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A malocclusion refers to the misalignment of teeth and/or incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches. The upper arch is called the maxilla and the lower is called the mandible. Most people have some degree of malocclusion, although it isn't usually serious enough to require treatment. Those who have more severe malocclusions may require orthodontic and sometimes surgical treatment to correct the problem. Correction of malocclusion may reduce risk of tooth decay and help relieve excessive pressure on the temporomandibular joint. Orthodontic treatment is also used to align for aesthetic reasons. Orthodontics is the specialty in dentistry that studies the alteration of the alignment of crooked teeth. ...
The temporomandibular joint (From the Latin for too much jaw) is a diarthrodial joint that connects the condyle of the mandible (lower jaw) to the temporal bone at the side of a skull. ...
Malocclusions may be coupled with skeletal disharmony of the face, where the relations between the upper and lower jaws are not appropriate. In these cases the dental problem is, most of the time, derived from the skeletal disharmony. Malocclusions can be divided mainly into three types, depending on the sagittal relations of teeth and jaws:
Angle's classification method Edward Angle, who is considered the father of modern orthodontics, was the first to classify malocclusion. He based his classifications on the relative position of the maxillary first molar. According to Angle, the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar should rest on the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar. Any variations from this resulted in malocclusion types. It is also possible to have different classes of maloclusion on left and right sides. Edward Hartley Angle (June 1, 1855 - August 11, 1910) was an American dentist, widely regarded as the father of orthodontics. ...
It is estimated that approximately 18% of the United States population suffers from an over sided malocclusion, while only 11% suffer from an under malocclusion. - Class I: Here the molar relationship of the occlusion is normal or as described before, but the other teeth have problems like spacing, crowding, over or under eruption, etc.
Class I with severe crowding and labially erupted canines - Class II: In this situation, the upper molars are placed not in the mesiobuccal groove but anteriorly to it. Usually in the mesio buccal cusp rests in between the first mandibular molars and second premolars.
class II molar relationship there are two subtypes Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã 555 pixelsFull resolution (1528 Ã 1060 pixel, file size: 1. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã 555 pixelsFull resolution (1528 Ã 1060 pixel, file size: 1. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 670 Ã 599 pixelsFull resolution (939 Ã 840 pixel, file size: 453 KiB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Dr. Vipin C. P. class II human Molar relationsship. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 670 Ã 599 pixelsFull resolution (939 Ã 840 pixel, file size: 453 KiB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Dr. Vipin C. P. class II human Molar relationsship. ...
- Class II Division 1: The molar relationships are like that of Class II and the anterior teeth are protruded.
- Class II Division 2: The molar relationships are class II but the central are retroclined and the lateral teeth are seen overlapping the centrals.
- Class III: (prognathism or negative overjet) is when the lower front teeth are more prominent than the upper front teeth. In this case the patient has very often a large mandible or a short maxillary bone.
Other kind of malocclusions are due to vertical discrepancies. Long faces may lead to open bite, while short faces can be coupled to a deep bite. However, there are many other more common causes for open bites such as tongue thrusting, thumb sucking, etc, and likewise for deep bites. This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Malocclusions can also be secondary to transversal skeletal discrepancy or to a skeletal asymmetry. Many authors have tried to classify or modify Angle's classification. This has resulted in many subtypes.
External links Dentofacial Anomalies: Malocclusion - Micrognathism - Prognathism - Retrognathism - Temporomandibular joint disorder Developmental Anomalies: Amelogenesis imperfecta - Anodontia - Concrescence - Dens evaginatus - Dens invaginatus - Dentin dysplasia - Dentinogenesis imperfecta - Dilaceration - Enamel pearl - Fusion - Gemination - Hyperdontia - Macrodontia - Microdontia - Regional odontodysplasia - Talon cusp - Taurodontism - Turner's hypoplasia Hard, Soft and Periapical Tissues: Attrition - Abrasion - Ankylosis - Dental caries - Denticles - Erosion - External resorption - Fluorosis - Gingivitis - Hypercementosis - Impaction - Internal resorption - Periodontitis - Pulpitis - Pulp stones - Ulcer Maxillomandibular Anomalies: Ameloblastoma - Odontogenic keratocyst - Torus mandibularis - Torus palatinus Lip and Oral Mucosa: Angular cheilitis - Erythroplakia - Hairy leukoplakia - Leukoplakia Salivary Glands: Drooling - Benign lymphoepithelial lesion - Frey's syndrome - Mikulicz's disease - Mucus retention cyst - Mumps - Necrotizing sialometaplasia - Ranula - Sialadenitis - Sialolithiasis - Sjogren's syndrome - Stomatitis - Xerostomia Tongue: Geographic tongue - Fissured tongue - Glossitis - Glossodynia Look up oral in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Pathology (from Greek pathos, feeling, pain, suffering; and logos, study of; see also -ology) is the study of the processes underlying disease and other forms of illness, harmful abnormality, or dysfunction. ...
Oral pathology, also known in the United States of America as oral and maxillofacial pathology is the specialty of dentistry and pathology which deals with the nature, identification, and management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. ...
Micrognathism (or Micrognathia) is a condition where the jaw is undersized. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Retrognathism (or retrognathia) is a type of malocclusion which refers to a mandible which is further posterior than would be expected. ...
Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD, TMJ or TMD), or TMJ syndrome, is an umbrella term covering acute or chronic inflammation of the temporomandibular joint, which connects the lower jaw to the skull. ...
Amelogenesis Imperfecta is an inherited condition that presents abnormal formation of the enamel or external layer of teeth. ...
In dentistry, anodontia, also called anodontia vera, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the congenital absence of all primary or permanent teeth. ...
Concrescence is a condition of teeth where the cementum overlying the roots of at least two teeth join together. ...
Dens envaginatus is a condition found in teeth where the outer surface appears to form an extra bump or cusp. ...
Dens invaginatus, also known as dens in dente, is a condition found in teeth where the outer surface folds inward. ...
Dentin dysplasia is a genetic disorder of teeth, commonly exhibiting an autosomal dominant inheritance. ...
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder of tooth development. ...
It is a developmental disturbance in shape of teeth. ...
An enamel pearl is a condition of teeth where enamel is found on locations where enamel is not supposed to be, such as on a root surface. ...
In dentistry, tooth fusion is the joining of two teeth, resulting in a single large tooth. ...
Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-07-20, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...
This does not cite its references or sources. ...
Macrodontia is a condition in which the teeth appear larger than normal. ...
Microdontia is a condition in which teeth appear smaller than normal. ...
Regional odontodysplasia is a developmental abnormality of teeth, usually localized to a certain area and nonhereditary. ...
A talon cusp, also known as an eagles talon, is an extra cusp on an anterior tooth. ...
Taurodontism is a condition found in teeth where the body of the tooth and pulp chamber is enlarged. ...
Turners hypoplasia is an abnormality found in teeth. ...
Attrition is the loss of tooth structure due to by mechanical forces from opposing teeth. ...
Abrasion is the loss of tooth structure by mechanical forces from a foreign element. ...
Ankylosis, or Anchylosis is a stiffness of a joint, the result of injury or disease. ...
Denticles are body surface structures found on some fish and insects. ...
Erosion is the loss of tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by acids not of bacterial origin. ...
External resorption is a condition of a tooth where the root surface is lost. ...
Picture of a mild case of fluorosis. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
A medical condition that can occur mainly in reptiles when they consume something that they cannot digest. ...
Internal resorption is an unusual condition of a tooth when the dentin and pulpal walls begin to resorb centrally within the root canal. ...
Periodontitis, or Pyorrhea, is a disease involving inflammation of the gingiva, which, often persisting unnoticed for many years in a patient, can result in loss of clinical periodontal attachment between the teeth and the surrounding alveolar bone. ...
Pulpitis is an inflammation of the dental pulp. ...
Mouth ulcer on the lower lip An oral ulcer (from Latin ulcus) is the name for the appearance of an open sore inside the mouth caused by a break in the mucous membrane or the epithelium on the lips or surrounding the mouth. ...
Ameloblastoma is a rare, benign tumor of odontogenic epithelium (the cells that create the enamel, or outside portion, of the teeth during development) often appearing in the upper or lower jaw. ...
An odontogenic keratocyst is a benign but locally aggressive developmental odontogenic cyst. ...
These are an example of large mandibular tori. ...
This is an example of palatal torus. ...
A condition where there are deep cracks and splits at the corners of the mouth. ...
Erythroplakia is a flat red patch or lesion on the oral or pharyngeal surfaces. ...
Hairly leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. ...
Leukoplakia is a condition of the mouth that involves the formation of white leathery spots on the mucous membranes of the tongue and inside of the mouth. ...
Drooling (also known as ptyalism) is when saliva flows outside the mouth. ...
Benign lymphoepithelial lesion is a type of benign enlargement of the parotid and/or lacrimal glands. ...
Freys syndrome (also known as Baillargerâs syndrome, Dupuyâs syndrome or Frey-Baillarger syndrome) is a food related syndrome which can be congenital or not, and can persist for life. ...
Necrotizing sialometaplasia is an ulcer which feels as if it causes part of the hard palate to fall out. ...
A ranula is a type of mucocele found on the floor of the mouth. ...
Sialadenitis is inflammation of a salivary gland. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Sjögrens syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the glands that produce tears and saliva. ...
Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous lining of any of the structures in the mouth, which may involve the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and roof or floor of the mouth. ...
Xerostomia is the medical term for a dry mouth due to a lack of saliva. ...
Geographic tongue (Migratory glossitis) is a medical condition that affects the tongue. ...
Fissured tongue is a benign condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in dorsum of tongue. ...
Glossitis is an abnormality of the tongue that results from inflammation. ...
Glossodynia or burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a condition characterized by a burning or tingling sensation on the lips, tongue, or entire mouth. ...
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