a smaller part in... Legio I Isaura Sagitaria was a pseudocomitatensis Roman legion, levied no later than under Diocletian, and possibly already present under Probus. ... Magister militum (Latin for Master of the Soldiers) was a top-level command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine. ... The Legio I Maximiana (of Maximian) was a comitatensis Roman legion, probably created in the year 296 or 297 by the emperor Diocletian. ... Thebes Thebes (, ThÄ“bai) is the Greek designation of the ancient Egyptian niwt (The) City and niwt-rst (The) Southern City. It is located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the river Nile (). Thebes was the capital of Waset, the fourth Upper Egyptian nome... Combatants Eastern Roman Empire Goths Commanders Valens â€  Fritigern, Alatheus, Saphrax Strength 15,000–30,000 10,000–20,000 Casualties 10,000–20,000 Unknown The second Battle of Adrianople (August 9, 378), sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between a Roman army led by the Roman... Noricum in ancient geography was a celtic kingdom in Austria and later a province of the Roman Empire. ... Legio II Armeniaca (from Armenia) was a late Empire Roman legion. ... The Legio II Flavia Constantia (reliable Flavian legion) was a comitatensis Roman legion, created by Diocletian, probably in the year 296 or 297 II Flavia Constantia was formed together with I Maximiana to garrison the newly created province Thebaidos, Aegyptus. ... Legio II Flavia Virtutis (brave Flavian) was comitatensis Roman legion, levied by Emperor Constantius II (337-361), together with I Flavia Pacis and III Flavia Salutis. ... Legio II Herculia (devoted to Hercules) was a Roman legion, levied by Emperor Diocletian (284-305), possibly together with I Iovia, to guard the newly created province of Scythia Minor. ... Legio II Isaura was a pseudocomitatensis Roman legion, levied no later than under Diocletian, and possibly already present under Probus. ... Legio III Diocletiana was a comitatensis Roman legion, levied in 296 by Diocletian, from whom the legion took its name. ... Legio III Isaura was a pseudocomitatensis Roman legion, levied no later than under Diocletian, and possibly already present under Probus. ... Legio V Iovia was a Roman legion levied by Diocletian in the end of the 3rd century, and was still in service at the beginning of the 5th century. ... Imperial guard of the Emperors of the Roman Empire from 284 until 988 The Praetorian Guard were based at Castra Praetoria just outside Rome, and during the reign of the Emperor Diocletian were in league with the Roman Senate. ... Legio VI Herculia was a Roman legion levied by Diocletian in the end of the 3rd century, and was still in service at the beginning of the 5th century. ... Imperial guard of the Emperors of the Roman Empire from 284 until 988 The Praetorian Guard were based at Castra Praetoria just outside Rome, and during the reign of the Emperor Diocletian were in league with the Roman Senate. ...

See also

The Roman army is the set of land-based military forces employed by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire as part of the Roman military. ... The Roman Legion (from Latin , from lego, legere, legi, lectus — to collect) is a term that can apply both as a transliteration of legio (conscription or army) to the entire Roman army and also, more narrowly (and more commonly), to the heavy infantry that was the basic military unit of... The branches of the Roman military at the highest level were the Roman army and the Roman navy. ...

References

Primary sources

The Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Roman imperial chanceries. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ...

Secondary sources

The Oxford Classical Dictionary (OCD) is the standard one-volume encyclopedia in English of topics relating to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. ...

Notes

  1. ^ prima adiutrix (= rescuer First). Castra:70-86 Moguntiacum (Germania Superior) (Mainz, Ger); 86-mid 5thC:Brigetio (Pannonia) (Szőny, Hungary)
  2. ^ This emblem was accompanied by a Pegasus
  3. ^ prima germánica (= German-conquering First). Castra:c5BC-70: Colonia Agrippina (Germania Inferior) (Cologne,Ger). I Germanica was awarded its title for distinguished service on the Rhine c1-9AD
  4. ^ I Germanica was disbanded for its role in the Batavian rebellion
  5. ^ prima itálica (= Italian-recruited First). Castra: 70-early 5thC: Novae (Moesia Inferior) (Svishtov, Bulgaria)
  6. ^ prima macriana liberatrix (= Macer's liberator First).I Macriana was raised by Lucius Clodius Macer, governor of Africa, for use in the civil war of 68-9 (Year of Four Emperors). It was disbanded for its role
  7. ^ prima minervia (= Minerva-revering First). Dedicated to Minerva (the Roman equivalent of the Greek Athena), the goddess of war. Castra:82-4thC Bonna (Germania Inferior) (Bonn, Ger)
  8. ^ prima párthica (= Parthian-conquering First). This legion was awarded its title for its part in Emperor Septimius Severus 's punitive campaign against the Parthians in 197AD, for which purpose the legion was raised. Castra: 197-early 6thC Singara (Syria) (Sinjar, Iraq)
  9. ^ secunda adiutrix (= rescuer Second). Castra: 70-87 Britannia; 87-106 Moesia Superior; 106-at least 269 Aquincum (Pannonia) (Budapest, Hungary)
  10. ^ II Adiutrix disappears from record in 269, when its legionaries dedicated a statue to Emperor Claudius II Gothicus. One possibility was that it was destroyed in the heavy fighting on the Danube frontier during the period 269-84 (though the Romans were generally victorious in these campaigns)
  11. ^ secunda augusta (= Augustus' Second) Castra: 31BC-c9AD Hispania Tarraconensis; 9-43 Germania Superior; 43-74 various castra in Britannia; 74-at least 255 Isca Augusta (Caerleon, Wales); 4th century recorded at Rutupiae (Richborough, Kent)
  12. ^ secunda itálica (= Italian-recruited Second). Castra: 180-early 5thC Lauriacum (Noricum) (Lorch, Austria)
  13. ^ She-Wolf suckling the twins Romulus and Remus, the national symbol of Rome
  14. ^ secunda párthica (= Parthian-conquering Second). II Parthica was awarded its title for its part in Septimius Severus's punitive campaign against the Parthians, 197 AD, for which it was raised. Castra:197-218 Castra Albana (Italia) (Albano Laziale, near Rome); 218-234 Syria; 238-early 4thC Castra Albana; 4th century recorded in Bezabde (Syria)
  15. ^ secunda traiana fortis (= Trajan's valiant Second). Castra: 125-5thC Alexandria (Aegyptus)
  16. ^ tertia augusta (= Augustus' Third) Castra: 31BC-c20AD Africa Proconsularis; 20-75 Ammaedara (Mauretania) (Haidra, Tunisia); 75-late 4thC Lambaesis (Mauretania) (Batna, Algeria)
  17. ^ tertia cyrenaica (= Cyrene-recruited Third). Cyrene was a city near Benghazi, Libya. Castra: 31BC-35AD Thebes (Aegyptus); 35-125 Alexandria; 125-5thC Bostra (Arabia Petraea) (Busra, Syria)
  18. ^ tertia gállica (= Gaul-recruited Third). Castra: 31BC-4thC Raphana (Syria) (Abila, Jordan)
  19. ^ tertia itálica (= Italian-recruited Third). Castra: 165-4thC Castra Regina (Raetia) (Regensburg, Germany)
  20. ^ tertia párthica (= Parthian-conquering Third). III Parthica was awarded its title for its part in Septimius Severus 's punitive campaign against the Parthians (197 AD), for which purpose the legion was originally raised. Castra: 197-4thC Resaena (Syria) (Ras-al-Ayn, Syria)
  21. ^ quarta macedónica (= Macedonian-recruited Fourth). Castra: 31BC-43AD Hispania Tarraconensis; 43-70 Moguntiacum (Germania Superior) (Mainz, Ger)
  22. ^ Also Capricorn
  23. ^ IV Macedonica was disbanded for supporting the wrong side in the Year of Four Emperors, 68AD
  24. ^ quarta flavia felix (= Vespasian's lucky Fourth). Flavia refers to the gens (clan) name of Emperor Vespasian (Titus Flavius Vespasianus), who founded the legion. Castra: 86-4thC Singidunum (Moesia Superior) (Belgrade, Serbia)
  25. ^ quarta scýthica (= Scythian -conquering Fourth). IV Scythica was probably awarded its title for success against the transdanubian tribes in the heavy fighting on the Danube frontier, 27BC onwards. Castra: 20BC-58AD Moesia Superior; 68-5thC Zeugma (Cappadocia (nr. Gaziantep, Turkey)
  26. ^ quinta alaudae (= Fifth of the larks). V Alaudae's "larks" nickname may derive from the custom of the Gauls of adorning their helmets with bird feathers, or perhaps from their war-cry (the legion was originally recruited in Gaul). Castra:31-19BC Hispania; 19-c10BC Belgica; c10BC-70AD Castra Vetera (Germania Inferior) (Xanten, Germany)
  27. ^ V Alaudae was annihilated by rebel troops in the Batavian rebellion
  28. ^ quinta macedónica (= Macedonian-recruited Fifth). Castra: 30BC-6AD Macedonia; 6-101 Oescus (Moesia Inferior) (nr Pleven, Bulgaria); 101-274 Potaissa (Dacia) (Turda, Romania); 275-5thC Oescus
  29. ^ sexta ferrata (= ironclad Sixth). Castra: 30BC-71AD (likely) Raphana (Syria) (nr Hims, Syria); 71-119 Samosata (Cappadocia) (Samsat, Turkey); 119-132 Arabia Petraea; 135-250+ Caparcotna (Judaea)
  30. ^ VI Ferrata initially used a Bull as emblem, in common with most of Caesar's legions
  31. ^ VI Ferrata diappears from records after 250. It may have been destroyed at the Battle of Edessa in 260, the Roman disaster where Emperor Valerian was captured by the Parthians
  32. ^ sexta hispana (= Spain-recruited Sixth). VI Hispana definitely existed, as it is attested by a mid-third century inscription from Aquileia (NE Italy), dated in the rule of Emperor Philip the Arab (244-9). But that is our sole evidence for this unit. It was probably founded by Philip but it is not impossible that it dates from earlier in the 3rd century. The name implies that it was originally recruited in Spain, but does not necessarily mean it was based there
  33. ^ The lack of evidence suggests that VI Hispana was probably destroyed or disbanded in the mid-3rd century. One possibility is that was destroyed in Emperor Decius 's defeat by the Goths at the Battle of Abrittus in 251
  34. ^ sexta victrix (= victorious Sixth). Castra: 31BC-70AD Leon (Hispania Tarraconensis); 71-122 Neuss and then Castra Vetera (Xanten) (Germania Inferior); 122-late4thC Eburacum (Britannia) (York, England)
  35. ^ séptima claudia (= Claudius' Seventh) VII Claudia was awarded its title by Emperor Claudius (ruled 41-54) for loyalty during Scribonianus' mutiny in 42 AD. Castra: 31BC-c9AD Galatia; c-9-c58 Dalmatia; 58-late 4thC Viminacium (Moesia Superior) (Kostolac, Serbia)
  36. ^ séptima gémina (= twinned Seventh). Castra: 75-5thC Leon (Hispania Tarraconensis)
  37. ^ octava augusta (= Augustus' Eighth). Castra: 31-c15BC Africa Proconsularis; c15BC-44AD Poetovio (Pannonia) (Ptuj, Slovenia); 44-70 Novae (Moesia Inferior); 70-371+ Argentorate (Germania Superior) (Strasbourg, France)
  38. ^ nona hispana (= Iberian -conquering Ninth). IX Hispana was awarded its title for service in the Cantabrian Wars of 29-19BC. Castra: 31-20BC Hispania Tarraconensis; 20BC-43AD probably Pannonia; 43-71 Camulodunum (Colchester) and then Lindum (Lincoln); 71-c120 Eburacum (Britannia) (York, England)
  39. ^ IX Hispana disappears from records after 121, when it probably moved from Britannia to Germania Inferior. IX Hispana is missing in an inscription of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (162-80) listing legions in service. It may have been destroyed in the Second Jewish Revolt 132-5 or in the Danubian war of 162.
  40. ^ décima fretensis (= Tenth of the strait). X Fretensis' title refers to the Strait of Messina (fretum siculum), where the legion took part in the Battle of Naulochus in 36BC. Castra: 31-c25BC Judaea; c25BC-66AD Syria; 73-4thC Hierosolyma (Judaea) (Jerusalem)
  41. ^ Also Bull, Dolphin, Galley
  42. ^ décima gémina (= twinned Tenth). Castra: 31BC-71AD Hispania Tarraconensis; 71-103 Noviomagus (Germania Inferior) (Nijmegen, Netherlands); 103-early 5thC Vindobona (Pannonia) (Vienna, Austria)
  43. ^ undécima claudia (= Claudius' Eleventh). XI Claudia was awarded its title by Emperor Claudius (ruled 41-54) for loyalty during Scribonianus' mutiny, 42 AD. Castra:30BC-71AD Dalmatia; 71-104 Vindonissa (Raetia) (Windisch, Switz); 104-5thC Durostorum (Moesia Inferior) (Silistra, Bulgaria)
  44. ^ duodécima fulminata (= lightning-struck Twelfth). XII Fulminata's title may refer to some famous campaign incident, such as a legionary standard struck by a thunderbolt. This would have been interpreted as a highly favourable portent, as thunderbolts were the weapon of the highest god, Jupiter. Castra: 31BC-14AD Aegyptus; 14-71 Raphana (Syria); 71-5thC Melitene (Cappadocia) (Malatya, Turkey) (19)
  45. ^ décima tertia gémina (= twinned Thirteenth). Castra: 31-16BC Dalmatia; 16BC-9AD Emona (Pannonia) (Ljubliana, Slovenia); 9-45 Vindelica (Germania Superior); 45-106 Poetovio (Pannonia) (Ptuj, Slovenia); 106-270 Apulum (Dacia (Alba Iulia, Romania); 270-5thC Moesia Inferior
  46. ^ décima quarta gémina (= twinned Fourteenth). XIV Gemina also carried the title martia victrix (= Victorious, of Mars) i.e. dedicated to the god of war, Mars. Castra: 31BC-9AD Dalmatia; 9-43 Moguntiacum (Mainz) (Germania Superior); 43-70 Britannia; 70-92 Moguntiacum; 106-early 5thC Carnuntum (Noricum) (Petronell, Austria)
  47. ^ décima quinta apollinaris (= Apollo-revering Fifteenth). Dedicated to the god Apollo. Castra: 31BC-6AD Dalmatia; 9-61 Carnuntum (Noricum) (Petronell, Austria); 61-73 Syria; 73-117 Carnuntum; 117-5thC Satala (Cappadocia) (Saddagh, Turkey) (18)
  48. ^ Or perhaps griffin, a creature sacred to Apollo
  49. ^ décima quinta primigenia (= Fortuna-revering Fifteenth). Primigenia is another name for the goddess of fate, Fortuna. Castra: 39-43 Moguntiacum (Mainz) (Germania Superior); 43-70 Neuss (Germania Inferior)
  50. ^ XV Primigenia was destroyed by rebel troops during the Batavian rebellion
  51. ^ décima sexta gállica (= Gaul-recruited Sixteenth). Castra: 31BC-43AD Moguntiacum (Mainz) (Germania Superior); 43-70 Neuss (Germania Inferior)
  52. ^ XVI Gallica was disbanded for its treasonous role in the Batavian rebellion
  53. ^ décima sexta flavia firma (= Vespasian's steadfast Sixteenth). Flavia refers to the gens (clan) name of Emperor Vespasian (Titus Flavius Vespasianus), who founded the legion. Castra: 70-117 Satala (Cappadocia) (Saddagh, Turkey); 117-4thC Samosata (Cappadocia) (Samsat, Turkey)
  54. ^ décima séptima (= Seventeenth). Castra: 31-c15BC (probably) Aquitania; c15BC-9AD Castra Vetera (Germania Inferior) (Xanten, Ger)
  55. ^ XVII was annihilated at the Battle of the Teutoberg Forest by German tribes led by Arminius, 9AD
  56. ^ décima octava (duodevicésima) (= Eighteenth). Castra: 31-15BC unknown; c15BC-9AD Castra Vetera (Germania Inferior) (Xanten, Ger)
  57. ^ XVIII was annihilated at the Battle of the Teutoberg Forest by German tribes led by Arminius, 9AD
  58. ^ décima nona (undevicésima) (= Nineteenth). Castra: 31-15BC unknown; c15BC-9AD uncertain location on Rhine frontier
  59. ^ XIX was annihilated at the Battle of the Teutoberg Forest by German tribes led by Arminius, 9AD
  60. ^ vigésima (vicésima) valeria victrix (= Valerius' victorious Twentieth). The origin of the title valeria is unknown. There are 3 theories: (a) Derives from verb valere (= to be brave): but there is no such adjective known in Latin. (b) Means "black eagle", but the use of this word in Latin is doubtful. (c) Derives from the Roman noble gens (clan) name Valerius: the only linguistically plausible theory: if so, the title most likely honours Messalla (Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus), general and friend of Augustus, Roman consul alongside Augustus in 31BC, when XX Victrix was founded. Castra: 31-13BC Hispania Tarraconensis; 13BC-9AD Dalmatia; 9-43 Germania Inferior; 43-75 various bases Britannia; 75-late 3rdC Deva (Britannia) (Chester, England)
  61. ^ XX Valeria Victrix is not documented in the 4th century: possibly it was disbanded in disgrace for supporting the secession of Carausius (286-93) and Allectus (293-6) after Britain was returned to central control by the campaign of Constantius I Chlorus in 296 (or perhaps even destroyed in the battle that settled Allectus' fate)
  62. ^ vigésima prima rapax (= devouring Twenty-First). Castra: 25-16BC Hispania Tarraconensis; 15BC-9AD Regensburg (Raetia); 9-43 Castra Vetera (Germania Inferior) (Xanten, Ger); 43-70 Vindonissa (Raetia) (Vienna, Austria); 70-89 Moguntiacum (Germania Inferior) (Mainz, Ger); 89-92 Pannonia
  63. ^ XXI Rapax was annihilated by the Roxolani tribe during the Sarmatian war of 92-6
  64. ^ vigésima secunda deiotariana (= Deiotarus' Twenty-Second). Named after Deiotarus, client king of Galatia until 41BC, whose army formed the basis of the legion. Castra: 31-c8BC Galatia; c8BC-123AD+ Alexandria (Aegyptus)
  65. ^ XXII Deiotariana was probably destroyed by Jewish rebels in the Second Jewish Revolt of 132
  66. ^ vigésima secunda primigenia (= Fortuna-revering Twenty-Second). Primigenia was another name for Fortuna, the goddess of fate. Castra: 39-early 4thC Moguntiacum (Germania Superior) (Mainz, Ger)
  67. ^ trigésima ulpia victrix (= Trajan's victorious Thirtieth). Ulpia refers to the gens (clan) name of Emperor Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Traianus), who founded the legion. Castra: 105-122 Dacia; 122-early 5thC Castra Vetera (Germania Inferior) (Xanten, Germany)

Map of Germany showing Mainz Mainz (French Mayence) is a city in Germany, which is the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Pegasus and Bellerophon, Attic red-figure Pegasus and Bellerophon, from Mabie, Hamilton Wright (Ed. ... The History of Cologne, Germanys oldest major city, can be broken into several periods: The Romans In 39 BC, the tribe of the Ubii entered into an agreement with the Roman forces and settled on the left bank of the Rhine. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... This article, Batavian rebellion, includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... A nova is a cataclysmic nuclear explosion caused by the accretion of hydrogen onto the surface of a white dwarf star. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Svishtov is a Bulgarian town at Danube river, nearly 235 km north-east from Sofia. ... Lucius Clodius Macer was a legatus of the Roman Empire in Africa in the time of Nero. ... The forced suicide of emperor Nero, in 68 AD, was followed by a brief period of civil war (the first Roman civil war since Antonys death in 31 BC) known as the Year of the four emperors. ... Head of Minerva by Elihu Vedder, 1896 For other uses, see Minerva (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Athena (disambiguation). ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. ... Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ... Reproduction of a Parthian warrior as depicted on Trajans Column The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Origins Bust of Parthian soldier, Esgh-abad Museum, Turkmenia. ... Sinjar is a small town in northwestern Iraq near the Syrian border, with an estimate population in the 2006 census of about 39,875 residents [1]. The wall and other evidence at a huge mound in northeastern Syria known as Tell Hamoukar indicate a complex government dating back at least... For other uses, see Britannia (disambiguation). ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Location of the city within the Roman Empire The ancient city of Aquincum was situated on the North-Eastern borders of the Pannonia Province within the Roman Empire. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Marcus Aurelius Claudius Gothicus (May 10, 213/214 - January, 270) , more often referred to as Claudius II, ruled the Roman Empire for less than two years (268 - 270), but during that brief time, he was so successful and beloved by the people of Rome that he attained divine status. ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... For other uses, see Britannia (disambiguation). ... Remains of the amphitheatre Isca Augusta (or, simply, Isca) was a legionary fortress in the Roman province of Britannia. ... Map sources for Rutupiae at grid reference TR3361 Ruins Richborough Castle Rutupiae was the Roman name for Richborough near Sandwich, Kent, which they founded. ... Noricum in ancient geography was a celtic kingdom in Austria and later a province of the Roman Empire. ... This page describes the ancient heroes who founded the city of Rome. ... Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ... Reproduction of a Parthian warrior as depicted on Trajans Column The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Origins Bust of Parthian soldier, Esgh-abad Museum, Turkmenia. ... Albano Laziale is a commune in the province of Rome, in Lazio (Latium). ... Cizre is a district of Şırnak Province of Turkey. ... Nickname: Alexandria on the map of Egypt Map of Alexandria Coordinates: , Country Egypt Founded 334 BC Government  - Governor Adel Labib Population (2001)  - City 3,500,000 Time zone EET (UTC+2)  - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3) Twin Cities  - Baltimore  United States  - Cleveland  United States  - ConstanÅ£a  Romania  - Durban  South Africa... This article is about the Aegyptus from Egyptian mythology. ... Africa Province, Roman Empire ... Haïdra is a city in western Tunisia, which was founded as a Roman city originally named Ammaedara. ... In Antiquity, Mauretania was originally an independent Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa (named after the Maure tribe, after whom the Moors were named), corresponding to western Algeria, and northern Morocco. ... Roman Remains at Lambessa (19th cent. ... In Antiquity, Mauretania was originally an independent Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa (named after the Maure tribe, after whom the Moors were named), corresponding to western Algeria, and northern Morocco. ... Cyrene can refer to: The USS Cyrene (AGP-13), a motor torpedo boat tender Cyrene, a figure from Greek mythology Cyrene, a Greek colony in Libya (north Africa) 133 Cyrene, an asteroid Cyrene, fictional character who is the mother of Xena in the series Xena: Warrior Princess See also: Cyrenaica... Colourful buildings in the city centre. ... Thebes Thebes (, ThÄ“bai) is the Greek designation of the ancient Egyptian niwt (The) City and niwt-rst (The) Southern City. It is located about 800 km south of the Mediterranean, on the east bank of the river Nile (). Thebes was the capital of Waset, the fourth Upper Egyptian nome... This article is about the Aegyptus from Egyptian mythology. ... Nickname: Alexandria on the map of Egypt Map of Alexandria Coordinates: , Country Egypt Founded 334 BC Government  - Governor Adel Labib Population (2001)  - City 3,500,000 Time zone EET (UTC+2)  - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3) Twin Cities  - Baltimore  United States  - Cleveland  United States  - ConstanÅ£a  Romania  - Durban  South Africa... Bosra (alternative Bostra, Busrana, Bozrah, Bozra, Busra Eski Sham, Busra ash-Sham, Nova Trojana Bostra) is an ancient city in southern modern-day Syria. ... Arabia Petraea Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the second century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in modern Jordan, southern modern Syria Sinai, and northwestern Saudi Arabia. ... Raphana, in Syria, was a city of the Decapolis. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Regensburg (also Ratisbon, Latin Ratisbona) is a city (population 151. ... Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ... Resaena was the ancient name of the city of Ras al-Ayn, Syria. ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Map of Germany showing Mainz Mainz (French Mayence) is a city in Germany, which is the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... The forced suicide of emperor Nero, in 68 AD, was followed by a brief period of civil war (the first Roman civil war since Antonys death in 31 BC) known as the Year of the four emperors. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (born November 17, 9, died June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... Singidunum was an ancient Roman city, first settled by the Scordisci in the 3rd century B.C., and later garrisoned and fortified by the Romans who romanized the name. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by an Indo-Aryans known as the Scythians. ... This article is about the Danube River. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Zeugma (from the Greek word ζεύγμα, meaning yoke) is a figure of speech describing the joining of two or more parts of a sentence with a common verb or noun. ... In ancient geography, Cappadocia or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya (from Persian: Katpatuka meaning the land of beautiful horses, Greek: Καππαδοκία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of the extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). ... Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Latin name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ... Gaul (Latin: ) was the name given,in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Iberian Peninsula. ... Belgica was and is the name of two Belgian research vessels, with a name derived ultimately from the Latin Gallia Belgica. ... Xanten is a town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany, located in the district of Wesel. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... This article, Batavian rebellion, includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Oescus was an ancient town in Moesia. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Turda (Hungarian: Torda, German: Thorenburg) (population: 55,770) is a city in Cluj county, Romania, situated on the ArieÅŸ river. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... Raphana, in Syria, was a city of the Decapolis. ... Homs (also Himş, Arabic, حمص, population 700,000) is an ancient city in Syria, dating back to 2300 B.C.. In Roman times it was known as Emesa. ... Samosata, meaning sun, was an ancient city whose ruins still exist at the modern Turkish city of Samsat. ... In ancient geography, Cappadocia or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya (from Persian: Katpatuka meaning the land of beautiful horses, Greek: Καππαδοκία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of the extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). ... Arabia Petraea Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the second century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in modern Jordan, southern modern Syria Sinai, and northwestern Saudi Arabia. ... Desert hills in southern Judea, looking east from the town of Arad Judea or Judaea (יהודה Praise, Standard Hebrew Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Yəhûḏāh) is a term used for the mountainous southern part of historic Palestine, an area now divided... Combatants Sassanid Empire Roman Empire Commanders Shapur I Valerian Strength 40,000 70,000 including Praetorian Guard Casualties Minimal Heavy The Battle of Edessa took place between the armies of the Roman Empire under the command of Emperor Valerian and Sassanid forces under King Shapur I in 259. ... Valerian may mean: Valerian, two genera of garden plants Emperor Valerian I, Roman emperor 253-260 Valerian II, son of Gallienus (d. ... Reproduction of a Parthian warrior as depicted on Trajans Column The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Origins Bust of Parthian soldier, Esgh-abad Museum, Turkmenia. ... Aquileia (Friulian Aquilee, Slovene Oglej) is an ancient Roman town of Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about 10 km from the sea, on the river Natiso (modern Natisone), the course of which has changed somewhat since Roman times. ... Marcus Julius Philippus (c. ... Bust of Traianus Decius. ... The Battle of Abrittus (now Razgrad, Bulgaria), also known as the Battle of Forum Terebronii, occurred in 251 between the Roman legions and Goths under King Cniva. ... Leon or Léon or León may refer to: // Léon, Landes, a commune of the Landes département, France Léon (viscounty), Brittany, France Léon (diocese), Brittany, France Greek: , two sites: a point on the south coast of Crete, now called Liondas. ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Neuss is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Xanten is a town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany, located in the district of Wesel. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... York is a city in Northern England, built at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss. ... For other uses, see Britannia (disambiguation). ... For other persons named Claudius, see Claudius (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... Viminacium was the capital of the Roman province of Moesia. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Leon or Léon or León may refer to: // Léon, Landes, a commune of the Landes département, France Léon (viscounty), Brittany, France Léon (diocese), Brittany, France Greek: , two sites: a point on the south coast of Crete, now called Liondas. ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Africa Province, Roman Empire ... Ptuj Area: 66. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... A nova is a cataclysmic nuclear explosion caused by the accretion of hydrogen onto the surface of a white dwarf star. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Strasbourg townscape Strasbourg (German Straßburg, castle of roads, Alsatian Strossburi) is the capital and principal city of the Alsace France. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... Iberia can mean: The Iberian peninsula of southwest Europe; That part of it inhabited by the Iberians, speaking the Iberian language. ... The Cantabrian Wars (29 BC-19 BC) occurred during the Roman conquest of the ancient province of Cantabria. ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... This article is about the town in England. ... Lindum Colonia (otherwise simply Lindum or, more formally, Colonia Domitiana Lindensium) was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. ... York is a city in Northern England, built at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss. ... For other uses, see Britannia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Britannia (disambiguation). ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (April 26, 121[1] – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death. ... Bar Kokhba’s revolt (132-135 CE) against the Roman Empire, also known as The Second Jewish-Roman War or The Second Jewish Revolt, was a second major rebellion by the Jews of Iudaea. ... Satellite photo of the Strait of Messina with names. ... The naval Battle of Naulochus was fought on 3 September 36 BC between the fleets of Sextus Pompeius and Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, near Naulochus, Sicily. ... Desert hills in southern Judea, looking east from the town of Arad Judea or Judaea (יהודה Praise, Standard Hebrew Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Yəhûḏāh) is a term used for the mountainous southern part of historic Palestine, an area now divided... Jerusalem (Modern Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim, Biblical and trad. ... Desert hills in southern Judea, looking east from the town of Arad Judea or Judaea (יהודה Praise, Standard Hebrew Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Yəhûḏāh) is a term used for the mountainous southern part of historic Palestine, an area now divided... A French galley and Dutch men-of-war off a port by Abraham Willaerts, painted 17th century. ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Noviomagus is a Latin composite name for Preroman Celtic placenames containing the Celtic word magos = field or plain, Latin novio means new. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]; Slovenian: Dunaj, Croatian and Serbian: Beč Romanian: Viena, Hungarian: Bécs, Czech: Vídeň, Slovak: Viedeň, Romany Vidnya, Russian: Вена) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... For other persons named Claudius, see Claudius (disambiguation). ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... Vindonissa is the Roman name for Windisch in modern Switzerland. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Silistra (a. ... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... For other uses, see Jupiter (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Aegyptus from Egyptian mythology. ... Raphana, in Syria, was a city of the Decapolis. ... Malatya is a city in south-eastern Turkey, and the capital of Malatya Province. ... In ancient geography, Cappadocia or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya (from Persian: Katpatuka meaning the land of beautiful horses, Greek: Καππαδοκία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of the extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... For the village of the same name in Bulgaria, see Emona (Burgas). ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... For other meanings for Augsburg: See Augsburg (disambiguation) , Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... Ptuj Area: 66. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Alba Iulia (Hungarian: Gyulafehérvár, German: Karlsburg) is a city in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 66,369, located on the Mureş river. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... Moesia is an ancient province situated in the areas of modern Serbia and Bulgaria. ... Adjectives: Martian Atmosphere Surface pressure: 0. ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... Map of Germany showing Mainz Mainz (French Mayence) is a city in Germany, which is the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... For other uses, see Britannia (disambiguation). ... Map of Germany showing Mainz Mainz (French Mayence) is a city in Germany, which is the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Carnuntum (Καρνοιις in Ptolemy) was an important Roman army camp in what is now Austria. ... Noricum in ancient geography was a celtic kingdom in Austria and later a province of the Roman Empire. ... For other uses, see Apollo (disambiguation). ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... Carnuntum (Καρνοιις in Ptolemy) was an important Roman army camp in what is now Austria. ... Noricum in ancient geography was a celtic kingdom in Austria and later a province of the Roman Empire. ... Located in Armenia, the city of Satala, according to the ancient geographers, was situated in a valley surrounded by mountains, a little north of the Euphrates, where the road from Trapezus to Samosata crossed the boundary of the Roman Empire. ... In ancient geography, Cappadocia or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya (from Persian: Katpatuka meaning the land of beautiful horses, Greek: Καππαδοκία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of the extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). ... Statue of a griffin at St. ... Fortuna governs the circle of the four stages of life, the Wheel of Fortune, in a manuscript of Carmina Burana In Roman mythology, Fortuna (equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche) goddess of fortune, was the personification of luck, hopefully of good luck, but she could be represented veiled and blind... Map of Germany showing Mainz Mainz (French Mayence) is a city in Germany, which is the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... Neuss is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... This article, Batavian rebellion, includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Map of Germany showing Mainz Mainz (French Mayence) is a city in Germany, which is the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... Neuss is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... This article, Batavian rebellion, includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (born November 17, 9, died June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... Located in Armenia, the city of Satala, according to the ancient geographers, was situated in a valley surrounded by mountains, a little north of the Euphrates, where the road from Trapezus to Samosata crossed the boundary of the Roman Empire. ... In ancient geography, Cappadocia or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya (from Persian: Katpatuka meaning the land of beautiful horses, Greek: Καππαδοκία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of the extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). ... Samosata, meaning sun, was an ancient city whose ruins still exist at the modern Turkish city of Samsat. ... In ancient geography, Cappadocia or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya (from Persian: Katpatuka meaning the land of beautiful horses, Greek: Καππαδοκία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was the name of the extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). ... History In Roman times, the province of Gallia Aquitania originally comprised the region of Gaul between the Pyrenees Mountains and the Garonne River, but Augustus Caesar added to it the land between the Garonne and the Loire River. ... Xanten is a town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany, located in the district of Wesel. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... Combatants Germanic tribes (Cherusci, Marsi, Chatti, and Bructeri) Roman Empire Commanders Arminius Publius Quinctilius Varus † Strength Unknown, but probably 18,000 3 Roman legions, 3 alae and 6 auxiliary cohorts, probably 24,000 Casualties Unknown, maybe 7,000 About 23,000 The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (Schlacht im Teutoburger... The Hermannsdenkmal Arminius (also Armin, 18 BC/17 BC - 21 AD) was a chieftain of the Cherusci who defeated a Roman army in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. ... Xanten is a town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany, located in the district of Wesel. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... Combatants Germanic tribes (Cherusci, Marsi, Chatti, and Bructeri) Roman Empire Commanders Arminius Publius Quinctilius Varus † Strength Unknown, but probably 18,000 3 Roman legions, 3 alae and 6 auxiliary cohorts, probably 24,000 Casualties Unknown, maybe 7,000 About 23,000 The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (Schlacht im Teutoburger... The Hermannsdenkmal Arminius (also Armin, 18 BC/17 BC - 21 AD) was a chieftain of the Cherusci who defeated a Roman army in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. ... Combatants Germanic tribes (Cherusci, Marsi, Chatti, and Bructeri) Roman Empire Commanders Arminius Publius Quinctilius Varus † Strength Unknown, but probably 18,000 3 Roman legions, 3 alae and 6 auxiliary cohorts, probably 24,000 Casualties Unknown, maybe 7,000 About 23,000 The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (Schlacht im Teutoburger... The Hermannsdenkmal Arminius (also Armin, 18 BC/17 BC - 21 AD) was a chieftain of the Cherusci who defeated a Roman army in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. ... Valerius was a Roman nomen of the gens Valerii, one of the oldest families of the city. ... Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus (64 BC - AD 8) was a Roman general, author and patron of literature and art. ... This article is about the highest office of the Roman Republic. ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... For other uses, see Britannia (disambiguation). ... Deva can refer to: Deva (Hinduism), a Hindu deity. ... Carausius coin from Londinium mint. ... Allectus (died 296) was a Roman emperor in Britain (293–296). ... Gaius Flavius Valerius Constantius (March 31, 250–July 25, 306) was an emperor of the Western Roman Empire (305–306). ... Roman Imperial province of Hispania Tarraconensis, 120 AD Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ... Regensburg (also Ratisbon, Latin Ratisbona) is a city (population 151. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Xanten is a town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany, located in the district of Wesel. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... Vindonissa is the Roman name for Windisch in modern Switzerland. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... Map of Germany showing Mainz Mainz (French Mayence) is a city in Germany, which is the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ... Rhoxolani were Sarmatian tribes that migrated in the 3rd and 4th century BC from the territories north of Azov Sea toward the Danube, in what is now the Baragan steppes in Romania. ... Sarmatian Cataphract Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae (the second form is mostly used by the earlier Greek writers, the other by the later Greeks and the Romans) were a people whom Herodotus (4. ... Deiotarus was a tetrarch of Galatia (Gallo-Graecia) in Asia Minor, and a faithful ally of the Romans. ... According to the notion of client states, just as a client of a corporation remains dependent on the corporation for a continued supply of products, and just as it is in the companys interest to make expendable products which need to be replaced regularly, client states of the two... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Nickname: Alexandria on the map of Egypt Map of Alexandria Coordinates: , Country Egypt Founded 334 BC Government  - Governor Adel Labib Population (2001)  - City 3,500,000 Time zone EET (UTC+2)  - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3) Twin Cities  - Baltimore  United States  - Cleveland  United States  - ConstanÅ£a  Romania  - Durban  South Africa... This article is about the Aegyptus from Egyptian mythology. ... Bar Kokhba’s revolt (132-135 CE) against the Roman Empire, also known as The Second Jewish-Roman War or The Second Jewish Revolt, was a second major rebellion by the Jews of Iudaea. ... Fortuna governs the circle of the four stages of life, the Wheel of Fortune, in a manuscript of Carmina Burana In Roman mythology, Fortuna (equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche) goddess of fortune, was the personification of luck, hopefully of good luck, but she could be represented veiled and blind... Map of Germany showing Mainz Mainz (French Mayence) is a city in Germany, which is the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces | German history | Germany | History of the Germanic peoples ... This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now... Xanten is a town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany, located in the district of Wesel. ... The Roman province of Germania Inferior, 120 AD Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in todays southern and western Netherlands, the whole of Belgium and Luxembourg, parts of north-eastern France, and western Germany. ...

External links

  • livius.org Roman legions
  • A catalogue of Roman legions
  • Lego V Living History Group in Tennessee
Military of ancient Rome Portal

  Results from FactBites:
 
List of Roman legions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1748 words)
These are mainly legions of the Roman Empire; earlier legions were not permanent named organizations.
In the last years of the Republic, several Roman generals started to levy legions with their own money; these legions were loyal to their commanders, rather than to the Senate, so their presence increased the power of these generals.
Maintaining these legions was, however, expensive, so they were usually levied for particular campaigns (such as those of Pompey against the pirates, those of Julius Caesar against Gauls, those of Mark Antony and Crassus against the Parthian Empire, and so on), and disbanded as soon these campaigns ended.
Roman legion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (3549 words)
The Roman legion (from the Latin legio, meaning levy) was the basic military unit of ancient Rome.
Much of Roman history during this time is founded on legends, but it is believed that during the reign of Servius Tullius, all Roman able-bodied, property-owning male citizens were first divided into five classes for military service based on wealth, since soldiers provided their own weapons and equipment.
With each legion having 4,000-6000 legionaries supported by an equal number of auxiliary troops, the size of a legion during the Pax Romana ranged from 8,000-12,000 (With the more prestigious legions and those stationed on hostile borders or in restive provinces tending to be larger).
  More results at FactBites »


 

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