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Melanesia (from Greek: μέλας black, νῆσος island) is a subregion of Oceania extending from the western side of the West Pacific to the Arafura Sea, north and northeast of Australia. The term was first used by Jules Dumont d'Urville in 1832 to denote an ethnic and geographical grouping of islands distinct from Polynesia and Micronesia. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
The definition of continental subregions in use by the United Nations. ...
For other uses, see Oceania (disambiguation). ...
As the Pacific straddles the ±180° longitude where East becomes West, the Asian side of the ocean (where latitudes are E) is correctly referred to as East Pacific and the opposite side (eastwards) where latitudes are W is the West Pacific. ...
The Arafura Sea is the body of water that lies between Australia and New Guinea. ...
This article is about the French explorer. ...
Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: πολÏÏ‚ many, νῆσος island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ...
Today, d'Urville's racial classification is known to be inaccurate because it obscures the very great cultural, linguistic, and genetic diversity in the area and combines two quite distinct groups, the Austronesians (who have a much wider distribution than just Melanesia) and the Papuans (who themselves comprise a number of separate groups). A further complication is that the term Melanesian is sometimes used to refer solely to the Austronesian peoples of that region, especially when contrasting them with the Polynesians and Micronesians (both of whom are also Austronesian). For other uses, see Race (disambiguation). ...
Genetic diversity is a characteristic of ecosystems and gene pools that describes an attribute which is commonly held to be advantageous for survival -- that there are many different versions of otherwise similar organisms. ...
The Austronesian people are a population group in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke one of the Austronesian languages. ...
The term Papuan languages refers to those languages of the western Pacific which are neither Austronesian nor Australian. ...
In contrast, there is a widely used geopolitical conception of Melanesia. For example, the Melanesian Spearhead Group Preferential Trade Agreement is a regional trade treaty governing the states of Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, and Fiji. Melanesia is also current as a geographic term, used as a reference to the area when national, ethnic, and linguistic distinctions are not relevant.[1] Geopolitics is the study that analyzes geography, history and social science with reference to spatial politics and patterns at various scales (ranging from home, city, region, state to international and cosmopolitics). ...
The Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) Preferential Trade Agreement is a trade treaty governing the four melanesian states of Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and recently, Fiji. ...
We dont have an article called Preferential Trade Arrangement Start this article Search for Preferential Trade Arrangement in. ...
Geography - (from the Greek words Geo (γη) or Gaea (γαία), both meaning Earth, and graphein (γÏάφειν) meaning to describe or to writeor to map) is the study of the earth and its features, inhabitants, and phenomena. ...
People The original inhabitants of the islands now named Melanesia were likely the ancestors of the presentday Papuan-speaking people. These people are thought to have occupied New Guinea tens of millennia ago and reached the islands at least 35,000 years ago (according to radiocarbon dating). They appear to have occupied these islands as far east as the main islands in the Solomon Islands (i.e., including San Cristobal) and perhaps even to the smaller islands farther to the east.[2] San Cristóbal, the Spanish language name of St. ...
It was particularly along the north coast of New Guinea and in the islands north and east of New Guinea that the Austronesian people came into contact with these pre-existing populations of Papuan-speaking peoples, probably around 4000 years ago. There was probably a long period of interaction that resulted in many complex changes in genetics, languages, and culture.[3] It is likely that from this area a very small group of people (speaking an Austronesian language) departed to the east to become the forebears of the Polynesian people.[4] The Austronesian people are a population group in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke one of the Austronesian languages. ...
Location The following islands and groups of islands since the 19th century have been considered part of Melanesia: Islands whose long-established inhabitants are of mixed ancestry who do not necessarily self-identify as Melanesian: The Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean, named in honour of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck and belonging to Papua New Guinea. ...
Papua is a province of Indonesia comprising a majority part of the western half of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands (see also Western New Guinea). ...
Maluku redirects here. ...
The Torres Strait Islands are a group of at least 274 small islands which lie in Torres Strait, the waterway separating far northern continental Australias Cape York Peninsula and the island of New Guinea. ...
For other uses, see Palau (disambiguation). ...
Some of the islands to the west of New Guinea such as Halmahera, Alor, and Pantar can also be considered to be part of Melanesia, although people in this area do not make use of the term. Map of Flores Island Flores (Portuguese for flowers) is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 km² extending east from the Java island of Indonesia. ...
The Lesser Sunda Islands; Sumba is in the center Sumba is an island in Indonesia, and is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands. ...
Timor is an island at the south end of the Malay Archipelago, divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, part of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara with the surface of 11,883 sq mi (30,777 km²). The name is a variant of timur...
Halmahera (also Jilolo or Gilolo) is the largest island in the Maluku Islands. ...
Alor is the largest island in the Indonesia, which from the west include such islands as Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores Solor and Lomblen. ...
Pantar is the second largest island in the Indonesian Alor archipelago. ...
References - ^ Diamond, Jared and Ernst Mayr (2001). The Birds of Northern Melanesia: Speciation, Ecology, and Biogeography. N.Y.: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514170-9.
- ^ Dunn, Michael, Angela Terrill, Ger Reesink, Robert A. Foley, Stephen C. Levinson (2005). "Structural Phylogenetics and the Reconstruction of Ancient Language History". Science 309: 2072-2075. doi:10.1126/science.1114615.
- ^ Spriggs, Matthew (1997). The Island Melanesians. Blackwell. ISBN 0631167277.
- ^ Kayser, Manfred, Silke Brauer, Gunter Weiss, Peter A. Underhill, Lutz Rower, Wulf Schiefenhövel and Mark Stoneking (2000). "The Melanesian Origin of Polynesian Y chromosomes". Current Biology 10: 1237-1246. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00029-X.
Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
See also Papua is: Another name for New Guinea Papua (Australian territory): A former Australian territory comprising the southeastern quarter of the island of New Guinea, now the southern part of Papua New Guinea Papua (Indonesian province): An Indonesian province comprising the western half of the island of New Guinea Related Words...
Ati woman Negrito refers a dwindling ethnic group which is now restricted to parts of Southeast Asia. ...
The Bishop of Melanesia is the head of the Anglican Church of the Province of Melanesia. ...
The Melanesian Brotherhood was formed in 1925 by Ini Kopuria, a policeman from Maravovo, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. ...
External links | Countries and territories of Oceania | | 1 Often included in Polynesia · 2 East Timor is often included in Asia Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: πολÏÏ‚ many, νῆσος island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ...
For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ...
3 New Guinea is often included in Australasia | | v • d • e Regions of the world | |
 Australasia Australasia is a term variably used to describe a region of Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. ...
The definition of continental subregions in use by the United Nations. ...
This article is about Earth as a planet. ...
Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 407 pixel Image in higher resolution (2759 × 1404 pixel, file size: 55 KB, MIME type: image/png) this is a boring map of africa!!!!!!!!!!!! World map depicting Africa; map adapted from PDF world map at CIA World Fact Book File...
| Africa A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...
| Central · Eastern · Northern · Southern · Western Central Africa Middle Africa (UN subregion) Central African Federation (defunct) Central Africa is a core region of the African continent often considered to include: Burundi Central African Republic Chad Democratic Republic of the Congo Rwanda Middle Africa (as used by the United Nations when categorising geographic subregions) is an analogous...
Eastern Africa (UN subregion) East African Community Central African Federation (defunct) geographic, including above East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easternmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. ...
Northern Africa (UN subregion) geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ...
Categories: Africa geography stubs | Southern Africa ...
Western Africa (UN subregion) Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ...
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 Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2759x1404, 54 KB) Extracted from CIA World Factbook PDF world map, then rasterized and colored. ...
| Americas World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ...
| Anglo · Caribbean · Central · Latin · Middle · North · Northern · South The term Anglo-America is used to describe those parts of North America in which English is the main language. ...
West Indies redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Central America (disambiguation). ...
Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...
Middle America For other uses, see Middle America (disambiguation). ...
North America North America is a continent [1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...
Northern America is a name for the parts of North America besides Mexico when Mexico is considered as Latin America. ...
South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...
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 This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ...
| Asia For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ...
| Central · Eastern · Northern · Southern · Southeastern · Southwestern / Western Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...
East Asia Geographic East Asia. ...
Regions of Asia: Northern Asia Central Asia Western Asia Southern Asia Eastern Asia Southeastern Asia North Asia or Northern Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...
Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ...
Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...
Southwest Asia in most contexts. ...
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 Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2759x1404, 55 KB) link title dkrjfjjfffffffffffffffffffffffffvnguigtailewGFGSgfgfFdsguuggsgsugusGUISHGUIYFGHFDGHEAHRUGIDAFGOFDSOGYFOHGUOFDYHOIYFDSYOGIDHB JKZVXCNBJKGDUGKDFH87IHZDJKLGXHGKVCZHBUIJZUIVBHUIVCYUBHFDZKHUIVCVCYUBYVCUIBXChkGHIDAHAYFDUGFGFDZOIGFDZHLGFDZHJLGFDSZhKLZFDHFXGJFSJGFXJXZJXGFGJXJJJJJJFGFFDFHFDZFHHDHFHDZHFDZHDZHFDHFDDHHHFDFDHZFHGFJZHJAYATHZDGXVJGJTDYHDGHBNDZHFXHZGFDHDZHZDZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG World map depicting Europe; map adapted from PDF world map at CIA World Fact Book File links The following pages link to this file: Australia Africa Asia Antarctica Africa-Eurasia Continent Europe Elias Canetti...
| Europe For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
| Central · Northern · Southern · Western · Eastern Central Europe The Alpine Countries and the Visegrád Group (Political map, 2004) Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ...
Northern Europe Northern Europe is the northern part of the European continent. ...
Southern Europe is a region of the European continent. ...
A current understanding of Western Europe. ...
Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange). ...
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 Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2759x1404, 54 KB)Oceanias place in the world. ...
| Oceania For other uses, see Oceania (disambiguation). ...
| Australasia · Melanesia · Micronesia · Polynesia Australasia Australasia is a term variably used to describe a region of Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. ...
Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: πολÏÏ‚ many, νῆσος island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ...
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Map showing general definition of Asia-Pacific The term Asia-Pacific generally applies to littoral East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australasia near the Pacific Ocean, plus the states in the ocean itself (Oceania). ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Caucasus Mountains. ...
The far east as a cultural block includes East Asia, Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and South Asia. ...
Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ...
A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...
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 Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2759x1404, 50 KB) Summary Map indicating the worlds polar regions (i. ...
| Polar Location of the polar regions Northern Hemisphere permafrost (permanently frozen ground) in purple. ...
| Arctic · Antarctic The red line indicates the 10°C isotherm in July, commonly used to define the Arctic region border Artificially coloured topographical map of the Arctic region The Arctic is the region around the Earths North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. ...
For other uses, see Antarctica (disambiguation). ...
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 Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2759x1404, 55 KB) Summary The large plain-grey Image:LocationWorld. ...
| Oceans Animated map exhibiting the worlds oceanic waters. ...
| World · Arctic · Atlantic · Indian · Pacific · Southern The term World Ocean refers to the interconnected system of the planet Earths marine waters. ...
The Arctic Ocean, located in the southern hemisphere and mostly in the Antarctic south polar region, is the largest of the worlds five major landmassesic divisions and the deepest. ...
The Atlantic Ocean, not including Arctic and Antarctic regions. ...
Pacific redirects here. ...
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Great Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Ocean and the South Polar Ocean, is the International Hydrographic Organizations oceanic division encircling Antarctica, comprising the southernmost waters of the World Ocean south of 60° S latitude. ...
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