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Encyclopedia > Marathi language
Marathi
मराठी Marāṭhī 
Marathi written in Devanāgarī and Modi: Marathi written in Devanāgarī and Modi 
Pronunciation: /mə.'ɾa.ʈʰi/
Spoken in: India ,Mauritius and Israel[1][2]

Marathi speaking population is found in USA, UAE, South Africa, Singapore, Germany, UK, Australia & New Zealand[3]  () is an abugida script used to write, either along with other scripts, or exclusively, several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Sindhi, Bihari, Bhili, Marwari, Konkani, Bhojpuri, languages from Nepal like Nepali, Tharu Nepal Bhasa and sometimes Kashmiri and Romani. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... UAE redirects here; for other uses of that term, see UAE (disambiguation) The United Arab Emirates is an oil-rich country situated in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. ...

Region: Maharashtra, Goa, parts of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu
Total speakers: Total 90 million speakers[4]
70 million native , 20 million second language 
Ranking: 15[5] (native)
15[4] (combined)
Language family: Indo-European
 Indo-Iranian
  Indo-Aryan
   Southern Indo-Aryan
    Marathi 
Writing system: Devanagari script, Modi script (traditional) 
Official status
Official language in: States of Maharashtra and Goa , Union territories of Daman-Diu[6] and Dadra Nagar Haveli[7][8] Flag of India India
Regulated by: Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad & various other institutions
Language codes
ISO 639-1: mr
ISO 639-2: mar
ISO 639-3: mar 
Marathi is spoken in India, Mauritius and Israel. Marathi is also spoken by emigrant Maharashtrians worldwide, especially in the USA and Europe.
Indic script
 This page contains Indic text. Without rendering support you may see irregular vowel positioning and a lack of conjuncts. More...

Marathi (मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are 90 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi is the 4th most spoken language in India[9] and the 15th most spoken language in world[5]. Along with Bengali, Marathi is the oldest of the regional literatures in Indo-Aryan languages, dating from about AD 1000.[10] , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... This article is for the Indian state. ... , Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP)   (HindÄ«: मध्य प्रदेश, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... , Karnataka (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ, IPA:  ) is a state in the southern part of India. ... “Andhra” redirects here. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Gujarati: દાદરા અને નગર હવેલી, Hindi: दादरा और नगर हवेली, Urdu: دادرہ اور نگر حویلی, Portuguese: Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli) is a Union Territory in western India. ... Daman and Diu (Portuguese: Gujarati is the main language; use of Portuguese is declining because it is not official or taught at school (but still spoken by 10% in Daman). ... This is a list of languages, ordered by the number of native-language speakers, with some data for second-language use. ... A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common proto-language. ... For other uses, see Indo-European. ... The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. ... The Southern Indo-Aryan languages include some 13 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by many people in Asia; this language family is one of the Indo-Aryan languages. ... Writing systems of the world today. ... च् + छ = च्छ Devanagari in Unicode The Unicode range for Devanagari is U+0900 . ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... India is a federal republic comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... India is a federal republic comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. ... Daman and Diu (Portuguese: Gujarati is the main language; use of Portuguese is declining because it is not official or taught at school (but still spoken by 10% in Daman). ... Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Gujarati: દાદરા અને નગર હવેલી, Hindi: दादरा और नगर हवेली, Urdu: دادرہ اور نگر حویلی, Portuguese: Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli) is a Union Territory in western India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. ... ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. ... Image File history File links Marathispeak. ... Image File history File links Example. ... The Brahmic family is a family of abugidas (writing systems) used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. ... The Marathi people or Maharashtrians (Marathi: मराठी माणसं or महाराष्ट्रीय) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, that inhabit the Maharashtra region and state of western India. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Bengali or Bangla (IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit languages. ...


Marathi is estimated to be over 1300 years old,[11] and it is evolved from Sanskrit through Prakrit and Apabhramsha. Its grammar and syntax derive from Pali[citation needed] and Prakrit. In ancient times, Marathi was called Maharashtri, Marhatti, Mahratti etc. Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Maharashtri is a language of medieval India, descended from Sanskrit, and spoken in what is now Maharashtra and other parts of India. ... The term Apabhramsha refers to the dialects of North India before the rise of modern North Indian languages. ... For the rules of English grammar, see English grammar and Disputes in English grammar. ... For other uses, see Syntax (disambiguation). ... Pali (IAST: ) is a Middle Indo-Aryan dialect or prakrit. ... Prakrit (also spelt Pracrit) (Sanskrit: , original, natural, artless, normal, ordinary, usual, i. ... Maharashtri is a language of medieval India, descended from Sanskrit, and spoken in what is now Maharashtra and other parts of India. ...


Peculiar features of Marathi linguistic culture include Marathi drama, with its unique flavour of 'Sangeet Natak' (musical dramas), scholarly discourses called 'Vasant Vyakhyanmala' (Lectures in Spring), Marathi folk dance called 'Lavani', and special editions of magazines for Diwali called 'Diwali anka'. This article is about the festival. ...

Contents

Geographic distribution

Marathi is primarily spoken in Maharashtra and parts of neighboring states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, union-territories of Daman-diu and Dadra Nagar Haveli. The cities of Baroda, Surat, Ahmedabad and entire South Gujarat (Gujarat) Belgaum, Hubli, Dharwad, Gulbarga, Bidar (Karnataka) Indore,Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) and Tanjore (Tamil Nadu) each have sizable Marathi-speaking communities. Marathi is also spoken by Maharashtrian émigrés worldwide, in USA, UAE, South Africa, Singapore, Germany, UK, Australia & New Zealand.[3] The Ethnologue states that Marathi is even spoken in Israel and Mauritius.[2] , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... This article is for the Indian state. ... , Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP)   (HindÄ«: मध्य प्रदेश, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... , Karnataka (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ, IPA:  ) is a state in the southern part of India. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... “Andhra” redirects here. ... Daman and Diu (Portuguese: Gujarati is the main language; use of Portuguese is declining because it is not official or taught at school (but still spoken by 10% in Daman). ... Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Gujarati: દાદરા અને નગર હવેલી, Hindi: दादरा और नगर हवेली, Urdu: دادرہ اور نگر حویلی, Portuguese: Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli) is a Union Territory in western India. ... UAE redirects here; for other uses of that term, see UAE (disambiguation) The United Arab Emirates is an oil-rich country situated in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. ... Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in their native language. ...


Official status

Marathi is an official language of Indian state of Maharashtra, co-official language or used for official purposes in Goa, union territory of Daman and Diu[6] and Dadra Nagar haveli[7]. The Constitution of India recognizes Marathi as one of India's 22 official languages.[12] , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... Daman and Diu (Portuguese: Gujarati is the main language; use of Portuguese is declining because it is not official or taught at school (but still spoken by 10% in Daman). ... Dadra and Nagar Haveli is a Union Territory in western India. ... The Constitution of India lays down the framework on which Indian polity is run. ...


In addition to all universities in Maharashtra, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (Gujarat)[13], Osmania University (Andhra Pradesh) [14], Gulbarga university (Karnataka)[15], Devi Ahilya University of Indore[16] and Goa University (Panaji)[17] all have special departments for higher studies in Marathi linguistics. Vadodara, also known as Baroda, is the third-most populated town in Gujarat after Ahmedabad and Surat (the three towns with a population of over 1 million in Gujarat). ... Gulbarga is a town in the Indian state of Karnataka. ... , Indore (Hindi:इन्दौर ,Marathi:इंदूर)  , a large city in the Malwa region of Central India is the commercial capital of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. ... Panaji   (Marathi/Konkani: पणजी) or Panjim   is the capital of the Indian state of Goa. ...


History

Oldest known Marathi inscription (983 CE) at the base of Gomateshwar monolith in Shravanabelagola, Karnataka

Main article: Marathi literature. Image File history File links Shravanbelagola_marathi. ... Image File history File links Shravanbelagola_marathi. ... The statue of Gomatheswara dates from 978-993 AD. Shravanabelagola is a city located in the Hassan district, in the Indian state of Karnataka. ... Marathi literature (मराठी साहित्य) is one of the most flourishing, progressive and popular elements of Indian literature. ...


The four Prakrit languages were derived from Vedic Sanskrit. Further change in Prakrits lead to Apabhramsha languages. Marathi evolved from Sanskrit through Maharashtri Prakrit and Maharashtri Apabhramsha. Marathi may thus be described as being a re-Sanskritised and developed form of Maharashtri Apabhramsha. Prakrit (also spelt Pracrit) (Sanskrit: , original, natural, artless, normal, ordinary, usual, i. ... Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, which are the earliest sacred texts of India,. The Vedas were first passed down orally and therefore have no known date. ... The term Apabhramsha refers to the dialects of North India before the rise of modern North Indian languages. ... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Maharashtri is a language of medieval India, descended from Sanskrit, and spoken in what is now Maharashtra and other parts of India. ... The term Apabhramsha refers to the dialects of North India before the rise of modern North Indian languages. ...


Maharashtri Prakrit was in vogue until A.D 875 and official language of Satavahana empire. It had risen to a high literary level and works like Karpurmanjari and Saptashati (150 B.C) were written in it. Maharashtri Prakrit was most popular amongst Prakrit languages and widely spoken in western and southern India. It was spoken from Malwa and Rajputana in north to Krishna and Tungabhadrain south.[18] Today's Marathi and Kannada speaking parts were speaking Maharashtri from centuries.[19] The Sātavāhanas (Marathi:सातवाहन Telugu:సాతవాహనులు), also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled from Junnar, Pune over Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates suggest that it lasted... Maharashtri is a language of medieval India, descended from Sanskrit, and spoken in what is now Maharashtra and other parts of India. ... Malwa (Malvi:माळवा) is a region in western India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin in the western part of Madhya Pradesh state and the south-eastern part of Rajasthan. ... Rajputana (or Raj(prut)tana), which means Land of the Rajputs rajput love old rotten cheese wanna see whitch cheese we like go to this web page http://home. ... This article is about the Hindu deity. ... The Tungabhadra is a river of southern India. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ...


Maharashtri Apabhramsha (also known as Jain Apabhramsha) came into use about 200 years later and remained in vogue (by about A.D. 400) for more than a century. Apabhrmasha was used widely in Jain literature and formed an important link in evolution of Marathi. Marathi is believed to be a developed and re-Sanskritised form of this Apabhramsha. JAIN is an activity within the Java Community Process, developing APIs for the creation of telephony (voice and data) services. ...


According to the written forms and historical attestations and evidences, Marathi's birth is said to be in 8th century.[20][11][4]


Pre-13th century

Earliest forms
The first written attestation of Marathi, a document found in Karnataka, dates from A.D.700 [4] The earliest known written form is on the copper plate of Vijayaditya found in Satara, dated 739.
The stone inscription at the feet of Shravanabelagola Gomateshwar in South Karnataka, whose first line reads as "Chavundarajen Karaviyalen" (श्रीचावुण्डराजे करवियले, श्रीगंगराजे सुत्ताले करवियले, meaning Built by Chavundaraja, the son of Gangaraja), is another old specimen, constructed in A.D.983.
Also, an interesting couplet is found in the Jain monk Udyotan Suri's 'Kuvalayamala' in the 8th century, referring to a bazaar where the Marhattes speak Dinnale (Dile - given), Gahille (Ghetale - taken). The Marathi translation of Panchatantra is also considered very old.[21]
It is obvious that at 983 A.D, Marathi was one of the distinctly different current languages, widely used by the people of area from North Maharashtra till South Karnataka. The six inscriptions now available dating between A.D. 979—1270 and placed in distant parts like Mysore, Khandesh and Mumbai are an index of the large area over which Marathi was spoken.[22]
It is because the language was spoken so widely that the deeds of charitable gifts like the one at Patan recording the maintenance grants given by King Soidev to Changdev's University and the imperial mandates expected to be obeyed by all, like the Edict of King Aparaditya, of A.D. 1183, were inscribed in Marathi. The Pandharpur inscription (A.D. 1273) of the days of Raja Shiromani Ramdevrao is in flawless Marathi. Marathi was now spoken by all classes and castes.

, Karnataka (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ, IPA:  ) is a state in the southern part of India. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... For the moth genus, see Satara (moth). ... The statue of Gomatheswara dates from 978-993 AD. Shravanabelagola is a city located in the Hassan district, in the Indian state of Karnataka. ... The statue of Gomatheswara dates from 978-993 AD. Gomateshwara is a monolithic statue standing at 60 feet above a hill in a place called Shravanabelagola in the Hassan district of Karnataka state, India. ... , Karnataka (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ, IPA:  ) is a state in the southern part of India. ... Districts comprising the Khandesh region of Maharashtra. ... , Karnataka (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ, IPA:  ) is a state in the southern part of India. ... , For other uses, see Mysore (disambiguation). ... Districts comprising the Khandesh region of Maharashtra. ... , “Bombay” redirects here. ... Patan is : a city in Nepal (Patan, Nepal) a city and district in Gujarat (Patan, Gujarat) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Vithoba of Pandharpur Pandharpur is a town in district Solapur in state of Maharashtra in Western India. ...

12th century to 1905

Saint Jnaneshwara
Yadava (Devgiri)
Marathi literature began and grew thanks to the rise of the Yadava dynasty of Devgiri, who adopted Marathi as the court language and patronized Marathi learned men, and the rise of two religious sects - Mahanubhav Panth and Warkari Panth[23]. Marathi had attained a venerable place in court life by the time of the Yadava Kings. During the reign of the last three Yadava Kings, a great deal of literature in verse and prose,on astrology, medicine, puranas, vedanta, kings and courtiers were created. Nalopakhyan, Rukmini swayamvar and Shripati's Jyotishratnamala (1039 A.D) are few examples.
The oldest book in prose form in Marathi, Vivekasindhu (विवेकसिंधु)is written by Mukundaraj, a yogi of Natha Pantha and arch-poet of Marathi.[24] Mukundaraj bases his exposition of the basic tenets of the Hindu philosophy and Yoga Marga on the utterances or teachings of Shankaracharya.[25] Mukundaraj's another work Paramamrita considered the first systematic attempt to explain the Vendantic principles in Marathi language. One of the famous saints of this period is Sant Dnyaneshwar (1275-1296) who wrote Bhavarthadeepika, popularly known as Dnyaneshwari (A.D 1290) [26] and Amritanubhava. He also composed devotional songs called abhangas. Dnyaneshwar gave a higher status to Marathi by bringing the sacred Geeta from Sanskrit to Marathi. Mahanubhav panth and Warkari panth adopted Marathi as the medium for preaching their doctrines of devotion.
Mahanubhav sect
Notable examples of Marathi prose are "Līḷācarītra" (लीळाचरीत्र), events and anecdotes from miracle filled life of Chakradhar Swami of the Mahanubhav sect compiled by his close disciple,Mahimabhatta in A.D.1238. Mahanubhav sect made Marathi a vehicle for the propagation of religion and culture.[27]
Warkari sect
They were followed by the Warkari saint-poet Eknath ((1528-1599). Eknath's Bhavarth Ramayana brought the message of Bhagvat cult to the people with great power. Mukteswar translated the great epic Mahabharata into Marathi. Social reformers like saint-poet Tukaram transformed Marathi into a rich literary language. A real genius, Saint Tukaram’s(1608-49) poetry contained his wonderful inspirations. He was a radical reformer. Conciseness, clarity, vigor and earnestness were the peculiarities of his poetry[23]. A shudra by birth, Tukaram wrote 3000 Abhangas. Their appeal is timeless. He was followed by Ramadas. Writers of the Mahanubhav sect contributed to Marathi prose while the saint-poets of Warkari sect composed Marathi poetry. However, the latter group is regarded as the pioneers and founders of Marathi literature. Jainism too enriched Marathi during Bahamani period. Another notable aspect is the contribution of Christian missionaries in Goa. Father Stephens (1549-1619) who came to India, studied Marathi language so well that he could compose charming verses in it. His Krista Purana (क्रिस्तपुराण) is considered a classic on the model of Jnaneshwari.[24]
Maratha period
Since 1630, Marathi regained prominence with the rise of the loose-knit Maratha empire beginning with the reign of Chhatrapati Shivaji (1630 – 1680). Subsequent rulers extended the empire northwards to Delhi, eastwards to Orissa, and southwards to Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu. These excursions by the Marathas helped the spread of Marathi over broader geographical regions. This period also saw the use of Marathi in transactions involving land and other business. Documents from this period therefore, give a better picture of life of common people (who spoke the language) than the documents in Farsi which was used previously but understood only by the elites of the islamic rulers.. At the time, Samartha (The Able One) Ramdas (1608-1681) made important contributions to Marathi poetic literature. But by the late 18th century, the Maratha Empire's influence on a large part of the country was on the decline.
18th century
In the 18th century, some well-known works like Yatharthadeepika by Vaman Pandit, Naladamayanti Swayamvara by Raghunath Pandit, Pandava Pratap, Harivijay, Ramvijay by Shridhar Pandit and Mahabharata by Moropanta were produced. Krishnadayarnava and Sridhar were the leading poets during Peshwa period. New literary forms were successfully experimented with during the period and classical styles were revived, especially the Mahakavya and Prabandha forms.[24]
Modern period (after 1800)

This British colonial period saw standardization of Marathi grammar through efforts of Christian missionary, William Carey.The Christian missionaries played an important role in the production of scientific dictionaries and grammars. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Marathi literature (मराठी साहित्य) is one of the most flourishing, progressive and popular elements of Indian literature. ... The Seuna, Sevuna or Yadava dynasty (Marathi: देवगिरीचे यादव ,Kannada: ಸೇವುಣರು (850 - 1334) was an Indian dynasty, which during their peak ruled present day Maharashtra, north Karnataka and parts of Madhya Pradesh from their capital at Devagiri (present-day Daulatabad in Maharashtra). ... This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ... For other uses, see Yoga (disambiguation). ... Shankaracharya, (IAST: Åšankarāchārya) is a commonly used title of heads of maÅ£has (monasteries) in the Advaita tradition. ... Sant Dnyaneshwar (1275-1296) (ज्ञानेश्वर in Marathi) (also known as Jnanadeva - ज्ञानदेव or Jnaneshvar - ज्ञानेश्वर) was a 13th century rebel saint-poet born in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra state, west India. ... The Dnyaaneshwari (or Gyaneshwari) is the commentary on Bhagavad Gita written by Marathi saint poet Dnyaneshwar. ... Bhagavad Gīta भगवद्गीता, composed ca the fifth - second centuries BC, is part of the epic poem Mahabharata, located in the Bhisma-Parva chapters 23–40. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Sant Eknath (1533 - 1599) was one of the remarkable saints of Maharashtra, India. ... Sant Tukaram (तुकाराम) (c. ... Sant Tukaram (तुकाराम) (c. ... Jain and Jaina redirect here. ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... The Marāthās (Marathi: , also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a the expansive Maratha Empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries. ... Shivaji Bhosle, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle (Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजीराजे भोसले) (Born:February 19, 1627, Died: March 4, 1680) was the founder of Maratha empire in western India in 1674. ... Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... For other uses, see Delhi (disambiguation). ... , Orissa   (Oriya: ଓଡ଼ିଶା), is a state situated on the east coast of India. ... , Tanjore redirects here. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Farsi may refer to: The name of the the Persian language among native speakers Farsi Island, an Iranian island in the Persian Gulf The Jafari Shia Tajiks of Central Asia Salman al-Farsi, one of the prophet Muhammads companions Al-Farisi (1260-1320), Persian mathematician and physicist Jalaleddin Farsi... Early Life Samarth Ramdas (1608-1681) is considered one of the greatest Hindu saints of Indian history. ... The Maratha Empire at its peak in 1760 The Peshwa(Marathi:पेशवे or पेशवा) (also known in Marathi as Peshwe) were Brahmin Prime Ministers to the Maratha Chattrapatis (Kings), who began commanding Maratha armies and later became the hereditary rulers of the Maratha empire of central India from 1749 to 1818. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... William Carey (August 17, 1761 – June 9, 1834) was an English missionary and Baptist minister, known as the father of modern missions. ...

Late 19th century in Maharashtra was a period of colonial modernity. Like the corresponding periods in other Indian languages, this was the period dominated by English-educated intellectuals. It was the age of prose and reason. It was the period of reformist activism and a great intellectual ferment.
The first Marathi translation of an English book was published in 1817, and the first Marathi newspaper was started in 1835. Newspapers provided a platform for sharing literary views, and many books on social reforms were written. The Marathi language flourished as Marathi drama gained popularity. Musicals known as 'Sangit Natak' also evolved. Keshavasut, the father of modern Marathi poetry published his first poem in 1885. First Marathi periodical Dirghadarshan was started in 1840 while first Marathi newspaper Bombay Durpan was started by Balshastri Jambhekar in 1832.[24]

20th century to present

A few popular Marathi newspapers
A few popular Marathi newspapers

The first half of 20th century was marked by new enthusiasm in literary pursuits, and socio-political activism helped achieve major milestones in Marathi literature, drama, music and film. Modern Marathi prose flourished through various new literary forms like the essay, the biographies, the novels, prose, drama etc. Chiplunkar's Nibandhmala (essays), N.C.Kelkar's biographical writings, novels of Hari Narayan Apte, Phadke and V.S.Khandekar, and plays of Mama Varerkar and Kirloskar's are particularly worth noting. Similarly Khandekar's Yayati which has won for him, the Jnanpith Award is a very noteworthy novel. Vijay Tendulkar and C.T.Dhanolkar have written and produced a good number of plays which have earned a reputation beyond the border of Maharashtra during the last quarter of a century.[24] Image File history File links Marathinewspapers. ... Image File history File links Marathinewspapers. ... Marathi literature (मराठी साहित्य) is one of the most flourishing, progressive and popular elements of Indian literature. ... Jnanpith Award (pronounced Gyanpeeth Award) is the highest literary honour presented by the Government of India. ...


After the Indian independence, Marathi was accorded the status of a scheduled language on the national level. The Indian independence movement was a series of steps taken in the Indian subcontinent for independence from British colonial rule, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ...


By May 1, 1960, Maharashtra State emerged re-organised on linguistic lines adding Vidarbha and Marathwada region in its fold and bringing major chunks of Marathi population socio-politically together. With state and cultural protection, Marathi made great strides by the 1990s. is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


A literary event called Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan (All-India Marathi Literature Meet) is held every year. In addition, the Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Natya Sammelan (All-India Marathi Theatre Meet) is also held annually. Both events are very popular amongst Maharashtrians.


But, while literature is still being written, the importance of English has been underscored by Indian strides after 1990 in the global IT market, rapid techno-educational growth and widening economic opportunities. Therefore, the Government of Maharashtra decided that English should be taught as a second language from the first standard (first grade) in schools where the medium of teaching was Marathi. This decision has been controversial and has caused many Marathi people to worry about the fate of their language, a concern which is compounded by the Marathi middle class's increasing preference for English-medium schools. Increasing use of Hindi in urban Maharashtra has also saddened Marathi people and linguists. Recently Government of Maharashtra made Marathi language compulsory in CBSE/ICSE boards are controlled by Central government. Marathi is already a compulsory subject in Maharashtra state board.[28] The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the two central official languages of India, the other being English. ...


At the same time, the spread of spoken Marathi has increased beyond its regular boundaries due to the increase of its élite, well-educated global Maharashtrian diaspora. Several Marathi mandals have flourished (especially in United states, Europe and Gulf countries) for meetings and cultural events by them. Elite may refer to Elitism - the concept of social stratification by innate or social qualities Elite - computer software game Elite - a skilled hacker Leet - an online culture or attitude sometimes identified by frequent use of leetspeak Elite Systems, a UK video game developer. ... The Marathi people or Maharashtrians (Marathi: मराठी माणसं or महाराष्ट्रीयन)are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group that inhabit the Maharashtra region and state of western India. ...


Dialects

Marathi language edition of Wikipedia
Marathi language edition of Wikipedia

Standard Marathi is based on dialects used by academicians and the print media, and is influenced by educated élite of the Pune region. Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad (MSP) is apex guiding body for literary institutions of Marathi language. From time to time, MSP helps out in discourses over various aspects of Marathi and in laying down precedents by framing rules, whenever required. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 583 pixel Image in higher resolution (1008 × 734 pixel, file size: 115 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 583 pixel Image in higher resolution (1008 × 734 pixel, file size: 115 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... , Pune (IPA: , Marathi: पुणे) is a city located in the western Indian state of Maharashtra. ...


Indic scholars distinguish 42 dialects of spoken Marathi. Dialects bordering other major language areas have many properties in common with those languages, further differentiating them from standard spoken Marathi. The bulk of the variation within these dialects is primarily lexical and phonological (e.g. accent placement and pronunciation). Although the number of dialects is considerable, the degree of intelligibility within these dialects is relatively high.[4] Historically, the major dialect divisions have been Ahirani, Khandeshi, Varhadi, Konkani, Wadvali, Samavedi and Are Marathi.


Ahirani

Ahirani is spoken in the west Khandesh North Maharashtara region. Ahirani is a language today spoken in the Jalgaon, Nandurbar and Dhule districts of Maharashtra. ... Districts comprising the Khandesh region of Maharashtra. ...


Ahirani is a language today spoken in the Jalgaon, Nandurbar, Dhule and Nashik (Baglan, Malegaon and Kalwan tehsils) districts of Maharashtra, India. It is further divided into dialects, such as Chalisgaon, Malegaon and Dhule group. Amalner is considered the cultural capital of Khandesh as Amalner has witnessed Akhil Bhartiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan. Adapting & bending the words from Hindi and Gujarati, Ahirani has created its own words which are never found in these languages. Ahirani is a colloquial form and uses the Devnagari script for its writing. Though it is the written form of devnagari but it is very difficult to write rather than to speak. Ahirani is a language today spoken in the Jalgaon, Nandurbar and Dhule districts of Maharashtra. ... , Jalgaon (जळगाव) is a city in western India, to the north of the Maharashtra state in Jalgaon District, which itself is located on the northern Deccan Plateau. ... Nandurbar is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... , Dhule (Marathi : धुळे) is a city and a municipal council in Dhule district in northwestern part of Maharashtra state, India. ... , Nashik (Marathi: ) ( ) or Nasik (Marathi: ) is a city in Indias Maharashtra state. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a language characteristic of a particular group of the languages speakers. ... Amalner is a small town nee city in the Jalgaon district of Maharashtra, a western state of India. ... Districts comprising the Khandesh region of Maharashtra. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the two central official languages of India, the other being English. ... Gujarati (ગુજરાતી GujÇŽrātÄ«; also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, and Guujaratee[3]) is an Indo-Aryan language descending from Sanskrit, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... च् + छ = च्छ Devanagari in Unicode The Unicode range for Devanagari is U+0900 . ...


Khandeshi

Khandeshi is spoken in East Khandesh specifically in Yawal and Raver Talukas. Khandeshi is also called as Tawadi which is specifically spoken by Leva Patils dominant cast of east Khandesh. Bahinabai Chaudhari is well known poet in Khandeshi, the study of her literature is studied and included in Marathi language. It is often misquoted that Bahinabai is an ahirani poet. Location of Jalgaon district Jalgaon District (जळगाव) is a district of Maharashtra. ... Life & Poetry This world famous Marathi poetess born in Asoda, Nashik District in 1880, was in traditional sense “illiterate”. However her genius is original. ... Ahirani is a language today spoken in the Jalgaon, Nandurbar and Dhule districts of Maharashtra. ...


Varhadi

Varhādi or Vaidarbhi is spoken in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. Map of the districts comprising the Vidarbha region. ...


In Marathi, the retroflex lateral approximant ḷ (IPA: [ɭ]) is common, while in the Varhadii dialect, it corresponds to the palatal approximant y (IPA: [j]), making this dialect quite distinct. Such phonetic shifts are common in spoken Marathi, and as such, the spoken dialects vary from one region of Maharashtra to another. The retroflex lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ... Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). ... Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. ... Phonetic (pho-NET-ic) is a nationwide voicemail-to-text messaging service available for most digital mobile phones in which a subscriber is provided a custom voice mailbox for the purpose of receiving all incoming voice messages as actual transcribed text for reading via short messaging (also known as SMS...


Konkani

The constitution of India considers Konkani as one of the 22 scheduled (official) languages. In Maharashtra and institutions like Gomantak Marathi Academy, consider Konkani as a dialect of Marathi.[29] Konkani in Maharashtra-Goa is sub-divided into several sub-dialects. Warli, Kankon Konkani, Mālvani (spoken in southern Konkan near Malvan), Dangi are some of them. Marathis and Konkanis in Goa have had bitter fights over the official language issue.[30] Most Konkani people in Maharashtra speak and write fluent Marathi. [31] Konkani is a term used to refer both to a language and to an Indian ethnic group. ... Konkani is a term used to refer both to a language and to an Indian ethnic group. ... Malvani also known as Malwani is a major and significant dialect of the Konkani language, although it maybe more precise to define it as a Creole, a bridge dialect between the Konkani substrate and the Marathi into which it is being assimilated. ... It has been suggested that History of the Konkan be merged into this article or section. ... , Malvan (Marathi: मालवण) (also written as Malwan) is a town located in Sindhudurg District - southernmost district of Maharashtra. ... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ...


Wadvali

This dialect may not necessarily be named thus. It was primarily spoken by Wadvals, which essentially means agricultural plot owners, of the Naigaon, Vasai region. This language is preserved mostly by the Roman Catholics native to this region, since they are a closely knit community here with very few relatives outside this region. it is also spoken by the Hindus, but due to external influence, ordinary Marathi is now more popular among the Hindus. Naigaon is the name of a railway station on the Mumbai suburban railway on the Western Railway railway line. ... Vasai Road is the name of a railway station on the Mumbai suburban railway on the Western Railway railway line. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...


Samavedi

Samvedi is spoken in the interiors of Nala Sopara and Virar region to the north of Mumbai in the Vasai Taluka, Thane District of Maharashtra. The name of this language correctly suggests that its origins lie with the Samavedi Brahmins native to this region. Again this language too finds more speakers among the Roman Catholic converts native to this region (who are known as East Indians). This dialect is very different from the other Marathi dialects spoken in other regions of Maharashtra, but resembles Wadvali very closely. Both Wadvali and Samavedi have relatively higher proportion of words imported from Portuguese as compared to ordinary Marathi, because of direct influence of the Portuguese who colonized this region till 1739. Nala Sopara is a town within the Mumbai Conurbation with a population of 184,664 (2001 census). ... Virar is the name of a railway station on the Mumbai suburban railway on the Western Railway (India) railway line. ... , “Bombay” redirects here. ... Vasai Road is the name of a railway station on the Mumbai suburban railway on the Western Railway railway line. ... A taluka is an administrative division in India below a district; called tahsil/tehsil in northern India. ... Thane is a district in northern Maharashtra in India. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... The term Brahmin denotes both a member of the priestly class in the Hindu varna system, and a member of the highest caste in the caste system of Hindu society. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...


Are Marathi

Are Marathi written in devnagari script as (अरे मराठी) is another dialect spoken mostly in Andhra Pradesh.[citation needed] “Andhra” redirects here. ...


Thanjavur Marathi and Namdev Marathi

Thanjavur Marathi, Namdev Marathi and Bhavsar Marathi are spoken by many Southern Indians. This dialect evolved from the time of occupation of the Marathas in Thanjavur in southern Tamil Nadu. It has speakers in parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The Thanjavur Marathis are a community of Indo-Aryan Maharashtrians who migrated south, along with Shivajis half brother Venkoji, to the great land of Thanjavur in India back in the 1600s. ... South India is a geographic and linguistic-cultural region of India. ... , Tanjore redirects here. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... “Andhra” redirects here. ... , Karnataka (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ, IPA:  ) is a state in the southern part of India. ...


Others

Other dialects of Marathi include Karwari(a sub-dialect of Konkani spoken in Karwar, Mangalore and nearby areas of South Kanara), Chitpavani(original dialect spoken by Konkanastha Brahmins but most speak standard Marathi), Kudaalee(dialect spokan in Kudal Taluka of Ratnagiri District), Kunabi of Mahad, Cochin Konkani(spoken in west coast of Kerala), Konkani of Kasargod, Warli of Thane District, Gawdi of Goa(spoken by Gawdi tribes in Goa), Dakshini (Marathwada), Deshi (Eastern Konkan Ghats), Goanese, Deccan, Nagpuri, Ikrani and Gowlan.[3] , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... This article is for the Indian state. ... Judeo-Marathi is a Jewish language spoken by the Bene Israel, a Jewish ethnic group of India. ... The Bene Israel (Hebrew: Sons of Israel) are a group of Jews who migrated in the nineteenth century from west Maharashtra to the nearby Indian cities, primarily Mumbai, but also to Pune, Ahmadabad, and Karachi (Karachi later became a part of Pakistan). ... Vasai Road is the name of a railway station on the Mumbai suburban railway on the Western Railway railway line. ...


Other languages having considerable Marathi influence

  • Kannada: especially the northern Karnataka Kannada has been heavily influenced by Marathi. E.g. the feature of aspiration, quite non-native to any Dravidian language, is found in northern Kannada. Also some kinship terms like vahini (brother's wife) are adapted from Marathi.

Dakkhini, also known as Deccani is a dialect of the Urdu language spoken in the Deccan region of southern India, centered on the city of Hyderabad, in the state of Andhra Pradesh. ... Hyderabadi Urdu is a dialect of Urdu spoken in Hyderabad, India. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... “Telugu” redirects here. ...

Sounds

Main article: Marathi phonology

The phoneme inventory of Marathi is similar to that of many other Indo-Āryan languages. An IPA chart of all contrastive sounds in Marathi is provided below. The phoneme inventory of Marathi is similar to that of many other Indo-Ä€ryan languages. ... In human language, a phoneme is the theoretical representation of a sound. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ...

Consonants
  Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Alveopalatal Velar Glottal
Voiceless
stops		 p
pʰ		 t̪
t̪ʰ		   ʈ
ʈʰ		 cɕ
cɕʰ		 k
kʰ		  
Voiced
stops		 b
bʰ		 d̪
d̪ʰ		   ɖ
ɖʰ		 ɟʝ
ɟʝʰ		 ɡ
ɡʰ		  
Voiceless
fricatives		     s   ɕ   h
Nasals m
mʰ		 n̪
n̪ʰ		   ɳ
ɳʰ		 ɲ ŋ  
Liquids ʋ
ʋʰ		   l ɾ
lʰ ɾʰ		 ɭ ɽ j    
Vowels
  Front Central Back
High i   u
Mid e ə o
Low   a  

Vowels

Like other alphasyllabaries, Devanagari writes out syllables by adding vowel diacritics to consonant bases. The table below includes all the vowel symbols used in Marathi, along with a transliteration of each sound into the Roman alphabet and IPA. Example of a letter with a diacritic A diacritical mark or diacritic, also called an accent, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation or to distinguish between similar words. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ...

Devanagari अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः ऋ
Transliterated a ā i ī u ū e ai o au aṃ aḥ ṛ
IPA /ə/ /a/ /i/ /u/ /e/ /əi/ /o/ /əu/ /əⁿ/ /əh/ /ru/
Pronunciation
a
ā
i
ī
u
ū
e
ai
o
au
aṃ
aḥ
ṛ

There are two more vowels in Marathi to denote the pronunciations of English words such as of 'a' in act and 'a' in all. These are written as 'अँ' and 'आँ'. The IPA signs for these are /æ/ and /ɔ/, respectively. Image File history File links MRv01-a. ... Image File history File links MRv02-aa. ... Image File history File links MRv03-i. ... Image File history File links MRv04-ee. ... Image File history File links MRv05-u. ... Image File history File links MRv06-oo. ... Image File history File links MRv07-a. ... Image File history File links MRv08-aii. ... Image File history File links MRv09-o. ... Image File history File links MRv10-ouu. ... Image File history File links MRv11-um. ... Image File history File links MRv12-aha. ... Image File history File links MRv13-ru. ...


Writing

Modi script was used to write Marathi
Modi script was used to write Marathi

See Devanagari script & Modi script Image File history File links Verse_in_marathi_modi_script. ... Image File history File links Verse_in_marathi_modi_script. ... च् + छ = च्छ Devanagari in Unicode The Unicode range for Devanagari is U+0900 . ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...


Marathi first appeared in writing during the 11th century in the form of inscriptions on stones and copper plates. From the 13th century until the mid 20th century, it was written with the Modi alphabet. Since 1950 it has been written with the Devanāgarī alphabet.[32]


Devnagari script

Marathi is written in the Devanagari script, an alphasyllabary or abugida consisting of 16 vowel letters and 36 consonant letters making a total of 52 letters. It is written from left to right. Devnagari used to write Marathi is slightly different than that of Hindi or other languages. Marathi Devnagari script is called as Balbodh (बाळबोध) script. च् + छ = च्छ Devanagari in Unicode The Unicode range for Devanagari is U+0900 . ... An alphasyllabary or abugida (a term coined by Peter T. Daniels) is a writing system whose basic signs denote consonants with an inherent vowel and where consistent modifications of the basic sign indicate other following vowels than the inherent one (or, in some cases, the lack of a vowel, for... Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. ...


Modi script

Marathi was written in Modi script-- a cursive script designed for minimising the lifting of pen from paper while writing[33]. Most writings of Maratha empire are in Modi script. However, Persian-based scripts were also used for court documentation. With the advent of large-scale printing, Modi script fell into disuse, as it proved very difficult for type-setting. Currently due to availability of Modi fonts and the enthusiasm of the young generation the script is far from being vanished. (See Reference Links). Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Old Persian: Old Persian cineiform script, Middle Persian (or Pahlavi): Pahlavi, Manichean script—by Persian-speaking Manichees, Modern Persian: Persian variant of the Arabic alphabet. ...


Consonants

The table below includes all the consonant bases onto which vowel diacritics are placed. The lack of a vowel diacritic can either indicate the lack of a vowel, or the existence of the default, or "inherent", vowel, which in the case of Marathi is the schwa. The IPA symbol for the Schwa In linguistics, specifically phonetics and phonology, schwa can mean: An unstressed and toneless neutral vowel sound in any language, often but not necessarily a mid-central vowel. ...

क ख ग घ ङ
ka
/kə/
ka
kha
/kʰə/
kha
ga
/ɡə/
ga
gha
/ɡʰə/
gha
ṅa
/ŋə/
nga
च छ ज झ ञ
ca
/cɕə/ or /ʦə/
cha
cha
/cɕʰə/ or /ʦʰə/
chha
ja
/ɟʝə/ or /zə/
ja
jha
/ɟʝʰə/ or /zʰə/
jha
ña
/ɲə/
nya
ट ठ ड ढ ण
ṭa
/ʈə/
Ta
ṭha
/ʈʰə/
Tha
ḍa
/ɖə/
Da
ḍha
/ɖʰə/
Dha
ṇa
/ɳə/
Na
त थ द ध न
ta
/t̪ə/
ta
tha
/t̪ʰə/
tha
da
/d̪ə/
da
dha
/d̪ʰə/
dha
na
/n̪ə/
na
प फ ब भ म
pa
/pə/
cha
pha
/pʰə/ or /fə/
cha
ba
/bə/
ba
bha
/bʰə/
bha
ma
/mə/
ma
य र ऱ ल व
ya
/jə/
ya
ra
/rə/
ra
ṟa
/?/
rra
la
/lə/
la
va
/və/ or /wə/
wa
श ष स ह
śa
/ʃə/
sha
ṣa
/ʃə/
sha
sa
/sə/
sa
ha
/hə/
ha
ळ क्ष ज्ञ
ḷa
/ɭə/
La
kṣa
/kʃə/
ksha
jña
/ɟʝɲə/
dnya

A defining feature of the Marathi language is the frequent substitution of the consonant ल (la) in Sanskrit words with the retroflex lateral approximant ळ (ḷa). For instance, कुळ (kuḷa) for the Sanskrit कुलम् (kulam or clan) and कमळ (kamaḷ) for Sanskrit कमलम् (kamalam or lotus). Such Marathi words become tongue-twisters for native speakers of North Indian languages such as Hindi and Bengali in which ळ is absent. Moreover, the unique pronunciations of the consonants च and झ in Marathi make it a difficult language to learn even for speakers of other Sanskrit-based languages like Gujarati and Hindi. Image File history File links MR01-ka. ... Image File history File links MR02-kha. ... Image File history File links MR03-ga. ... Image File history File links MR04-gha. ... Image File history File links MR05-nga. ... Image File history File links MR06-cha. ... Image File history File links MR07-chha. ... Image File history File links MR08-ja. ... Image File history File links MR09-jha. ... Image File history File links MR10-nya. ... Image File history File links MR11-Ta. ... Image File history File links MR12-Tha. ... Image File history File links MR13-Da. ... Image File history File links MR14-Dha. ... Image File history File links MR15-Na. ... Image File history File links MR16-ta. ... Image File history File links MR17-tha. ... Image File history File links MR18-da. ... Image File history File links MR19-dha. ... Image File history File links MR20-na. ... Image File history File links MR21-pa. ... Image File history File links MR22-pha. ... Image File history File links MR23-ba. ... Image File history File links MR24-bha. ... Image File history File links MR25-ma. ... Image File history File links MR26-ya. ... Image File history File links MR27-ra. ... Image File history File links MRS-rra. ... Image File history File links MR28-la. ... Image File history File links MR29-wa. ... Image File history File links MR30-sha. ... Image File history File links MR30-sha. ... Image File history File links MR32-sa. ... Image File history File links MR33-ha. ... Image File history File links MR34-La. ... Image File history File links MR35-ksha. ... Image File history File links MR36-dnya. ... The retroflex lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. ...


The combination of the vowels with the k-series

Script Pronunciation (IPA)
क /kə/
का /ka/
कि /ki/
की
कु /ku/
कू
क /ke/
कै /kəi̯/
को /ko/
कौ /kəu̯/
कं /kəm/
कः /kəh/

Consonant clusters

In Marathi, the consonants by default come with a schwa. Therefore, तयाचे will be 'təyāce', not 'tyāce'. To form 'tyāce', you will have to add त् + याचे, giving त्याचे. The IPA symbol for the Schwa In linguistics, specifically phonetics and phonology, schwa can mean: An unstressed and toneless neutral vowel sound in any language, often but not necessarily a mid-central vowel. ...


When two or more consecutive consonants are followed by a vowel then a jodakshar (consonant cluster) is formed. Some examples of consonant clusters are shown below:

  • त्याचे - tyāce - "his"
  • प्रस्ताव - prastāv
  • विद्या - vidyā - "knowledge"
  • म्यान - myān
  • त्वरा - tvarā
  • महत्त्व - mahattva - "importance"
  • फक्त - phakt - "only"
  • बाहुल्या - bāhulyā

Marathi has a few consonant clusters that are rarely seen in the world's languages, including the so-called "nasal aspirates" (ṇh, nh, and mh) and liquid aspirates (rh, ṟh, lh, and vh). Some examples are given below.

  • कण्हेरी - kaṇherī - "a shrub known for flowers"
  • न्हाणे - nhāṇ - "bath"
  • म्हणून - mhaṇūn - "because"
  • तऱ्हा - taṟhā - "different way of behaving"
  • कोल्हा - kolhā - "fox"
  • केंव्हा - keṃvhā "when"

Grammar

Main article: Marathi grammar
Rajya Marathi Vikas Sanstha was established by Government of Maharashtra
Rajya Marathi Vikas Sanstha was established by Government of Maharashtra

Marathi grammar shares similarities with other modern Indo-Aryan languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, Punjabi, etc. The first modern book exclusively on Marathi Grammar was printed in 1805 by 'William Kerry'.[34] Sanskrit Grammar used to be referred more till late stages of Marathi Language.[citation needed] Rajya Marathi Vikas Sanstha was established by Government of Maharashtra Marathi grammar shares similarities with other modern Indo-Aryan languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, Punjabi, etc. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the two central official languages of India, the other being English. ... Gujarati (ગુજરાતી GujÇŽrātÄ«; also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, and Guujaratee[3]) is an Indo-Aryan language descending from Sanskrit, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... Punjabi (also Panjabi; in GurmukhÄ«, PanjābÄ« in ShāhmukhÄ«) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ...


The contemporary grammatical rules described by Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad and endorsed by the Government of Maharashtra are supposed to take precedence in standard written Marathi. Traditions of Marathi Linguistics and above mentioned rules give special status to 'Tatsam' (Without Change) words adapted from the Sanskrit language. This special status expects the rules for 'Tatsam' words be followed as of Sanskrit grammar. While this supports Marathi Language with a larger treasure of Sanskrit words to cope up with demands of new technical words whenever needed; maintains influence over Marathi. Maharashtra, a state in India has had a separate state government since it came into existence as a separate state in 1960. ...


An unusual feature of Marathi, as compared to other Indo-European languages, is that it displays the inclusive and exclusive we feature, that is common to the Dravidian languages, Rajasthani, and Gujarati. For other uses, see Indo-European. ... Inclusive we is a pronoun or verb conjugation that indicates the inclusion of the speaker, the addressee, and perhaps other people, as opposed to exclusive we, which specifically excludes the addressee. ... For other uses, see Dravidian (disambiguation). ... Rajasthani (राजस्थानी) is a language of the Indo-Aryan languages family. ... Gujarati (ગુજરાતી Gujǎrātī; also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, and Guujaratee[3]) is an Indo-Aryan language descending from Sanskrit, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. ...


Unlike its related languages, Marathi preserves all three grammatical genders (Linga) from Sanskrit, masculine, feminine and neuter. Marathi contains three grammatical voices (prayog) i.e Kartari, Karmani and Bhave. Detailed analysis of grammatical aspects of Marathi language are covered in Marathi grammar. In linguistics, grammatical gender is a morphological category associated with the expression of gender through inflection or agreement. ... Rajya Marathi Vikas Sanstha was established by Government of Maharashtra Marathi grammar shares similarities with other modern Indo-Aryan languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, Punjabi, etc. ...


Marathi organisations

Many government and semi-government organisations exist which work for regulation, promotion and enrichment of Marathi language. These are either initiated or funded by Government of Maharashtra. Few prominent Marathi organisations are given below:

  • Rajya Marathi Vikas Sanstha
  • Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad, Pune
  • Marathi Vishwakosh (encyclopedia) project
  • Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Mahamandal
  • Vidarbha Sahitya Sangh
  • Marathwada Sahitya Parishad
  • Mumbai Marathi Sahitya Sangh
  • Gomantak Marathi academy

Vocabulary

Sharing of linguistic resourses with other languages

A signboard in Marathi
A signboard in Marathi

Over a period of many centuries Marathi language and people came in touch with many other languages and dialects. The primary influence of Prakrit, Maharashtri, Apbhramsha and Sanskrit is understandable. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Prakrit (also spelt Pracrit) (Sanskrit: , original, natural, artless, normal, ordinary, usual, i. ... Maharashtri is a language of medieval India, descended from Sanskrit, and spoken in what is now Maharashtra and other parts of India. ... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ...


Some Sanskrit words that are common in day-to-day spoken Marathi include nantar ( from nantaram or after), purṇa (purṇam or complete, full, or full measure of something), anna (annam or food), karaṇ (karaṇam or cause) kadāchit (kadāchit or perhaps) satat (satatam or always), abhyās (abhyāsam or study), vichitra (vichitram or strange), svatah (svatah or himself/herself), and vishesh (vishesham or special).


While Marathi has shared both directions, vocabulary and grammar with languages like Indian Dravidian languages, and a few foreign languages like Persian, Arabic, English and a little from Portuguese. For other uses, see Dravidian (disambiguation). ... “Farsi” redirects here. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...


While recent genome studies suggest some amount of political and trade relations between the Indian subcontinent and East Africa, Middle East, Central Asia over a millennium, these studies are still not conclusive about exact effect on linguistcs.


Influence of foreign languages

  • Usage of punctuation marks was one of the major contributions to Indic script by foreign languages. Previously, due to Sanskritised poetry, texts punctuation requirements of many texts may have been less. [citation needed]

Word formation and origin

Marathi has taken and given words from/to Sanskrit, Kannada, Hindi, Urdu, Arabic, Persian, and Portuguese. Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Kannada - aptly described as sirigannada (known to few as Kanarese) is one of the oldest Dravidian languages and is spoken in its various dialects by roughly 45 million people. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the two central official languages of India, the other being English. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... “Farsi” redirects here. ...

  • Adakitta "nutcracker" directly borrowed from Kannada
  • Khurchii "chair" is derived from Arabic kursi
  • Jaahiraat "advertisement" is derived from Persian zaahiraat See Note 1
  • Shiphaaras "recommendation" is derived from Persian sifarish
  • Marjii "wish" is derived from Persian "marzi"
  • Batataa "potato", is derived from Portuguese
  • Ananas "pineapple", is derived from Portuguese See Note 2
  • Niga "looking after" is derived from Persian nîgâh "sight-vision"
  • Hajeri Attendance from Hajiri Urdu

A lot of English words are commonly used in conversation, and are considered to be totally assimilated into the Marathi vocabulary. These include "pen" (native Marathi lekhaṇii), "shirt" (sadaraa).


Many Marathi words are very close to English. It is interesting to have a look at its similarity.

  • Navy compared to Nau
  • Dew compared to Dav
  • Tree compared to Taru

Forming complex words

Marathi uses many morphological processes to join words together, forming complex words. These processes are traditionally referred to as sandhi (from Sanskrit, "combination"). For example, ati + uttam gives the word atyuttam. For other uses, see Morphology. ... Sandhi is a cover term for a wide variety of phonological processes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries. ...


Another method of combining words is referred to as samaas (from Sanskrit, "margin"). There are no reliable rules to follow to make a samaas. When the second word starts with a consonant, a sandhi can not be formed, but a samaas can be formed. For example, miith-bhaakar ("salt-bread"), udyog-patii ("businessman"), ashṭa-bhujaa ("eight-hands", name of a Hindu goddess), and so on. There are different names given to each type of samaas.


Counting

Like many other languages, Marathi uses distinct names for the numbers 1 to 20 and each multiple of 10, and composite ones for those greater than 20.


As with other Indic languages, there are distinct names for the fractions ¼, ½, and ¾. They are paava, ardhaa, and pauṇa respectively. For most fractions greater than 1, the prefixes savvaa-, saaḍe-, paavaṇe- are used. There are special names for 1.5 (diiḍ) and 2.5 (aḍich).


The powers of ten are as follows:

  • 100: shambhar (also constructed with number prefix and "-she" suffix)
  • 1,000: hazaar (or sahasra, a word close to the Sanskrit version)
  • 100,000: laakh (or laksha)
  • 10,000,000: koti
  • 1,000,000,000: abja
  • 10,000,000,000: kharva
  • 100,000,000,000: nikharva
  • 100,000,000,000,000,000: parardha

A positive integer is read by breaking it up from the tens digit leftwards, into parts each containing two digits, the only exception being the hundreds place containing only one digit instead of two. For example, 1,234,567 is read as 12 laakh 34 hazaar 5 she 67.


Example short phrases

Words/phrases Transliteration Meaning
नमस्कार Namaskār. Hi/Hello.
तुम्ही कसे आहात? Tumhī kase āhāt? How do you do?
तू कसा आहेस? Tū kasā āhes? How are you? (to a male)
तू कशी आहेस? Tū kaśī āhes? How are you? (to a female)
आपण कसे आहात? Āpaṇ kase āhāt? How are you? (formal)
तुम्हाला भेटून आनंद झाला Tumhālā bheṭūn ānaṃd jhālā. Pleased to meet you.
पुन्हा भेटू Punhā bheṭū. Goodbye. (Lit.: "We will meet again.")
धन्यवाद Dhanyavād. Thank you.
हो Ho. Yes.
नाही Nāhī. No.
नको Nako. No, thank you.
किती? Kitī? How much?/How many?
कुठे? Kuṭhe? Where?
कसे? Kase? How?
केव्हा? Kevhā? When?
कोण? Koṇ? Who?
काय? Kāy? What?
शुभ रात्री Śubh rātrī. Good night.

Marathi on computers and internet

Marathi was weak on computers and internet like other Indian languages. But of late, with the introduction of language localisation projects and new technologies, various software and internet applications have been introduced. Shrilipi, Shivaji, Kiran fonts were used prior to introduction of Unicode standard for Devanagari script. Various Marathi typing software (Baraha is widely used) and display interface packages are now available on both Windows and Linux. Many Marathi websites including prominent Marathi newspapers have became popular epecially with Maharashtrians outside India. Online projects like Marathi wikipedia, Marathi blogroll and Marathi blogs have gained immense popularity.[35][36] See more notable websites in external links section. 1. ... This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ...


See also

 v • d • e Topics related to the Marathi language
Grammar • Phonology • Devanagari script • Modi script • Literature • Poetry • Samyukta Maharashtra Movement • Maharashtra State • Marathi Wikipedia
Maharashtra Portal

Rajya Marathi Vikas Sanstha was established by Government of Maharashtra Marathi grammar shares similarities with other modern Indo-Aryan languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, Punjabi, etc. ... The phoneme inventory of Marathi is similar to that of many other Indo-Ä€ryan languages. ... Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari (early 19th century) DevanāgarÄ« (देवनागरी — in English pronounced ) (ISCII – IS13194:1991) [1] is an abugida alphabet used to write several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Bihari, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri and Nepali from Nepal. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Marathi literature (मराठी साहित्य) is one of the most flourishing, progressive and popular elements of Indian literature. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti (Marathi:संयुक्त महाराष्ट्र समिति) was an organisation that spearheaded the demand, in the 1950s, for the creation of a separate Marathi-speaking state out of the (then bilingual) State of Bombay in western India. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari (early 19th century) DevanāgarÄ« (देवनागरी — in English pronounced ) (ISCII – IS13194:1991) [1] is an abugida alphabet used to write several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Bihari, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri and Nepali from Nepal. ... Map of South Asia in native languages. ... Indian languages spoken by more than ten million people are given below. ... Image File history File links Portal. ... Indian constitution recognizes 22 languages as National languages 1. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Marathi literature (मराठी साहित्य) is one of the most flourishing, progressive and popular elements of Indian literature. ... The Marathi people or Maharashtrians (Marathi: मराठी माणसं or महाराष्ट्रीय) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, that inhabit the Maharashtra region and state of western India. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

References

  1. ^ Indian Jews celebrate Maharashtra Day in Israel
  2. ^ a b Ethnologue report of Marathi language
  3. ^ a b c Indian Languages Portal-Marathi
  4. ^ a b c d e UCLA language materials project- Marathi
  5. ^ a b Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People
  6. ^ a b The Goa, Daman and Diu Official Language Act, 1987 makes Konkani the sole official language, but provides that Marathi may also be used for "for all or any of the official purposes". The Government also has a policy of replying in Marathi to correspondence received in Marathi. Commissioner Linguistic Minorities, 42nd report: July 2003 - June 2004, pp. para 11.3
  7. ^ a b Marathi is a official language of Dadra and Nagar HaveliAdministration's profile. Also see Joy travel guide
  8. ^ Top 30 languages of the world
  9. ^ Languages in Descending Order of Strength in India : 1991 Census
  10. ^ arts, South Asian." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica 2007 Ultimate Reference Suite.
  11. ^ a b BhashaIndia.com-Marathi
  12. ^ Official Languages Resolution, 1968, para.2
  13. ^ Dept. of Marathi, M.S. University of Baroda
  14. ^ Dept. of Marathi, Osmania University, Hyderabad
  15. ^ Dept. of Marathi, Gulbarga University
  16. ^ LIST OF STATUTES (Devi Ahilya University of Indore
  17. ^ Dept.of Marathi, Goa University
  18. ^ 1994, Kolarkar
  19. ^ History of medieval Hindu India (Being a history of Indian from 600 to 1200 AD) Vol I pg.317 by C.V.Vaidya
  20. ^ Khodade, 2004
  21. ^ Marathyancha Itihaas by Dr.Kolarkar (pg.3)
  22. ^ 1966, Deshpande
  23. ^ a b Indiasite.com-Marathi
  24. ^ a b c d e India4world.com-Marathi language
  25. ^ 1966, Deshpande
  26. ^ Dnyaneshwari
  27. ^ Nagpuronline.com History
  28. ^ Marathi to be compulsory in CBSE, ICSE curricula schools
  29. ^ Goa Marathi Academy
  30. ^ Marathi vs Konkani debate continues in Goa
  31. ^ "Aapalaa Maharashtra: Parampara va Pragati" (Our Maharashtra: Traditions and Progress) (1985) - A Government of Maharashtra publication.
  32. ^ Marathi language, alphabet and pronunciation- Omniglot.com
  33. ^ Modi lipi
  34. ^ Maharashtra times article
  35. ^ Inside the Indian Blogosphere
  36. ^ Language no bar
  • Marathi: The Language and its Linguistic Traditions - Prabhakar Machwe, Indian and Foreign Review, 15 March 1985.
  • 'Atyavashyak Marathi Vyakaran' (Essential Marathi Grammar) - Dr. V. L. Vardhe
  • 'Marathi Vyakaran' (Marathi Grammar) - Moreshvar Sakharam More.
  • 'Marathi Vishwakosh, Khand 12 (Marathi World Encyclopedia, Volume 12), Maharashtra Rajya Vishwakosh Nirmiti Mandal, Mumbai
  • 'Marathyancha Itihaas' by Dr.Kolarkar, Shrimangesh Publishers, Nagpur
  • 'History of Medieval Hindu India from 600AD to 1200 AD, by C. V. Vaidya
  • Marathi Sahitya (Review of the Marathi Literature up to I960) by Kusumavati Deshpande, Maharashtra Information Centre, New Delhi

External links

Wikipedia
Marathi language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Find more information on Marathi by searching Wikipedia's sister projects
Dictionary definitions from Wiktionary
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Quotations from Wikiquote
Source texts from Wikisource
Images and media from Commons
News stories from Wikinews
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Wikibooks
Wikibooks' [[wikibooks:|]] has more about this subject:
Marathi

Marathi and Internet Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1058x1058, 477 KB) aa Wikipedia logo, version 1058px square, no text Wikipedia logo by Nohat (concept by Paullusmagnus); compare Wikipedia File links The following pages link to this file: Arabic language Talk:Anarcho-capitalism Talk:Algorithm Talk:Anno Domini Talk:The... Wikipedia (IPA: , or ( ) is a multilingual, web-based, free content encyclopedia project, operated by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links WikiNews-Logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiversity-logo-Snorky. ... Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo-en. ...

  • Quillpad-Write Marathi without any software

Marathi Dictionary

  • Shabdabandha an online Marathi-Marathi dictionary
  • Marathi-English (J.T.Molesworth)
  • Marathi-English (Aryabhusan)

Marathi newspapers

  • Esakal
  • Maharashtra Times
  • Loksatta
  • Lokmat

Marathi Miscellaneous

  • Marathi history and traditions

Learn Marathi

  • Learn to speak Marathi
v • d • e
State of Maharashtra
Topics History - Geography - Economy - Tourism - Marathi language
Marathi people - Marathi literature - Marathi cinema - Maharashtrian cuisine		 Seal of Maharashtra
Districts Ahmednagar • Akola • Amravati • Aurangabad • Beed • Bhandara • Buldana • Chandrapur • Dhule • Gadchiroli • Gondia • Hingoli • Jalgaon • Jalna • Kolhapur • Latur • Mumbai (City) • Mumbai (Suburban) • Nagpur • Nanded • Nandurbar • Nashik • Osmanabad • Parbhani • Pune • Raigad • Ratnagiri • Sangli • Satara • Sindhudurg • Solapur • Thane • Wardha • Washim • Yavatmal
Major cities Amravati • Aurangabad • Jalgaon • Kolhapur • Mumbai • Navi Mumbai • Nagpur • Nashik • Pune • Solapur• Thane
v • d • e
Indo-Iranian languages
Indic (Indo-Aryan)
Iranian
Dardic Dameli · Domaaki · Gawar-Bati · Kalash · Kashmiri · Khowar · Kohistani · Nangalami · Pashayi · Palula · Shina · Shumashti
Nuristani Askunu · Kamkata-viri · Tregami · Vasi-vari · Waigali

Marathi Wikipedia India is subdivided into 28 states, 6 union territories and a national capital territory. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... The Chinese pilgrim, Hiun Tsang, visited Maharashtra during AD 640-641 and was very impressed by the prosperity of the country, the efficiency of the administration and the character of the people. ... Maharashtra is one of the most industrialized states of India. ... The Marathi people or Maharashtrians (Marathi: मराठी माणसं or महाराष्ट्रीय) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, that inhabit the Maharashtra region and state of western India. ... Marathi literature (मराठी साहित्य) is one of the most flourishing, progressive and popular elements of Indian literature. ... Marathi cinema (मराठी चित्रपट) is one of the oldest in regional Indian films industry. ... Maharashtrian (or Marathi) cuisine is cuisine of the Marathi-speaking people, those from the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Image File history File links Seal of the government of Maharashtra File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Maharashtra state is made up of 35 districts, which are grouped into six divisions. ... Location of Ahmednagar district Ahmednagar District (अहमदनगर )is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. ... Akola is a district in Maharashtra, located in central India. ... Amravati is a district in Maharashtra, India. ... Aurangabad District is a District in Maharashtra, India. ... Beed or Bid is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Bhandara is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Buldhana District has an area of 9,680 km² and is located in Amravati Division of Maharashtra, located in central India. ... Chandrapur is a district in Nagpur Division of the Indian state of Maharashtra. ... Dhule District is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. ... Gadchiroli District is an administrative district in Maharashtra, India. ... Gondia District, also known as Gondiya District, is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Hingoli is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Location of Jalgaon district Jalgaon District (जळगाव) was formerly known as East Khandesh District. ... Jalna is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Kolhapur district is located in Maharashtra state. ... Latur is both a district and an important city in Maharashtra, India. ... Mumbai city district is a district of Maharashtra. ... The Mumbai suburban district is a district of the state of Maharashtra, India. ... Nagpur District is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. ... Nanded District is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. ... Nandurbar is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... Nashik District is a district in Maharashtra state of central India. ... Osmanabad is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Pune District is situated in Maharashtra state. ... Raigad District is a district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. ... Ratnagiri is a district in Maharashtra, India. ... Sangli District is a district of Maharashtra state in west-central India. ... Satara District is a district in the Indian state of Maharashtra with an area of 10,480 km² and a population of 2,808,994 of which 14. ... Sindhudurg (सिंधुदूर्ग in Marathi) is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India, which was carved out of the erstwhile Ratnagiri district. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Thane is a district in northern Maharashtra in India. ... Wardha District is located in Maharashtra state. ... Washim is a District in Maharashtra, India. ... Yavatmal (also Yeotmal) is a district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. ... , Amravati (also known as Amrawati or Amraoti) is a city in the state of Maharashtra in India. ... , For other uses, see Aurangabad. ... , Jalgaon (जळगाव) is a city in western India, to the north of the Maharashtra state in Jalgaon District, which itself is located on the northern Deccan Plateau. ... Kolhapur   (Marathi:कोल्हापुर) is a city situated in the south west corner of Maharashtra, India. ... , “Bombay” redirects here. ... , Navi Mumbai (Marathi: नवी मुंबई, IAST: ) (erstwhile: New Bombay) is a twin of Mumbai city, India. ... , Nāgpur   (Marathi: नागपुर) Third largest city in the western Indian state of Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune with a population of 2. ... , Nashik (Marathi: ) ( ) or Nasik (Marathi: ) is a city in Indias Maharashtra state. ... , Pune (IPA: , Marathi: पुणे) is a city located in the western Indian state of Maharashtra. ... , Solapur (Marathi: ))(Kannada: )), is a city and a municipal corporation in south eastern Maharashtra, India near the Karnataka border and is the administrative headquarters of Solapur District. ... , For the Anglo-Saxon royal retainer, see Thegn. ... The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages. ... The Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. ... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, which are the earliest sacred texts of India,. The Vedas were first passed down orally and therefore have no known date. ... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Some theonyms, proper names and other terminology of the Mitanni exhibit an Indo-Aryan superstrate, suggesting that an Indo-Aryan elite imposed itself over the Hurrian population in the course of the Indo-Aryan expansion. ... Prakrit (also spelt Pracrit) (Sanskrit: , original, natural, artless, normal, ordinary, usual, i. ... Pali (IAST: ) is a Middle Indo-Aryan dialect or prakrit. ... Maharashtri is a language of medieval India, descended from Sanskrit, and spoken in what is now Maharashtra and other parts of India. ... The Magadhi language (also known as मगही Magahi) is a language spoken by 11,362,000 people in India. ... Bengali or Bangla (IPA: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit, Pāli and Sanskrit languages. ... The dialects of the Bengali language are part of the Eastern Indo-Aryan language group of the Indo-European language family. ... Chittagonian is an Indo-European language spoken by the people of Chittagong in Bangladesh and the much of the southeast of the country. ... Sylheti (native name সিলটী Silôţi; Bengali name সিলেটী SileÅ£i) is the language of Sylhet proper, the north-eastern region of Bangladesh and southern districts of Assam around Silchar. ... Hindustani (/ /; ; हिन्दुस्तानी, ہندوستانی), also known as Hindi-Urdu, is a term used by linguists to describe several closely related idioms in the northern, central and northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent and the vernacular blend between its two standardized registers in the form of the official languages of Hindi and Urdu, as... In linguistics, a register is a subset of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. ... Hindi ( , Devanagari: or , IAST: , IPA: ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the two central official languages of India, the other being English. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Angika (Dev. ... Assamese ( ) (IPA: ) is a language spoken in the state of Assam in northeast India. ... Bhojpuri is a popular regional language spoken in northeastern India in the western part of state of Bihar, the northwestern part of Jharkhand, and the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh, as well as an adjoining area of southern plains of Nepal. ... The Bishnupriya Manipuri language (BPM) (ইমার ঠার/বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী) is an Indo-Aryan language. ... Dhivehi or Divehi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 300,000 people in the Republic of Maldives where it is the official language of the country and in the island of Minicoy (Maliku) in neighbouring India where it is known as Mahl. ... Areas in India and Pakistan where Dogri and related dialects are spoken Dogri (डोगरी or ڈوگرى) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about two million people in India and Pakistan, chiefly in the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, but also in northern Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, other parts of Kashmir, and... Gujarati (ગુજરાતી GujÇŽrātÄ«; also known as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, and Guujaratee[3]) is an Indo-Aryan language descending from Sanskrit, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. ... Konkani language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Konkani (DevanāgarÄ«: कोंकणी, Roman: Konknni, Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ, Malayalam: കൊംകണീ, IAST: ) is a language of India, and belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Maithili (मैथिली MaithilÄ«) is a language of the family of Indo-Aryan languages, which are part of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. ... Nepali (Khaskura) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, Bhutan, and some parts of India and Myanmar (Burma). ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... “Punjabi” redirects here. ... This article is about the language spoken by Roma people. ... SindhÄ« (سنڌي, सिन्धी) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia, which is now a province of Pakistan. ... Sinhalese or Sinhala (සිංහල, ISO 15919: , IPA: [], earlier referred to as Singhalese) is the mother tongue of the Sinhalese, the largest ethnic group of Sri Lanka. ... Avestan is an Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta. ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies The Bactrian language is an extinct language which was spoken in the Central Asian region of Bactria, also called Tocharistan, in northern Afghanistan. ... The Pamir languages are a subgroup of the Iranian languages, spoken in the Pamir Mountains, primarily along the Panj River and its tributaries in the southern Gorno-Badakhshan region of Tajikistan around the administrative center Khorog ( ), and the neighboring Badakhshan province and is in Pamir Area Afghanistan. ... Shughni is one of the Pamir languages of the Southeastern Iranian language group. ... The Sarikoli language (also Sarikul, Sariqul, Sariköli) is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the Southeastern Iranian languages spoken by Tajiks in China. ... The Wakhi Tajiki language is an Iranian language in the subbranch of Southeastern Iranian languages (see Pamir languages). ... Pashto (‎, IPA: also known as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto ‎, Pashtoe, Pashtu, Pushtu or Pushtoo) is a language spoken by Pashtuns living in Afghanistan and western Pakistan. ... The Scythian languages form a North Eastern branch of the Iranian language family and comprise the distinctive languages[1] spoken by the Scythian (Sarmatian and Saka) tribes of nomadic pastoralists in Scythia (Central Asia, Pontic-Caspian steppe) between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD. Up to the... The Entholinguistic patchwork of the modern Caucasus - CIA map Ossetic or Ossetian (Ossetic: or , Persian: اوسِتی) is an Iranian language spoken in Ossetia, a region on the slopes of the Caucasus mountains on the borders of Russia and Georgia. ... The Sogdian language is a Middle Iranian language spoken in Sogdiana (Zarafshan River Valley) in the modern day republics of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (chief cities: Samarkand, Panjikent, Ferghana). ... The Yaghnobi language [1] is a living Northeastern Iranian language (the only other living member being the Ossetic), and is spoken in high valley of the Yaghnob River in the Zarafshan area of Tajikistan by Yaghnobi people. ... Persian is an Indo-European language of the Indo-Iranian family. ... Sketch of the first column of the Behistun Inscription Old Persian is the oldest attested Persid language. ... Pahlavi is a term that refers: (1) to a script used in Iran derived from the Aramaic script, and (2) more broadly, to Middle Persian, the Middle Iranian language written in this script. ... “Farsi” redirects here. ... “Farsi” redirects here. ... Dari (Persian: ) is the official name for the Persian language in Afghanistan, popularly and locally known as Farsi. ... Tajik or Tadjik (тоҷикӣ, تاجیکی, tojikí) is a descendant of the Persian language spoken in Central Asia. ... Bukhori, also known as Bukharic or Bukharan, is an Indo-Iranian language. ... Balochi (also Baluchi, Baloci or Baluci) is a Northwestern Iranian language. ... The main Zoroastrian fire temple in Yazd, Iran. ... Gileki or Giliki (Gilaki in Persian) is a northwestern Iranian language and is spoken in Irans Gilan province. ... The Kurdish language is the language spoken by Kurds. ... Luri is a dialect of Persian language. ... Mazandarani or Tabari (Also known as: Mazeniki, Taperki) is an Iranian language of the northwestern branch. ... Talysh (also Talishi, Taleshi or Talyshi) are an Iranian people who speak one of the Northwestern Iranian languages. ... The Tat language or Tati is a Western Iranian language spoken by the Tat ethnic group in The Republic of Azerbaijan and Russia. ... Tat language or Tati (Persian: ) is a group of northwestern Iranian dialects which are closely related to Talysh language. ... Zazaki (Zazaish) is a language spoken by Zazas in eastern Anatolia (Turkey). ... The Dardic languages form a subfamily of the Indo-Iranian languages. ... Dameli is a language spoken by less than 5,000 people in the remote valley of Damil-Nisar, in the Chitral District of the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan. ... Domaaki - also known as Dumaki or Doma - is a language spoken in parts of northern Pakistan. ... Gawar-Bati is known in Chitral as Aranduyiwar, because it is spoken in Village Arandu, which is the last village in the bottom of Chitral and is across the Kunar River from Berkot in Afghanistan. ... Kalash or Kalasha (also known as Kalasha-mun) is an Indo-European language in the Indo-Iranian branch, further classified as a Dardic language in the Chitral Group. ... Kashmiri (कॉशुर, کٲشُر Koshur) is a northwestern Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in the valley of Kashmir, a region situated mostly in the Jammu and Kashmir state of India. ... Khowar is classified as a Dardic Language. ... Kohistani is a Dardic language spoken in Kohistan District (Pakistan). ... Nangalami is a Dardic language and is a branch of the Indo-Iranian language group, which in turn is branch of the Indo-European language. ... Pashayi - also known as Pashai - is a language (or a group of languages) spoken in parts of southwestern Afghanistan. ... Palula, also known as Phalura and as Ashretiwar, is spoken by 7,000 to 15,000 people in Ashret and Biori Valleys, in the Chitral District of the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan. ... Tshina is a Dardic Language and is spoken by majority of people in Northern Areas of Pakistan. ... Shumashti - also known as Shumasht - is a language spoken in parts of western Afghanistan. ... Nuristani languages form a language sub-family of the Indo-Iranian languages localized between the Iranian languages and the Indo-Aryan languages Ashkun language Kamviri language Kati language (Bashgali) Prasuni language (Wasi-Weri) Tregami language Waigali language (Kalasha-Ala) Categories: Language stubs | Indo-Iranian languages ... Askunu is a language of Afghanistan spoken by the Askunu people in the region of Pech Valley around Wama, northwest of Asadabad in Kunar province. ... Kamkata-viri contains the two main dialects Kata-vari and Kamviri. ... Tregami or Trigami is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the villages of Gambir and Katar in the Nurestan Province of Afghanistan. ... Vasi-vari is a language spoken by the Vasi in a few villages in the Prasun Valley in Afghanistan. ... Waigali or Waigeli is a language spoken in a few villages in the central part of the Kunar Province of Afghanistan. ...


  Results from FactBites:
 
NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Marathi language (1144 words)
Among the Indo-Aryan languages, Marathi is the southern-most language.
Marathi was the court language during the reign of the Yadava Kings.
Marathi is mainly spoken in Maharashtra and to a good extent in the neighboring states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
Epilepsy Action: Marathi Language Epilepsy Helpline for UK re (261 words)
In partnership with the organisation Language Line, telephone advice and information is available in 150 languages, including Marathi.
All Language Line interpreters are highly qualified in their field.
Language Line interpreters are specifically trained in telephone interpreting.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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