Part of a series of articles on History of London

Evolution Londinium · Lundenwic City of London City of Westminster County of London Greater London London has a history that goes back 2,000 years. ... Image File history File links Photo of St. ... London has a history that goes back 2,000 years. ... London has a history that goes back 2,000 years. ... Coat of arms The City of London is a small area in Greater London. ... The City of Westminster is a London borough with city status, situated to the west of the City of London and north of the River Thames. ... The County of London (in red), super imposed upon todays Greater London area, to show the difference in size with post-1965 Borough boundaries The County of London was an administrative county of England from 1888 to 1965. ... Greater London is the top level administrative subdivision covering London and forms one of the nine regions of England. ...

Government Metropolitan Board of Works London County Council Greater London Council Greater London Authority London Assembly Mayor of London London County Council emblem is still seen today on buildings, especially housing, from that era London County Council (LCC) was the principal local government body for the County of London from 1889 until 1965, when it was replaced by the Greater London Council. ... Arms of the Greater London Council The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. ... The Greater London Authority (GLA) administers the 1579 km² (610 sq. ... The London Assembly is an elected body that supervises the Greater London Authority and the Mayor of London. ... Ken Livingstone, the current Mayor of London The Mayor of London is an elected politician in London, United Kingdom. ...

Events Peasants' Revolt Black Death · Great Plague Great Fire of London The Great Stink The Great Exhibition The Blitz ·Swinging London The London Plan · 7/7 bombings The end of the revolt: Wat Tyler killed by Walworth while Richard II watches, and a second image of Richard addressing the crowd The Peasants Revolt, Tyler’s Rebellion or Great Rising of 1381 was one of a number of popular revolts in late medieval Europe and is a major... Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411). ... The Great Plague was a massive outbreak of disease in Britain that killed 60,000 people, up to a fifth of Londons population in 1665. ... The Great Fire of London was a major fire that swept through the City of London from 2-5 September 1666, and resulted more or less in the destruction of the city. ... The Great Stink or The Big Stink was a time in the summer of 1858 during which the smell of untreated sewage almost overwhelmed people in central London. ... The Great Exhibition in Hyde Park 1851. ... German bomber over the Surrey Docks, Southwark, London The Blitz was the bombing of the United Kingdom by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 16 May 1941, during World War II. It was carried out by the Luftwaffe across the UK, but their attack was concentrated on London. ... Swinging London is a catchall term applied to a variety of dynamic cultural trends in the United Kingdom (centred in London, as the dominant city) in the 1960s. ... Ken Livingstone, the current Mayor of London The Mayor of London is an elected politician in London, United Kingdom. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ...

Historic constructions St. Paul's Cathedral Tower of London · Baynard's Castle Westminster Hall · London Bridge Westminster Abbey The Monument St Pauls Cathedral is a cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London in London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. ... For the film with this title, see Tower of London (1939 film). ... Baynards Castle was at various times a castle, house and palace that existed on the same site, in the south west corner of the City of London, for 600 years from the time of the Norman Conquest until the Great Fire of London. ... Clock Tower and New Palace Yard from the west The Palace of Westminster, on the banks of the River Thames in Westminster, London, is the home of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, which form the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... London Bridge at 0800. ... The Abbeys western façade The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which is almost always referred to as Westminster Abbey, is a mainly Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral, in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. ... The Monument seen from the ground The Monument to the Great Fire of London, more commonly known as The Monument is a 61-metre (202-foot) tall stone Roman doric column in the City of London, near to the northern end of London Bridge. ...

City of London Corporation of London Lord Mayor of London Guildhall · Livery Companies Lord Mayor's Show Bank of England Arms of the City of London as shown on Blackfriars station. ... Michael Berry Savory. ... The Guildhall The Guildhall complex in c. ... Livery Companies are trade associations based in the City of London. ... In 1747, the Lord Mayor went to the City of Westminster on a barge via the River Thames. ... The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom, sometimes known as The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street or The Old Lady. The nearest London Underground station is Bank station. ...

Services Bow Street Runners Metropolitan Police Service London sewerage system The Bow Street Runners have been called Londons first professional constables. ... The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) (commonly referred to by its former official name of the Metropolitan Police, or colloquially as The Met; often referred to in legislation as the Police of the Metropolis) is the Home Office (territorial) police force responsible for Greater London, England, with the exception of the... In the early 19th Century the Thames was practically an open sewer, with disastrous consequences for public health in London. ...

Olympic Games 1908 · 1948 · 2012 London Portal For months before the Olympic Games, runners relay the Olympic Flame from Olympia to the opening ceremony. ... The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the IV Olympiad, were held in 1908 in London, England. ... The Games of the XIV Olympiad were held in 1948 at Wembley Stadium in London, England. ... Olympic Flags at Dorney Lake. ... This box: view • talk • edit

The Metropolitan Board of Works (MBW) was the principal instrument of London-wide government from 1855 until the establishment of the London County Council in 1889. Its principal responsibility was to provide infrastructure to cope with London's rapid growth, which it successfully accomplished. The MBW was an appointed rather than elected body. This lack of accountabillity made it unpopular with Londoners, especially in its latter years when it fell prey to corruption. London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ... London County Council emblem is still seen today on buildings, especially housing, from that era London County Council (LCC) was the principal local government body for the County of London from 1889 until 1965, when it was replaced by the Greater London Council. ...

Background

London's growth had rapidly accelerated with the increase in railway commuting from the 1830s onwards. However London's local government was chaotic, with hundreds of specialist authorities (few of them elected) representing parts of streets. All had to agree in order to provide services which crossed their boundaries. Events and Trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday Dutch-speaking farmers known as Voortrekkers emigrate northwards from the Cape Colony Croquet invented in Ireland Railroad construction begins in earnest in the United States Egba refugees fleeing the Yoruba civil wars found the city of Abeokuta in south-west Nigeria...

In 1835 elected municipal boroughs had been set up covering every major city except London. The City of London, only the very core of the sprawling metropolis, was untouched by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 and resisted all moves to expand its borders to include the poorer inner-city districts surrounding it. This meant that three counties had authority over the metropolitan area: Middlesex covered the area north of the Thames and west of the River Lee, Surrey the area to the south and south-west, and Kent the far south east. A borough is a political division originally used in England. ... Coat of arms The City of London is a small area in Greater London. ... The Municipal Reform Act 1835 required members of town councils (municipal corporations) to be elected by ratepayers and councils to publish their financial accounts. ... Middlesex is one of the 39 historic counties of England and the second smallest (after Rutland). ... Bow Creek (tidal) meets the Limehouse Cut (canal) with a view of Londons Docklands The River Lee or River Lea (both spellings are in general use) is a river in England. ... Surrey is a county in southern England, part of the South East England region and one of the Home Counties. ... Kent is a county in England, south-east of London. ...

In 1837 an attempt was made to set up a London-wide elected authority, however the wealthier districts of Marylebone and Westminster resisted this and ultimately defeated the move. In 1854 it was proposed to divide London in to seven boroughs, each represented on a Metropolitan Board of Works. The proposal to divide the city into boroughs was abandoned but the board of works was set up in 1855. Marylebone (sometimes written St. ... Westminster is a district within the City of Westminster in London. ...

Creation

In order to have a local body to coordinate local work to plan London, Parliament passed the Metropolis Management Act 1855 which created the Metropolitan Board of Works (which also took over the responsibilities of the short-lived Metropolitan Buildings Office and Metropolitan Commission of Sewers, established in 1845 and 1848 respectively). It was not to be a directly elected body, but instead to consist of members nominated by the vestries who were the principal local authorities. The larger vestries had two members and the City of London had three. In a few areas the vestries covered too small an area, and here they were merged into a district board for the purpose of nominating members to the MBW. There were 45 members, who would then elect a Chairman who was to become a member ex officio. The first nominations took place in December and the Board met first on December 22, 1855 where John Thwaites was elected as Chairman. The Metropolis Management Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. ... The Metropolitan Buildings Office was formed in 1845 to regulate the construction and use of buildings in the metropolitan area of London. ... The Metropolitan Commission of Sewers was one of Londons first steps towards bringing its sewer and drainage infrastructure under the control of a single public body. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A vestry is a room within or attached to a church which is used to store vestments and other items used in worship. ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Sir John Thwaites (May 24, 1815 - August 8, 1870) was a British politician who was the first Chairman of the Metropolitan Board of Works and therefore the first Leader of local government in London. ...

Activities

The Metropolitan Board of Work's headquarters in Spring Gardens near Trafalgar Square were designed by Frederick Marrable in 1858.

Image File history File linksMetadata Metropolitan_Board_of_Works_in_Spring_Gardens_1860_ILN.jpg Summary The headquarters of the Metropolitan Board of Works in Spring Gardens, London, England. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Metropolitan_Board_of_Works_in_Spring_Gardens_1860_ILN.jpg Summary The headquarters of the Metropolitan Board of Works in Spring Gardens, London, England. ... Trafalgar Square viewed from the northeast corner. ... Frederick Marrable (January 1819 – June 22, 1872 was a British architect who was notable as the first Chief Architect for the Metropolitan Board of Works, responsible for designing its headquarters. ...

Sewage

A major problem was sewage: most of London's waste was allowed to flow into the Thames resulting in a horrendous smell in the summer months. In 1855 and 1858 there were especially bad summers with the latter being known as "The Great Stink". A notable achievement of the Board was the creation of the core London sewerage system, including 75 miles (120 km) of main and 1000 miles (1650 km) of street sewers, which solved the problem. A large part of the work of the MBW was under the charge of the Chief Engineer, Joseph Bazalgette, previously engineer with the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers. Several places exist with the name Thames, and the word is also used as part of several brand and company names Most famous is the River Thames in England, on which the city of London stands Other Thames Rivers There is a Thames River in Canada There is a Thames... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Great Stink or The Big Stink was a time in the summer of 1858 during which the smell of untreated sewage almost overwhelmed people in central London. ... In the early 19th Century the Thames was practically an open sewer, with disastrous consequences for public health in London. ... Memorial to Sir Joseph Bazalgette on Victoria Embankment Sir Joseph William Bazalgette (28 March 1819 – 15 March 1891) was one of the great Victorian civil engineers. ...

Streets and bridges

Sir John Thwaites in 1858.

Its other activities included slum clearance, and the driving through of new streets to relieve traffic congestion. The most important streets built were Charing Cross Road, Garrick Street, Northumberland Avenue, Shaftesbury Avenue, and Southwark Street. From 1869 onwards the MBW acquired all the private bridges crossing the River Thames and freed them of tolls. It also rebuilt Putney Bridge, Battersea Bridge, Waterloo Bridge and Hammersmith Bridge. The Board wanted to build a new bridge to the east of London Bridge, which had been discussed for many years; in 1878 Bazalgette drew up plans which were estimated at costing £1.25 million. Despite the Treasury refusing to help by extending the coal and wine dues which paid for the Board, it went ahead with the plans, but saw its Private Bill rejected by the House of Commons. Image File history File linksMetadata SirJohnThwaites. ... Image File history File linksMetadata SirJohnThwaites. ... A boy from an East Cipinang trash dump slum in Jakarta, Indonesia shows his find. ... Charing Cross Road, London, looking North from its junction with Long Acre. ... Northumberland Avenue is a London street, running from Trafalgar Square in the west to The Embankment in the east. ... Shaftesbury Avenue is a major London street, named after Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, that runs in a north-easterly direction from Piccadilly Circus to New Oxford Street, crossing Charing Cross Road at Cambridge Circus. ... Southwark Street is a street in Southwark, London SE1, just south of the River Thames. ... The Thames (pronounced []) is a river flowing through southern England and connecting London with the sea. ... Putney Bridge Putney Bridge is a bridge crossing of the River Thames in west London, linking Putney on the south side with Fulham to the north. ... The Battersea Bridge with crowds along it watching the River Thames whale Battersea Bridge looking downstream from Chelsea. ... View of the old Waterloo Bridge from Whitehall stairs, John Constable, 18 June 1817 Waterloo Bridge. ... Hammersmith Bridge is a crossing of the River Thames in west London, just south of the Hammersmith town centre area of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham on the north side of the river. ... London Bridge at 0800. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... A private bill is the term used for legislation that originates from a particular member of a legislature or parliament or from a member of the public. ... The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ...

Embankment

The Board also created the three section Thames Embankment from 1864. Victoria Embankment, London The Victoria Embankment, previously the Thames Embankment is a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in London in the cities of Westminster and London. ...

Organisation

James Macnaghten Hogg in 1887.

The MBW at first had its meetings in the Guildhall of the City of London and its headquarters at Greek Street in Soho. It then built its own headquarters at Spring Gardens, (which became a metonym for the MBW), designed by its first chief architect Frederick Marrable and built in an Italianate style in 1859. When John Thwaites died (August 8, 1870), he was eventually replaced by James Macnaghten Hogg, later Lord Magheramorne, who remained Chairman until the MBW was abolished. There was an increase in the membership to 59 in 1885 when some district boards were divided and others were given more members. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (704x835, 221 KB) en:James Macnaghten McGarel-Hogg, 1st Baron Magheramorne (1823-1890), Chairman of the en:Metropolitan Board of Works. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (704x835, 221 KB) en:James Macnaghten McGarel-Hogg, 1st Baron Magheramorne (1823-1890), Chairman of the en:Metropolitan Board of Works. ... Soho is an area of central Londons West End in the borough the City of Westminster. ... In rhetoric, metonymy (from Greek beyond/changed and , a suffix used to name figures of speech from name (OED)) (IPA //) is the substitution of one word for another with which it is associated. ... Architect at his drawing board, 1893 An architect is a person involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... Frederick Marrable (January 1819 – June 22, 1872 was a British architect who was notable as the first Chief Architect for the Metropolitan Board of Works, responsible for designing its headquarters. ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... James Macnaghten McGarel-Hogg, 1st Baron Magheramorne (May 3, 1823 - June 27, 1890) was a British politician, Member of Parliament, and local government leader. ...

Scandals

However the MBW had very little affection from the people of London. Its status as a joint board insulated its members from any influence of popular opinion, though all property-owners had to pay for its work as part of their local government rates. Worse, the very many building contracts issued by the MBW made membership of it desirable for anyone wishing to bid for them. The MBW took most of its decisions in secret. There were a succession of corruption scandals in the late 1880s, which led to a Royal Commission investigation. By this time, the public had dubbed the MBW as the "Metropolitan Board of Perks". There is no single system of local government in the United Kingdom. ... Rates are a form of taxation system in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, such as New Zealand, historically used to fund local government. ... In states that are Commonwealth Realms a Royal Commission is a major government public inquiry into an issue. ...

The essence of the scandal arose from the purchase by the MBW of the old Pavilion music hall in Piccadilly Circus in 1879, when the site was thought necessary for the construction of Shaftesbury Avenue. As the street was still in the early stage, the site was leased to music hall proprietor R.E. Villiers for the time being. In addition to his regular payment to the Board, Villiers paid a small sub rosa amount to F.W. Goddard, who was Chief Valuer for the Board, for favorable treatment. Facade of the London Pavilion in 2002 The London Pavilion is a building located on the corner of Shaftesbury Avenue and Coventry Street in the northeast of Piccadilly Circus in London. ... Music Hall is a form of British theatrical entertainment which reached its peak of popularity between 1850 and 1960. ... Piccadilly Circus is a famous traffic intersection and public space of Londons West End in the City of Westminster. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Shaftesbury Avenue is a major London street, named after Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, that runs in a north-easterly direction from Piccadilly Circus to New Oxford Street, crossing Charing Cross Road at Cambridge Circus. ...

In 1883, it seemed likely that demolition of the site for road construction was likely to take place, and Villiers met with Goddard and Thomas James Robertson (Assistant Surveyor) to ensure that the remainder of the site was granted to him for a new Pavilion. They agreed to help him, in return for one corner of the site being a public house under the landlordship of W.W. Grey. Grey was in fact the brother of Robertson, though this was of course not immediately apparent. 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

In November 1884 Robertson told Villiers that the time had come to make a formal offer to the MBW to lease the site, and Villiers duly offered £2,700 ground rent per annum. The Board instructed its superintending architect, George Vulliamy, to value the site: however, Vulliamy was old and left practically all of the work to his subordinates – Goddard and Robertson (it was said by the Deputy Chairman of the Board that "Mr. Goddard and Mr. Robertson were Mr. Vulliamy"). They prepared a report valuing the site at £3,000 per annum, which Villiers immediately accepted; this was then hurriedly pushed through the Board which agreed the lease despite a higher offer of £4,000. 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The site was leased off in two portions, £2,650 for the largest part, and £350 for the western corner of the site. Goddard continued to collect his extra payments from Villiers, and the western corner was transferred to Grey – who sold his existing public house on Tichborn Street and divided the £10,000 profit between Goddard and Robertson. In December 1886, Villiers sold the Pavilion, and Goddard received a total of £5,000 of the proceeds. 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ...

Subsidiary corruption

For years, vague hints had been made that the Board tended to encourage those applying for leases to employ members of the Board as architects. In particular, James Ebenezer Saunders had been appointed as chief architect on the Pavilion, and on the Grand Hotel and Metropole Hotel on Northumberland Avenue, both on land owned by the Board, and had done little actual work. Francis Hayman Fowler, although he had done much other work as a Board member, had taken money from site owners and lessees in circumstances which clearly indicated bribery. Northumberland Avenue is a London street, running from Trafalgar Square in the west to The Embankment in the east. ...

On a more base level, the Assistant Architect at the Board, John Hebb, had responsibility for inspecting theatres for safety. He began to write to the managers of theatres with upcoming inspections to suggest that they might want to send him free tickets. Given the power of the board to close theatres, most complied. However, displeased by the inspections themselves, and by the attempt to extract gifts, the managers tended to send Hebb tickets for seats that were at the back of the house or hidden behind a pillar.

Royal Commission

The Goddard-Robertson scandal was revealed by a series of articles in the Financial News beginning on October 25, 1886. The Board itself undertook an incompetent investigation under the Chairmanship of Magheramorne, which found Robertson was "injudicious in allowing relatives to become tenants of the Board without informing the Board" but could not find anything worthy "of more severe censure". Anti-Board campaigners were not pleased and kept up the pressure. On the motion of Lord Randolph Churchill (who represented Paddington South where anti-Board feeling was at its highest), the House of Commons voted on February 16, 1888 to establish a Royal Commission to inquire into the Board. This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 67 days remaining. ... 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... Lord Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill Lord Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill (13 February 1849 – 24 January 1895) was a British statesman. ... Paddington South was a Parliamentary constituency in London which returned one Member of Parliament. ... The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ...

The Commission was headed by Lord Herschell and found the main allegations of the Financial News to have been correct, and indeed understated. Some other scandals were also discovered including the corruption of architects who were members of the Board. However, the Commission repudiated the view of critics that corruption was endemic in the Board. Farrer Herschell, 1st Baron Herschell (November 2, 1837 - March 1, 1899) was Lord Chancellor of Great Britain in 1886, and again from 1892 to 1895. ...

Replacement

While the Royal Commission was still preparing its hearings, the President of the Local Government Board Charles Ritchie announced that elected County Councils were to be created throughout the United Kingdom. Almost hidden in the Bill were clauses that separated the area of the MBW from the counties of Surrey, Middlesex and Kent and created it as the County of London. This decision was in general what the anti-Board campaigners of the London Municipal Reform League had called for. The President of the Local Government Board was a ministerial post, frequently a Cabinet position, in the United Kingdom, established in 1871. ... Charles Thomson Ritchie, 1st Baron Ritchie (1838-British politician. ... In the British Isles, a county council is a council that governs a county. ... Surrey is a county in southern England, part of the South East England region and one of the Home Counties. ... Middlesex is one of the 39 historic counties of England and the second smallest (after Rutland). ... Kent is a county in England, south-east of London. ...

Abolition

The last weeks of the MBW were its most inglorious period. The London County Council had been elected on January 21, 1889 with April 1 set as the date it would assume its powers. With the MBW a lame duck but the LCC liable for any of its long-term decisions, the MBW started awarding large pensions to its retiring officers and large salaries to those who would transfer. The MBW then decided to allow the Samaritan Hospital in Marylebone to use an additional 12 feet of pavement, which the LCC opposed. The LCC wrote to the MBW asking it not to take the decision; the MBW did not reply and gave the permission. January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... Marylebone (sometimes written St. ...

Finally, the MBW received the tenders for the Blackwall Tunnel and decided to take a decision to award the contract at its final meeting. The LCC again wrote asking the MBW to leave the decision to them. The Chairman of the MBW replied (March 18, 1889) that it intended to continue. At this the LCC decided to appeal to the Government which exercised its power to abolish the MBW and bring the LCC into existence on March 21, 1889. The Blackwall Tunnel is the name given to a pair of road tunnels underneath the River Thames in east London, linking the London Borough of Greenwich with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. ... March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81st in leap years). ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Reputation

The magazine Punch printed a cartoon to mark the abolition of the MBW entitled 'Peace to its Hashes', representing the MBW by a black suit of armour (ie blackmail). The citation lauded the MBW for showing 'how jobbery may be elevated to the level of the fine arts'. Punch was a British weekly magazine of humour and satire published from 1841 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002. ... For other uses, see Blackmail (disambiguation). ...

The MBW's headquarters were taken over by the London County Council as its headquarters until County Hall was built and occupied in 1922; the building was then renamed 'Old County Hall' and continued as a subsidiary office for the LCC until the original hundred-year lease on the site expired in 1958. It was subsequently used for central government offices and demolished in 1971 to make way for a new headquarters for the British Council. The site is adjacent to Admiralty Arch, off The Mall. County Hall County Hall is a building in Lambeth, London, that was the headquarters of London County Council and later the Greater London Council (GLC). ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... The British Council is a partly UK Government-funded cultural relations organisation and a registered charity in the United Kingdom. ... Categories: Stub | Monuments in London | National government buildings in London | Memorials ... The Mall refers to famous sites in more than one country. ...

Chairmen of the Metropolitan Board of Works

• Sir John Thwaites 1855-1870
• James Macnaghten Hogg 1870-1889

Sir John Thwaites (May 24, 1815 - August 8, 1870) was a British politician who was the first Chairman of the Metropolitan Board of Works and therefore the first Leader of local government in London. ... James Macnaghten McGarel-Hogg, 1st Baron Magheramorne (May 3, 1823 - June 27, 1890) was a British politician, Member of Parliament, and local government leader. ...

References

• 'Professionalism, Patronage and Public Service in Victorian London: The Staff of the Metropolitan Board of Works, 1856-1889' by Gloria Clifton (Athlone Press, London, 1992)
• 'The Government of Victorian London, 1855-1889: The Metropolitan Board of Works, the Vestries, and the City Corporation' by David Owen (Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, 1982)