République du Mali Republic of Mali
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Un peuple, un but, une foi" "One people, one goal, one faith"
Anthem: Pour l'Afrique et pour toi, Mali "For Africa and for you, Mali"
Capital (and largest city)		Bamako 12°39′N, 8°0′W
Official languages		French
Demonym		Malian
Government		semi-presidential republic
-	President	Amadou Toumani Touré
-	Prime Minister	Modibo Sidibé
Independence		from France
-	Declared	September 22, 1960
Area
-	Total	1,240,192 km² (24th) 478,839 sq mi
-	Water (%)	1.6
Population
-	July 2007 estimate	11,995,402 (73rd)
-	Density	11/km² (207th) 28/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2005 estimate
-	Total	$14.400 billion (125th)
-	Per capita	$1,154 (166th)
Gini (1994)		50.5 (high)
HDI (2007)		▲ 0.380 (low)
Currency		CFA franc (XOF)
Internet TLD		.ml
Calling code		+223

Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali), is a landlocked nation in Western Africa. It is the seventh largest country in Africa. It borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its straight borders on the north stretch into the centre of the Sahara, while the country's south, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. Formerly French Sudan, the country is named after the Mali Empire. The name of the country comes from the Bambara word for hippopotamus (with the animal appearing on the 5 franc coin). The name of its capital city, Bamako comes from the Bambara word meaning "crocodile's back".^[1] Mali is a country in Western Africa. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mali. ... Image File history File links Mali_coa. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The flag of Mali was adopted on March 1, 1961. ... Order #56/CMLN of 20 October 1973 prescribed the coat of arms of the Republic of Mali. ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Pour lAfrique et pour toi (French: For Africa and for you, Mali) is the national anthem of Mali. ... Image File history File links LocationMali. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... Malis population consists of diverse Sub-Saharan ethnic groups, sharing similar historic, cultural, and religious traditions. ... View of Bamako Bamako district Bamako, population 1,690,471 (2006), is the capital of Mali, and is the biggest city in the country. ... An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... States with semi-presidential systems are shown in yellow The semi-presidential system is a system of government in which a prime minister and a president are both active participants in the day-to-day functioning of the administration of a country. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... List of Heads of State of Mali Affiliations:- ADM = Adema Alliance pour la Démocratie en Mali-Parti Pan-Africain pour la Liberté, la Solidarité et la Justice (Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity and Justice) -centrist CCD = Coalition for Change and Democracy PARENA = Party... Amadou Toumani Touré Amadou Toumani Touré (b. ... List of Heads of Government of Mali Affiliations:- ADM = Adema Alliance pour la Démocratie en Mali-Parti Pan-Africain pour la Liberté, la Solidarité et la Justice (Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity and Justice) - centrist CCD = Coalition for Change and Democracy PARENA = Party... Modibo Sidibé (born 7 November 1952) has been the Prime Minister of Mali since September 2007. ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different surface areas  here is a list of areas between 1 million km² and 10 million km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ... There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ... Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ... This article includes two lists of countries of the world[1] sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year. ... Graphical representation of the Gini coefficient The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth distribution. ... This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ... now. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... .ml is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Mali. ... This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ... A landlocked country is one that has no coastline. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Map of Niger River with Niger River basin in green The Niger River is the principal river of western Africa, extending over 2500 miles (about 4180 km). ... The Senegal River, in West Africa, forms the border between Senegal and Mauritania. ... French Sudan (Fr. ... Extent of the Mali Empire (ca. ... Bambara, also known as Bamanankan in the language itself, is a language spoken in Mali by as many as six million people (including second language users). ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758[2] Range map[1] The hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), from the Greek ‘ιπποπόταμος (hippopotamos, hippos meaning horse and potamos meaning river), often shortened to hippo, is a large, mostly plant-eating African mammal, one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae (the other being the Pygmy... For other uses, see Crocodile (disambiguation). ...

History

Main article: History of Mali

The Mandé peoples settled the Sahel (including present-day Mali), and formed a succession of Sahelian kingdoms, including the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire, and the Songhai Empire. Timbuktu was a key city in these empires as an outpost for trans-Saharan trade and a center for scholarship. The Songhai Empire declined under a Moroccan invasion in 1591. Malians express great pride in their ancestry. ... Mandé is an ethnic group of West Africa. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Sahelian kingdoms were a series of empires that had many similarities. ... Not to be confused with the modern country Ghana. ... Extent of the Mali Empire (ca. ... The Songhai Empire, (ca. ... This article is about the Malian city. ... The Great Mosque of Djenné, founded in 800, an important trading base, now a World Heritage Site Trans-Saharan trade, refers to trade across the Sahara between Mediterranean countries and West Africa. ...

Mali was invaded by France starting in 1880, which organized it as an overseas territory. The colony, which at times also included neighbouring countries, was known as French Sudan or the Sudanese Republic. In early 1959, the union of Mali and Senegal became the Mali Federation, which gained independence from France on June 20, 1960. Senegal withdrew from the Mali Federation after a few months. The Republic of Mali, under Modibo Keïta, withdrew from the French Community on September 22, 1960. French Sudan (Fr. ... The Mali Federation was a country in West Africa. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Modibo Keita (or Kéïta); (4 June 1915 - 16 May 1977) was the first President of Mali (1960 - 1968) and the Prime Minister of the Mali Federation. ... The French Community was the political entity which replaced the French Union, which in turn was the descendant of the French Empire following the Second World War. ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Modibo Keita was deposed and imprisoned in a coup in 1968. Mali was then ruled by Moussa Traoré until 1991. Anti-government protests in 1991 led to a coup, a transitional government, and a new constitution. In 1992, Alpha Oumar Konaré won Mali's first democratic, multi-party presidential election. Upon his reelection in 1997, President Konaré pushed through political and economic reforms and fought corruption. In 2002 he was succeeded in democratic elections by Amadou Toumani Touré, a retired General, who had been the leader of the military aspect of 1991 democratic uprising. Today, Mali is one of the most politically and socially stable countries in Africa. Moussa Traoré (born 25 September 1936) is a Malian soldier and politician. ... The 1992 Constitution of Mali was approved by a referendum on 12 January 1992 after being drawn up by a national conference in August 1991. ... Alpha Oumar Konaré (born 2 February 1946) was the president of Mali for two five-year terms (1992 to 2002), and has been Chairman of the African Commission since 2003. ... Amadou Toumani Touré Amadou Toumani Touré (b. ...

Politics and government

Main article: Politics of Mali

Mali is a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Mali is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly of Mali. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislatures. {Brogan {Politics of Mali}} Politics of Mali takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Mali is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... List of Heads of State of Mali Affiliations:- ADM = Adema Alliance pour la Démocratie en Mali-Parti Pan-Africain pour la Liberté, la Solidarité et la Justice (Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity and Justice) -centrist CCD = Coalition for Change and Democracy PARENA = Party... The unicameral National Assembly of Mali is the countrys legislative body. ...

The current government operates under the 1992 Constitution of Mali, approved by a referendum on 12 January 1992 after being drawn up by a national conference in August 1991. The constitution provides for multi party democracy within a semi-presidential system.^[2] The 1992 Constitution of Mali was approved by a referendum on 12 January 1992 after being drawn up by a national conference in August 1991. ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... A multi-party system is a type of party system. ... States with semi-presidential systems are shown in yellow The semi-presidential system is a system of government in which a prime minister and a president are both active participants in the day-to-day functioning of the administration of a country. ...

Official holidays in Mali

Fixed holidays

• New Year's Day (January 1st),
• Army Day (January 20th),
• Martyrs' Day (March 26th),
• Labour Day (May 1st),
• African Liberation Day (May 25th),
• Republic Day (September 22nd),
• Christmas (December 25th)

This article is about the date January 1 in the Gregorian calendar. ... On April 15, 1958, in the city of Accra, Ghana, African leaders and political activists gathered at the first Conference of Independent African States. ... For other uses, see Christmas (disambiguation). ...

Moveable holidays

Dates according to Christian and Muslim calendars:

• Tabaski,
• Easter Monday,
• Prophet's birthday,
• Eid al-Fitr

Easter Monday is the day after Easter Sunday and is celebrated as a holiday in some largely Christian cultures. ... Milad, Milad an-Nabi or Mawlid un-Nabi (Arabic: ) is the celebration of the birthday of Muhammad. ... The Islamic holiday of Eid ul-Fitr (Arabic: عيد الفطر) marks the end of Ramadan. ...

Regions and cercles

Main articles: Regions of Mali and Cercles of Mali

Mali is divided into 8 regions (régions) and 1 district, and subdivided into 49 cercles, totalling 288 arrondissements. Image File history File links Map of the Regions of Mali; created with the GIMP. Made by User:Acntx. ... Mali is divided into eight regions and a district. ... Cercles of Mali The regions of Mali are subdivided into 50 Cercles. ... Look up Region in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Local government areas called districts are used, or have been used, in several countries. ... A Cercle is an administrative unit in Mali. ... An arrondissement is an administrative division in some French or Dutch-speaking countries: // Main article: Municipal arrondissement in France Main article: Arrondissements of Paris Paris, capital city of France, is divided into 20 arrondissements. ...

The regions and district are: Mali is divided into eight regions and a district. ...

• Gao
• Kayes
• Kidal
• Koulikoro
• Mopti
• Ségou
• Sikasso
• Tombouctou (Timbuktu)
• Bamako (capital district)

The Gao Region is located in eastern Mali. ... Kayes is a region in Mali. ... Kidal is the eighth administrative region of Mali, covering 260,000 Km². Its capital is the city of Kidal. ... Koulikoro is a region in Mali. ... Mopti is the 5th region of Mali. ... Ségou is the fourth administrative region in Mali, whose capital is the city of Ségou. ... Sikasso is the south-most region of Mali. ... Tombouctou is the large northern-most region of Mali, comprised mostly of the Southwestern section of the Sahara desert. ... View of Bamako Bamako, population about 1,500,000 (2004), is the capital of Mali. ...

Geography

View over Bamako

Main article: Geography of Mali

At 478,700 square miles (1,240,000 km²), Mali is the world's 24th-largest country. It is comparable in size to South Africa, and is nearly twice the size of the American state of Texas. Image File history File linksMetadata Hilltop_view_over_BamakoE.jpg‎ Hilltop view over Bamako taken by Guaka Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Hilltop_view_over_BamakoE.jpg‎ Hilltop view over Bamako taken by Guaka Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... View of Bamako Bamako district Bamako, population 1,690,471 (2006), is the capital of Mali, and is the biggest city in the country. ... Location: Western Africa, southwest of Algeria Geographic coordinates: 17 00 N, 4 00 W Map references: Africa Area: total: 1. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ...

Mali is landlocked and has a subtropical to arid climate. It is mostly flat, rising to rolling northern plains covered by sand, with savanna around the Niger River in the south. The Adrar des Ifoghas lies in the northeast. Most of the country lies in the Sahara, which produces a hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons and leads to recurring droughts. The nation has considerable natural resources, with gold, uranium, phosphates, kaolinite, salt and limestone being most widely exploited. A landlocked country is one that has no coastline. ... Subtropical (or semitropical) areas are those adjacent to the tropics, usually roughly defined as the ranges 23. ... In general terms, the climate of a locale or region is said to be arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or even preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life. ... For other uses, see Sand (disambiguation). ... Savannah redirects here. ... Map of Niger River with Niger River basin in green The Niger River is the principal river of western Africa, extending over 2500 miles (about 4180 km). ... The Adrar des Ifoghas is a sandstone massif in Malis Kidal Region, having an area of about 250,000 km². The area is characterized by wide, shallow valleys, and is strewn with piles of eroded granite blocks. ... The Harmattan is a dry and dusty wind blowing northeast and west off the Sahara into the Gulf of Guinea between November and March (winter). ... Fields outside Benambra, Victoria, Australia suffering from drought conditions A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... This article is about the chemical element. ... In chemistry, a phosphate is a polyatomic ion or radical consisting of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen. ... Kaolin redirects here. ... This article is about common table salt. ... For other uses, see Limestone (disambiguation). ...

See List of cities in Mali This is a list of cities in Mali: Bamako Bla Djenné (Jenne) Gao Gargando Gossi Hombori Kayes Kidal Kita Koulikoro Mopti Nioro du Sahel Sadiola Segou Sikasso Taoudenni Tombouctou (Timbuktu) Categories: Lists of cities | Mali ...

Economy

Market scene in Kati

Main article: Economy of Mali

Mali is one of the poorest countries in the world. Between 1987 and about 1995, Mali implemented an economic adjustment programme that resulted in economic growth and a reduction in financial imbalances. This was reflected in the increased GDP growth rates (9.6% in 2002) and decreased inflation. GDP in 2002 amounted to US$3.2 billion, made up of agriculture 37.8%, industry 26.4% and services 35.9%. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 343 KB) Kati (Mali) market street. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 343 KB) Kati (Mali) market street. ... For the East Asian measure of weight, see Catty Kati is a town in Malis Koulikoro Region, about 15 km from Bamako, Malis capital. ... The Economy of Mali is based to a large extent on agriculture. ...

Effective implementation of macroeconomic stabilization and economic liberalization policies and the stable political situation resulted in good economic performance and enabled Mali to strengthen the foundations for a market-oriented economy and encourage private sector development, backed up by significant progress in implementing the country’s privatization programme. Agricultural reform measures were aimed at diversifying and expanding production as well as at reducing costs.

Mali’s economic performance is fragile, characterised by a vulnerability to climatic conditions, fluctuating terms of trade, dependence on ports in neighboring countries.

Mali produces cotton, cereals and rice. Although locally produced rice now provides competition to imported Asian rice, Mali's primary export is cotton. Livestock exports and industry (producing vegetable and cottonseed oils, and textiles) have experienced growth. Although most of Mali is desert or semi-desert, the Niger River is a potential irrigation source. Exports are in three primary sector products (56% gold, 27% cotton, 5% livestock. Cote d’Ivore is where most of the country’s trade goes through and the crisis previously experienced here had a negative effect on Mali’s economy.

The mining industry in Mali has recently attracted renewed interest and investment from foreign companies. Gold (Now fourth in the world for export) and phosphate are the only minerals mined in Mali although deposits of copper and diamonds do also exist. The emergence of gold as Mali’s leading export product since 1999 has helped mitigate some of the negative impact of the cotton and Côte d’Ivoire crises.

The development of the oil industry is important due to the country’s dependence on the importation of all petroleum products from neighbouring states. Electricity is provided by the parastatal utility, Electricité du Mali.

Demographics

A Bozo girl in Bamako

Great Mosque of Djenné

Main article: Demographics of Mali

Ethnic groups Mandé 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul (Fula/Fulani) 17%, Voltaic 12%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, Songhai 6%, other 5% Bozo the Clown is the name of a clown whose widespread syndication in early television made him the best-known clown character in the United States. ... Image File history File links Great_Mosque_of_Djenné_3_(cropped). ... Image File history File links Great_Mosque_of_Djenné_3_(cropped). ... The Great Mosques signature trio of minarets overlooks the central market of Djenné. The Great Mosque of Djenné is the largest mud brick building in the world and is considered by many architects to be the greatest achievement of the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style, albeit with definite Islamic influences. ... Malis population consists of diverse Sub-Saharan ethnic groups, sharing similar historic, cultural, and religious traditions. ...

Religions Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1% There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...

Culture

Mosque under construction in Bamako

Approximately 90% of Malians follow Sunni Islam, but not always to the exclusion of traditional religious beliefs and practices. Muslims have their own educational systems, leading in some cases to the equivalent of baccalaureate and doctoral studies. An increasingly large number of Muslims make the pilgrimage to Mecca and study in Arab countries. Christians comprise about 1% of the population, although under French colonial rule the introduction of missionaries into predominantly Islamic areas was encouraged. Image File history File linksMetadata The_new_mosque_in_mali_atamari. ... Image File history File linksMetadata The_new_mosque_in_mali_atamari. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ...

Literacy in French, the colonial language, is low and is concentrated in the urban areas. However, about 60% of the population is literate, although not necessarily in French: many are literate in Bamanakan (the largest spoken language), which has its own alphabet known as N'Ko. Others are also literate in Arabic, having attended Koranic school. One of the oldest universities in the world—Sankore, in Timbuktu—dates to the 1400s. The word NKo written in the NKo alphabet NKo is both a script devised by Solomana Kante in 1949 as a writing system for the Mande languages of West Africa, and the name of the literary language itself written in the script. ...

The music of Mali is best known outside of Africa for thekora virtouso Toumani Diabaté, the late roots and blues guitarist Ali Farka Touré and his successors Afel Bocoum and Vieux Farka Touré, the Tuareg band Tinariwen, and several Afro-pop artists such as Salif Keita, the duo Amadou et Mariam, and Oumou Sangare. The music of Mali is dominated by forms derived from the ancient Mande Empire. ... The kora is a 21-string harp-lute used extensively by peoples in West Africa. ... Toumani Diabaté (born August 10, 1965) is a Malian kora player who has gained international acclaim for his music. ... For the UK magazine, see Guitarist (magazine). ... Ali Ibrahim Farka Touré (October 31, 1939 in Timbuktu, Mali - March 6, 2006 in Bamako, Mali) was a Malian singer and guitarist, and one of the African continents most internationally renowned musicians. ... Afel Bocoum (born 1955) is a musician from Mali, noted as a singer and guitarist. ... Vieux Farka Touré is a Malian singer and guitarist, and son of one of the African continents most internationally renowned musicians Ali Farka Touré. Vieuxs debut solo album, released online in Fall 2006 and in retail worldwide February 2007, features Ali Farka Touré and Toumani Diabaté on several... For other senses of this name, see Tuareg (disambiguation). ... Tinariwen Tinariwen (Tamashek for empty places) is a musical band formed in 1982 in Moammar al-Qadhafis camps of Tuareg rebels. ... African popular music, like African traditional music, is vast and varied. ... Amens album cover Salif Keita (born August 25, 1949) is an internationally recognized Afro-Pop singer and song writer from Mali. ... ...

Miscellaneous topics

• Communications in Mali
• Foreign relations of Mali
• List of Mali-related topics
• Military of Mali
• Politics of Mali
• Reporters Without Borders Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2006: Rank 35 out of 168 countries (4 way tie with Australia, Bulgaria, and France)
• Scouting in Mali
• Transportation in Mali
• Media of Mali

Telephones - main lines in use: 45,000 (2000) Telephones - mobile cellular: 40,000 (2001) Telephone system: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service domestic: network consists of microwave radio relay, open wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress international: satellite earth stations - 2... Since independence in 1960, Malian governments have shifted from an ideological commitment to socialism and a policy alignment with communist states to a pragmatism that judges issues and their merits, welcomes assistance from all sources, and encourages private investment. ... Map of Mali This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that are related to Mali. ... Malis armed forces number some 7,000 and are under the control of the Minister of Armed Forces and Veterans. ... {Brogan {Politics of Mali}} Politics of Mali takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Mali is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Reporters Without Borders, or RWB (French: Reporters sans frontières, Spanish: Reporteros Sin Fronteras, or RSF) is a French origin international non-governmental organization that advocates freedom of the press, founded by its current general-secretary, Robert Menard. ... Mali is one of 35 countries where Scouting exists (be it embryonic or widespread) but where there is no National Scout Organization which is a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement at the present time. ... Railways: total: 729 km (linked to Senegals rail system through Kayes) (2001) narrow gauge: 729 km 1. ... Media of Mali In Mali, Freedom of speech and freedom of the press are guaranteed by the constitution and generally observed by the government. ...

References

External links

Mali Portal

Find more about Mali on Wikipedia's sister projects:
	Dictionary definitions
	Textbooks
	Quotations
	Source texts
	Images and media
	News stories
	Learning resources

Image File history File links Portal. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links WikiNews-Logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiversity-logo-Snorky. ...

Government

• Official Portal of the Government of Mali Official Portal of Government of Mali
• Presidence Republic of Mali Presidence Republic of Mali
• Ministry of Finances - Mali Ministry of Finances
• Ministry of Energy, Mines and Water - Mali Ministry of Energy, Mines and Water
• Ministry of Tourism - Mali Ministry of Tourism
• Malian Customs Services Malian Customs Services
• Tax Administration - Mali Tax Administration
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Internatinal Relations - Mali Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Internatinal Relations
• Ministry of Agriculture - Mali Ministry of Agriculture - Mali

Transportation

• Bamako Senou International Airport - Mali General Airport Information and Others

Embassies

• The Embassy of Mali in Washington DC Consular Services

News

• Malian National Tevelesion Network - ORTM National Television Station - Mali
• Malian Nightly News from Mali and other West African Countries
• Afribone News Roundup from Malian Newspapers
• allAfrica.com - Mali Mali Headlines News
• Africatime AfricaTime
• maliweb Maliweb
• Malila Malila
• Essor Essor - Malian Daily Newspaper

Overviews and country profile

• Assessment of all Sectors in Mali from 2002 to 2007Sectors: Agriculture, Urbanization, Water, Electricity, Tourism, Housing, Infrastructure, Employment, Health, Communication, Mining, Culture, Sports, Secondary Cities...
• BBC News Country Profile - Mali
• CIA World Factbook - Mali
• United Nations Human Rights - Mali dating from 1997
• Mali Folkecenter - Mali from an organisation aiming to promote the sustainable management of natural resources

Directories

• Africa Results Monitoring System - Mali
• Doing Business Report 2008 in Mali
• Mali MDGs Progress as of 2005
• Open Directory Project - Mali directory category
• Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: Mali directory category
• The Index on Africa - Mali directory category
• University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center: Mali directory category
• Yahoo! - Mali directory category
• Companies directory - Mali directory category
• University of Bamako - Mali University of Bamako

Literature

• Malian literature at a glance
• UNDP Human Development Report 2006 Mali Country Fact Sheet

Tourism

• Mali travel guide from Wikitravel
• Official Tourism Site - Mali
• Mali travel guide
• Local Mali Guide Services
• Budapest-Bamako, Great African Run
• Niger Currents: Exploring Life and Technology along the Niger River
• Malian Photos including Colonial Buildings
• Faces of Mali photo gallery

v • d • e Countries of Africa

West Africa Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ... This is an alphabetical list of African countries and dependencies. ... Image File history File links LocationWesternAfrica. ... Benin · Burkina Faso · Cape Verde · Côte d'Ivoire · The Gambia · Ghana · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Liberia · Mali · Mauritania · Niger · Nigeria · Senegal · Sierra Leone · Togo North Africa Image File history File links LocationNorthernAfrica. ... Algeria · Egypt1 · Libya · Mauritania · Morocco · Sudan · Tunisia · Western Sahara Central Africa Image File history File links LocationCentralMiddleAfrica. ... Angola · Burundi · Cameroon · Central African Republic · Chad · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Equatorial Guinea · Gabon · Republic of the Congo · Rwanda · São Tomé and Príncipe East Africa Image File history File links LocationEasternAfrica. ... Burundi · Comoros · Djibouti · Eritrea · Ethiopia · Kenya · Madagascar · Malawi · Mauritius · Mozambique · Rwanda · Seychelles · Somalia · Tanzania · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe Southern Africa Image File history File links LocationSouthernAfrica. ... Botswana · Lesotho · Namibia · South Africa · Swaziland Dependencies  |  Unrecognized British Indian Ocean Territory (UK) · Mayotte (France) · Réunion (France) · St. Helena2 (UK)  |  Canary Islands (Spain) · Ceuta (Spain) · Madeira (Portugal) · Melilla (Spain) · Socotra (Yemen) · Puntland · Somaliland · Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic World map of dependent territories. ... The list of unrecognized countries enumerates those geo-political entities which lack general diplomatic recognition, but wish to be recognized as sovereign states. ... For other uses, see Saint Helena (disambiguation). ... Anthem: Arrorró Capital Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 13th  7,447 km²  1. ... Capital Ceuta City Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  28 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  75,861    2,709. ... For other uses, see Madeira (disambiguation). ... Capital Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  20 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  66,871    3,343. ... Map of the Socotra archipelago Socotra or Soqotra (Arabic سقطرى ; ) is a small archipelago of four islands and islets in the Indian Ocean off the coast of the Horm Africa some 350 km south of the Arabian peninsula. ... Motto None Anthem Puntland Somali National Anthem Capital Garowe (Administrative), Bosaso (Commercial) Largest city Bosaso Official languages Somali and Arabic Government  -  President Mohamud Muse Hersi  -  Vice-President Hassan Dahir Mohamud Autonomy Inside Somalia   -  Declared 1998   -  Recognition   Area  -  Total 212,510 km km² (84th) n/a sq mi   -  Water (%) Negl. ... For other territories formerly called Somaliland, see Somaliland (disambiguation). ... Motto: حرية ديمقراطية وحدة (Arabic) Liberty, Democracy, Unity Anthem: Yābaniy Es-Saharā  listen This map indicates the territory claimed by the SADR, viz. ... 1 Partly in Asia.  2 Includes the dependencies of Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha. This is a list of countries spanning more than one continent. ... Anthem: God Save the Queen Capital Georgetown Largest city Georgetown Official languages English Government Dependency of St. ... Motto Our faith is our strength Anthem God Save the Queen Capital (and largest city) Edinburgh of the Seven Seas Official languages English Government Dependency of St. ...

v • d • e African Union (AU)

Algeria · Angola · Benin · Botswana · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cameroon · Cape Verde · Central African Republic · Chad · Comoros · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Côte d'Ivoire · Djibouti · Egypt · Eritrea · Ethiopia · Equatorial Guinea · Gabon · The Gambia · Ghana · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Kenya · Lesotho · Liberia · Libya · Madagascar · Malawi · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Mozambique · Namibia · Niger · Nigeria · Rwanda · Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Somalia · South Africa · Sudan · Swaziland · Tanzania · Togo · Tunisia · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe

v • d • e Member states and observers of La Francophonie
Members	Albania · Andorra · Belgium (French Community) · Benin · Bulgaria · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cambodia · Cameroon · Canada (New Brunswick · Quebec) · Cape Verde · Central African Republic · Chad · Cyprus1 · Comoros · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Côte d'Ivoire · Djibouti · Dominica · Egypt · Equatorial Guinea · Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia · France (including French Guiana · Guadeloupe · Martinique · Saint Pierre and Miquelon) · Gabon · Ghana1 · Greece · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Haiti · Laos · Luxembourg · Lebanon · Madagascar · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Moldova · Monaco · Morocco · Niger · Romania · Rwanda · St. Lucia · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Switzerland · Togo · Tunisia · Vanuatu · Vietnam
Observers	Armenia · Austria · Croatia · Czech Republic · Georgia · Hungary · Lithuania · Mozambique · Poland · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Ukraine Anthem Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together [1] Administrative Centre Largest city Cairo, Egypt Working languages Arabic English French Portuguese Swahili Membership 53 African states Leaders  -  Chairman John Kufuor  -  Alpha Oumar Konaré Establishment  -  as the OAU May 25, 1963   -  as the African Union July 9, 2002  Area  -  Total 29... Motto: Unité, Progrès, Justice(French) Unity, Progress, Justice Anthem: Une Seule Nuit(French) One Single Night Capital (and largest city) Ouagadougou Official languages French Demonym Burkinabé Government Semi-presidential republic  -  President Blaise Compaoré  -  Prime Minister Tertius Zongo Independence from France   -  Date August 5, 1960  Area  -  Total 274,000 km... For the surface feature on Mars, see Cape Verde (Mars). ... Motto Unité, Dignité, Travail(French) Unity, Dignity, Work Anthem La Renaissance(French) E Zingo(Sango) Capital (and largest city) Bangui Official languages Sango, French Government Republic  -  President François Bozizé  -  Prime Minister Élie Doté Independence from France   -  Date August 13, 1960  Area  -  Total 622,984 km² (43rd) 240,534 sq... DRC redirects here. ... Motto Unité, Travail, Progrès(French) Unity, Work, Progress Anthem La Congolaise Capital (and largest city) Brazzaville Official languages French Government Republic  -  President Denis Sassou Nguesso  -  Prime Minister Isidore Mvouba Independence from France   -  Date 15 August 1960  Area  -  Total 342,000 km² (64th) 132,047 sq mi   -  Water (%) 3. ... Motto Unity, Discipline and Labour(translation) Anthem LAbidjanaise Capital Yamoussoukro (de jure) Abidjan (de facto) Largest city Abidjan Official languages French Demonym Ivorian Government Republic  -  President Laurent Gbagbo[1]  -  Prime Minister Guillaume Soro[1] Independence from France   -  Date August 7, 1960  Area  -  Total 322,460 km² (68th) 124,502... Motto Unidad, Paz, Justicia(Spanish) Unity, Peace, Justice Anthem Caminemos pisando la senda Capital (and largest city) Malabo Official languages Spanish, Portuguese[1], French Government Republic  -  President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo  -  Prime Minister Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea Independence  -  from Spain October 12, 1968  Area  -  Total 28,051 km² (144th) 10... For the river, see Gambia River. ... Motto: حرية ديمقراطية وحدة (Arabic) Liberty, Democracy, Unity Anthem: Yābaniy Es-Saharā  listen This map indicates the territory claimed by the SADR, viz. ... Anthem: Independência total Capital (and largest city) São Tomé Official languages Portuguese Demonym Santomean Government Republic  -  President Fradique de Menezes  -  Prime Minister Tomé Vera Cruz Independence from Portugal   -  Date 12 July 1975  Area  -  Total 964 km² (183rd) 372 sq mi   -  Water (%) 0 Population  -  2005 estimate 157,000 (188th... Motto: Unity - Freedom - Justice Anthem: High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free Capital Freetown (1,070,200) Largest city Freetown Official languages English Demonym Sierra Leonean, Sierra Leonian Government Constitutional republic  -  President Ernest Bai Koroma  -  Vice President Samuel Sam-Sumana Independence  -  from the United Kingdom April 27, 1961   -  Republic... This article is about the country on the southern tip of the African continent. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_African_Union. ... Headquarters Tripoli, Libya Official language]]s English, French, Arabic and Portuguese Type Trade bloc Membership 25 member states Leaders  -  Secretary General Mohamed Al-Madani Al-Azhari Establishment  -  Signed 4 February 1998  Website http://www. ... Motto Égalité, Complémentarité, Solidarité Members and participants of La Francophonie. ... The French Community area of Belgium The French Community of Belgium (French: , Dutch: , German: ) is one of the three official communities in Belgium along with the Flemish Community and the German speaking Community. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Motto: Anthem: Today Over Macedonia (Macedonian: Денес Над Македонија, Denes Nad Makedonija) Capital Skopje Largest city Skopje Official language(s) Macedonian1 Government President Prime Minister Parliamentary republic Branko Crvenkovski Vlado Bučkovski Independence Declared From Yugoslavia September 8, 1991 Area  â€¢ Total  â€¢ Water (%)   25,333 km² (146th) 1. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_La_Francophonie. ... Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ...
1 Associate member.

v • d • e The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)
Members	Afghanistan  · Albania  · Algeria  · Azerbaijan  · Bahrain  · Bangladesh  · Benin  · Burkina Faso  · Brunei  · Cameroon  · Chad  · Comoros  · Côte d'Ivoire  · Djibouti  · Egypt  · Gabon  · Gambia  · Guinea  · Guinea-Bissau  · Guyana  · Indonesia  · Iran  · Iraq  · Jordan  · Kuwait  · Kazakhstan  · Kyrgyzstan  · Lebanon  · Libya  · Maldives  · Malaysia  · Mali  · Mauritania  · Morocco  · Mozambique  · Niger  · Nigeria  · Oman  · Pakistan  · Palestine  · Qatar  · Saudi Arabia  · Senegal  · Sierra Leone  · Somalia  · Sudan  · Suriname  · Syria  · Tajikistan  · Turkey  · Tunisia  · Togo  · Turkmenistan  · Uganda  · Uzbekistan  · United Arab Emirates  · Yemen
Observers	Countries and territories Bosnia and Herzegovina  · Central African Republic  · Russia  · Thailand  · Northern Cyprus (as Turkish Cypriot State) Muslim communities Moro National Liberation Front International organizations Economic Cooperation Organization  · African Union  · Arab League  · Non-Aligned Movement  · United Nations

v • d • e Afro-Asiatic-speaking nations

v • d • e Berber  Algeria  Egypt The flag of the Organ of the Islamic Conference (OIC) Membership in the OIC:  Member Members once temporarily suspended Withdrew Observer Attempted to join but blocked OIC redirects here. ... Motto: Unité, Progrès, Justice(French) Unity, Progress, Justice Anthem: Une Seule Nuit(French) One Single Night Capital (and largest city) Ouagadougou Official languages French Demonym Burkinabé Government Semi-presidential republic  -  President Blaise Compaoré  -  Prime Minister Tertius Zongo Independence from France   -  Date August 5, 1960  Area  -  Total 274,000 km... The Republic of The Gambia is a country in West Africa. ... “Palestinian government” redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_OIC.svg Beschreibung The flag of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC). ... Anthem: Ä°stiklâl Marşı(Turkish) Independence March Capital Nicosia (LefkoÅŸa in Turkish) Official languages Turkish Government Representative democratic republic1  -  President Mehmet Ali Talat  -  Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Independence from Cyprus   -  Proclaimed November 15, 1983   -  Recognition By Turkey only  Area  -  Total 3,355 km² (167th ranked together with Cyprus... The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) is an active Islamic movement in the Southern Philippines. ... Map of the ECO member states The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is an intergovernmental international organization involving ten Asian nations. ... Anthem Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together [1] Administrative Centre Largest city Cairo, Egypt Working languages Arabic English French Portuguese Swahili Membership 53 African states Leaders  -  Chairman John Kufuor  -  Alpha Oumar Konaré Establishment  -  as the OAU May 25, 1963   -  as the African Union July 9, 2002  Area  -  Total 29... Headquarters Cairo, Egypt1 Official languages Arabic Membership 22 Arab states 2 observer states Leaders  -  Secretary General Amr Moussa (since 2001)  -  Council of the Arab League Sudan  -  Speaker of the Arab Parliament Nabih Berri Establishment  -  Alexandria Protocol March 22, 1945  Area  -  Total 13,953,041 (Western Sahara Included) = 13,687,041... Member states of the Non-Aligned Movement (2005). ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... The Afro-Asiatic languages constitute a language family (Languages of Africa) with about 375 languages (SIL estimate) and more than 300 million speakers spread throughout North Africa, East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa, and Southwest Asia (including some 200 million speakers of Arabic). ... The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Algeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ...  Libya  Mali Image File history File links Flag_of_Libya. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mali. ...  Mauritania  Morocco Image File history File links Flag_of_Mauritania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Morocco. ...  Niger  Tunisia Image File history File links Flag_of_Niger. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tunisia. ... v • d • e Chadic  Cameroon  Central African Republic  Chad The Chadic languages are a language family spoken across northern Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Central African Republic and Cameroon, belonging to the Afro-Asiatic phylum. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cameroon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chad. ...  Niger  Nigeria Image File history File links Flag_of_Niger. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nigeria. ... v • d • e Cushitic Cushitic  Djibouti  Eritrea The Cushitic languages are a subgroup of the Afro-Asiatic languages, named after the Biblical figure Cush by analogy with Semitic. ... The Cushitic languages are a subgroup of the Afro-Asiatic languages, named after the Biblical figure Cush by analogy with Semitic. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Djibouti. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Eritrea. ...  Ethiopia  Kenya Image File history File links Flag_of_Ethiopia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kenya. ...  Somalia Image File history File links Flag_of_Somalia. ... Beja  Egypt  Eritrea Beja (also called Bedawi, Bedauye, To Bedawie) is an Afro-Asiatic language of the southern coast of the Red Sea, spoken by about two million nomads in parts of Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Eritrea. ...  Sudan Image File history File links Flag_of_Sudan. ... v • d • e Egyptian     Egypt v • d • e Omotic  Ethiopia v • d • e Semitic Arabic / Maltese  Algeria  Bahrain  Egypt  Iraq  Israel  Jordan The language of the Egyptian hieroglyphs and their modern descendant, the Coptic language is classifed under this category. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... The Omotic languages are Afro-Asiatic languages spoken in northeast Africa. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ethiopia. ... 14th century BC diplomatic letter in Akkadian, found in Tell Amarna. ... Arabic redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Algeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bahrain. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ...  Kuwait  Lebanon  Libya  Malta  Mauritania  Morocco Image File history File links Flag_of_Kuwait. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lebanon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Libya. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Malta. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mauritania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Morocco. ...  Oman  PNA  Qatar  Saudi Arabia  Sudan1 Image File history File links Flag_of_Oman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palestine. ... This article is about the Palestinian territories as a geopolitical phenomenon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Qatar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sudan. ...  Syria  Tunisia  UAE  W. Sahara  Yemen Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tunisia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates. ... This article is about the United Arab Emirates. ... Western Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الغربية; transliterated: ; Spanish: Sahara Occidental) is a territory of northwestern Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria in the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Yemen. ... Northwest Semitic2  Iraq  Israel  Syria The Northwest Semitic languages form a medium-level division of the Semitic language family. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... South Semitic  Eritrea  Ethiopia  Oman  Yemen South Semitic is one of the three macro-classifications in Semitic linguistics, the other two being North Semitic (e. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Eritrea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ethiopia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Oman. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Yemen. ... 1 excluding Southern Sudan.    2 Aramaic and Hebrew.