| This is a list of important publications in medicine, organized by field. Medicine is a branch of health science concerned with restoring and maintaining health. ...
Some reasons why a particular publication might be regarded as important:
- Topic creator – A publication that created a new topic
- Breakthrough – A publication that changed scientific knowledge significantly
- Introduction – A publication that is a good introduction or survey of a topic
- Influence – A publication which has significantly influenced the world
- Latest and greatest – The current most advanced result in a topic
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Foundations
De Materia Medica - Author: Pedanius Dioscorides
- Publication data: De Materia Medica, 50–70
- Online version: Online version of first volume (http://www.cancerlynx.com/BOOKONEAROMATICS.PDF)
- Description: This five-volume work was a precursor to all modern pharmacopeias. In fact, it remained in use until about 1600 with only additional commentary and minor additions from Arabian and Indian sources.
- Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Impact
Pedanius Dioscorides Pedanius Dioscorides (c. ...
For other uses, see number 50. ...
For other uses, see number 70. ...
Pharmacopeia (literally, the art of the drug compounder), in its modern technical sense, is a book containing directions for the identification of samples and the preparation of compound medicines, and published by the authority of a government or a medical or pharmaceutical society. ...
Events January January 1 - Scotland adopts January 1st as being New Years Day February February 17 - Giordano Bruno burned in a stake for heresy July July 2 - Battle of Nieuwpoort: Dutch forces under Maurice of Nassau defeat Spanish forces under Archduke Albert in a battle on the coastal dunes. ...
The term the Middle East sometimes applies to the peninsula alone, but usually refers to the Arabian Peninsula plus the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Iran. ...
Recent studies Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observation on male British doctors - Authors: R. Doll, R. Peto, J. Boreham, I. Sutherland
- Publication data: BMJ 2004;328:1519–33.
- Description: This is the British doctors study. A prospective clinical trial which has been running from 1951 to 2001, and in 1956 provided convincing statistical evidence that tobacco smoking increases the risk of lung cancer.
- Importance: Impact
Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study The British Medical Journal (BMJ) is a medical journal published weekly in the United Kingdom by the British Medical Association (BMA). ...
2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The British doctors study is the generally accepted name of a prospective clinical trial which has been running from 1951 to 2001, and in 1956 provided convincing statistical proof that tobacco smoking increased the risk of lung cancer. ...
In medicine, a clinical trial (synonyms: clinical studies, research protocols, medical research) is a research study. ...
1951 was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...
2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
1956 was a leap year starting on Sunday. ...
Smoking is cool. ...
Lung cancer is a malignant tumour of the lungs. ...
- Authors: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group.
- Publication data: Lancet 1994;344:1383–1389
- Description: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (also known under the abbreviation 4S) is a multicenter clinical trial that was performed in the 1990s in Scandinavia. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of a cholesterol-lowering drug called simvastatin on mortality and morbidity in group of 4444 patients with coronary heart disease, aged between 35 and 70 years. The patients presented with moderate hypercholesterolemia between 5.5 and 8.0 mmol/L. The results of the trial showed that simvastatin had a lowering effect on mortality and morbidity of patients suffering from coronary heart disease.
- Importance: Impact
Heart Protection Study A lancet is a medical instrument, similar to a scalpel but with a double-edged blade. ...
1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ...
The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (also known under the abbreviation 4S) is a multicenter clinical trial that was performed in 1990s in Scandinavia. ...
In medicine, a clinical trial (synonyms: clinical studies, research protocols, medical research) is a research study. ...
Events and trends Technology Explosive growth of the Internet; decrease in the cost of computers and other technology Reduction in size and cost of mobile phones leads to a massive surge in their popularity Year 2000 problem (commonly known as Y2K) Microsoft Windows operating system becomes virtually ubiquitous on IBM...
Scandinavia is the cultural and historic region of the Scandinavian Peninsula. ...
Cholesterol is a steroid lipid, found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. ...
In pharmacology, simvastatin (Zocor®, Zocor Heart Pro®, marketed by the pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. ...
In epidemiology, the morbidity rate is a ratio that measures the incidence and prevalence of a specific disease. ...
Coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerotic heart disease, is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium (the muscle of the heart). ...
Hypercholesterolemia (literally: high blood cholesterol) is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. ...
- Authors: Medical Research Council
- Online version: Research site (http://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/~hps/)
- Description: The Heart Protection Study is a large randomized controlled trial by the Medical Research Council (MRC) in the United Kingdom. It studies the use of statin (simvastatin 40 mg) medication and vitamin supplementation (vitamin E, vitamin C and beta carotene) in patients that are at risk for cardiovascular disease.
- Importance: Impact
Current MRC logo The Medical Research Council (MRC) is a UK organisation dedicated to promot[ing] the balanced development of medical and related biological research in the UK. Organisation The MRC is one of seven Research Councils and is answerable to, although politically independent from, the Office of Science and...
The Heart Protection Study is a large randomized controlled trial by the Medical Research Council (MRC) in the United Kingdom. ...
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is a form of clinical trial, or scientific procedure used in the testing of the efficacy of medicine, used because of its record of reliability. ...
Lovastatin, the first statin to be marketed The statins form a class of hypolipidemic agents. ...
In pharmacology, simvastatin (Zocor®, Zocor Heart Pro®, marketed by the pharmaceutical company Merck & Co. ...
A medication is a licenced drug or substance taken to reduce symptoms or cure an illness or medical condition. ...
Vitamins are organic chemicals that a given living organism requires in trace quantities for good health, but which the organism cannot synthesize, and therefore must obtain from its diet. ...
Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. ...
Vitamin C is a water-soluble nutrient essential for life and is used by the human body for many purposes. ...
Carotene is a terpene, an orange photosynthetic pigment, important for photosynthesis. ...
Cardiovascular disease refers to all diseases that involve the heart and/or blood vessels, arteries, and veins. ...
Bioethics is the ethics of biological science and medicine. ...
Biostatistics : A Bayesian Introduction Biostatistics (sometimes known as biometrics, though a recent development is the use of biometrics to refer to an entirely different field), most generally, is the application of statistics to biology and, most commonly, to medicine. ...
Authors: George G. Woodworth
Publication data: Wiley-Interscience (August 20, 2004) ISBN: 0471468428
Description: This book presents an introduction to biostatistics through the Bayesian lens
Importance:
Developmental biology or embryology (Greek εμβρυολογία) is the study of the process by which organisms grow and develop. ...
Nutrition is interpreted as the study of the organic process by which an organism assimilates and uses food and liquids for normal functioning, growth and maintenance and to maintain the balance between health and disease. ...
Transfusion medicine (or transfusiology) is the branch of medicine that is concerned with the transfusion of blood and blood components. ...
Chemical pathology (also known as clinical biochemistry or clinical chemistry) is the area of pathology that is generally concerned with analysis of bodily fluids. ...
Hematology Hematology is the branch of medicine that is concerned with blood and its disorders. ...
Radiology is the branch of medical science dealing with the medical use of x-ray machines or other such radiation devices. ...
Interventional Radiology is an area of medicine which combines diagnostic imaging with invasive procedures. ...
Nuclear medicine is the branch of medicine that uses unsealed radioactive substances in diagnosis and therapy. ...
Anesthesia (AE), also anaesthesia (BE), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. ...
Pain medicine is a branch of anaesthetics concerned with the treatment of acute and chronic pain. ...
Dermatology is a branch of medicine dealing with the skin, its structure, functions, and diseases (from Greek derma, skin), as well as its appendages (nails, hair, sweat glands). ...
Emergency medicine is a branch of medicine that is practiced in a hospital emergency department, in the field (in a modified form; see EMS), and other locations where initial medical treatment of trauma and illness takes place. ...
A general practitioner (GP) or family physician (FP) is a physician who provides primary care. ...
Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life. ...
Hospital medicine is the general medical care of hospitalized patients. ...
Intensive care medicine or critical care medicine is concerned with providing greater than ordinary medical care and observation to people in a critical or unstable condition. ...
Internal medicine is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of internal diseases, that is, those that affect internal organs or the body as a whole. ...
Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction Cardiology is the branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. ...
- Authors: Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Brown MW, Andrews ML; Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II Investigators.
- Publication data: N Engl J Med. 2002 Mar 21;346(12):877-83. Epub 2002 Mar 19. (MADIT 2)
- Description: This study shows that anyone with coronary heart disease and decreased ejection fraction should receive an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Applying the recommendation threatens to bankrupt the entire health care industry of the United States with its cost burden the government (a one-time cost of > $250 billion, with yearly expenditures of about 10% of that).
- Importance: Impact
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society. ...
Coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerotic heart disease, is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium (the muscle of the heart). ...
The ejection fraction (EF) or, more correctly, left-ventricular ejection fraction (often abbreviated LVEF) is a measure of how much blood the left ventricle of the heart pumps out with each contraction. ...
An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a device that is implanted under the skin of patients that are at risk of sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation. ...
Health care or healthcare is the delivery of medical services by specialist providers, such as midwives, doctors, nurses, home health aides, vaccination technicians and physicians assistants. ...
Gastroenterology or Gastrology might be better described as the field of digestive diseases, which are traditionally separated by anatomic or functional category. ...
Pancreatic extracts in the treatment of diabetes mellitus Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones. ...
Diabetes mellitus is a medical disorder characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar levels), especially after eating. ...
- Author: Banting FG, Best CH, Collip JB, Campbell WR, Fletcher AA
- Publication data: Canadian Medical Association Journal 1922;12:141-146.
- Online version: Online version (http://www.jameslindlibrary.org/trial_records/20th_Century/1920s/banting/banting_whole_1.html)
- Description: Banting and Best proved the existence of the hypothetical pancreatic substance termed "insulin" by Sharpey-Schafer.
- Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Impact
Diabetes mellitus: its differentiation into insulin-sensitive and insulin-insensitive types. The structure of insulin Red: carbon; green: oxygen; blue: nitrogen; pink: sulfur. ...
Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer (1850-1935) coined the word insulin after theorising that a single substance from the pancreas was responsible for diabetes mellitus. ...
- Author: Himsworth HP
- Publication data: Lancet 1936;i:127-130.
- Online version:
- Description: Himsworth noted that there are two main types of diabetes, the insulin-depleted (type 1) and the insulin-resistant form (type 2). Insulin resistance is a term and concept of his coinage.
- Importance: Breakthrough, Impact
The Lancet is a British medical journal, published weekly by the Lancet Publishing Group. ...
In medicine, insulin resistance denotes a decompensation of glucose homeostasis where the tissues appear to be less responsive to insulin. ...
Hematology is the branch of medicine that is concerned with blood and its disorders. ...
In medicine, infectious disease or communicable disease is disease caused by a biological agent (e. ...
Nephrology is the branch of internal medicine dealing with the study of the function and diseases of the kidney. ...
Please refer to cancer for the biology of malignant disease, as well as a list of malignant diseases. ...
In medicine, pulmonology is the specialty that deals with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory tract. ...
Rheumatology, a subspecialty of internal medicine, is devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases. ...
Neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems. ...
Obstetrics (from the Latin obstare, to stand by) is the surgical specialty dealing with the care of a woman and her offspring during pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (the period shortly after birth). ...
The shamefulness associated with the examination of female genitalia has long inhibited the science of gynaecology. ...
Palliative care is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of the symptoms of a disease or slows its progress rather than providing a cure. ...
Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants and children. ...
Public health is an aspect of health services concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. ...
Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that studies and treats mental and emotional disorders (see mental illness). ...
Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis). ...
General Surgery deals with surgical treatment of abdominal organs, e. ...
Neurosurgery is the surgical discipline focused on treating the central and peripheral nervous system. ...
Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine which deals with the diseases of the eye and their treatment. ...
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (BE: orthopaedics) is the branch of surgery concerned with acute, chronic, traumatic and recurrent injuries and other disorders of the locomotor system, its musclular and bone parts. ...
Otolaryngology is the branch of medicine that specialises in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head & neck disorders. ...
Plastic surgery is a general term for operative manual and instrumental treatment which is performed for functional or aesthetic reasons. ...
Urology is the field of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and of the male reproductive system. ...
Vascular surgery is the branch of surgery that occupies itself with surgical interventions of arteries and veins, as well as conservative therapies for disease of the peripheral vascular system. ...
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the medical use of oxygen at a higher than atmospheric pressure. ...
Electronic patient chart of a HIS Medical Informatics is the name given to the application of information technology to healthcare. ...
Nosology (in Greek Nosos = Disease) is a branch of medicine that deals with classification of diseases. ...
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