Part of a series of articles on Islam Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (مسلم), believe God (Arabic: الله ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ...     History of Islam Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (مسلم), believe God (Arabic: الله ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... Image File history File links Mosque02. ... The History of Islam involves the history of the Islamic faith as a religion and as a social institution. ...

Beliefs and practices

Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Charity • Pilgrimage Aqidah, sometimes spelt as Aqeeda, Aqida or Aqeedah. ... TawÄ«d (also Tawheed,Tauheed and other spellings; Arabic: ‎ ; Turkish: Tevhid) is the Islamic concept of monotheism In Islam, TawhÄ«d means to assert the unity of God. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The shahadah (Arabic:   translit: ) (Turkish: Åžehadet) is the Islamic creed. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Zakât (or Zakaat or Zakah) (English:tax, alms, tithe) (Arabic: زكاة, Old (Quran) Arabic: زكوة) is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam in Sunni Islam and one of the Branches of Religion in Shia Islam. ... Arabic pronunciation The Hajj ( translit: ), (Turkish:Hac), (Malay:Haji) is the Pilgrimage to Mecca in Islam. ...

Major figures

Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Companions of Muhammad This page is a list of Muslims in various professions and fields. ... Muhammad (Arabic ; also Mohammed, Mohamet, and other variants[1] [2] [3]), 570-632 C.E.,[4] [5] was an Arab religious and political leader who established Islam and the Muslim community (Ummah, Arabic: أمة) to whom he preached. ... This is an Arabic phrase literally translated as People of the House, or family. ... Prophets of Islam are human beings who are regarded by Muslims to be prophets. ... In Islam, the Ṣaḥābah (Arabic: ‎ companions) were the companions of Muhammad. ...

Texts & Laws

Qur'an • Sunnah • Hadith Fiqh • Sharia • Theology // Quran Text Surahs Ayah Commentary/Exegesis Tafsir ibn Kathir (by Ibn Kathir) Tafsir al-Tabari (by Tabari) Al Kordobi Tafseer-e-kabir (by Imam Razi) Tafheem-al-Quran (by Maulana Maududi) Sunnah/Hadith Hadith (Traditions of The Prophet) The Siha-e-Sitta al-Bukhari (d. ... The Qurān [1] (Arabic: ‎ , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and Al-Quran), is the central religious text of Islam. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hadith ( translit: ) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of Muhammad. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Sharia ( translit: ) refers to the body of Islamic law. ... Kalam (علم الكلم)is one of the religious sciences of Islam. ...

Major branches

Sunni • Shi'a The religion of Islam has many divisions, sects, schools, traditions, and related faiths. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shia Islam, also Shiite Islam, or Shiism (Arabic:شيعة, Persian:شیعه translit: ) is a denomination of the Islamic faith. ...

Societal aspects

Academics • History Philosophy • Science Art • Architecture • Cities Calendar • Holidays • Women Leaders • Politics • Islamism Muslim culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples. ... Islamic Studies is the academic discipline which focuses on Islamic issues. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Islamic philosophy (الفلسفة الإسلامية) is a part of the Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between faith, reason or philosophy, and the religious teachings of Islam. ... This is a subarticle to Islamic studies and science. ... Islamic art is the art of Islamic people, cultures, and countries. ... The Taj Mahal in Agra, built by Shah Jehan as a mausoleum for his wife, represents the pinnacle of Mughal Islamic architecture in India and is one of the most recognisable buildings in the world. ... // This is a list of cities that various groups regard as holy. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwÄ«m al-hijrÄ«; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری Gāhshomāri-ye Hejri; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic... Friday is an important day in the life of a Muslim and it is believed that any devotional acts done on this day gain a higher reward. ... Islam considers men and women to be equal by nature. ... Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been persons who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. ... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... This article is about political Islamism. ...

See also

Vocabulary of Islam The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Islam and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. ... This box: view • talk • edit

This page deals with Islamic thought. For the Prime Minister of Iraq, see Nouri al-Maliki.

The Maliki madhab (Arabic مالكي) is one of the four schools of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam. It is the third-largest of the four schools, followed by approximately 20% of Muslims, mostly in North Africa and West Africa. Kingdom of Iraq (1921-1959) The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraqs head of government. ... Nouri al-Maliki Nouri Kamel al-Maliki (Arabic: نوري كامل المالكي, transliterated NÅ«rÄ« Kāmil al-MālikÄ«; born c. ... Madhhab(مذهب) (Madhahib, pl) is an Islamic term that refers to a school of thought or religious jurisprudence (fiqh) within Sunni Islam. ... The Arabic language ( ), or simply Arabic ( ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew, Amharic and Aramaic. ... Madhhab(مذهب) (Madhahib, pl) is an Islamic term that refers to a school of thought or religious jurisprudence (fiqh) within Sunni Islam. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ...

Madhabs are not sects, but rather schools of jurisprudence. There is, technically, no rivalry or competition between members of varying madhabs, and indeed it would not be uncommon for followers of all four to be found in a randomly selected American or European mosque.The other three schools of thought are Shafi, Hanafi, and Hanbali. Madhhab(مذهب) (Madhahib, pl) is an Islamic term that refers to a school of thought or religious jurisprudence (fiqh) within Sunni Islam. ... A sect is generally a small religious or political group that has branched off from a larger established group. ... Jurisprudence is the theory and philosophy of law. ... European redirects here. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... Shafii is one of the four schools of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam. ... Hanafi (Arabic: حنفي ) is one of the four schools of thought (Madhabs) or jurisprudence (Fiqh) within Sunni Islam. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Less reliance on hadith

The Maliki school derives from the work of Imam Malik. It differs from the three other schools of law most notably in the sources it uses for derivation of rulings. All four schools use the Qur'an as primary source, followed by the sunnah of the prophet Muhammad transmitted as hadith (sayings), ijma (consensus of the People) and Qiyas (analogy); the Maliki school, in addition, uses the practice of the people of Medina (a'mal ahl al-medina) as a source. Malik ibn Anas ibn Malik ibn Amr (714 - 796) was one of the most highly respected scholars of fiqh in the Sunni sect of Islam. ... The Qurān [1] (Arabic: ‎ , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and Al-Quran), is the central religious text of Islam. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Muhammad (Arabic ; also Mohammed, Mohamet, and other variants[1] [2] [3]), 570-632 C.E.,[4] [5] was an Arab religious and political leader who established Islam and the Muslim community (Ummah, Arabic: أمة) to whom he preached. ... Hadith ( translit: ) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of Muhammad. ... Ijmāʿ (إجماع) is an Arabic tern referring to the consensus of the ummah, the community of Muslims, those practicing Islam, or of the ulema, those learned in the relevant topic. ... In Sunni Islamic jurisprudence, Qiyas is the process of analogical reasoning from a known injunction (nass) to a new injunction. ... Medina (Arabic: ‎ or المدينة ; also transliterated into English as Madinah) is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. ...

This source, according to Malik, sometimes supersedes hadith, because the practice of the people of Medina was considered "living sunnah," in as much as the Prophet migrated there, lived there and died there, and most of his companions lived there during his life and after his death. The result is a much more limited reliance upon hadith than is found in other schools. Hadith ( translit: ) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of Muhammad. ...

Imam Malik was particularly scrupulous about authenticating his sources when he did appeal to them, however, and his comparatively small collection of ahadith, known as Al-Muwatta ("The Approved"), is highly regarded. Malik is said to have explained the title as follows: "I showed my book to seventy jurists of Medina, and every single one of them approved me for it (kulluhum wâta’ani `alayh), so I named it ‘The Approved’." The Muwatta is a collection of hadith of the Muhammad that form the basis for the jurisprudence of the Maliki school. ...

Imam Malik

Malik was once sentenced to a lashing by the caliph Abu Ja`far al-Mansur for narrating a hadith to the effect that a divorce obtained under coercion was invalid. The hadith in question had momentous political implications, because it supported those who argued that the caliph's authority was similarly invalid -- because it, too, had been secured by means of coercion. Caliph is the title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... This article is about the Abbasid Caliph Al Mansur of Baghdad. ...

Eventually, Malik was paraded through the streets in disgrace and ordered to insult himself publicly. He is reported to have said: "Whoever knows me, knows me; whoever does not know me, my name is Malik ibn Anas, and I say: The divorce of the coerced is null and void!" When the incident was reported to the governor of Medina (who was also the cousin of al-Mansur), Malik was ordered released.

Differences in prayer from other madhabs

There are slight differences in the preferred methods of salaat, or prayer, in the Maliki school. Salah (other terms and spellings exist) (Arabic: صلاه , Old (Quran) Arabic: صلوة ) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. ...

• Leaving the hands to dangle at one's sides during prayer; however, the common Sunni practice of joining the hands beneath the chest, right hand over left, does NOT invalidate the prayer, since leaving the hands down is just a recommended act (in fact, several famous Maliki scholars, including Qadi Iyad, were of the opinion that the hands should in fact be folded across the chest like everyone else does).
• Looking straight ahead at eye-level (i.e. literally "facing" the Ka'aba) during the standing and sitting parts of the prayer, rather than looking down towards the place of prostration
• Not reciting any supplications before the Fatihah in obligatory prayers (the basmalah (reciting "in the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful" before the Fatihah) is frowned upon in obligatory prayers)
• Turning the right-handed fist is on its side (such that pinky is touching the thigh) and moving the right index finger back and forth horizontally during the sitting parts of the prayers
• Saying the ending tasleem only once ("As-salaamu 'alaykum" while turning the head to the right); anything more is frowned upon (except for followers behind an imam, who are recommended to face the front again and say "wa 'alaykum as-salaam" to the imam and, if anyone is to their left, turn their head to the left and say "wa 'alaykum as-salaam" to the person on their left).

However, deviating from any of these recommended practices does NOT invalidate prayer, nor are these differences worth delving into for the layperson.

Notable Maliki jurists

• Imam Malik ibn Anas (714 - 796), sunni jurist
• Ibn Battuta (February 24, 1304 - 1377), explorer
• Ibn Khaldun (1332/ah732 - 1406/ah808) Scholar, historian and author of the Muqaddimah
• Abdullah ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (310/922 - 386/996) Sunni jurist and author of the Risala a standard work in Maliki law
• Sahnun ibn Said (160/776-7 - 240/854-5) Sunni jurist and author of the Mudawwana one of the most important works in Maliki law
• [Yusuf ibn Abdul-Barr] Jurist, and scholar in Hadith
• ibn Rushd (Averroes) Philosopher and scholar
• Qadi Iyad ibn Musa al- Yahsubi (d. 1149). Author of ash-Shifa
• Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki (1947 - 2004) Scholar
• Shihab al-Din Qarafi (d. 1285) Egyptian jurist and author
• Ibn Abd-al-Barr

Malik ibn Anas ibn Malik ibn Amr (714 - 796) was one of the most highly respected scholars of fiqh in the Sunni sect of Islam. ... Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Batuta (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد ابن بطوطة) (born February 24, 1304; year of death uncertain, possibly 1368 or 1377) was a Moroccan Berber Sunni Islamic scholar and jurisprudent from the Maliki Madhhab (a school of Fiqh, or Sunni Islamic law), and at times a Qadi or judge. ... Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khaldūn (full name ) (ابو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي ), (May 27, 1332/732AH to March 19, 1406/808AH) was a famous Arab historiographer and historian born in present-day Tunisia, and is sometimes viewed as one of the forerunners of modern historiography, sociology and economics. ... The Muqaddimah, or the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun (Arabic: مقدّمة ابن خلدون), records an early Muslim view of universal history. Many modern thinkers view it as one of the first works of sociology. ... For other uses, see Risala (disambiguation). ... Hadith ( translit: ) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of Muhammad. ... Averroes (1126 - December 10, 1198) was an Andalusi philosopher and physician, a master of philosophy and Islamic law, mathematics and medicine. ... Ibn Rushd, known as Averroes (1126 – December 10, 1198), was an Andalusian-Arab philosopher and physician, a master of philosophy and Islamic law, mathematics, and medicine. ... Qadi Iyad, Imam and Hafidh, Abul-Fadl Iyad ibn Musa ibn Iyad al-Yahsubi (d. ... Shaikh Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki Al-Sayyid Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Abbas al-Maliki (1947 - 2004) was a prominent Islamic scholar from Saudi Arabia. ... Shihab al-Din Qarafi (d. ... Yusuf ibn Abd-Allah, known as Ibn Abd-al-Barr [1] (463/1070) [2] (b. ...

See also

• List of Islamic scholars

Islamic scholars are Muslim and non-Muslim scholars who work in one or more fields of Islamic studies. ...

External links

• Translation of Malik's Muwatta
• Aisha Bewley's homepage - includes translations of a variety of important Maliki source texts
• Biographical summary of Imam Malik
• Muslims of Norwich A Maliki community
• Yahoo! Maliki Fiqh Group Full of links to Maliki Fiqh resources
• Yahoo! Maliki Fiqh list in Danish Discussion list for Maliki Fiqh in Danish

• Yahoo! Guiding Helper Group Guiding Helper discussion group