NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Lumad

The Lumad are a group of indigenous peoples of the Southern Mindanao, Philippines. Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ... For the municipality in the province of Davao Oriental, see Caraga, Davao Oriental Caraga is an administrative region of the Philippines, on the northeastern portion of the island of Mindanao. ... Davao redirects here. ... Designated as Region X of the Philippines, Northern Mindanao (Hilagang Mindanao) is composed of five provinces and eight cities, namely: Misamis Oriental (Gingoog City and Cagayan de Oro City), Misamis Occidental (Oroquieta City, Tangub City and Ozamis City), Camiguin, Lanao del Norte (Iligan City), and Bukidnon (Malaybalay City and Valencia... SoCCSKSarGen is a region of the Philippines, located in central Mindanao, and is officially designated as Region XII. The name is an acronym that stands for the regions four provinces and one of its cities: South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani and General Santos City. ... It has been suggested that Zamboanga be merged into this article or section. ... Languages in the Philippines number more than 170 and almost all of them belong to the Western Malayo-Polynesian languages. ... Cebuano, also known as Sinugboanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). ... Hiligaynon language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Hiligaynon (or Ilonggo) is an Austronesian language spoken in Western Visayas in the Philippines. ... Filipino (formerly Pilipino) is the national and an official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. ... Philippine English is the variety of English used in the Republic of the Philippines by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... This article is in need of attention. ... The Bajau are an indigenous ethnic group residing in Sabah, eastern Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines and parts of Sarawak. ... â–ˆ Bangsamoro territory under Moro control â–ˆ Historical extent The Moros form the largest non-Christian ethnic group in the Philippines, comprising about 5% of the total Filipino population as of 2005. ... Bisaya redirects here. ... Language(s) Filipino, Bikol, Cebuano, English, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray-Waray, and over 100 others Religion(s) Predominantly Roman Catholic Various smaller Christian denominations Significant Muslim minority Filipinos are the citizens of the Philippines, located in Southeast Asia. ... The Austronesian people are a population group in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke one of the Austronesian languages. ... Davao Region, designated as Region XI, is one of the regions of the Philippines, located on the southeastern portion of Mindanao. ...

Lumad is a Cebuano term meaning ‘native’ or ‘indigenous’. For more than two decades it has been used to refer to the groups indigenous to Mindanao who are neither Muslim nor Christian. The term is short for katawhang Lumad (literally “indigenous peoples”), the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad Mindanaw Peoples Federation (LMPF) founding assembly in June 26, 1986 at the Guadalupe Formation Center, Balindog, Kidapawan, Cotabato, Philippines. It is the self-ascription and collective identity of the un-Islamized indigenous peoples of Mindanao. Cebuano, also known as Sinugboanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). ... Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. ... Islam is one of the oldest organized religions to be established in the Philippines. ... Topics in Christianity Movements Â· Denominations Â· Other religions Ecumenism Â· Preaching Â· Prayer Music Â· Liturgy Â· Calendar Symbols Â· Art Â· Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul Â· Church Fathers Constantine Â· Athanasius Â· Augustine Anselm Â· Aquinas Â· Palamas Â· Luther Calvin Â· Wesley Arius Â· Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury Â· Catholic Pope Coptic Pope Â· Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box: The Philippines... is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... Kidapawan City is a 4th class city in the province of Cotabato, Philippines. ... Cotabato, formerly North Cotabato, is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. ...

History

The name Lumad grew out of the political awakening among various tribes during the martial law regime of President Ferdinand Marcos. It was advocated and propagated by the members and affiliates of Lumad-Mindanao, a coalition of all-Lumad local and regional organizations which formalized themselves as such in June 1986 but started in 1983 as a multi-sectoral organization. Lumad-Mindanao’s main objective was to achieve self-determination for their member-tribes, or, put more concretely, self-governance within their ancestral domain in accordance with their culture and customary laws. No other Lumad organization had had the express goal in the past. This article covers the history of the Philippines before the first arrivial of Europeans in 1521. ... Ferdinand Emmanuel EdralÃn Marcos (September 11, 1917 â€“ September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1966 to 1986. ...

Representative from fifteen tribes agreed in June 1986 to adopt the name; there were no delegates from the Three major groups of the Tboli, the Teduray and the Subanen. The choice of a Cebuano word was a bit ironic but they deemed it to be most appropriate considering that the various Lumad tribes do not have any other common language except Cebuano. This is the first time that these tribes have agreed to a common name for themselves, distinct from that of the Moros and different from the migrant majority and their descendants. The Tbolis are one of the indigenous peoples of South Mindanao. ... Cebuano, also known as Sinugboanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). ... â–ˆ Bangsamoro territory under Moro control â–ˆ Historical extent The Moros form the largest non-Christian ethnic group in the Philippines, comprising about 5% of the total Filipino population as of 2005. ...

People

There are 18 Lumad ethnolinguistic groups: Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, B’laan, Bukidnon, Dibabawon, Higaonon, Mamanwa, Mandaya, Manguwangan, Manobo, Mansaka, Subanon, Tagakaolo, Tasaday, Tboli, Teduray, and Ubo. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Tasaday at their ancestral caves making fire with a hand drill, circa 1970. ... The Tbolis are one of the indigenous peoples of South Mindanao. ...

According to the Lumad Development Center Inc., there are about eighteen Lumad groups in 19 provinces across the country. They comprise 12 to 13 million or 18% of the Philippine population and can be divided into 110 ethno-linguistic groups. Considered as "vulnerable groups", they live in hinterlands, forests, lowlands and coastal areas.^[1]

Katawhan Lumad are the un-Islamized indigenous peoples of Mindanaw, namely: Erumanen ne Menuvu`, Matidsalug Manobo, Agusanon Manobo, Dulangan Manobo, Dabaw Manobo,Ata Manobo, B'laan, Kaulo, Banwaon, Teduray, Lambangian, Subanen, Higaunon, Dibabawon, Mangguwangan, Mansaka, Mandaya, K'lagan, T'boli, Mamanuwa, Talaandig, Tagabawa, and Ubu`, Tinenanen, Kuwemanen, K'lata and Diyangan.]

There are about twenty general hilltribes of Mindanao, all of which are of Austronesian descent. The Austronesian people are a population group in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke one of the Austronesian languages. ...

Bilaan

The Bilaan or B'laan is an indigenous group that is concentrated in Davao del Sur and South Cotabato. They still practice indigenous rituals despite adaptation to the way of life of modern Filipinos.^[2] Davao del Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. ... South Cotabato is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. ...

Manobo

Cotabato Manobo is a Manobo language spoken in Mindanao, the Philippines. Cotabato Manobo is a Manobo language spoken in Mindanao, the Philippines. ...

Subanen

Ginagan

Higaonon

The Higaunon is located on the provinces of Bukidnon, Agusan del Sur Misamis Oriental,and Rogongon iligan city lanao dil norte. Their name means "people of the wilderness". Most Higaunon still have a rather traditional way of living. Farming is the most important economic activity. Bukidnon is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Agusan del Sur Region: Caraga (Region XIII) Capital: Prosperidad Founded: June 17, 1967 Population: 2000 censusâ€”559,294 (45th largest) Densityâ€”62 per kmÂ² (7th lowest) Area: 8,966. ... Misamis Oriental is a province of the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region. ...

Kalagan

Cultural groups Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes.

Kamayo

these people live in mountains somewhere in Surigao Del Sur. Kamayo is a minor dialect spoken in the area of Bislig City, in the Southern Philippines. ...

Magahat

Mamanwa

The Mamanwa is a Negrito tribe often grouped together with the Lumad. They believe in a collection of spirits, which are governed by the supreme deity “Magbabaya”. The tribe produce excellent winnowing baskets, rattan hammocks, and other household containers. Ati woman Negrito refers a dwindling ethnic group which is now restricted to parts of Southeast Asia. ... This article focuses on the concept of singular, monotheistic God. ...

Mandaya

"Mandaya" derives from "man" meaning "first," and "daya" meaning "upstream" or "upper portion of a river," and therefore means "the first people upstream". It refers to a number of groups found along the mountain ranges of Davao Oriental, as well as to their customs, language, and beliefs. The Mandaya are also found in Compostela and New Bataan in Davao del Norte.

Mansaka

By: Gwendalene Ting The term "Mansaka" derives from "man" meaning "first" and "saka" meaning "to ascend," and means "the first people to ascend the mountains or go upstream." The term most likely describes the origin of these people who are found today in Davao del Norte, specifically in the Batoto River, the Manat Valley, the Marasugan Valley, the Hijo River Valley, and the seacoasts of Kingking, Maco, Kwambog, Hijo, Tagum, Libuganon, Tuganay, Ising, and Panabo (Fuentes and De La Cruz 1980:2).

Sangir

The Sangir or Sangil is located in the islands of Balut, Sarangani, and the coastal areas of South Cotabato and Davao del Sur. Their name comes from Sangihe, an archipelago located between Sulawesi and Mindanao. This was their original home but they migrated northwards. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Sarangani Region: SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII) Capital: Alabel Founded: March 10, 1917 Population: 2000 censusâ€”410,622 (58th largest) Densityâ€”138 per kmÂ² (23rd lowest) Area: 2,980. ... South Cotabato is a province of the Philippines located in the SOCCSKSARGEN region in Mindanao. ... Davao del Sur is a province of the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. ... The Sangihe Islands (or Sangi Islands) is a group of islands in northern Indonesia, northeast of Sulawesi in the Celebes Sea, roughly half way between Sulawesi and Mindanao, in the Philippines. ... Sulawesi (formerly more commonly known as Celebes, IPA: a Portuguese-originated form of the name) is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. ... Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. ...

Subanon

Tagabawa

Tasaday

The Tasaday (IPA [təˈsɑdaɪ]) were purportedly a group (cf. tribe) of about two dozen people living within the deep and mountainous rainforests of the southern Philippine island of Mindanao Tasaday at their ancestral caves making fire with a hand drill, circa 1970. ...

Tboli

The Tbolis are one of the indigenous peoples of South Mindanao. From the body of ethnographic and linguistic literature on Mindanao they are variously known as Tboli, T'boli, Tböli, Tiboli, Tibole, Tagabili, Tagabeli, and Tagabulu. They term themselves Tboli or T'boli. Their whereabouts and identity is to some extend confused in the literature; some publications present the Tboli and the Tagabili as distinct peoples; some locate the Tbolis to the vicinity of the Buluan Lake in the Cotabato Basin or in Agusan del Norte. The Tbolis, then, reside on the mountain slopes on either side of the upper Alah Valley and the coastal area of Maitum, Maasim and Kiamba. In former times, the Tbolis also inhabited the upper Alah Valley floor. The Tbolis are one of the indigenous peoples of South Mindanao. ...

Musical Heritage of the Mindanao Lumad groups

Most of the Mindanao Lumad groups have a musical heritage consisting of various types of Agung ensembles - ensembles composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/knobbed gongs which act as drone without any accompanying melodic instrument. ^[3] Music of the Philippines is a mixture of European, American and indigenous sounds. ... The pair of gongs of the agung The Agungs are the largest gongs of the kulintang ensemble and represent the lowest pitch of all the instrumentation. ... The pair of gongs of the agung The Agungs are the largest gongs of the kulintang ensemble and represent the lowest pitch of all the instrumentation. ... A gong is one of a wide variety of metal percussion instruments. ...

Social Issues

At the beginning of the 20^th century, the Lumads controlled an area which now covers 17 of Mindanao’s 24 provinces, but by the 1980 census they constituted less than 6% of the population of Mindanao and Sulu. Heavy migration to Mindanao of Visayans, spurred by government-sponsored resettlement programmes, turned the Lumads into minorities. The Bukidnon province population grew from 63,470 in 1948 to 194,368 in 1960 and 414,762 in 1970, with the proportion of indigenous Bukidnons falling from 64% to 33% to 14%. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Sulu Region: Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Capital: Jolo Founded: Population: 2000 censusâ€”619,668 (40th largest) Densityâ€”387 per kmÂ² (13th highest) Area: 1,600. ... Bisaya redirects here. ...

Lumads have a traditional concept of land ownership based on what their communities consider their ancestral territories. The historian B. R. Rodil notes that ‘a territory occupied by a community is a communal private property, and community members have the right of usufruct to any piece of unoccupied land within the communal territory.’ Ancestral lands include cultivated land as well as hunting grounds, rivers, forests, uncultivated land and the mineral resources below the land.

Unlike the Moros, the Lumad groups never formed a revolutionary group to unite them in armed struggle against the Philippine government. When the migrants came, many Lumad groups retreated into the mountains and forests. However, the Moro armed groups and the Communist-led New People’s Army (NPA) have recruited Lumads to their ranks, and the armed forces have also recruited them into paramilitary organisations to fight the Moros or the NPA. Guerrilla War redirects here. ... The New Peoples Army (NPA), is a paramilitary group fighting for communist revolution in the Philippines. ...

For the Lumad, securing their rights to ancestral domain is as urgent as the Moros’ quest for self-determination. However, much of their land has already been registered in the name of multinational corporations, logging companies and wealthy Filipinos, many of whom are settlers to Mindanao. Mai Tuan, a Tboli leader explains, “Now that there is a peace agreement for the MNLF, we are happy because we are given food assistance like rice … we also feel sad because we no longer have the pots to cook it with. We no longer have control over our ancestral lands.” Self-determination is a principle in international law that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structure free from outside influence. ... The Tbolis are one of the indigenous peoples of South Mindanao. ...

References

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External links

Categories: "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation | Articles to be expanded since February 2007 | All articles to be expanded | Ethnic groups in the Philippines | Indigenous peoples of Southeast Asia Kamayo is a minor dialect spoken in the area of Bislig City, in the Southern Philippines. ... Cotabato Manobo is a Manobo language spoken in Mindanao, the Philippines. ... Tasaday at their ancestral caves making fire with a hand drill, circa 1970. ... The Tbolis are one of the indigenous peoples of South Mindanao. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Aeta are an indigenous people who live in scattered, isolated mountainous parts of the Philippines. ... The Ati are an indigenous tribe of Negritos on the island of Panay in the Philippines. ... The Bajau are an indigenous ethnic group residing in Sabah, eastern Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines and parts of Sarawak. ... Igorot (pronounced ) is the general name for the people of the Cordillera region, in the Philippines island of Luzon. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ...

Contents

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