NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Mazandaran

Mazandaran (Persian: مازندران) is a province in northern Iran, bordering the Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea in the north. Mazandaran was part of the Persian province of Hyrcania. It had been historically known as Tabaristan prior to 1596. Image File history File links province of Iran File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Persian is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea is a landlocked endorheic sea of Eurasia between Asia and Europe. ... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau and beyond. ... Gorgan (گرگان); Hyrcania ; Hyrcana (Old Persian Varkâna, land of wolves; modern Persian Gorgan): part of the ancient Persian empire, on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea (present day Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan and parts of Turkmenistan). ... Events February 5 - 26 catholics crucified in Nagasaki, Japan. ...

Sari is the provincial capital. Gorgan also used to be a part of Mazandaran until recently, but is now the capital city of the new Iranian province of Golestan (since 1997). Sari is the capital city of the Iranian province of Mazandaran in northern Iran. ... Gorgan (گرگان); Hyrcania ; Hyrcana (Old Persian Varkâna, land of wolves; modern Persian Gorgan): part of the ancient Persian empire, on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea (present day Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan and parts of Turkmenistan). ... Gonbad-e Qabus, built in 1007, is a reminder of the blossoming of art and architecture in medieval Persia. ...

The province covers an area of 23,833 sq. km. Counties of the province are: Amol, Babol, Babolsar, Behshahr, Tonekabon, Chaloos, Ramsar, Savad Kooh, Qaem Shahr, Mahmood Abad, Neka, Noor and Noshahr. Amol is a city in northern Iran, in the province of Mazandaran. ... Babol (Ø¨Ø§Ø¨Ù„ in Persian) is a city in the Iranian province of Mazandaran, north-east of Tehran. ... Dabir Azam Hosna: former mayor of Babolsar. ... http://en. ... Tonekabon is a city in Mazandaran Province, Iran. ... Ramsar (in Persian: Ø±Ø§Ù…Ø³Ø±) is a town in Mazandaran pronivce of Iran, at the Caspian Sea. ... We dont have an article called Qaem Shahr Start this article Search for Qaem Shahr in. ... Neka is the name of a small town which is located 20 kilometres east of Sari in Iran. ... Noor may refer to: An Arabic name, common among royalty The Arabic term for light (Ù†ÙˆØ±) Queen Noor of Jordan Noor Jahan, a Mughal Empress Noor Jehan, Pakistani actress/singer Noor Actress, actress Princess Noor Inyat Khan, a descendant of Tipu Sultan The city of Noor in northern Iran in the... Noshahr (also written Nowshahr, Noushahr and Ù†ÙˆØ´Ù‡Ø± in persian) is a port city in the province of Mazandaran in northern Iran. ...

The Caspian Sea is to the north, the provinces of Tehran and Semnan lie to the south. To the west it has common borders with Gilan province, and to the east stands the province of Golestan. Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea is a landlocked endorheic sea of Eurasia between Asia and Europe. ... Tehran (IPA: ; Persian: ØªÙ‡Ø±Ø§Ù†, also transliterated as Teheran or TehrÄn), population 7,160,094 (metropolitan: 14,000,000), and a land area of 658 square kilometers, is the capital city of Iran and the center of Tehran Province. ... Semnan is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... Guilan (گیلان in Persian) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran, during antique time known as part of Hyrcania, with a population of approximately 2 million and an area of 14,700 sq. ... Gonbad-e Qabus, built in 1007, is a reminder of the blossoming of art and architecture in medieval Persia. ...

History

Climatic conditions of Mazandaran have prevented the preservation of historical monuments. Thus there are only a few sound vestiges remaining from pre-Islamic periods in the coastal plains of Mazandaran. But the province is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many older cemeteries scattered throughout the province. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate...

In 662, ten years after the death of Yazdegerd III the last Sassanian Emperor, a large Muslim army under the command of Hassan ibn Ali (Imam Hassan, the second Shi'a Imam) invaded Tabarestan (Mazandaran as it was then called) only to be severely beaten, suffering heavy losses to the forces of the Zoroastrian princes of the Dabboyid house. For the next two hundred years, Tabaristan maintained an existence independent of the Umayyad Caliphate which supplanted the Persian Empire in the early seventh century, with independent Zoroastrian houses like the Bavand and Karen fighting an effective guerilla warfare against Islam. A short-lived Alid Shiite state collapsed before the subsequent take-over by the Zyarid princes. Mazandaran, unlike much of the rest of the Iranian Plateau maintained a Zoroastrian majority until the 12th century CE, thanks to its isolation and hardy population which fought against the Caliph's armies for centuries. During the Abbasid caliphate of Abou Jafar Al-Mansur, Tabaristan witnessed a wave of popular revolt. Ultimately, Vandad Hormoz established an independent dynasty in Tabaristan in 783CE. In 1034CE, Soltan Mahmoud Ghaznavi entered Tabarestan via Gorgan followed by the invasion of Soltan Mohammad Kharazmshah in 1209CE. Thereafter, the Mongols governed the region and finally were overthrown by the Timurid Dynasty. After the dissolution of the feudal government of Tabaristan, Mazandaran was incorporated into modern Persian Empire by Shah Abbas I in 1596. During the reign of Nadir Shah, the province was briefly occupied by Russians in the aftermath of the Russo-Persian War, 1722-1723. The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau and beyond. ... Abu Jafar Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur (712 - 775) (Arabic: Ø§Ø¨Ùˆ Ø¬Ø¹ÙØ± Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ Ø§Ø¨Ù† Ù…ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ù†ØµÙˆØ±) was the Abbasid Caliph who founded Baghdad in 762. ... Mazandaran (مازندران in Persian) is a province in northern Iran, bordering the Caspian Sea in the north. ... The Ghaznavid Empire (Ø³Ù„Ø³Ù„Ù‡ ØºØ²Ù†ÙˆÛŒØ§Ù† in Persian) was a state in the region of todays Afghanistan that existed from 962 to 1187. ... Map of Iran and surrounding countries, showing location of Gorgan Gorgan (Persian: Ú¯Ø±Ú¯Ø§Ù†, Land of the Wolf) is the capital city of the Iranian province of Golestan. ... The Khwarezmid Empire (also known as the Khwarezmian Empire) was a Muslim Iranian state in the 11th century in Khwarezmia that lasted until the Mongol invasion in 1220. ... Timurids Map The Timurids were a mixed Turkic-Mongol and Persian (Turco) dynasty of Central Asia established by Timur (Tamerlane). ... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau and beyond. ... Shah Abbas I (شاه عباس اول) (January 27, 1571?-January 19, 1629?) was the most eminent ruler of the Safavid Dynasty. ... Events February 5 - 26 catholics crucified in Nagasaki, Japan. ... Nadir Shahâ€™s portrait from the collection of Smithsonian Institute Nadir Shah (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ø´Ø§Ù‡) (Nadir Qoli Beg (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ù‚Ù„ÛŒ Ø¨ÛŒÚ¯), also Tahmasp-Qoli Khan (Persian: ØªÙ‡Ù…Ø§Ø³Ù¾ Ù‚Ù„ÛŒ Ø®Ø§Ù†) also Nadir Shah Afshar (Persian: Ù†Ø§Ø¯Ø± Ø´Ø§Ù‡ Ø§ÙØ´Ø§Ø±) ) (October 22, 1688 - June 19, 1747) ruled as Shah of Iran (1736â€“47) and was the founder of the short-lived Turkic Afsharid... Eugene Lanceray. ...

Geography and culture

Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier. Alborz Mountains underneath clouds seen from Tehran Alborz (in Persian Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ø±Ø²), also written as Alburz or Elburz, is a mountain range in northern Iran, stretching from the borders of Armenia in the north-west to the southern end of the Caspian Sea, where also Tehran and Irans highest peak, Damavand...

There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys. Alborz Mountains underneath clouds seen from Tehran Alborz (in Persian Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ø±Ø²), also written as Alburz or Elburz, is a mountain range in northern Iran, stretching from the borders of Armenia in the north-west to the southern end of the Caspian Sea, where also Tehran and Irans highest peak, Damavand... Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea is a landlocked endorheic sea of Eurasia between Asia and Europe. ...

Language

Mazanderani or Tabari is an ancient northwestern branch of the Iranian languages, and is even considered by some a language in its own right. Mazandarani or Tabari is an ancient Iranian language of the northwestern branch. ... Mazanderani (also spelled Mazandarani; in Persian: مازندرانی) is one of the Iranian languages spoken in north-western province of Iran, Mazandaran. ...

Notably, the language did not come under the influence of other incoming languages such as Mongolian, Arabic, or Tatar, and is still spoken in various dialects (Saravi, Gorgani, Gilaki, Baboli, Amoli) in the region. Gilaki or Guilaki (گیلکی) is one of the North-western Iranian languages spoken in Irans Gilan province. ...

Significant natives of Mazandaran

Mazandaran has been home to many significant Iranian figures. These range from scholars and poets to politicians and actors. Of the most notable Mazandaranian figure is Reza Shah Pahlavi who was born in Alasht, Mazandaran in 1877. Reza Pahvalavi became the Iranian Shah from 1925 until 1941, when he was forced to relinquish his throne to his son. Shah Reza Pahlavi Reza Pahlavi (Persian: رضا پهلوی), (March 16, 1877–July 26, 1944), called Reza Shah the Great after his death, was Shah of Persia (later Iran) from December 15, 1925 to September 16, 1941. ... Photo of Savadkooh, Spring of 2003 Alasht is one of five major places of savadkooh land which is located in the Mazandaran, Alasht is one of the places of mazandaran with the wealth of natural resources. ...

Notable Mazandaranian poets include the modernist poet Nima Yooshij, the great late contemporary poet of Iran who was born in Yush, Mazandaran. Nima Tammam (Persian) (November 12, 1897 - January 6, 1959) shortly called Nima), born Ali Esfandiari (Persian: Ø¹Ù„ÛŒ Ø§Ø³ÙÙ†Ø¯ÛŒØ§Ø±ÛŒ), was a contemporary Persian poet who started the sheâ€™r-e no (new poem) also known as sheâ€™r-e nimaai (nimaai poem) trend in Iran. ... Mazandaran (Persian: Ù…Ø§Ø²Ù†Ø¯Ø±Ø§Ù†) is a province in northern Iran, bordering the Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea in the north. ...

Interesting note: Being formerly part of the greater province of Taparestan or Tabaristan, two famous 9th-century Persian scholars are from Mazandaran, both commonly called "al-Tabari" (meaning simply "from Tabaristan"). The name al-Tabari means simply from Tabaristan, thus more than one Muslim scholar is known by this designation: Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, Ali the scholar from Tabiristan (838-870 A.D.) was the writer of a medical encyclopedia and the teacher of the scholar physician Zakariya al...

Mazandaran today

Economy

Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, tobacco, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland strip along the Caspian shore. Oil wealth has stimulated industries in food processing, cement, textiles, cotton, and fishing (caviar). Species Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Rice refers to two species (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) of grass, native to tropical and subtropical southern & southeastern Asia and to Africa, which together provide more than one fifth of the calories consumed by humans[1]. (The term wild rice can refer to wild... Oats, barley, and some products made from them Cereal crops are mostly grasses cultivated for their edible grains or seeds (actually a fruit called a caryopsis). ... Fruit stall in Barcelona, Catalonia. ... Cotton ready for harvest. ... Tea leaves in a Chinese gaiwan. ... Species Nicotiana acuminata Nicotiana alata Nicotiana attenuata Nicotiana benthamiana Nicotiana clevelandii Nicotiana excelsior Nicotiana forgetiana Nicotiana glauca Nicotiana glutinosa Nicotiana langsdorffii Nicotiana longiflora Nicotiana obtusifolia Nicotiana paniculata Nicotiana plumbagifolia Nicotiana quadrivalvis Nicotiana repanda Nicotiana rustica Nicotianasuaveolens Nicotiana sylvestris Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana tomentosa Ref: ITIS 30562 as of August 26, 2005... Species Saccharum arundinaceum Saccharum bengalense Saccharum edule Saccharum officinarum Saccharum procerum Saccharum ravennae Saccharum robustum Saccharum sinense Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane or Sugar cane (Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical regions... Silk weaver Silk is a natural protein fiber that can be woven into textiles. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Greek petra â€“ rock and elaion â€“ oil or Latin oleum â€“ oil ) or crude oil is a black, dark brown or greenish liquid found in porous rock formations in the earth. ... A can of black Iranian caviar Russian salmon caviar on butterbrot Caviar is the processed, salted roe of various species of fish, most notably sturgeon. ...

Suitable environmental conditions, pleasant and moderate climate, beautiful natural landscapes, and proximity to Tehran, have led the province to be one of the main recreational and tourism areas of Iran. Image File history File links Shomal_villa. ... Image File history File links Shomal_villa. ... For Caspian Sea, go to: Caspian Sea CASPIAN Consumers Against Supermarket Privacy Invasion and Numbering (CASPIAN) is a national grass-roots consumer group dedicated to fighting supermarket loyalty or frequent shopper cards. ... Tehran (IPA: ; Persian: ØªÙ‡Ø±Ø§Ù†, also transliterated as Teheran or TehrÄn), population 7,160,094 (metropolitan: 14,000,000), and a land area of 658 square kilometers, is the capital city of Iran and the center of Tehran Province. ...

Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists close to 630 sites of historical and cultural significance, hence a wealth of tourist attractions. Iran Cultural Heritage Organization (Ø³Ø§Ø²Ù…Ø§Ù† Ù…ÛŒØ±Ø§Ø« ÙØ±Ù‡Ù†Ú¯ÛŒ) is an educational and research institution overseeing numerous associated museum complexes throughout Iran. ...

Colleges and universities

Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran province, Persia (Iran). ... University of Mazandaran is a university located in Mazandaran Province of Iran, headquartered in the city of Babolsar. ...

External links

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Provinces of Iran

Ardabil • Bushehr • Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari • East Azarbaijan • Isfahan • Fars • Guilan • Golestan • Hamadan • Hormozgan • Ilam • Kerman • Kermanshah • Khuzestan • Kohkiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad • Kurdistan • Lorestan • Markazi • Mazandaran • North Khorasan • Qazvin • Qom • Razavi Khorasan • Semnan • Sistan and Baluchistan • South Khorasan • Tehran • West Azarbaijan • Yazd • Zanjan
Iran consists of 30 provinces: Provinces are governed from a local center, mostly the largest local city. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... Sheikh Safis Tomb Ardabil (Persian: Ø§Ø±Ø¯Ø¨ÛŒÙ„; also known as: Ardebil; ancient name: Artavil) is one of 30 provinces of Iran. ... Bushehr is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari (Persian: Ú†Ù‡Ø§Ø±Ù…ØØ§Ù„ Ùˆ Ø¨Ø®ØªÛŒØ§Ø±ÛŒ) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... East Azarbaijan or East Azerbaijan (Persian: Ø¢Ø°Ø±Ø¨Ø§ÛŒØ¬Ø§Ù† Ø´Ø±Ù‚ÛŒ, Ä€zÄrbÄijÄn-e Sharqi; Azeri: ÅžÉ™rqi AzÉ™rbaycan) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... // Isfahan province has enjoyed the benefit of being capital of Persia for 200 years during the 17th and 18th centuries. ... Fars (Persian: ÙØ§Ø±Ø³) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... Guilan or Gilan (Persian: Ú¯ÛŒÙ„Ø§Ù†) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran, known during ancient times as part of Hyrcania, with a population of approximately 2 million and an area of 14,700 sq. ... Gonbad-e Qabus, built in 1007, is a reminder of the blossoming of art and architecture in medieval Persia. ... External links Official website of Hamadan Governorship Categories: Iran geography stubs | Provinces of Iran ... Qeshm Island is a protected UNESCO biosphere reserve, seen here on a stormy day in The Persian Gulf. ... // Introduction Ilam province is on the western edges of the Zagros range, bordering Iraq. ... Kerman is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... Kermanshah (KirmaÅŸan in Kurdish, ÙƒØ±Ù…Ø§Ù†Ø´Ø§Ù‡ in Persian) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... Map showing Khuzestan in Iran Domes like this are quite common in Khuzestan province. ... Kohgiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad (Persian: Ú©Ù‡Ú¯ÛŒÙ„ÙˆÛŒÙ‡ Ùˆ Ø¨ÙˆÛŒØ±Ø§ØÙ…Ø¯ )is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... Map showing Iranian province of Kurdistan. ... Falak-ol-aflak, built by the Sassanids, is almost 1800 years old. ... The Congregation Mosque of NarÄgh. ... North Khorasan (in Persian: Ø®Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø§Ù† Ø´Ù…Ø§Ù„ÛŒ) is a province located in northeastern Iran. ... Qazvin province contains fine examples of Iranian architecture from various ages. ... The Grand Timcheh of Qoms Bazaar. ... Khorasan (in Persian: Ø®Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø§Ù†) is a province located in northeastern Iran. ... Semnan is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... SistÄn and BalÅ«chestÄn is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... South Khorasan (Persian: Ø®Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø§Ù† Ø¬Ù†ÙˆØ¨ÛŒ) is a province located in eastern Iran. ... Tehran province has been the seat of Irans capital, Tehran, since 1778. ... West Azarbaijan or West Azerbaijan (Persian: Ø¢Ø°Ø±Ø¨Ø§ÛŒØ¬Ø§Ù† ØºØ±Ø¨ÛŒ Ä€zÄrbÄijÄn-e GharbÄ«; Kurdish: AzerbaycanÃ® Rojawa; Azeri: QÉ™rbi AzÉ™rbaycan) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Zanjan (Ø²Ù†Ø¬Ø§Ù† in Persian) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ...

Contents

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