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Encyclopedia > Lists of incumbents

These are lists of incumbents, i.e. lists of people in various offices and positions, including heads of states or of subnational entities (in no particular order). A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current incumbents.

Lists of people
By name
By belief
By nationality
By occupation
By office held
By prize won

Current incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes on 2004 in politics, and past leaders on State leaders by year.


Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet, chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), first names, head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), Secretary of State.

Contents
1 Religious leaders

1.1 Christian

1.1.1 Roman Catholic

1.1.1.1 England
1.1.1.2 Scotland
1.1.1.3 Wales
1.1.1.4 Ireland
1.1.1.5 Germany
1.1.1.6 Belgium

1.1.2 Anglican Communion

1.1.2.1 England & Ecclesiastical Dependencies
1.1.2.2 Wales
1.1.2.3 Scotland
1.1.2.4 Ireland

1.1.3 Orthodox Christian
1.1.4 other

1.2 Judaism
1.3 Islam
1.4 Buddhist

2 Heads of International Organizations
3 Heads of State or Government (Defunct Entities)

3.1 Ancient World
3.2 Middle Ages

3.2.1 Africa
3.2.2 Americas
3.2.3 Asia (excl. Latin, Hellenic and Arabic)
3.2.4 Near Eastern (Arabic, Turk, Kurd)
3.2.5 Europe
3.2.6 Hellenic and Latin/Crusader States
3.2.7 Oceania

4 Heads of State or Government (Modern Entities)

4.1 Africa
4.2 America, Central and the Caribbean
4.3 America, North
4.4 America, South
4.5 Asia
4.6 Australasia
4.7 Europe
4.8 Middle East

5 Heads of modern subnational entities

5.1 Australia
5.2 Belgium
5.3 Canada
5.4 Finland
5.5 France
5.6 Germany
5.7 India
5.8 Sweden
5.9 United States

6 Ministers by portfolio
7 Municipal leaders

7.1 Argentina
7.2 Australia
7.3 Canada
7.4 Germany
7.5 Irish Republic
7.6 United Kingdom
7.7 USA

8 External links

Religious leaders

Christian

Roman Catholic

England

Scotland

Wales

Ireland
  • Archbishops of Armagh - Primate of All Ireland (Catholic)

Germany

Belgium

Anglican Communion

England & Ecclesiastical Dependencies

Wales

Scotland

Ireland
  • Archbishops of Armagh - Primate of All Ireland (Church of Ireland)
  • Archbishop of Armagh
  • Archbishop of Dublin
  • Bishop of Cashel and Ossory
  • Bishop of Clogher
  • Bishop of Connor
  • Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross
  • Bishop of Derry and Raphoe
  • Bishop of Down and Dromore
  • Bishop of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh
  • Bishop of Limerick and Killaloe
  • Bishop of Meath and Kildare
  • Bishop of Tuam, Killala and Achonry

Orthodox Christian

other

  • Presidents of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Judaism

  • Chief Rabbis of Israel

Islam

Buddhist

See also: Religious leaders by year


Heads of International Organizations

See also: List of international organization leaders in 2003, 2004


Heads of State or Government (Defunct Entities)

Ancient World

Middle Ages

Africa

Americas

Asia (excl. Latin, Hellenic and Arabic)

Near Eastern (Arabic, Turk, Kurd)

Europe

Hellenic and Latin/Crusader States

Oceania

Heads of State or Government (Modern Entities)

See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year.


Africa

  Results from FactBites:
 
Incumbent (475 words)
Incumbents also have easier access to campaign finance, as well as government resources (such as the franking privilege) that can be indirectly used to boost a campaign.
For example, a Democratic incumbent in historically conservative Texas would have a less likely chance of winning than a Democratic incumbent in liberal New York City, because Texas has shifted away from the Democratic party in terms of voting.
Popularly known as the anti-incumbency factor, situations of this kind occur when the incumbent has proven himself not worthy of office during his tenure and the challenger demonstrates this fact to the voters.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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