Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II.

His Coat of Arms

Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor of the Habsburg dynasty (July 31, 1527 – October 12, 1576) was king of Bohemia from 1562, king of Hungary from 1563 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1564 until his death. Painting of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II from [1] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Painting of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II from [1] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (920x780, 278 KB) Coats of arms of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (920x780, 278 KB) Coats of arms of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 153 days remaining. ... January 5 - Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church. ... October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... Events May 5 - Peace of Beaulieu or Peace of Monsieur (after Monsieur, the Duc dAnjou, brother of the King, who negotiated it). ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... The extent of the Holy Roman Empire in c. ...

Biography

Born in Vienna, he was a son of his predecessor Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547). Anne was a daughter of King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary and his wife Anne de Foix. Vienna (German: , see also other names) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Ferdinand in 1531, the year of his election as King of the Romans Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was an Austrian monarch from the House of Habsburg. ... Anna Jagellonica of Bohemia and Hungary (July 23, 1503 - January 27, 1547) was queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Queen-consort of the Romans and heiress of Bohemia and Hungary. ... Year 1503 (MDIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Year 1547 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Ladislaus Jagellion (in Czech Vladislav Jagellonský, in Hungarian II. Ulászló) was the King of Bohemia from 1471 and the King of Hungary from 1490 until his death in 1516. ... Anne de Foix (1484 – 26 July 1506) was the Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia. ...

His paternal uncle was Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. His first cousin Philip II of Spain, son of Charles V, was ahead of him in the line of succession, but under a 1553 agreement Maximilian displaced Philip as heir to the Imperial throne. Charles V (24 February 1500 - 21 September 1558) was ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily (1516-1554), Archduke of Austria (1519-1521), King of the Romans (or German King), (1519-1556 but did not formally abdicate until 1558) and... Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II de Habsburgo; Portuguese: Filipe I) (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was the first official King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until 1598, King of England (as King-consort of Mary I) from 1554 to 1558, King...

Maximilian's policies of religious neutrality and peace in the Empire afforded its Roman Catholics and Protestants a breathing-space after the first struggles of the Reformation. His sympathies for Lutheranism had caused frictions in the House of Habsburg and his father had threatened him with exclusion from the succession. Officially he remained a Catholic. The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Lutheranism describes those churches within Christianity that were reformed according to the theological insights of Martin Luther in the 16th century. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ...

He disappointed the German Protestant princes by his refusal to invest Protestant administrators of bishoprics with their imperial fiefs. Yet on a personal basis he granted freedom of worship to the Protestant nobility and worked for reform in the Roman Catholic church, including the right of priests to marry. This failed because of Spanish opposition. The term prince, from the Latin root princeps, is used for a member of the highest ranks of the aristocracy or the nobility. ...

The Turks continued to be a threat to the empire and after an unsuccessful campaign against them he had to continue paying tribute to the sultan as the price of peace in the western and northern areas of the Hungarian kingdom still under Habsburg control. His attempt (1570) to gain control over the army was rejected by the German Protestant princes, who feared that his demand for a veto over foreign forces on German soil was intended to prevent them from seeking Protestant help abroad. Events January 23 - The assassination of regent James Stewart, Earl of Moray throws Scotland into civil war February 25 - Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England with the bull Regnans in Excelsis May 20 - Abraham Ortelius issues the first modern atlas. ...

In 1575, Maximilan was elected by the part of Polish and Lithuanian magnates to be the King of Poland in opposition to Stephan IV Bathory, but he did not manage to become widely accepted there and was forced to leave Poland. Year 1575 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Mieszko I. Bolesław I Chrobry. ... Stefan Bat(h)ory, King of Poland, Prince of Transylvania, Grand Duke of Lithuania (27 September 1533–12 December 1586) was Prince of Transylvania (1571-1586), then King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1575-1586). ...

Maximilian II was a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Ferdinand I Philip III, Duke of Burgundy, with the collar of the Order The Order of the Golden Fleece (Spanish: Orden del Toisón de Oro) is an order of chivalry founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Isabelle of...

He died at Regensburg in 1576. Regensburg (also Ratisbon, Latin Ratisbona) is a city (population 129,175 in 2005) in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. ... Events May 5 - Peace of Beaulieu or Peace of Monsieur (after Monsieur, the Duc dAnjou, brother of the King, who negotiated it). ...

Names in other languages: German: Maximilian II., Hungarian: II. Miksa, Czech Maxmilián, Slovak: Maximilián II, Croatian: Maksimilijan.

Ancestors

Ferdinand in 1531, the year of his election as King of the Romans Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was an Austrian monarch from the House of Habsburg. ... Philip I of Castile Joanna of Castile Philip the Handsome redirects here. ... Portrait by Albrecht Dürer, 1519 (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). ... Mary of Burgundy. ... Joanna of Aragon and Castile (Spanish: Juana de Aragón y de Castilla) (November 6, 1479 – April 12, 1555), called Joanna the Mad (Juana La Loca), Queen regnant of Castile and mother of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was the second daughter of Ferdinand, king of Aragon, and Isabella... Ferdinand II of Aragon. ... Isabella of Castile (Spanish: Ysabel, Isabel or Isabela) (22 April 1451 - 26 November 1504) was queen of Castile. ... Anna Jagellonica of Bohemia and Hungary (July 23, 1503 - January 27, 1547) was queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Queen-consort of the Romans and heiress of Bohemia and Hungary. ... Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary Ladislaus Jagellion (Czech: Vladislav Jagellonský, Hungarian: ), (Polish:Władysław II Jagiellończyk, was the King of Bohemia from 1471 and the King of Hungary from 1490 until his death in 1516. ... Casimir IV Jagiellon (Polish: , Lithuanian: ; Belarusian: ; 30 November 1427 - 7 June 1492), of the House of Jagiellons, was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440, and King of Poland from 1447, until his death. ... Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria (1435/36/possibly 1437 – 30 August 1505), (in Polish Elżbieta Rakuszanka, Hungarian: Erszebet), was a Polish-Lithuanian queen. ... Anne de Foix (1484 – 26 July 1506) was the Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia. ... Gaston de Foix, Earl of Kendal and Count of Benauges was a French of high nobility in last decades of Middle Ages. ... Catherine de Foix (c. ...

Marriage and children

On 13 September 1548, Maximilian married his first cousin Maria of Spain, daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella of Portugal. They had sixteen children: September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... Events Mary I of Scotland sent to France Births September 2 - Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616) September 29 - William V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1626) Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (died 1624) Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (burned at the stake) 1600 (died 1600) Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general... Maria of Spain (Madrid, June 21, 1528 - Villa Monte, February 26, 1603) was the oldest daughter of Charles V and Isabella of Portugal. ... Charles V (24 February 1500 - 21 September 1558) was ruler of the Burgundian territories (1506-1555), King of Spain (1516-1556), King of Naples and Sicily (1516-1554), Archduke of Austria (1519-1521), King of the Romans (or German King), (1519-1556 but did not formally abdicate until 1558) and... Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Spain and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, by Titian. ...

• Anna of Austria (November 1, 1549 - October 26, 1580). Married Philip II of Spain. She was the mother of Philip III of Spain.
• Ferdinand of Austria (March 28, 1551 - June 25, 1552).
• Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 18, 1552 - January 20, 1612).
• Archduke Ernest of Austria, (July 15, 1553 - February 12, 1595). He served as Governor of the Low Countries.
• Elisabeth of Austria (June 5, 1554 - January 22, 1592). Married Charles IX of France.
• Marie of Austria (July 27, 1555 - June 25, 1556).
• Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor (February 24, 1557 - March 20, 1619).
• A stillborn son (born and deceased on October 20, 1557).
• Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria (October 12, 1558 - November 2, 1618). He served as grandmaster of the Teutonic Order and Administrator of Prussia.
• Albert VII, Archduke of Austria (November 15, 1559 - July 13, 1621). He served as Governor of the Low Countries.
• Wenzel of Austria (March 9, 1561 - September 22, 1578).
• Friedrich of Austria (June 21, 1562 - January 16, 1563).
• Marie of Austria (February 19 - March 26, 1564). Named after her deceased older sister.
• Karl of Austria (September 26, 1565 - May 23, 1566).
• Margaret of Austria (January 25, 1567 - July 5, 1633). A nun.
• Eleonore of Austria (November 4, 1568 - March 12, 1580).

Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain Anna of Austria (Cigales, Valladolid, November 1, 1549 - Badajoz, October 26, 1580), was Queen of Spain and Portugal. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... Events July - Ketts Rebellion Francis Xavier arrives in Japan. ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... Events March 1 - Michel de Montaigne signs the preface to his most significant work, Essays. ... Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II de Habsburgo; Portuguese: Filipe I) (May 21, 1527 – September 13, 1598) was the first official King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until 1598, King of England (as King-consort of Mary I) from 1554 to 1558, King... Philip III of Spain Philip III (Spanish: Felipe III) (April 14, 1578 – March 31, 1621) was the king of Spain and Portugal (as Philip II Portuguese: Filipe II), from 1598 until his death. ... March 28 is the 87th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (88th in leap years). ... Year 1551 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II Rudolph IIs personal imperial crown, later crown of the Austrian Empire Rudolf II Habsburg was an emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, king of Bohemia, and king of Hungary. ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 20 - Mathias becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... Archduke Ernest of Austria (born July 15, 1553 in Vienna, died February 12, 1595 in Brussels) was a son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor. ... July 15 is the 196th day (197th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 169 days remaining. ... // Events June 26 - Christs Hospital in London gets a Royal Charter July 6 - Edward VI of England dies July 10 - Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England - for the next nine days July 18 - Lord Mayor of London proclaims Queen Mary as the rightful Queen - Lady Jane Grey... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 30 - William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time. ... The Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands ruled the Seventeen Provinces, after 1581 only the Southern Netherlands as a representative of the Duke of Burgundy (until 1555), the King of Spain (1555-1706) or the Archduke of Austria (1716-1794), all from the house of Habsburg. ... Portrait by François Clouet (1571) Elisabeth of Austria (June 5, 1554 – January 22, 1592), was born an Archduchess of Austria, and later became Queen of France. ... June 5 is the 156th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (157th in leap years), with 209 days remaining. ... Events January 5 - Great fire in Eindhoven, Netherlands. ... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 30 - The death of Pope Innocent IX during the previous year had left the Papal throne vacant. ... Charles IX (June 27, 1550 – May 30, 1574) born Charles-Maximilien, was a member of the Valois Dynasty, King of France from 1560 until his death. ... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 157 days remaining. ... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Holy Roman Emperor Matthias Matthias (February 24, 1557 - March 20, 1619) of the House of Habsburg reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1612-1619, as King of Hungary from 1608-1619 (as Matthias II), and as King of Bohemia from 1611-1617. ... February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in leap years). ... Events May 13 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... Maximilian III of Austria Maximilian III, Archduke of Further Austria, also known as Maximilian der Deutschmeister (born October 12, 1558 in Wiener Neustadt; died November 2, 1618 in Vienna) was the third son of Emperor Maximilian II and Maria of Spain. ... October 12 is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). ... Events January 7 - French troops led by Francis, Duke of Guise take Calais, the last continental possession of England July 13 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... Events March 8 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (he soon rejects the idea after some initial calculations were made but on May 15 confirms the discovery). ... Teutonic Knights, charging into battle. ... Motto: Suum cuique Latin: To each his own Prussia at its peak, as leading state of the German Empire Capital Königsberg, later Berlin Political structure Duchy, Kingdom, Republic Duke1  - 1525–68 Albert I  - 1688–1701 Frederick III King1  - 1701–13 Frederick I  - 1888–1918 William II Prime Minister1,2... Albert and his wife Isabella Archduke Albert Ernst of Austria, Duke of Luxembourg etc (15 November 1559 – 13 July 1621) was appointed for the Spanish monarchy as Governor of the Low Countries in 1595, and from 1598 became joint sovereign of the Seventeen Provinces with his wife, Infanta Isabella Clara... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1621 was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (69th in leap years). ... // Events The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots. ... September 22 is the 265th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (266th in leap years). ... Events January 31 - Battle of Gemblours - Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch. ... June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 193 days remaining. ... Year 1562 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 1 - Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia February 18 - The Duke of Guise is assassinated while besieging Orléans March - Peace of Amboise. ... February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... March 26 is the 85th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (86th in leap years). ... Events March 27 — Naples bans kissing in public under the penalty of death June 22 — Fort Caroline, the first French attempt at colonizing the New World September 10 — The Battle of Kawanakajima Ottoman Turks invade Malta Modern pencil becomes common in England Conquistadors crossed the Pacific Spanish founded a colony... September 26 is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events March 1 - the city of Rio de Janeiro is founded. ... May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). ... Events January 7 - Pius V becomes Pope Selim II succeeds Suleiman I as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Religious rioting in the Netherlands signifies the beginning of the Eighty Years War in the Netherlands. ... January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events The Duke of Alva arrives in the Netherlands with Spanish forces to suppress unrest there. ... July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... Events February 13 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ... March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (72nd in leap years). ... Events March 1 - Michel de Montaigne signs the preface to his most significant work, Essays. ...

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Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor