Lope de Aguirre

Lope de Aguirre (c. 1510 – 27 October 1561) was a Spanish Basque conquistador in South America. Sent, along with other rebellious settlers, on an impossible mission in search of the mythical El Dorado on the Amazon river, he eventually became their leader and rebelled against Philip II, before being defeated and slain. Image File history File links Lopedeagguire. ... Image File history File links Lopedeagguire. ... Year 1510 (MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Language(s) Basque - few monoglots Spanish - 1,525,000 monoglots French - 150,000 monoglots Basque-Spanish - 600,000 speakers Basque-French - 76,000 speakers other native languages Religion(s) Traditionally Roman Catholic The Basques (Basque: ) are an ethnic group who inhabit parts of north-central Spain and southwestern France. ... A Conquistador (Spanish: []) (English: Conqueror) was a Spanish soldier, explorer and adventurer who took part in the gradual invasion and conquering of much of the Americas and Asia Pacific, bringing them under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 19th centuries. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... El Dorado or Eldorado (Spanish for the gilded one) is a legend that began with the story of a South American tribal chief who covered himself with gold dust and would dive into a lake of pure mountain water. ... Philip II may refer to: Philip II of Macedon (382–336 BC); Philip II of France (1165–1223); Philip II of Navarre and V of France (1293–1322); Philip II of Taranto (1329–1374); Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404); Philip II of Spain and I of Portugal (1527...

In Spain

Aguirre was born circa 1510 in Araotz Valley, in the Basque province of Guipúzcoa, part of the kingdom of Castile. (Today, Araotz belongs to the near municipality of Oñati, in northern Spain.) He was the son of a nobleman, with some culture, possibly from a family of court clerks. Aguirre was in his twenties and living in Seville when Hernándo Pizarro returned from Peru and brought back the treasures of the Incas, inspiring Aguirre to follow in his footsteps. Location of the Basque Country The Basque Country divided in seven provinces Capital Pamplona Official languages Basque, French, Spanish Demonym Basque Currency Euro The Basque-speaking areas This article is about the overall Basque domain. ... Guipuscoa province. ... The starting point of Crown of Castile can be considered when the union of the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon in 1230 or the later fusion of their Cortes (their Parlaments). ... The Antigua Universitad del Pais Vasco Oñati is a town located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, in the north of Spain. ... For other uses, see Seville (disambiguation). ... Hernando Pizarro (1508-1608?) was a Spanish conquistador and one of the Pizarro brothers who ruled over Peru. ... For other meanings of Inca, see Inca (disambiguation). ...

In the New World

Aguirre probably enlisted himself in an expedition of 250 men chosen under Rodrigo Buran. He arrived in Peru in 1536 or 1537. In Cuzco, among other activities, Aguirre was responsible for the training of stallions. As a conquistador, however, he soon became infamous for his violence, cruelty, and sedition. Events January 6 - Alessandro de Medici assassinated August 25 - The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, was formed. ... This article is the city in Peru. ...

In 1544, Aguirre was at the side of Peru's first viceroy, Blasco Núñez Vela, who had arrived from Spain with orders to implement the New Laws, suppress the Encomiendas, and liberate the natives. Many of the conquistadors refused to implement these laws, which prohibited them from exploiting the Indians. Lope de Aguirre, however, took part in the plot with Melchor Verdugo to free the viceroy, and thus turned against Gonzalo Pizarro. After the failed attempt, they escaped from Lima to Cajamarca, and started to gather men to help the viceroy. In the meantime, the viceroy had escaped, thanks to oidor Alvarez, by sea to Tumbes and had formed a little army thinking that all the country was going to awake under the royal flag. The viceroy's resistance to Gonzalo Pizarro and his deputy Francisco de Carvajal, the infamous "demon of the Andes," would last for two years until he was defeated in Añaquito on January 18, 1546. Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. ... Blasco Núñez Vela was the first Spanish viceroy of Peru Blasco Núñez Vela (1490 - 1546) was the first viceroy of Peru (1544–46). ... During the Spanish colonization of the Americas, the New Laws of 1542 were created to prevent the exploitation of the indigenous people by the encomenderos. ... The encomienda[1] system was a trusteeship labor system employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines in order to consolidate their conquests. ... Gonzalo Pizarro (b. ... For other uses, see Lima (disambiguation). ... This article is about the city of Cajamarca. ... Tumbes is a city in northwestern Peru. ... Francisco de Carvajal (b. ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events Spanish conquest of Yucatan Peace between England and France Foundation of Trinity College, Cambridge by Henry VIII of England Katharina von Bora flees to Magdeburg Science Architecture Michelangelo Buonarroti is made chief architect of St. ...

Melchor Verdugo and Lope de Aguirre had gone to Nicaragua sailing to Trujillo with thirty-three men. Melchor Verdugo had conferred captain's rank on Rodrigo de Esquivel and Nuño de Guzmán, sergeant major rank on Aguirre and contador status to P. Henao. Henao would later participate in the expedition of Pedro de Ursúa to Omagua and El Dorado. However, in 1551, Lope de Aguirre returned to Potosí (then still part of Peru and now part of Bolivia). The judge Francisco de Esquivel arrested him and charged him with infraction of the laws for the protection of the Indians. The judge discounted Aguirre's reasons and his claims of gentry and sentenced him to a public flogging. His pride wounded, Aguirre waited until the end of the judge's mandate. Fearing Aguirre's vengeance, the judge fled, changing his residence constantly. The name Trujillo is shared by several different places: Trujillo, Colombia, a municipality in the Valle del Cauca department. ... Nuño Guzmán de Beltrán or Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán (15th century-1550) was a Spanish conquistador and dictator in colonial Mexico. ... Pedro de Ursúa (1526–1561) was a Spanish conquistador in the 16th century. ... Omagua or Low Jungle is one of the eight Natural Regions of Peru. ... El Dorado or Eldorado (Spanish for the gilded one) is a legend that began with the story of a South American tribal chief who covered himself with gold dust and would dive into a lake of pure mountain water. ... Potosí is a city, the capital of the department of Potosí in Bolivia. ... An hidalgo or fidalgo was a member of the lower Spanish and Portuguese nobility. ...

Aguirre pursued Esquivel by foot to Lima, Quito and then on to Cuzco. In three years he ran 6,000 km by foot, unshod, on the trail of Esquivel. The soldiers followed this obstinate pursuit with interest. Finally, Aguirre found him in Cuzco, in the mansion of the magistrate; while Esquivel was taking a nap in the library, wearing a coat of mail he always wore on for fear of Aguirre. Aguirre cut his temples. (Supposedly Aguirre later returned to search for a sombrero he had left behind.) Protected by friends who had hidden him, he fled from Cuzco, taking refuge with a relative in Guamanga. For other uses, see Lima (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Quito (disambiguation). ... This article is the city in Peru. ...

In 1554, needing to put down the rebellion of Hernández Girón, Alonzo de Alvarado secured a pardon for everyone who enlisted in his army and had been affiliated with Lope de Aguirre. Aguirre fought and was wounded at the battle of Chuquinga against Girón, resulting in an incurable limp that would ostracise him from his peers. Events January 5 - Great fire in Eindhoven, Netherlands. ... Alonzo de Alvarado was a Spanish Conquistador, loyal to the crown. ...

Search for El Dorado

He joined the 1560 expedition of Pedro de Ursúa down the Marañón and Amazon Rivers with 300 men and hundreds of natives. A year later, he participated in the overthrow and killing of Ursúa and his successor, Fernando de Guzmán, whom he ultimately succeeded. He and his men reached the Atlantic (probably by the Orinoco River), destroying native villages on the way. In March 23, 1561, Aguirre urged 186 captains and soldiers to sign an act which would proclaim him as prince of Peru, Tierra Firma and Chile. Pedro de Ursúa (1526–1561) was a Spanish conquistador in the 16th century. ... The river Marañón rises about 100 miles to the north-east of Lima, Peru. ... This article is about the river. ... For other uses, see Orinoco (disambiguation). ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... Tierra Firma (also Tierra Firme, Spanish from the Latin terra firma, dry land) served in Spanish colonial times as the name of the Isthmus of Panama, which was a province of New Granada. ...

He is reputed to have said in 1561:

I am the Wrath of God,

the Prince of Freedom,

Lord of Tierra Firme and the Provinces of Chile

In 1561, he seized Isla Margarita and brutally suppressed any opposition to his reign. When he crossed to the mainland in an attempt to take Panama, his open rebellion against the Spanish crown came to an end. He was surrounded at Barquisimeto, Venezuela, where he murdered his own daughter Elvira "because someone that I loved so much should not come to be bedded by uncouth people". He also killed several followers who intended to capture him. He was eventually captured and shot. Aguirre's body was cut into quarters and sent to various cities across Venezuela. Puerto Cruz beach. ... Coat of Arms of the King of Spain King of Spain redirects here. ... Nickname: Motto: (none) Coordinates: , Country Venezuela State Lara Counties Iribarren Municipality Government  - Mayor Henry Falcón (2004 – 2008) Elevation 556 m (2,198 ft) Website: alcaldiadebarquisimeto. ...

Popular culture

Aguirre has three times been represented in the movies: first by Klaus Kinski in the allegorical film Aguirre, the Wrath of God in 1973, secondly by Omero Antonutti in El Dorado, and more recently in Tears Of God, which is from the perspective of two fictional foot soldiers under Aguirre's command. Klaus Kinski (October 18, 1926 – November 23, 1991) was a German actor, famous for his ability to project onscreen intensity, and for his explosive temperament. ... For other uses, see Aguirre (disambiguation). ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Omero Antonutti, (born August 3, 1935, Basiliano, Udine, Italy) is a prolific Italian actor, appearing regularly in films and theatre performances. ...

References

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Image File history File links Question_book-3. ...

External links

• Letter from Lope de Aguirre to King Philip of Spain, 1561
• Bubers Basque Biography On Lope de Aguirre