?Lucknow Uttar Pradesh • India
Lucknow
Coordinates: 26°51′38″N 80°54′57″E / 26.860556, 80.915833
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	3,204 km² (1,237 sq mi) • 123 m (404 ft)
District(s)	Lucknow
Population • Density	2,800,000 (2006) • 331/km² (857/sq mi)
Language(s)	Hindi, Urdu
Mayor	Dinesh Sharma
District Magistrate	Chandra Bhanu
Codes • Pincode • Telephone • UN/LOCODE • Vehicle	• 226 xxx • +522 • INLKO • UP-32
Website: lucknow.nic.in

Coordinates: 26°51′38″N 80°54′57″E / 26.860556, 80.915833 , Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: , translation: Northern Province, IPA: ,  ), [often referred to as U.P.], located in central-south Asia and northern India, is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Locator_Dot. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Location of Mirzapur and the 82. ... The geography of India is diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, rainforests, hills, and plateaus. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 km² and 10,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... The divisions of a district. ... Lucknow District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... As a large and linguistically diverse country, India does not have a single official language. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the two central official languages of India, the other being English. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Example of a PIN: The PIN code of Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or post code system used by the Indian Postal Service. ... For the past decade or so, telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India. ... UN/LOCODE is a geographic coding scheme developed and maintained by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, a unit of the United Nations. ... Licence plates on the back of a taxi in Kolkata. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

Lucknow (pronunciation (help· info), Hindi: लखनऊ, Urdu: لکھنؤ, Lakhnaū) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state of India. It had a population of 2,541,101 in 2006.^[1] Lucknow is also the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division. Image File history File links Hi-Lucknow. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the two central official languages of India, the other being English. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... , Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: , translation: Northern Province, IPA: ,  ), [often referred to as U.P.], located in central-south Asia and northern India, is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lucknow District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. ... Lucknow divsion is an administrative geographical unit of Uttar Pradesh state of India. ...

Located in what was historically known as the Awadh region, Lucknow has always been a multicultural city. Courtly manners, beautiful gardens, poetry, music, and fine cuisine patronized by the Nawabs are well known among Indians and students of South Asian culture and history. Lucknow is popularly known as the The City of Nawabs. It is also known as the Golden City of the East, Shiraz-i-Hind and The Constantinople of India. Location of Awadh Awadh (Devanagari अवध) (also known in various British historical texts as Oudh, Oundh or Oude) is a region in the center of the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which was before Independence known as the United Provinces of Oudh and Agra. ... Nawab (Urdu: نواب ) was originally the subadar (provincial governor) or viceroy of a subah (province) or region of the Mughal empire, but became a high title for Muslim nobles. ... This article is about the city before the Fall of Constantinople (1453). ...

Today, Lucknow is a vibrant city that is witnessing an economic boom and is among the top ten fastest growing non-metropolitan cities of India. The unique combination of its cultured grace and newly acquired pace is its most promising feature that augurs well for the future.

History

The Chhota Imambara in Lucknow

Gateway to Bara Imambara

The ancient history of Lucknow is believed to begin after the Suryawanshi king Lord Rama ordered his younger brother Lakshman to establish a town at the present site of Lakshman Tila. Lucknow was named Lakshmanpuri or Lakhanpuri after him. Slowly the name Lakhanpuri became 'Lakhnau' and then named 'Lucknow' by the British. After 1300 AD the Lucknow and parts of Awadh region have been under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate ,the Mughal Empire, the Nawabs of Awadh, the East India Company and the British Raj. Lucknow has been one of the major centers of First War of Independence, participated actively in India’s Independence movement, and after Independence has emerged as an important city of North India. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 711 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) my own work I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 711 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) my own work I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 701 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (own work) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 701 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (own work) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... The Delhi Sultanate (دلی سلطنت), or Sulthanath-e-Hind (سلطنتِ ہند) / Sulthanath-e-Dilli (سلطنتِ دلی) refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. ... Capital Delhi / Agra Language(s) Persian (initially also Chagatai; later also Urdu) Government Monarchy List of Mughal emperors  - 1526-1530 Babur  - 1530–1539 and after restoration 1555–1556 Humayun  - 1556–1605 Akbar  - 1605–1627 Jahangir  - 1628–1658 Shah Jahan  - 1659–1707 Aurangzeb History  - Established April 21, 1526  - Ended September 21... Nawabs of Awadh , who governed Awadh in the 18th and 19th century are as follows; Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk 1722-1738 Safdar Jang Mansur Khan 1738-1753 Shuja-ud-Daula 1753-1774 Asaf-ud-Daula 1774-1797 Wazir Ali 1797-1798 Saadat Ali Khan 1798-1814 Ghaziuddin Haider 1814... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... Anthem God Save The King The British Indian Empire, 1909 Capital Calcutta (until 1912), New Delhi (after 1912) Language(s) Hindustani, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1858-1901 Victoria¹  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George VI Viceroy²  - 1858... Combatants Indian Patriots, Rebellious East India Company Sepoys, 7 Indian princely states, deposed rulers of Oudh and Jhansi, Indian civilians in some areas. ... The Indian Independence Movement was a series of revolutions empowered by the people of India put forth to battle the British Empire for complete political independence, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ... Dark green region marks the approximate extent of northern India while the regions marked as light green lies within the sphere of north Indian influence. ...

Until 1819, subah of Awadh was a province of the Mughal Empire administered by a Governor appointed by the Emperor. Saadat Khan also called Burhan-ul-Mulk a Persian adventurer was appointed the Nazim of Awadh in 1722 and he established his court in Faizabad [1] near Lucknow. A Subah is a province of the former Mughal Empire. ... Capital Delhi / Agra Language(s) Persian (initially also Chagatai; later also Urdu) Government Monarchy List of Mughal emperors  - 1526-1530 Babur  - 1530–1539 and after restoration 1555–1556 Humayun  - 1556–1605 Akbar  - 1605–1627 Jahangir  - 1628–1658 Shah Jahan  - 1659–1707 Aurangzeb History  - Established April 21, 1526  - Ended September 21... Wakil-i-Mutlaq, Burhan ul-Mulk, Itimad ud-Daula, Nawab Saadat Khan Bahadur, Shaukat Jang, better known as Saadat Khan or Burhan-ul-mulk, the founder of Awadh dynasty hailed from a noble Saiyid family of Nishapur in Khurasan. ... Location of Awadh Awadh (Devanagari अवध) (also known in various British historical texts as Oudh, Oundh or Oude) is a region in the center of the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which was before Independence known as the United Provinces of Oudh and Agra. ...

Awadh was known as the granary of India and was important strategically for the control of the Doba, the fertile plain between the Ganga and the Yamuna rivers. It was a wealthy kingdom, able to maintain its independence against threats from the Marathas, the British and the Afghans. The third Nawab, Shuja-ud-Daula fell out with the British after aiding Mir Qasim, the fugitive Nawab of Bengal. He was comprehensively defeated in the Battle of Buxar by the East India Company, after which he was forced to pay heavy penalties and cede parts of his territory. The British appointed a resident in 1773, and over time gained control of more territory and authority in the state. They were disinclined to capture Awadh outright, because that would bring them face to face with the Marathas and the remnants of the Mughal Empire. “Ganga” redirects here. ... Not to be confused with the nearby Jamuna River a tributary of the Meghna River, which is sometimes confused both in older historical literature, and by translations of the local dialects. ... The Marāthās (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... Shuja-ud-Daula (also known as Shuja) The ruler of the region that lies between the river Ganga and Yamuna (also called Jamuna) around 1761. ... Mir Qasim (d. ... siraj-ud-daula was the last independent nawab of bengal, he lost his state bengal to mir Quasim because he was busy in his luxurious life of a king ... Combatants Bengal, British East India Company Commanders Mir Kasim, Hector Munro Strength 40,000 infantry, 18,000 infantry, Casualties high low Battle of Buxar (October 1764) was a significant battle fought between the forces under the command of the British East India Company on the one side, and the combined... The companys flag initially had the flag of England, the St Georges Cross, in the canton The Honourable East India Company (HEIC), often colloquially referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ...

Lucknow's rise to growth and fame begins with its elevation as capital of Awadh by Nawab Asaf-Ud-Dowlah. He was a great philanthropist and gave Lucknow a unique and enduring legacy. The architectural contributions of these Awadh rulers include several imposing monuments. Of the monuments standing today, the Bara Imambara, the Chhota Imambara, and the Roomi Darwaza are notable examples. One of the more lasting contributions by the Nawabs is the syncretic composite culture that has come to be known as the Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb.. Location of Awadh Awadh (Devanagari अवध) (also known in various British historical texts as Oudh, Oundh or Oude) is a region in the center of the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which was before Independence known as the United Provinces of Oudh and Agra. ... Asaf-Ud-Dowlah was the nawab wazir of Oudh from 1775 to 1797, and the son of Shuja-ud-Dowlah, his mother and grandmother being the begums of Oudh, whose spoliation formed one of the chief counts in the charges against Warren Hastings. ... Bara Imambara is an imambara complex built by Asaf-ud-daulah, Nawab of Lucknow, in 1784. ... Chhota Imambara or Hussainabad Imambara is an imposing monument located in the city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Roomi Daraza in Lucknow is an imposing Gateway in Lucknow which was built under the patronage of Nawab Asaf-Ud-dowlah. ... Syncretism is the attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. ...

In 1798, the fifth Nawab Wazir Ali Shah alienated both his people and the British, and was forced to abdicate. The British then helped Saadat Ali Khan to the throne. Saadat Ali Khan was a puppet king, who in the treaty of 1801 ceded half of Awadh to the British East India Company and also agreed to disband his troops in favor of a hugely expensive, British-run army. This treaty effectively made the state of Awadh a vassal to the British East India Company, though it notionally continued to be part of the Mughal Empire in name until 1819.

The treaty of 1801 formed an arrangement that was very beneficial to the Company. They were able to use Awadh's vast treasuries, repeatedly digging into them for loans at reduced rates. In addition, the revenues from running Awadh's armed forces brought them useful revenues while it acted as a buffer state. The Nawabs were ceremonial kings, busy with pomp and show but with little influence over matters of state. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, the British had grown impatient with the arrangement and wanted direct control of Awadh.

In 1856 the East India Company first moved its troops to the border, then annexed the state, which was placed under a chief commissioner - Sir Henry Lawrence. Wajid Ali Shah, the then Nawab, was imprisoned, and then exiled by the Company to Calcutta. In the subsequent Revolt of 1857 his 14-year old son Birjis Qadr son of Begum Hazrat Mahal was crowned ruler, and Sir Henry Lawrence killed in the hostilities. Following the rebellion's defeat, Begum Hazrat Mahal and other rebel leaders obtained asylum in Nepal. 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence (June 28, 1806 - July 4, 1857) was a British soldier and statesman in India, who died defending Lucknow during the Indian Mutiny. ... Wajid Ali Shah (نواب واجد على شاه) (official name ) (1822-1887) was the tenth and last nawab of the princely kingdom of Awadh (Oudh) in present day Uttar Pradesh in India. ... This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... An engraving titled Sepoy Indian troops dividing the spoils after their mutiny against British rule gives a contemporary view of events from the British perspective. ... Begum Hazrat Mahal, also known as Begum of Awadh, was the wife of Nawab Wazid Ali Shah. ...

Wajid Ali Shah

Those company troops who were recruited from the state, along with some of the nobility of the state, were major players in the events of 1857. The rebels took control of Awadh, and it took the British 18 months to reconquer the region, months which included the famous Siege of Lucknow. Oudh was placed back under a chief commissioner, and was governed as a British province. In 1877 the offices of lieutenant-governor of the North-Western Provinces and chief commissioner of Oudh were combined in the same person; and in 1902, when the new name of United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was introduced, the title of chief commissioner was dropped, though Oudh still retained some marks of its former independence. Image File history File links Washah1. ... Image File history File links Washah1. ... Combatants British East India Company Indian Patriots Commanders Sir Henry Lawrence† Brigadier John Inglis Sir Henry Havelock† Sir James Outram Sir Colin Campbell No centralised command Strength rising to approx. ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... United Provinces, 1903 The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, mainly referred to simply as the United Provinces, was a former province of British India, which existed from 1902 to 1947. ...

The province of Awadh (anglicized to Oudh) was annexed by the East India Company in 1856 and placed under the control of a chief commissioner. In the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also known as the First War of Indian Independence and the Indian Mutiny), the garrison based at the Residency in Lucknow was besieged by rebel forces. The famous Siege of Lucknow was relieved first by forces under the command of Sir Henry Havelock and Sir James Outram, followed by a stronger force under Sir Colin Campbell. Today, the ruins of the Residency, and the picturesque Shaheed Smarak offer reminiscences of Lucknow's role in the stirring events of 1857. Combatants Indian Patriots, Rebellious East India Company Sepoys, 7 Indian princely states, deposed rulers of Oudh and Jhansi, Indian civilians in some areas. ... An engraving titled Sepoy Indian troops dividing the spoils after their mutiny against British rule gives a contemporary view of events from the British perspective. ... For people named Garrison, see Garrison (disambiguation) Garrison House, built by William Damm in 1675 at Dover, New Hampshire Garrison (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, to equip) is the collective term for the body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but... Residency is a stage of postgraduate medical training in North America which leads to eligibility for board certification in a primary care or referral specialty. ... A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition, often accompanied by an assault. ... Combatants British East India Company Indian Patriots Commanders Sir Henry Lawrence† Brigadier John Inglis Sir Henry Havelock† Sir James Outram Sir Colin Campbell No centralised command Strength rising to approx. ... Major-General Sir Henry Havelock (April 5, 1795 – November 29, 1857) was a British general who is particularly associated with India. ... Sir James Outram Sir James Outram (January 29, 1803-March 11, 1863), English general, and one of the heroes of the Indian Mutiny, was the son of Benjamin Outram of Butterley Hall, Derbyshire, civil engineer. ... Colin Campbell with William Mansfield, 1st Viscount Sandhurst Field Marshal Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde, GCB, KCSI (October 20, 1792–August 24, 1863) was a Scottish soldier. ...

The city played an important role in both the First War of Independence and the modern Indian freedom struggle. Whether it was the Lucknow Pact of 1916 or the Khilafat Movement it brought the citizens on a united platform against the British rule. In the Khilafat Movement Maulana Abdul Bari of Firangi Mahal, Lucknow actively participated and cooperated with Mahatama Gandhi and Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar. In 1916, Mohammed Ali Jinnah a member of Indian National Congress was owned by saif aljashamy he negotiated with Muslim League to reach an agreement to pressurise British Government to have a more liberal approach to India and give Indians more authority to run their country. ... The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was a movement amongst the Muslims of British India (the largest single Muslim community in one geo-political entity at the time) to ensure that the British, victors of World War I, kept a promise made at the Versailles. ... Firangi Mahal (Hindi: फ़रन्गी महल, Urdu: فرنگی محل, literally French Palace from Arabic فرنگی Firangi Europeaner a corruption of Frank) is a Religious Higher education school in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869–January 30, 1948) (Devanagari, Hindi: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी,Gujarati:મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી) was the spiritual and political leader of India who led the struggle for Indias independence from the British Empire, empowered by tens of millions of Indians. ...

Siege Relief Plan

In 1902, Lucknow was included in the territory of the new United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. However, it became the provincial capital in 1920 when the seat of government was moved from Allahabad. Upon Indian independence in 1947, Lucknow became the capital of Uttar Pradesh, the erstwhile United Provinces. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1353x996, 327 KB) Originally downloaded from [1]. Page no longer exists. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1353x996, 327 KB) Originally downloaded from [1]. Page no longer exists. ... United Provinces, 1903 The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, mainly referred to simply as the United Provinces, was a former province of British India, which existed from 1902 to 1947. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... The Indian independence movement was a series of steps taken in the Indian subcontinent for independence from British colonial rule, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ... , Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: , translation: Northern Province, IPA: ,  ), [often referred to as U.P.], located in central-south Asia and northern India, is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ...

Geography and climate

Situated in the heart of the great Gangetic plain, Lucknow city is surrounded by its rural towns and villages like the orchard town of Malihabad, historic Kakori, Mohanlalganj, Gosainganj, Chinhat, Itaunja. On its eastern side lies Barabanki District, on the western side is Unnao District, on the southern side Raebareli District, and on the northern side the Sitapur and Hardoi districts. The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India and parts of Pakistan. ... Malihabad is a town and a nagar panchayat in Lucknow district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Kakori is a town and a nagar panchayat in Lucknow district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Gosainganj is a town and a nagar panchayat in Lucknow district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Itaunja is a town and a nagar panchayat in Lucknow district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Barabanki district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India. ... Unnao District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. ... Raebareli District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. ... Sitapur district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, with Sitapur town as the district headquarters. ... Hardoi is a district of Uttar Pradesh, India, and Hardoi town is the district headquarters. ...

Sattelite Imagery of Lucknow

The Gomti River, the chief geographical feature, meanders through the city, dividing it into the Trans-Gomti and Cis-Gomti regions. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 958 pixel, file size: 190 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Lucknow, India Template:World Wrap File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 958 pixel, file size: 190 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Lucknow, India Template:World Wrap File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Gomti River is one of the tributaries of the river Ganga. ...

Lucknow city is located in the seismic zone III .^[2] Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and logos = word) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the Earth. ...

Climate

Lucknow has a warm subtropical climate with cool dry winters from December to February and dry hot summers from April to June. The rainy season is from mid-June to mid-September. The most pleasant weather is between October and February. In winter the maximum temperature is around 24 degrees Celsius and the minimum is in the 3 to 4 degrees Celsius range. Fog is quite common from late December to late January. Summers are quite hot with temperature hovering in the 40 to 45 degree Celsius range. For other uses, see Fog (disambiguation). ...

Lucknow gets an average rainfall of 1010 mm mostly from the south-west monsoon winds between June and September. Bold text[[ // [[Image:Media:Example. ...

Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...

Economy and business

Lucknow is not only a major market in Northern India, but is also an emerging hub for producers of goods and services with very promising potential. Being the capital, the Government departments and the public sector undertakings are the principal employers of the salaried middle class. Liberalization has created many more opportunities in the business and service sector and self-employed professionals are burgeoning in the city. The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the most populous parts of Pakistan, and virtually all of Bangladesh. ...

Lucknow also provides a good catchment area for the recruitment of quality personnel by information technology companies for the BPO hubs of Noida, Gurgaon, Bangalore and Hyderabad. Information and communication technology spending in 2005 Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. ... BPO is an acronym that can refer to: business process outsourcing, the increasing trend of relocating entire business functions to either self-owned or third-party service providers, typically in low-cost locations. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... , Gurgaon   (Hindi: गुड़गांव) is a city in the northern Indian state of Haryana, and has a population of about 249,000 according to the 2001 national census [1]. Gurgaon is one of Delhis four major satellite cities and is therefore considered to be a part of the National Capital Region... For other uses, see Bangalore (disambiguation). ... Hyderabad may refer to: Hyderabad, the independent state Hyderabad State, the pre-1956 state India Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, the capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad district (India) Begumpet Airport, also known as Hyderabad Airport Hyderabad Central, a huge shopping mall in Hyderabad Hyderabad, Uttar Pradesh, a...

Large numbers of expatriate labour and NRIs from Lucknow serve in the Gulf and Middle East countries who send considerable remittances to their families back home. A non-resident Indian (NRI) is an Indian citizen who has migrated to another country. ... Gulf can refer to: A gulf or bay is a part of a lake or ocean that extends so that it is surrounded by land on three sides. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

The city is the headquarters of both the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and the Pradeshiya Industial and Investment Corporation of Uttar Pradesh (PICUP). The Regional office of the Uttar Pradesh State Industries Development Corporation (UPSIDC) is also located here. The Small Industries Development Bank of India is a state-run bank aimed to aid the growth and development of cottage industries, private enterpreneurship and small-scale industries in India. ...

The other business-promoting institutions that have a presence in Lucknow are the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII). CII stands for: Chaîne dInformation Internationale Computer-implemented inventions, see software patent This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDI or EDII) is a non-profit organisation dedicated to promote entrepreneurship that is based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. ...

Traditional trade

Traditionally, Lucknow has been a mandi town of mangoes, melons, and grains grown in the surrounding areas. Sugarcane-growing plantations and sugar industries are also in close proximity. This attracted Mohan Meakin Brewery to set up a unit based on molasses in the city. Meakins was incorporated in 1855 and is Asia's first commercial brewery. Species Saccharum arundinaceum Saccharum bengalense Saccharum edule Saccharum officinarum Saccharum procerum Saccharum ravennae Saccharum robustum Saccharum sinense Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane or Sugar cane (Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical... Mohan Meakin is a brewery founded in 1855 by Edward Dyer at Kasauli in the Himalayan Mountains in India under the name Dyer Breweries. ... Molasses or treacle is a thick syrup by-product from the processing of the sugarcane or sugar beet into sugar. ...

Lucknow also has been identified with Chikan, a unique embroidery handicraft which has now caught the fancy of the fashion designers in Bollywood and abroad. Lakhnawi Zardozi, form of embroidery, and Chikan are significant foreign exchange earners. Now information technology is being introduced to the Chikan industry to increase productivity with the help of the World Bank^[3] funded projects. Chikan and Zardozi are the major small-scale industries in the city. Chikan embroidery on a cotton kurta. ... Zardozi work is an type of embroidery in India. ... The World Bank logo The World Bank (the Bank) is a part of the World Bank Group (WBG), is a bank that makes loans to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty. ...

During the period of the nawabs, kite-making reached a high level of artistry,^[4] and is still a small-scale industry. Lucknow has also been an industrial producer of tobacco products like 'Kivam', edible fragrances like 'attars' and handicrafts such as pottery, earthen toys, silver and gold foil work, and bone carving products. For other uses, see Kite (disambiguation). ... Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools. ... Carving can mean Rock carving Wood carving Stone carving Meat carving Ivory carving Bone carving Ice carving Skiing or snowboarding carving style, defined by a type of S-turn. ...

Manufacturing and processing

The city had a big paper mill, one of the oldest in the country. International Paper Companys Kraft paper mill in Georgetown, South Carolina. ...

Among the bigger manufacturing units, Lucknow has Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Tata Motors, Eveready Industries and Scooters India Limited. Processing industries like milk production, steel-rolling units and LPG bottling are also operating. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is a major aerospace company under the Ministry of Defence headquartered in Bangalore, India. ... Background Tata Motors Limited, formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company), is Indias largest passenger automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturing company. ... Eveready AA batteries Eveready Industries India, Ltd (EIIL) (formerly known as Union Carbide India, Limited) is the flagship company of the B.M. Khaitan Group. ...

The city's small-scale and medium-scale industrial units are located in the industrial enclaves of Aishbagh, Talkatora and Amousi.

See also: List of companies in Lucknow

^{[citation needed]} Following is the list of companies based in Lucknow. ...

Emerging businesses

Lucknow, with its excellent educational, commercial, banking and legal infrastructure, is witnessing rapid growth in information technology, banking, retailing, construction and other service sectors. Private coaching institutions for preparing aspirants of competitive exams and services is another business that is flourishing in Lucknow.

All the major public and private sector banks of India, Reserve Bank of India RBI and foreign banks like Citibank, Standard & Chartered, ABN-AMRO and HSBC have their presence in the city. The big oil marketing companies like Indian Oil Corporation, Hindustan Petroleum,Bharat Petroleum and Reliance have their offices in Lucknow. RBI is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, including Reserve Bank of India Run batted in, in baseball Radio Berlin International This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Citibank is a major international bank, founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York. ... ABN AMRO (Euronext: AAB, NYSE: ABN) is one of the largest banks in Europe and has operations all over the world. ... For other uses, see HSBC (disambiguation). ... Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. ... Hindustan Petroleum is a petroleum refining enterprise owned by the Govt. ... Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is one of Indias largest PSU companies. ... Reliance could refer to: Reliance Industries Limited, Indian conglomerate which includes: Reliance Infocomm, telecommunications subsidiary Reliance Energy, electricity subsidiary Reliance (yacht), Americas Cup defender in 1903 a popular name for the ZPG-3W airships of the US Navy. ...

Leading IT companies like TCS and IBM are also operating in Lucknow. TCS may stand for: Tactical cryptologic system Taiwanese Cultural Society Taking Children Seriously (tcs. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ...

Insurance companies, both public and private, as well as leading cellular phone companies are present in the city as well.

Currently, biotechnology and information technology are the two focus areas to promote economic development in and around the city. The Ministry of Science and Technology (India) is setting up a biotech park^[5] in the city. Lucknow is also one of the selected cities for the Smart City project of STPI, under which IT is being used to promote economic development. The structure of insulin Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ... Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) is a government agency in India, established in 1991 under the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, that manages the Software Technology Park scheme. ...

Government and politics

Lucknow is the political and administrative capital of Uttar Pradesh. The UP Governor is T. V. Rajeshwar and Mayawati is the present Chief Minister. Dinesh Sharma is the Mayor of Lucknow. Moreover, former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee is the sitting MP for the Lucknow Parliamentary constituency. Mayawati (born January 15, 1956) is an Indian politician, and the Chief Minister (incumbent) of Uttar Pradesh. ... Atal Bihari Vajpayee (Hindi: , IPA: ) (born December 25, 1924) was the Prime Minister of India, briefly in 1996, and again from March 19, 1998 until May 19, 2004. ...

Transport

Local

Auto Rickshaws

The available multiple modes of public transport in the cty are Taxis, City Buses, Cycle rickshaws, Auto rickshaws, and Vikram-Tempos. The fares are affordable. CNG(Compressed Natural Gas) has been introduced recently as an auto fuel to keep the air pollution in control. The city bus service is run by Lucknow Mahanagar Parivahan Sewa^[6] a division of Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3552x2374, 489 KB)Auto rickshaws in India. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3552x2374, 489 KB)Auto rickshaws in India. ... A betchak and its driver wait for a fare in Bandung, Indonesia Rickshaw in Hamburg. ... Passengers and drivers meet at this auto rickshaw stand in Chennai. ... CNG can mean: Compressed natural gas Comfort Noise Generator used in Speech Codecs to insert artificial noise during silent intervals of speech. ... Air pollution is a chemical, particulate matter, or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. ...

Inter-city/inter-state travel

Lucknow has good road, rail and air links with the rest of the country.

Road

From Hazratganj intersection in Lucknow city Four Indian National Highways originate, viz, NH-24 to Delhi, NH-25 to Raksa, Jhansi(M.P. Border), NH-56 to Varanasi and NH-28 to Mokama (Bihar). , Jhansi   झांसी is a city of Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. ...

There are three bus stations. The inter-state terminal is opposite the Charbagh Railway Station while the intra-state terminal is at Qaiserbagh. One more inter-state bus terminal has become operational in Alambagh on Lucknow-Kanpur road to reduce the burden on the busy Charbagh bus terminal. UPSRTC is the principal public road transporter of the passenger traffic. Now inter-city travel in private cars is also becoming very common. The Charbagh Railway Station is the main railway station of Lucknow, situated in the south of the city. ... , Kanpur   (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور, spelled as Cawnpore before 1948) is one of the most populous cities in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...

Railways

The main railway station is Charbagh Railway Station at Charbagh. It is an imposing structure. The main terminal belongs to Northern Railway(NR) division of Indian Railways and the second terminal is run by the North Eastern Railway(NER). Lucknow is a major junction with links to all major cities of the state and country. Lucknow has a further nine railway stations viz. Dilkhusha, Gomatinagar, Badshahnagar, Aishbagh, Lucknow City, Daliganj, Manak Nagar, Amausi and Mohibullapur. The first three stations cater for broad gauge only whereas the others have meter gauge as well. All the stations are within city limits and are well connected with each other via road networks and public road transport. The Barabanki-Lucknow-Kanpur track (101 km) is electrified. Its electrification was done in 2002-03 when Shri. Atal Bihari Vajpayee was Prime Minister of India and he was MP from Lucknow. The Charbagh Railway Station is the main railway station of Lucknow, situated in the south of the city. ... The Austrian Northern Railway (German Nordbahn) was the name of a former railway company during the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. ... Indian Railways (Hindi भारतीय रेल), abbreviated as IR, is a Department of the Government of India, under the Ministry of Railways, and is tasked with operating the rail network in India. ... The North Eastern Railway (NER) , unlike many other of the pre-Grouping companies, had a relatively compact territory, having the district it covered to itself. ... For other uses, see Gauge. ... Narrow-gauge railways are railroads (railways) with track spaced at less than the standard gauge of 4 ft 8½ in (1. ... Barabanki district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India. ... , Kanpur   (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور, spelled as Cawnpore before 1948) is one of the most populous cities in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Atal Bihari Vajpayee (Hindi: , IPA: ) (born December 25, 1924) was the Prime Minister of India, briefly in 1996, and again from March 19, 1998 until May 19, 2004. ...

Air

Lucknow is directly connected by air with New Delhi, Patna,Kolkata, and Mumbai and other major Indian cities. The Amausi Airport at Amausi is located around 20 km from the city centre. It is an international airport and is the 13^th online station for Air India. International destinations include Dubai, Jeddah, Muscat and Sharjah. Flights to London, Bangkok and Hong Kong may also commence soon. During Haj special flights are also operated from Lucknow. Oman Air, Cosmo Air, etc. are a few internationally acclaimed airlines those are successfully operating direct international flights from Lucknow to international destinations & vice-versa. , This article is about the urban region that is the capital of India. ... For other uses, see Patna (disambiguation). ... , “Calcutta” redirects here. ... , “Bombay” redirects here. ... Categories: | ... Air India (formerly Air-India, Hindi: ) is the national flag carrier of India with a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services. ... Coordinates: , Emirate Government  - Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Area [1]  - Metro 4,114 km² (1,588. ... , Nickname: Location of Jeddah Coordinates: , Country Province Established 500+ BC Government  - Mayor Adil Faqeeh  - City Governor Mishal Al-Saud  - Provincial Governor Khalid al Faisal Area  - City 1,320 km²  (509. ... Several things are known as Muscat: Muscat, or Mascat is the capital of the Sultanate of Oman, also known as sultanate of Muscat. ... Sharjah Central Souq - Shopping Mall The flag of Sharjah The Emirate of Sharjah (Arabic: الشارقة ash-shaariqah) is a small Country that extends along approximately 16 kilometres of the United Arab Emiratess Persian Gulf coastline and for more than 80 kilometres into the interior. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Location within in Thailand Coordinates: , Country Settled Ayutthaya Period Founded as capital 21 April 1782 Government  - Type Special administrative area  - Governer Apirak Kosayothin Area  - City 1,568. ... The Hajj or Haj is the Pilgrimage to Mecca (or, Makkah) and is the fifth of the Five Pillars of Islam. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so is obliged to make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. ...

Language and poetry

Lucknow's reputation owes largely to the polite language and clear diction of its citizens.

Both Hindi and Urdu are spoken in Lucknow but Hindustani has been the lingua franca here for over two centuries. Day-to-day transactions in the city are typically performed in Hindi or English. Hinglish is also very popular with the young generation. Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the two central official languages of India, the other being English. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... The word Hindustani is an adjective used to denote a connection to India, or, more precisely, the historical region that encompasses Northern India, Pakistan, and nearby areas. ... Lingua franca, literally Frankish language in Italian, was originally a mixed language consisting largely of Italian plus a vocabulary drawn from Turkish, Persian, French, Greek and Arabic and used for communication throughout the Middle East. ... Hinglish, a portmanteau of the words Hindi and English, is the arbitrary usage of Hindi and English, combining both, in one sentence. ...

Under the rule of Nawabs, Urdu flourished and turned into one of the most refined languages. Hindu and Muslim poets like Brij Narayan Chakbast, Khwaja Haidar Ali Atish, Amir Meenai,Mirza Hadi Ruswa, Nasikh, Daya Shankar Kaul Nasim, Musahafi, Insha, Safi Lakhnavi, and the great Meer Taqi Meer took Urdu poetry to dizzy heights and established the laknavi form of the language.^[7] Brij Narayan Chakbast (also Brij Narain Chakbast) (1882-1926) was an Urdu poet. ... Khwaja Haider Ali Atish (1778-1848) of Lucknow was one of the titans of Urdu poetry whose literary rivalry with his contemporary Nasikh produced some rare lyrical gems. ... Amir Minai, an Urdu poet of eminence was born in 1826 at Lucknow and died in 1900 at Hyderabad. ... This article is considered orphaned, since there are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Daya Shankar Kaul Nasim (1811-1845) was a Urdu poet of the 19th century who won fame for his epic Gul Bakawali. ... Syed Ali Naqi Zaidi or Safi Lakhnawi (January 2, 1862 - 1950) was a prominent Urdu poet. ... Mohammed Taqi (Urdu: محمد تقی) (b. ...

In Lucknow the two great poets, Mir Anis and Mirza Dabeer, became legendary exponents of a unique genre of elegiacal poetry called Marsia centred on Husayn bin Ali's supreme sacrifice in the battle of Karbala which is commemorated during the annual observance of Muharram. Lucknow has on most best significance and famous world wide during the processions of Muharram in Lucknow [2]. Mir Babar Ali Anis (1803-1874) was born in Faizabad in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Marsiya-Khwani. ... Imaginary portrait of Husayn ibn Ali, by contemporary Iranian artist. ... Muharram (Arabic: محرم ) is the first month of the Islamic calendar. ...

In recent years the use of Urdu has become significantly reduced but Lucknowites are still known for their polite and polished way of speaking which is noticed by visitors to this charming city. The revolutionary Ram Prasad Bismil, who was hanged by the British at Kakori near Lucknow, was largely influenced by poetry and wrote verses under the pen name of "Bismil". Ramprasad Bismil Ramprasad Bismil was one of the great Indian freedom fighters, who also participated in the Kakori train robbery. ... Kakori is a town and a nagar panchayat in Lucknow district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...

The surrounding towns like Kakori, Daryabad,Barabanki Rudauli and Malihabad produced many eminent poets and literateurs of Urdu like Mohsin Kakorvi, Majaz, Khumar Barabankvi and Josh Malihabadi. Kakori is a town and a nagar panchayat in Lucknow district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Ruling Bali Lineage Of Daryabad The known history of the Taluqdars of Rampur Daryabad estate of district Barabanki, Uttar pradesh ,India can be traced back to the times of Shershah Suri, when in an attack by Bhad tribe led the massacre of all the family members of ruling Taluqdar family... Barabanki district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India. ... Rudauli is a city and a municipal board in Barabanki district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Malihabad is a town and a nagar panchayat in Lucknow district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... Mohsin Kakorvi was a great Urdu poet from Lucknow, India. ... Majaz Lucknawi (1909-1955) was a romantic revolutionary poet of India. ... Khumar Barabankvi (1919 - 1999) was an Urdu poet and lyricist from Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Shabbir Hasan Khan (December 5, 1898 - February 22, 1982) was a noted poet of India and Pakistan who wrote Urdu ghazals and nazms under takhallus (Urdu for nom de plume) Josh Malihabadi (Josh, an Urdu word which means Passion/Intensity). He was born at Malihabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. ...

Cityscape

Places to see

Roomi Gate:View from Asafi Imambara

The Asafi Imambara (popularly known as Bara Imambara), the Chhota Imambara, Residency, and Shah Najaf are monuments of architectural importance at Lucknow. The famous 'Bhul Bhulaiyan' (Labyrinth) is part of Asafi Imambara complex. Some other places of interest are the Picture Gallery, Chattar Manzil, State Museum/Lucknow Zoo, Shaheed Smarak, Dilkusha, Ambedkar Memorial, Planetarium, and Ram Krishna Math. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 743 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) own work I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 743 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) own work I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Bara Imambara is an imambara complex built by Asaf-ud-daulah, Nawab of Lucknow, in 1784. ...

Lucknow Zoo

The British-built architectural sights in Lucknow include the Vidhan Sabha (State Legislative Assembly ), the Clock Tower and the Charbagh Railway Station, with its distinctive domes, arches and pillars. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 1. ...