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Encyclopedia > Miami, Florida

Updated 56 days 8 hours 35 minutes ago.
City of Miami
Miami's skyline in January 2008
Miami's skyline in January 2008
Flag of City of Miami
Flag
Official seal of City of Miami
Seal
Nickname: The Magic City
Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida
U.S. Census Bureau map showing city limits
U.S. Census Bureau map showing city limits
Coordinates: 25°47′16″N 80°13′27″W / 25.78778, -80.22417
Country United States of America
State Florida
County Miami-Dade
Incorporated July 28, 1896
Government
 - Type Mayor-Commissioner Plan
 - Mayor Manny Diaz (I)
 - City Manager Pedro G. Hernandez
 - City Attorney Jorge L. Fernandez
 - City Clerk Priscilla Thompson
Area
 - City 55.27 sq mi (143.15 km²)
 - Land 35.68 sq mi (92.42 km²)
 - Water 19.59 sq mi (50.73 km²)
Elevation ft (2 m)
Population (2006)
 - City 404,048
 - Density 11,554/sq mi (3,923.5/km²)
 - Urban 4,919,036
 - Metro 5,463,857
 - Demonym Miamian
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
Area code(s) 305, 786
FIPS code 12-45000[1]
GNIS feature ID 0295004[2]
Website: http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/

Miami (pronounced maɪˈæmi or maɪˈæmə) is a major city in southeastern Florida, in the United States. It is the county seat of Miami-Dade County. Miami is a global city[3] with an estimated population of 404,048. It is the largest city within the South Florida metropolitan area, which is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States with 5.5 million people. Miami and its surrounding cities make up the fifth largest urban area in the United States.[4] As of 2005, the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the fourth largest in the United States, and the 44th largest in the world.[5] The Miami are a Native American tribe originally found in Indiana and Ohio, and now living also in Oklahoma. ... Miami usually refers to the city of Miami, Florida. ... Image File history File links Miami_Florida_city_flag. ... Seal of Miami This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... EXAMPLE:Laughbox,Blondie,BamBam,Pinkie,etc. ... Magic City is a nickname of several cities, usually commemorating a remarkable growth in size over a short time. ... Image File history File links Miami-Dade_County_Florida_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Miami_Highlighted. ... Miami-Dade County (formerly known as Dade County and many times referred to as simply Miami) is a county located in the southeastern part of the state of Florida. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The political units and divisions of the United States include: The 50 states... Image File history File links Flag_of_Florida. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... Following is a list of counties in Florida. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Miami-Dade County (formerly known as Dade County and many times referred to as simply Miami) is a county located in the southeastern part of the state of Florida. ... A Municipal Corporation is a legal defintion for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, and towns. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Manuel Alberto Diaz (November 5, 1954 in Havana, Cuba) is the current mayor of the City of Miami, Florida, the 45th largest city in the United States and the second most populated city in the state of Florida, after Jacksonville. ... Not to be confused with Independent Party or Independence Party. ... The council-manager government is one of 2 main variations of representative municipal government (for contrast, also see Mayor-Council government). ... In the United States, a city clerk as an elected or appointed official who is charged with the responsibility of being the official keeper of the municipal records. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Cities with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Metronome, a public art installation showing the time in New York City The Eastern Time Zone (ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of Northern America and the west coast of South America. ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Eastern Daylight Time or EDT is equal to: In North America, Eastern Standard Time + 1, or UTC − 4 hours. ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating telephone number ranges to countries, regions, areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks such as mobile phone networks. ... Area code 305 is the default area code in Florida for all of Miami-Dade County and for the Florida Keys, including Miami and Key West. ... Area code 305 was the default area code in the state of Florida, and still currently serves all of Miami-Dade County and the Florida Keys, including Miami and Key West. ... Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the U.S. Federal government for use by all (non-military) government agencies and by government contractors. ... GNIS (The Geographic Names Information System) contains name and locative information about almost two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county, primarily used in the United States. ... Miami-Dade County (formerly known as Dade County and many times referred to as simply Miami) is a county located in the southeastern part of the state of Florida. ... “World city” redirects here. ... The Miami Urbanized Area stretches along the Atlantic Coast for most of the length of the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach Metropolitan Area, but is confined to a relatively narrow area between the coast and the Everglades. ... In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas. ... The US Southeast is the eastern portion of the Southern United States, but the Census Bureau does not provide a standard definition of a Southeast region of the United States, and organizations that need to subdivide the US are free to define a Southeast region to fit their needs. ... Urban areas in the United States are defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as contiguous census block groups with a population density of at least 1,000 per square mile (about 400 per square km). ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... Metropolitan areas with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 This is a list of the 100 largest urban agglomerations in the world according to the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects report (2005 revision). ...


Miami’s importance as an international financial and cultural center has elevated Miami to the status of world city. Because of Miami’s cultural and linguistic ties to North, South, and Central America, as well as the Caribbean, Miami is many times referred to as “The Gateway of the Americas”. Florida’s large Spanish-speaking population and strong economic ties to Latin America also make Miami and the surrounding region an important financial center of the Hispanic world. London New York City Paris Tokyo A global city (also known as a world city or world-class city) is a city with a somewhat subjective set of traits, some of which are listed below. ... North American redirects here. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... For other uses, see Central America (disambiguation). ... West Indies redirects here. ... World map showing the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere historically considered to consist of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...  Countries where Spanish has official status. ...


Miami is also home to one of the largest, most influential ports in the United States, the Port of Miami. The port is often called the “Cruise Capital of the World” and the “Cargo Gateway of the Americas”. It has retained its status as the number one cruise/passenger port in the world for well over a decade accommodating the largest cruise ships and the major cruise lines. Port of Miami is the debut album by Miami rapper Rick Ross. ...


As of 2008, Miami is undergoing a massive building boom that ranks second worldwide (and first in the United States) for the most buildings under construction that will be over 492 feet (150 m), with over 24 of such buildings currently under construction. Miami’s skyline also currently ranks third in the U.S. behind Chicago and New York City (and 18th in the world) according to the 2006 Almanac of Architecture and Design.[6] Including other nearby neighborhoods and cities, the Miami area has over 80 highrise towers under construction, such as the Biscayne Wall in Downtown Miami, a row of skyscrapers being built along the west side of Biscayne Boulevard. Miami currently has the five tallest skyscrapers in the state of Florida with the tallest being the Four Seasons Hotel & Tower.[7] For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Construction of the Biscayne Wall in downtown Miami in October 2006. ... Downtown Miami, is the central business district of Miami-Dade County and Miami, Florida. ... Stretch of Biscayne Boulevard looking south, just north of downtown Miami. ... The Four Seasons Hotel & Tower in Miami, Florida is the tallest building south of Atlanta and the tallest building in Florida and Miami, at a height of 242m. ...

Contents

[edit] History

Approximately 400 men voted for Miami’s incorporation in 1896 in the building to the left.
Approximately 400 men voted for Miami’s incorporation in 1896 in the building to the left.
The Collins Bridge, built in 1913, was the first bridge to connect Miami to Miami Beach.
The Collins Bridge, built in 1913, was the first bridge to connect Miami to Miami Beach.

Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28, 1896,[8] though the area was first inhabited for more than a thousand years by the Tequesta Indians and was claimed for Spain in 1566 by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés. A Spanish mission was established a year later in 1567. In 1836 Fort Dallas was built and subsequently, was a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. In the 1920s, Miami prospered through the Florida Land Boom of the 1920's with an increase in population and infrastructure. By 1940, 172,172 people lived in the city and Miami had grown to become a large, growing city. Image File history File links MiamiAvenue1896. ... Image File history File links MiamiAvenue1896. ... Collins Bridge across Biscayne Bay between Miami and Miami Beach, Florida opened in 1913 as the longest wooden bridge in the world. ... Location in Miami-Dade and the state of Florida. ... Miami Avenue in 1896 The area in which the city of Miami, Florida would later be founded by Europeans was inhabited for more than a thousand years by the Tequesta Indians. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Approximate territory of the Tequesta in the 16th Century The Tequesta (also Tekesta, Tegesta, Chequesta, Vizcaynos) Native American tribe, at the time of first European contact, occupied an area along the Atlantic coast of Florida in what are now Broward and Miami-Dade Counties. ... Don Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, the founder of Saint Augustine, Florida Pedro Menéndez de Avilés (February 15, 1519 - September 17, 1574), was a sixteenth century Spanish admiral and pirate hunter, known most notably for his founding of St. ... A Mission station is a location for missionary work. ... Fort Dallas circa 1930 photo from Florida Photographic Collection Fort Dallas was established on the plantation of William English in 1836 as an United States military post and cantonment in southern Florida during the Seminole Wars. ... Combatants United States Seminole Commanders Andrew Jackson Osceola The Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three wars or conflicts in Florida between various groups of Indians collectively known as Seminoles and the United States. ... Arial photo of Miami dated 1927, with the newly-constructed Venetian Islands visible as well as the beginning of the doomed Isola di Lolando project. ...


The Miami area was better known as “Biscayne Bay Country” in the early years of its growth. Some published reports described the area as a promising wilderness.[9] The area was also characterized as “one of the finest building sites in Florida.”[10] However, the Great Freeze of 1894 changed all that when the crops of the Miami area were the only ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower, convinced Henry Flagler, a railroad tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railroad to Miami. On July 28, 1896, Miami was officially incorporated as a city with a population of just over 300. Julia Tuttle photo from Florida Photographic Collection Julia DeForest (née Sturtevant) Tuttle, (c. ... For other uses, see Citrus (disambiguation). ... Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 – May 20, 1913) was a United States tycoon, real estate promoter, railroad developer and Rockefeller partner. ... The Florida East Coast Railway (AAR reporting mark FEC) is a Class II railroad operating in the US state of Florida; in the past, it has been a Class I railroad. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ...


Miami prospered during the 1920s but weakened after the collapse of the Florida Land Boom of the 1920s, the 1926 Miami Hurricane and the Great Depression in the 1930s. When World War II began, Miami, well-situated due to its location on the southern coast of Florida, played an important role in the battle against German submarines. The war helped to expand Miami’s population to almost half a million. After Fidel Castro rose to power in 1959, many Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. In the 1980s and 1990s, various crises struck South Florida, among them the Arthur McDuffie beating and the subsequent riot, drug wars, Hurricane Andrew, and the Elián González uproar. Miami remains a major international, financial, and cultural center. Arial photo of Miami dated 1927, with the newly-constructed Venetian Islands visible as well as the beginning of the doomed Isola di Lolando project. ... Lowest pressure 935 mbar (hPa; 27. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... U-boat is also a nickname for some diesel locomotives built by GE; see List of GE locomotives October 1939. ... Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ... Arthur McDuffie (died 1979) was an African American, whose death at the hands of Miami, Florida police caused one of the worst riots in United States history. ... Lowest pressure 922 mbar (hPa; 27. ... Elián González (born December 6, 1993) was at the center of a heated custody and immigration battle in 2000 involving the Cuban and United States governments, his father, his Miami and Cuban relatives, and the Cuban American community of Miami. ...


Miami and its metro area grew from just over one thousand residents to nearly five and a half million residents in just 110 years (1896-2006). The city’s nickname, The Magic City, comes from this rapid growth. Winter visitors remarked that the city grew so much from one year to the next that it was like magic.[11] Miami is the only major city in the United States founded by a woman, Julia Tuttle.[12] Julia Tuttle photo from Florida Photographic Collection Julia DeForest (née Sturtevant) Tuttle, (c. ...


[edit] Geography

Downtown Miami skyline as seen from Miami Beach in August 2007
Midtown Miami skyline as seen from Miami Beach in January 2008
Midtown Miami skyline as seen from Miami Beach in January 2008

At only 35.68 square miles (92 km²) of land area, Miami has the smallest land area of any major U.S. city with a metro area of at least 2.5 million people. The city proper is home to less than 1 in 13 residents of the South Florida Metro Area. Additionally, 52% of Miami-Dade County’s population doesn't live in any incorporated city. Miami is the only major city in the United States bordered by two national parks, Everglades National Park on the west, and Biscayne National Park on the east. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 105 pixelsFull resolution (2560 × 336 pixel, file size: 724 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Digital photo taken by Marc Averette. ... Downtown Miami, is the central business district of Miami-Dade County and Miami, Florida. ... Location in Miami-Dade and the state of Florida. ... Midtown as of 3/18/2007. ... Location in Miami-Dade and the state of Florida. ... Everglades National Park preserves the southern portion of the Everglades (all south of Tamiami Trail), but represents only 20 % of the original wetland area. ... Biscayne National Park is a U.S. National Park located in southern Florida, due east of Homestead, FL. The park preserves Biscayne Bay, one of the top scuba diving areas in the United States. ...


Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east that also extends from Florida Bay north to Lake Okeechobee. The elevation of the area never rises above 40 ft (12 m)[13] and averages at around 6 ft (2 m)[14] above mean sea level in most neighborhoods, especially near the coast. The highest undulations are found along the coastal Miami Rock Ridge, whose substrate underlies most of the eastern Miami metropolitan region. The main portion of the city lies on the shores of Biscayne Bay which contains several hundred natural and artificially-created barrier islands, the largest of which contains the city of Miami Beach and its famous South Beach district. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, runs northward just 15 miles (24.1 km) off the coast, allowing the city's climate to stay warm and mild all year. An Anhinga perched on the boardwalk railing The Florida Everglades is a subtropical marshland located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, specifically in parts of Monroe, Collier, Palm Beach, Miami-Dade, and Broward counties. ... Biscayne Bay separates Miami on the mainland from Miami Beach on the barrier islands of the Atlantic Ocean coast of Florida. ... Florida Bay is the shallow bay located between the southern end of the Florida mainland (the Florida Everglades) and the Florida Keys. ... Lake Okeechobee from space, September 1988 View of Lake Okeechobee from Pahokee. ... The Miami Rock Ridge is a continuous limestone outcropping which formerly encompassed a large extent of far southern Florida, including portions of the Everglades ecosystem. ... In geography, a bar is a linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. ... Location in Miami-Dade and the state of Florida. ... South Beach A portion of the southern part of the South Beach skyline as seen from Biscayne Bay. ... For the album by Ocean Colour Scene, see North Atlantic Drift (album) The Gulf Stream is orange and yellow in this representation of water temperatures of the Atlantic. ... Ocean currents (1911) Ocean currents (1943) An ocean current is any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earths oceans. ...


[edit] Geology

View from one of the high points in Miami, west of downtown. The western part of the city, Little Havana, has points as high as 20 feet (6.1 m) above sea level.Photo: Marc Averette
View from one of the high points in Miami, west of downtown. The western part of the city, Little Havana, has points as high as 20 feet (6.1 m) above sea level.[15]Photo: Marc Averette

The surface bedrock under the Miami area is called Miami oolite or Miami limestone. This bedrock is covered by a thin layer of soil, and is no more than 50 feet (15 m) thick. Miami limestone formed as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent glaciations or ice ages. Beginning some 130,000 years ago the Sangamon interglacial raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet (7.5 m.) above the current level. All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea. Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida plateau, stretching from the present Miami area to what is now the Dry Tortugas. The area behind this reef line was in effect a large lagoon, and the Miami limestone formed throughout the area from the deposition of oolites and the shells of bryozoans. Starting about 100,000 years ago the Wisconsin glaciation began lowering sea levels, exposing the floor of the lagoon. By 15,000 years ago, the sea level had dropped to 300 to 350 feet (110 m) below the contemporary level. The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4000 years ago, leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 700 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1693 × 1451 pixel, file size: 663 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Digital photo taken by Marc Averette. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 700 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1693 × 1451 pixel, file size: 663 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Digital photo taken by Marc Averette. ... Beginning of Calle Ocho (SW 8th St) in Miami just east of SW 27th Avenue, where 8th Street becomes one-way eastbound. ... For other uses, see Oolite (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Limestone (disambiguation). ... A glaciation (a created composite term meaning Glacial Period, referring to the Period or Era of, as well as the process of High Glacial Activity), often called an ice age, is a geological phenomenon in which massive ice sheets form in the Arctic and Antarctic and advance toward the equator. ... Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the Vostok ice core over the last 400 000 years For the animated movie, see Ice Age (movie). ... Two ice core temperature records; the Eemian is at a depth of about 1500-1800 meters in the lower graph The Eemian interglacial era (known as the Sangamon interglacial in North America, the Ipswichian interglacial in the UK, and the Riss-Würm interglacial in the Alps) is the second... For other meanings, see Plateau (disambiguation). ... Dry Tortugas overview map The Dry Tortugas are a small group of islands, located at the end of the Florida Keys, USA, about west of Key West, and west of the Marquesas Keys, at , the closest islands. ... For other uses, see Oolite (disambiguation). ... Fossilized Bryozoa, Ordovician limestone, Batavia, Ohio Bryozoans (moss animals) are tiny colonial animals that generally build stony skeletons of calcium carbonate, superficially similar to coral. ... The Wisconsin (in North America), Devensian (in the British Isles), Midlandian (in Ireland), Würm (in the Alps), and Weichsel (in northern central Europe) glaciations are the most recent glaciations of the Pleistocene epoch, which ended around 10,000 BCE. The general glacial advance began about 70,000 BCE, and... This article is about the geomorphological/geopolitical term; MAINLAND is also a cheese brand owned by Fonterra, a New Zealand dairy company. ...


Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer,[16] a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the South Florida metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20ft (4.57 to 6.1 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction. For this reason there is no subway system in Miami. Biscayne Aquifer is a body of permeable rock under South Florida that is South Florida’s primary source of drinking water. ... Palm Beach County is a county located in the state of Florida. ... Florida Bay is the shallow bay located between the southern end of the Florida mainland (the Florida Everglades) and the Florida Keys. ... Miami Springs is a city located in Miami-Dade County, Florida. ... Nickname: Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida. ... The Miami Urbanized Area stretches along the Atlantic Coast for most of the length of the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach Metropolitan Area, but is confined to a relatively narrow area between the coast and the Everglades. ...


Most of the western fringes of the city extend into the Everglades, a subtropical marshland located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida. This causes occasional problems with local wildlife such as alligators venturing into Miami communities and major highways. Map of the Everglades ecoregion as delineated by the WWF. Satellite image from NASA. The yellow line encloses two ecoregions, the Everglades and the South Florida rocklands. The South Florida rocklands ecoregion includes the Florida Keys and offshore islands and two patches within the Everglades. ... Subtropical (or semitropical) areas are those adjacent to the tropics, usually roughly defined as the ranges 23. ... This article is about marsh, a type of wetland. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... restoring version with Binomial name (Daudin, 1801) American Alligator range map The American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is one of the two living species of Alligator, a genus within the family Alligatoridae. ...


In terms of land area, Miami is one of the smallest major cities in the United States. According to the US Census Bureau, the city encompasses a total area of 55.27 mi² (143.15 km²). Of that area, 35.67 mi² (92.68 km²) is land and 19.59 mi² (50.73 km²) is water. That means Miami comprises over 400,000 people in a mere 35 square miles (91 km²), making it one of the most densely populated cities in the United States, along with New York City, San Francisco, and Chicago among others. Miami is located at 25°47′16″N, 80°13′27″W.[17] The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ...


[edit] Climate

Typical summer afternoon shower rolling in from the EvergladesPhoto: Marc Averette
Typical summer afternoon shower rolling in from the EvergladesPhoto: Marc Averette
A typical winter day in downtown Miami
A typical winter day in downtown Miami

Miami has a true tropical climate (Köppen climate classification Aw),[18] with hot, humid summers, and cool, dry winters. The city does experience cold fronts from November through March. However, the average monthly temperature for any month has never been recorded as being under 64.4 °F (January averages 67 °F).[19] Most of the year is warm and humid, and the summers are almost identical to the climate of the Caribbean tropics. In addition, the city gets most of its rain in the summer (wet season) and is relatively dry and cool in winter (dry season). The wet season, which is hot and humid, lasts from May to October, when it gives way to the dry season, which features mild temperatures with some invasions of colder air, which is when the little winter rainfall occurs — with the passing of a front. The hurricane season largely coincides with the wet season. Map of the Everglades ecoregion as delineated by the WWF. Satellite image from NASA. The yellow line encloses two ecoregions, the Everglades and the South Florida rocklands. The South Florida rocklands ecoregion includes the Florida Keys and offshore islands and two patches within the Everglades. ... Naples beach in Florida lined with coconut trees is an example of a tropical climate. ... The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. ... The following is a list of Atlantic hurricane seasons. ...


In addition to its sea-level elevation, coastal location and position just above the Tropic of Cancer, the area owes its warm, humid climate to the Gulf Stream, which moderates climate year-round. A typical summer day does not have temperatures below 75 °F (24 °C). Temperatures in the high 80s to low 90s (30-35 °C) accompanied by high humidity are often relieved by afternoon thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean, which then allow lower temperatures, although conditions still remain very muggy. During winter, humidity is significantly lower, allowing for cooler weather to develop. Average minimum temperatures during that time are around 60 °F (15 °C), rarely dipping below 40 °F (4 °C), and the equivalent maxima usually range between 65 and 75 °F (18-24 °C). Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... For the novel by Henry Miller, see Tropic of Cancer (novel). ... For the album by Ocean Colour Scene, see North Atlantic Drift (album) The Gulf Stream is orange and yellow in this representation of water temperatures of the Atlantic. ... A shelf cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, The Netherlands. ... For other uses, see Sea Breeze. ...


Miami has never recorded a triple-digit temperature; the highest temperature recorded was 98 °F (37 °C).[20]. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the city of Miami was 30 °F (-1 °C) on several occasions.[21] Miami has only once recorded snowfall, on January 20, 1977. Weather conditions for the area around Miami were recorded sporadically from 1839 until 1900, with many years-long gaps. A cooperative temperature and rainfall recording site was established in what is now downtown Miami in December, 1900. An official Weather Bureau Office was opened in Miami in June, 1911.[22] For other uses, see Temperature (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Temperature (disambiguation). ... This page is about the form of precipitation. ... is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... The National Weather Service (NWS) is one of the six scientific agencies that make up the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States government. ...


Miami receives abundant rainfall, one of the highest among major U.S. cities. Most of this rainfall occurs from mid-May through early October. It receives annual rainfall of 58.6 inches (1488 mm),[23] whereas nearby Fort Lauderdale and Miami Beach receive 63.8 in (1621 mm) and 48.3 in (1227 mm), respectively, which demonstrates the high local variability in rainfall rates. Hurricane season officially runs from June 1 through November 30, although hurricanes can develop beyond those dates. The most likely time for Miami to be hit is during the peak of the Cape Verde season which is mid-August through the end of September.[24] Due to its location between two major bodies of water known for tropical activity, Miami is also statistically the most likely major city in the world to be struck by a hurricane, trailed closely by Nassau, Bahamas, and Havana, Cuba. Despite this, the city has been fortunate in not having a direct hit by a hurricane since Hurricane Cleo in 1964.[25] However, many other hurricanes have affected the city, including Betsy in 1965, Andrew in 1992, Irene in 1999, and Hurricanes Katrina and Wilma in 2005. In addition, a tropical depression in October of 2000 passed over the city, causing record rainfall and flooding. Locally, the storm is credited as the No Name Storm of 2000, though the depression went on to become Tropical Storm Leslie upon entering the Atlantic Ocean. Nickname: Coordinates: , Country State County Broward Established 27 March 1911 Government  - Type Commission-Manager  - Mayor Jim Naugle Area [1]  - City 36. ... Cyclone Catarina, a rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone viewed from the International Space Station on March 26, 2004 Hurricane and Typhoon redirect here. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses of Nassau, see Nassau (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of Cuba. ... This article is about the 1964 hurricane, there was also a Hurricane Cleo, which reached Category 5 but never hit land, during the 1958 Atlantic hurricane season. ... Hurricane Betsy was a powerful hurricane of the 1965 Atlantic hurricane season which caused enormous damage in the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana. ... Lowest pressure 922 mbar (hPa; 27. ... Hurricane Irene was the 9th tropical storm and the 6th hurricane from the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. ... This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 2005. ... Lowest pressure 882 mbar (hPa; 26. ... Lowest pressure 1006 mbar (hPa) Damages $950 million (2000 USD) $1 billion (2005 USD) Fatalities 3 indirect Areas affected Cuba, Florida, Bermuda, Newfoundland Part of the 2000 Atlantic hurricane season Tropical Storm Leslie was a weak tropical storm in October of the 2000 Atlantic hurricane season. ...

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Avg high °F (°C) 76
(24)
77
(25)
80
(26)
83
(28)
86
(30)
88
(31)
89
(31)
90
(32)
88
(31)
85
(29)
80
(26)
77
(25)
83
(28)
Avg low temperature °F (°C) 60
(15)
61
(16)
64
(17)
68
(20)
72
(22)
75
(23)
76
(24)
76
(24)
76
(24)
72
(22)
66
(18)
61
(16)
69
(20)
Rainfall in. (cm) 2.0
(5)
2.1
(5)
2.4
(6)
3.0
(7)
5.9
(14)
8.8
(22)
6.0
(15)
7.8
(19)
8.5
(21)
7.0
(17)
3.1
(7)
1.8
(4)
58.5
(148)
Source: Weatherbase

[edit] Economy

Downtown Miami and the Freedom Tower in February 2007. The ongoing high-rise construction throughout the city has inspired popular opinion suggesting Miami has become a prime example of “manhattanization”.
Downtown Miami and the Freedom Tower in February 2007. The ongoing high-rise construction throughout the city has inspired popular opinion suggesting Miami has become a prime example of “manhattanization”.

Miami is one of the country’s most important financial centers. It is the major center of regional commerce, and boasts a strong international business community. According to the ranking of world cities undertaken by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group & Network (GaWC) and based on the level of presence of global corporate service organizations, Miami is considered a “Gamma World City”. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 583 pixel Image in higher resolution (2985 × 2177 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 583 pixel Image in higher resolution (2985 × 2177 pixel, file size: 1. ... Downtown Miami, is the central business district of Miami-Dade County and Miami, Florida. ... Freedom Tower The Freedom Tower is a building in Miami, Florida, that serves as a memorial to Cuban immigration to the United States. ... The island of Manhattan, where the term manhattanization is derived. ... London New York City Paris Tokyo A global city (also known as a world city or world-class city) is a city with a somewhat subjective set of traits, some of which are listed below. ...


Because of its proximity to Latin America, Miami serves as the headquarters of Latin American operations for more than 1400 multinational corporations, including AIG, American Airlines, Cisco, Disney, Exxon, FedEx, Kraft Foods, Microsoft, Oracle, SBC Communications, Sony, and Visa International. Several large companies are headquartered in or around Miami, including but not limited to: Alienware, Bacardi, Brightstar Corporation, Burger King, Carnival Cruise Lines, Espírito Santo Financial Group, Greenberg Traurig, Interval International, Lennar, Norwegian Cruise Lines, Perry Ellis International, Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, Ryder Systems, Telefónica USA, TeleFutura, Telemundo, U.S. Century Bank, and World Fuel Services. Miami International Airport and the Port of Miami are among the nation’s busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. Additionally, downtown Miami has the largest concentration of international banks in the country. Miami was also the host city of the 2003 Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiations, and is one of the leading candidates to become the trading bloc's headquarters. American International Group, Inc. ... American Airlines, Inc. ... “Cisco” redirects here. ... Disney redirects here. ... This article is about the fuel brand. ... Federal Express redirects here. ... Kraft Foods Inc. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... Oracle Corporation (NASDAQ: ORCL) is one of the major companies developing database management systems (DBMS), tools for database development, middle-tier software, enterprise resource planning software (ERP), customer relationship management software (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) software. ... SBC Communications NYSE: SBC is an American telecommunications company based in San Antonio, Texas. ... Sony Corporation ) is a Japanese multinational corporation and one of the worlds largest media conglomerates with revenue of $66. ... VISA is a brand of credit card operated by the VISA International Service Association of San Francisco, California, USA owned by 21,000 financial institutions that issues and markets its own Visa products. ... Alienware is an American computer hardware company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dell Computer Corporation. ... The Cathedral Of Rum at the Distillery in Puerto Rico near San Juan. ... Brightstar Corporation, founded in 1997, is a U.S. based privately held corporation that provides logistical services and supply chain management within the wireless telecommunications industry. ... Burger King (NYSE: BKC), often abbreviated to BK, is a global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. ... Carnival Cruise Lines is a cruise line operating a large number of cruise ships. ... The Espírito Santo Financial Group is an international group of companies based in Portugal. ... Greenberg Traurig LLP is an international law firm with approximately 1,400 attorneys and governmental professionals in 31 locations in the United States, Europe and Asia, including strategic alliances. ... Interval International is an affiliated exchange company that arranges vacation exchanges for timeshare owners. ... Lennar Corporation is a Fortune 200 company based in Miami, Florida, United States. ... Norwegian Dawn passes Lower Manhattan on the way to Bermuda and the Bahamas. ... Perry Ellis International is a leading international marketer of clothing, offering a diverse portfolio of brands through multiple distribution channels. ... U.S. headquarters in Miami, Florida. ... Ryder NYSE: R is a popular truck rental and leasing company for companies distribution and supply chain efforts. ... Telefónica, S.A., (IBEX-35:TEF, Euronext: TEF, NYSE: TEF, LSE: TDE, FWB: TEF, TYO: 9481) is a Spanish telecommunications company. ... TeleFutura is a U.S. Spanish-language broadcast television network owned by Univision with headquarters in Miami, Florida. ... Telemundo is an American television network based in Hialeah, Florida. ... U.S. Century is one of the fastest-growing and best-capitalized community banks in the state of Florida. ... World Fuel Services is a Fortune 500 company that is based in Miami, Florida. ... , Destinations with direct service from Miami Miami International Airport (IATA: MIA, ICAO: KMIA, FAA LID: MIA) is a public airport located eight miles (13 km) northwest of the central business district of Miami, in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. ... Port of Miami is the debut album by Miami rapper Rick Ross. ... This article or section needs to be updated. ...

The Port of Miami, the largest container port in Florida, as well as the “Cruise Capital of the World” and “Cargo Gateway of the Americas”
The Port of Miami, the largest container port in Florida, as well as the “Cruise Capital of the World” and “Cargo Gateway of the Americas”

Tourism is also an important industry: the beaches of Greater Miami draw visitors from across the country and around the world, and the Art Deco nightclub district in South Beach (in Miami Beach) is widely regarded as one of the most glamorous in the world. However, it is important to note that Miami Beach is not a part of the city of Miami. Even major TV networks sometimes forget this, as when Good Morning America visited Miami Beach and Charles Gibson thanked the mayor of Miami (but he was standing next to the mayor of Miami Beach). In addition to these roles, Miami is also an industrial center, especially for stone quarrying and warehousing. Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Port of Miami is the debut album by Miami rapper Rick Ross. ... Asheville City Hall. ... South Beach A portion of the southern part of the South Beach skyline as seen from Biscayne Bay. ... Location in Miami-Dade and the state of Florida. ... Good Morning America is a weekday morning news show that is broadcast on the ABC television network. ... Charles Charlie Dewolf Gibson (born March 9, 1943) is an American media personality best known as co-anchor of Good Morning America on ABC from January 1987 to May 1998 and from January 1999 to June 28, 2006, a span of 19 years. ...


Miami is the home to the National Hurricane Center and the headquarters of the United States Southern Command, responsible for military operations in Central and South America. National Weather Service Logo The U.S. National Hurricane Center is the division of National Weather Services Tropical Prediction Center responsible for tracking and predicting the likely behavior of tropical depressions, tropical storms and hurricanes. ... USSOUTHCOM emblem The United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM, or informally: SOUTHCOM) is a Unified Combatant Command responsible for all United States military activities in Central America, South America, and the Caribbean basin (except Cuba and Puerto Rico, which are the responsibility of United States Northern Command). ...


Miami has also served as venue for legendary legal proceedings, most notably the $145 billion verdict leveled against the nation’s five largest cigarette manufacturers. This case was a class action on behalf of all afflicted Florida smokers and their families, represented by a prominent and successful Miami-raised husband and wife legal team, Stanley and Susan Rosenblatt.


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2004, Miami had the third highest incidence of family incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, making it the third poorest city in the USA, behind only Detroit, Michigan (ranked #1) and El Paso, Texas (ranked #2.) Miami is also one of the very few cities where its local government went bankrupt, in 2001.[26] A boy from an East Cipinang trash dump slum in Jakarta, Indonesia shows what he found. ... Detroit redirects here. ... El Paso redirects here. ...


Miami is also one of the least affordable places to live, with the median percentage of housing costs as a percentage of income was 42.8%; the national average was 27%. Miami ranks twelfth among least affordable cities for home ownership.[27]


In 2005, the Miami area witnessed its largest real estate boom since the 1920s. The newly created Midtown Miami, having well over a hundred approved construction projects, is an example of this.[28] As of 2007, however, the housing market has crashed and more than 23,000 condos are for sale and/or foreclosed.[29] The Miami metropolitan area foreclosures are up 82 percent from a year ago, and the Miami area ranks 8th worst in the nation in foreclosures.[30] Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings. ... Arial photo of Miami dated 1927, with the newly-constructed Venetian Islands visible as well as the beginning of the doomed Isola di Lolando project. ... Midtown as of 3/18/2007. ...


In August 2007, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development attempted to take control of Miami-Dade County’s housing agency, citing mismanagement of housing programs and a poor record keeping of the agency’s finances.[31] These attempts are halted, pending a ruling on a preliminary injunction request by the county; non-binding mediation has also been mandated over the issue.[32] The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, often abbreviated HUD, is a Cabinet department of the United States government. ...


[edit] Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop.  %±
1930 110,637
1940 172,172 55.6%
1950 249,276 44.8%