NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Lucky Luciano

Charles "Lucky" Luciano (born Salvatore Lucania) (November 24, 1897 – January 26, 1962) was a Sicilian-American mobster. Luciano is considered the father of modern organized crime and the mastermind of the massive postwar expansion of the international heroin trade. Image File history File links LuckyLucianoSmaller. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Country Italy Region Sicily Province Province of Palermo (PA) Mayor Elevation 675 m Area 37. ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 kmÂ² (9,926 sq. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sicilian Americans are a subset of Italian Americans from Sicily. ... Mobster is a slang term for a person who participates in organized crime, which is known as belonging to the Mob. In western stories and movies, cowboys as mobsters are known as outlaws. ... Organized crime or criminal organizations are groups or operations run by criminals, most commonly for the purpose of generating a monetary profit. ... For other uses, see Heroin (disambiguation). ...

TIME magazine named Luciano amongst the top 20 most influential builders and titans of the 20th century.^[1] â€œTIMEâ€ redirects here. ...

Early life

Salvatore Lucania was born on November 24, 1897 to Antonio and Rosalia Lucania, in Lercara Friddi, Sicily, a town primarily known for its sulfur mines. The promise of a better life led his family to emigrate to the United States of America in 1907. Upon arriving at Ellis Island, Lucania was diagnosed with smallpox, an affliction that pockmarked his face for life. He arrived in New York City later that year. Upon his arrival in New York, Lucania's parents settled in a Jewish neighborhood. This is where Lucky set up his first operation, he shookdown young Jewish children on their way to school, it is said this was where he met Meyer Lansky and Bugsy Siegle. In 1911 he served four months in a Brooklyn correctional facility for truanting. In 1915 Salvatore and his gang were in East Harlem where they were kicked out of a theatre for rowdy behaviour. It was that same night that Salvatore Lucania met Francesco Castiglia better known as Frank Costello. Salvatore and Frank became close friends. At 18 he was sentenced to 6 months at a reformatory for selling heroin and morphine.He began calling himself Charles to remove the shame that he had put upon his family. Upon his release he resumed his dealings and joined The Five Points Gang with Frank Costello. In 1917 Luciano dodged being drafted into the US army and fighting in the first World War. Luciano did this by intentionally catching chlamydia. is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Country Italy Region Sicily Province Province of Palermo (PA) Mayor Elevation 675 m Area 37. ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 kmÂ² (9,926 sq. ... Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor, was at one time the main entry facility for immigrants entering the United States from January 1, 1892 until November 12, 1954. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

Prohibition

In 1919 the U.S. government banned the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the country. This prohibition gave every gangster on the street the golden opportunity they had been waiting for.

Luciano had plans to expand his territory and expand his profits by collaborating with other gangsters to cut down the cost of political protection and reduce the likelihood of hijacked shipments. But Joe "The Boss" Masseria forbade Luciano from doing this.

By 1920, Luciano had met many of the mafia heavyweights including Vito Genovese and Frank Costello, his longtime friend, business partner, and eventually Sottocapo through his involvement in the Five Points Gang. Together, backed by Arnold Rothstein, they began a bootlegging venture using a trucking firm as a front. Vito Don Brandon Genovese (November 27, 1897 â€“ February 14, 1969) was a mafioso who rose to power in America during the Castellammarese War to later become leader of the Genovese crime family. ... Frank Costello, born Francesco Castiglia, or Castilla (January 26, 1891 - February 18, 1973) was an American gangster who rose to the top of Americas underworld, controlled a vast gambling empire across the United States and had political influence like no other La Cosa Nostra boss. ... The Five Points Gang was a 19th-century criminal organization based in the Sixth Ward (The Five Points) of New York City. ... Arnold Rothstein Arnold Rothstein (January 17, 1882 - November 4, 1928) was a New York businessman and gambler, chiefly famous for his role as a kingpin of organized crime. ...

By 1925, Luciano was grossing over a hundred thousand dollars a year; however, he was netting much less each year due to the high costs of bribing politicians and cops. Luciano and his partners ran the largest bootlegging operation in New York, one that also extended into Philadelphia. He imported scotch directly from Scotland, rum from the Caribbean, and whiskey from Canada. He was also involved in gambling. By this time Luciano was already becoming a big player in the New York mob.

Rise to Power

Soon Luciano joined forces with Joe "the Boss" Masseria. But the partnership was doomed from the start as Luciano’s and Masseria’s methods of business differed greatly. Masseria was what was then known as a "Mustache Pete," which meant an old school mafioso who strictly followed the rules of the Sicilian Cosa Nostra. Lucky and his contemporaries on the other hand were known as the "Young Turks." The Mustache Petes didn't condone the heroin traffic and did not work with anyone who was not Sicilian. The Young Turks on the other hand believed that if the business was profitable, then the race of your partner didn't matter. Joe The Boss Masseria Giuseppe Joe The Boss Masseria (1879â€“April 15, 1931) was an early Mafia don in the United States. ...

One day in 1929, Luciano was forced into a limo at gun point by three men, beaten and stabbed, and dumped on a beach on New York Bay. Luciano survived the ordeal, but was forever marked with the now famous scar and droopy eye. After his abduction, Luciano found out through Meyer Lansky that it had been ordered by Masseria. Luciano then secretly plotted with Masseria's enemy Salvatore Maranzano to betray Masseria. This plot would end the famous Castellammarese War. Meyer Lansky (born Majer SuchowliÅ„ski, July 4, 1902 â€“ January 15, 1983) was an American gangster who, with Charles Lucky Luciano, was instrumental in the development of the National Crime Syndicate in the United States. ... Salvatore Maranzano (1868-September 10, 1931) was an organized crime figure from the town of Castellammare del Golfo, Sicily, and an early Mafia boss in the United States. ... The Castellammarese War is the name given to a bloody internal power struggle between two factions of Italian-American mafia figures that took place in 1930 and 1931. ...

The Castellammarese War raged from 1928 to 1931, resulting in the deaths of many mobsters. The war ended with the assassination of Masseria in a Coney Island restaurant by Bugsy Siegel and three of Luciano's men. It is rumored that Luciano was having lunch with Masseria and stepped into the men's room just as the gunmen stormed the restaurant. Sal Maranzano then made Luciano his number two man, and set up the Five Families of New York under him, promising that they would all be equal and all be free to make money. Salvatore Maranzano (1868-September 10, 1931) was an organized crime figure from the town of Castellammare del Golfo, Sicily, and an early Mafia boss in the United States. ... The Five Families are the major crime families of the Italian-American Mafia based in New York City which have dominated traditional organized crime in New York. ...

After being made Maranzano's number two man Maranzano called together all the heavy hitting gangsters of New York in order to declare himself Capo Di Tutti i Capi (Boss of all Bosses) which meant every Don in the country had to pay up to him. He also whittled down the rackets of the rival families in order to strengthen his own family.

Luciano could tolerate being lied to and cheated out of a few dollars, but when Meyer Lansky told him that Maranzano had plans to kill him, Luciano could no longer stand still. Lansky assembled a hit squad to pose as government agents. On the day Maranzano was to hire Luciano's assassin they stormed Maranzano's office. He thought he was being arrested. The squad cut Maranzano to ribbons with a volley of gunfire and repeated stabbings. On the way down the stairs they met up with "Mad Dog" Coll, Luciano's would-be assassin.

Reorganizing Cosa Nostra

Luciano was now the model mobster; he had businesses throughout the country. His long time friend Meyer Lansky served as his right hand man and Luciano always followed Lansky’s advice. During the years of Luciano's rule, he made this pact: "we only kill each other." When Dutch Schultz tried to kill New York attorney Thomas Dewey, in direct violation of the pact, Schultz was executed instead. Charles Luciano was a young, powerful and influential gangster who had finally reached the pinnacle of America's underworld, directing its criminal rules, policies and activities along with the other top Bosses. He sat atop the most powerful crime family in America, which now bore his name and controlled the most lucrative criminal rackets in New York such as gambling, bookmaking, loan-sharking, and extortion. Luciano was very influential in labor and union activities and controlled the Manhattan waterfront, garbage hauling, construction, garment center businesses, and trucking. Dutch Schultz (August 6, 1902 â€“ October 24, 1935) was a New York City-area gangster of the 1920s and 30s. ... Thomas Edmund Dewey (b. ...

Lucky — seeing that the position only created tension and trouble between the families — abolished the title of Capo Di Tutti i Capi. Luciano felt that the ceremony of being "made a soldier" in a family should be done away with; however, Meyer Lansky urged him against it, saying that young people needed rituals to cling to. Luciano also stressed the importance of the omerta, the oath of silence. The omertà (Sicilian for manliness) is the vow of silence taken by members of the Italian Mafia. ...

The Commission

Luciano organized the Commission with the Mafia's top men, and was its undisputed leader. The Commission was the gangster equivalent of the Supreme Court, and settled all gangland disputes. They decided who received what rackets and which territories. If an individual was to be a "made man," their Don had to go before The Commission and clear their sponsorship into the honored society. The Commission was made up of the Five New York Families, Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland, California, and Kansas City. All bosses who sat in the Commission were supposed to retain the same power but in reality Luciano was the first among equals. The Commission is alleged to be the governing body of the mafia in the United States. ...

The Luciano Family

Luciano elevated his most trusted and loyal family members to high-level positions in the Luciano crime family. The feared Vito Genovese became his Underboss, while former Chicago boss, Johnny Torrio was a member and considered senior advisor to the family Vito Don Brandon Genovese (November 27, 1897 â€“ February 14, 1969) was a mafioso who rose to power in America during the Castellammarese War to later become leader of the Genovese crime family. ... John Papa Johnny Torrio, a. ...

Pandering Prosecutions

Luciano's reign was relatively short-lived. Special prosecutor Thomas E. Dewey, a future Republican presidential candidate, singled out Luciano as an organized crime ringleader, and succeeded in having him convicted on trumped-up prostitution charges in 1936 and sentenced to 30 to 50 years in prison along with Dave Betillo and others. But before he could get Luciano into court for trial, Lucky escaped to Hot Springs, Arkansas, the renowned gangster haven established by famous gangster Owney Madden. Thomas Edmund Dewey (March 24, 1902 â€“ March 16, 1971) was the Governor of New York (1943-1954) and the unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. Presidency in 1944 and 1948. ...

However Dewey coerced several madams to claim that Luciano was the head of a prostitution ring and that he personally had made collections. It was Dave Betillo who was in charge of the prostitution ring in New York, and any money that Charlie received was from Betillo. But Dewey had also managed to persuade the staff at the Waldorf to testify that Luciano's gangster friends had often come to his room.

He continued to run the Luciano crime family from prison, relaying his orders through his first acting boss, Vito Genovese, who quickly lived up to his feared reputation for violence, and fled to Naples, Italy, in 1937 to avoid a murder indictment. The Family's third most powerful member, Consigliere Frank Costello became the new Sottocapo and overseer of Luciano's interests. It is a mystery to most organized crime historians who replaced Costello as the family consigliere. The only hint to the Costello successor is that former Genovese Family soldier and the first mafia informer in the United States, Joseph "Joe Cago" Valachi mentions in the book "The Valachi Papers," a certain "Sandino" as the Family counselor at a meeting he attends with his Capo, Anthony "Tony Bender" Strollo.^[1]

World War II, Freedom, and Deportation

Luciano was imprisoned in Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora, where he was treated fairly well. He would use his influence to help get the materials to build a church at the prison, which became famous for being one of the only freestanding churches in the New York State correctional system and also for the fact that on the church's altar are two of the original doors from the explorer Magellan's ship. While he was in prison, the French ocean liner Le Normandie (renamed Lafayette) was destroyed by an act of arson whilst being converted to a troop carrier in New York's Hudson river. The shock burning of the Normandie and subsequent threat of ships suffering the same fate gave Luciano a significant bargaining chip with the U S government. During WWII the U.S. government reportedly struck a secret deal with the imprisoned Luciano. U.S. military intelligence knew that Luciano maintained good connections in the Sicilian and Italian Mafia, which had been severely persecuted by Mussolini. Luciano considered himself to be a loyal American who was devoted to Sicily, the Mafia, and the U.S. alike. His help was sought in providing Mafia assistance to counter possible Axis infiltration on U.S. waterfronts, during Operation Avalanche, and his connections in Italy and Sicily were tapped to furnish intelligence and ensure an easy passage for U.S. forces as they moved up through the Italian peninsula. Albert Anastasia, who controlled the docks, promised that no dockworker strikes would arise. Both during and after the war, the U.S. military and intelligence agencies reputedly also used Luciano's Mafia connections to root out Communist influence in resistance groups and local governments. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... This article is about the criminal society. ... Benito Mussolini created a fascist state through the use of propaganda, total control of the media and disassembly of the working democratic government. ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 kmÂ² (9,926 sq. ... This article is about the criminal society. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... This article is about the independent states that comprised the Axis powers. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

In return for his cooperation, Luciano was allegedly permitted to run his crime empire unhindered from his jail cell. During the 1940s, Luciano used to meet US military men during train trips throughout Italy, and he enjoyed being recognized by his countrymen, several times taking photos and even signing autographs for them. The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949. ... The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ...

In 1946, as a reward for his wartime cooperation, Luciano was paroled on the condition that he depart the United States of America and return to Sicily. He accepted the deal, although he had maintained during his trial that he was a native of New York City and was therefore not subject to deportation; he was deeply hurt about having to leave the USA, a country he had considered his own ever since his arrival at age ten. Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

Luciano's confederates saw him off at the docks with envelopes stuffed with cash, reportedly as much as $100,000.

The Havana Conference

After World War II, Luciano was paroled from prison on the condition that he permanently return to Sicily. However, Luciano secretly moved to Cuba, where he worked to resume control over American mafia operations. Luciano also ran a number of casinos in Cuba with the sanction of Cuban president General Fulgencio Batista (who naturally received a percentage of the profits). As Luciano's Cuban revenues grew and the tourism and gambling business blossomed, Lansky, himself, started investing heavily in a Cuban hotel project. General RubÃ©n Fulgencio Batista (IPA: , ) y ZaldÃvar (January 16, 1901 â€“ August 6, 1973) was a Cuban military officer and politician. ...

Lansky called together the heads of all the major Families, claiming that they were going to see Frank Sinatra perform. Lucky had three topics to discuss: the heroin trade, Cuban gambling, and what was to be done about Bugsy Siegel.

The Conference took place at the Hotel Nacional and lasted a little more than a week.

One of the main topics for discussion at the Havana Conference was ordering a hit on Siegel, who was unaware of this meeting. Meyer Lansky, who several times owed his life to Siegel when they were young, took a stand against the hit. He begged the attendees to give Siegel a chance by waiting until after the casino opening. Luciano, who believed Siegel could still turn a profit in Las Vegas and pay back what he owed the mafia investors, agreed to postpone the hit.

To placate his investors, Siegel opened his still-unfinished casino on the star-studded night of December 26, 1946, although he did not have as many Hollywood celebrities with him as he had hoped. Soon the Flamingo ran dry of entertainers and customers; it closed after only two weeks in order to resume construction. The fully operational Flamingo re-opened in March of 1947. Still dissatisfied, the casino's gangster investors once again met in Havana in the spring of 1947 to decide whether to "liquidate" Siegel. Luckily for Siegel, the Flamingo had just turned a profit that month. Lansky again spoke up in support of his old friend and convinced Luciano to give Siegel one last chance

The deposed Lucky, hungry for fame once again, asked that he be declared Capo Di Tutti i Capi. His old friends and business associates agreed that he deserved the title — all except Vito Genovese, who wanted the title for himself and is rumored to have leaked Lucky's whereabouts to the government. It is said that Lucky took him into a room and beat him severely for his betrayal.

When the US government learned of Luciano's presence in the Caribbean he was forced to fly back to Italy. West Indies redirects here. ...

Operating in Italy

In his later years, Luciano came into conflict with Lansky over the amount of money he was receiving from Mafia operations in the early 1960s. Luciano's failing health hampered him from putting up a fight in the matter. The 1960s decade refers to the years from 1960 to 1969. ...

However, Luciano wasn't willing to give up without a fight. He bought out the major interest in an Italian candy company that sold confetti. This was little more than a way for Luciano to ship heroin under the radar of the government. The government, not willing to believe that Luciano retired, smashed sixty crates of confetti without finding a single gram of heroin. After the unsuccessful raid, Luciano was exiled from Rome.

Living in Naples, Luciano immersed himself in the high life of Italian culture, dining in the finest restaurants and living in luxurious apartments with the love of his life. In old age, Lucky also became a charitable man, financially helping many poor Italians before he set up a medical supply store as a front for his illegal businesses. But no matter how much success he achieved, Lucky was homesick. He would often talk with G.I.s and tourists in the California restaurant for the sole purpose of speaking to people in English.

Lucky's Love

While in Italy Lucky fell in love for the first time in his life with Igea Lusconi. The two lived in luxury together in Luciano's apartment in Rome.

They lived together peacefully until they learned that there was a hit contract on Lucky and the two went into hiding. They changed apartments many times throughout the month and moved from hotel to hotel before the hit was called off.

It was said that Igea was Lucky's life, so when she died of breast cancer he began to go to pieces, as did his international control of the American syndicate and his involvement in his own projects based out of Italy.

As Luck Would Have It

During his exile, Luciano missed a major power shift in America. Vito Genovese, who was at one time the Luciano Family Sottocapo, had decided that he wanted to take over the Luciano Family. After a botched assassination attempt on Costello's life by Vinnie "The Chin" Gigante, Costello stepped down as Don and let Genovese take over. But Genovese wanted to take out his competition. Vincent The Chin Gigante (March 29, 1928 â€“ December 19, 2005) was a New York Mafioso who headed the Genovese crime family for years, at times while in prison. ...

It was at the famous Appalachian Summit Meeting that he planned to propose to The Commission that Lucky be stripped of his title as Capo Di Tutti i Capi, and that he be crowned Boss of all Bosses. But Vito Genovese didn't count on one of Luciano's protégés, a man by the name of Carlo Gambino, to hold loyalty to his old Boss. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Costello, Luciano, and Gambino met in a hotel in Sicily to discuss their plan of action. Lucky decided that the only way to stop Vito was to incarcerate him. Carlo tipped off the authorities back in the states about the meeting, itself, while Costello and Luciano worked with their fleeting political connections to send Vito away on charges of heroin smuggling

Their plans were successful in the short run, but broke one of Luciano's commandments: "No one knows who we really are." The Appalachian Meeting led to the incarceration of several high ranking men, as well as the first high ranking man to become an informant.

The Twilight of His Years

Luciano was also told not to promote or participate in a movie about his life, as it would have attracted unnecessary attention to the mob. He relented until after his girlfriend died of breast cancer, and was scheduled to meet with a movie producer arriving by plane at the Naples International Airport. As fate would have it on January 26, 1962, Lucky Luciano's luck finally ran out, and he died of a heart attack at the age of 64 at Naples International Airport. He was buried in St. John's Cemetery in Queens, where he was raised. is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Heart attack redirects here. ... Naples International Airport (IATA: NAP, ICAO: LIRN) is the airport serving Naples, Italy. ... See also Saint John Cemetery. ...

Even today Luciano is recognized as the biggest gangster ever and one of the most influential criminals in world history due to his direct participation in major criminal conspiracies like the establishment of Cosa Nostra in the United States and the importation of heroin during his exile in Italy.

Timeline

Quotes

References in Popular Culture

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Categories: Articles needing additional references from August 2007 | Bosses of the Genovese crime family | Genovese crime family | Sing Sing prison | Deaths by myocardial infarction | People from Sicily | Sicilian-American mobsters | Italian-American mobsters | Burials at St. John's Cemetery (Queens) | 1897 births | 1962 deaths The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ... Joe The Boss Masseria Giuseppe Joe The Boss Masseria (1879â€“April 15, 1931) was an early Mafia don in the United States. ... The Genovese crime family is one of the Five Families that controls organized crime activities in New York City, USA, within the nationwide criminal phenomenon known as the Mafia (or Cosa Nostra). ... Frank Costello, born Francesco Castiglia, or Castilla (January 26, 1891 - February 18, 1973) was an American gangster who rose to the top of Americas underworld, controlled a vast gambling empire across the United States and had political influence like no other La Cosa Nostra boss. ...

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