Michael Alexander Kirkwood Halliday (born 1925) is a linguist who developed an internationally influential grammar model, the systemic functional grammar (which also goes by the name of systemic functional linguistics [SFL]). In addition to English, the model has been applied to other languages, both Indo-European and non-Indo-European. 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... The following is a list of linguists, those who study linguistics. ... Systemic functional grammar (SFG) is a grammar model developed by Michael Halliday. ... The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many spoken in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and Central Asia. ...

Halliday was born and grew up in England. He took a BA Honours degree in Modern Chinese Language and Literature (Mandarin) at the University of London, then studied for three years in China (Peking University and Lingnan University), returning to take a PhD in Chinese Linguistics at Cambridge. Having taught Chinese for a number of years, he changed his field of specialisation to linguistics, and developed systemic functional grammar, elaborating on the foundations laid by his British teacher J. R. Firth and a group of influential European linguists of the early 20th century, the Prague School. His seminal paper on this model was published in 1961. He became the Professor of Linguistics at the University of London in 1965. In 1976 he moved to Australia as Foundation Professor of Linguistics at the University of Sydney, where he remained until he retired. He has worked in various regions of language study, both theoretical and applied, and has been especially concerned with applying the understanding of the basic principles of language to the theory and practices of education. He received the status of emeritus professor of the University of Sydney and Macquarie University, Sydney, in 1987, and is currently Distinguished Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong. With his seminal lecture "New Ways of Meaning: the Challenge to Applied Linguistics" held at the AILA conference in Saloniki (1990), he became one of the pioneers of eco-critical discourse analysis (a discipline of ecolinguistics). Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... The University of London is a federation of colleges and institutes which together constitute one of the worlds largest universities. ... Peking University (Traditional Chinese: 北京大學; Simplified Chinese: 北京大学; pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng Dàxué), colloquially known in Chinese as Beida (北大, BÄ›idà), was established in 1898, and is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China. ... Lingnan University can refer to two separate establishments: Lingnan University (Hong Kong) - a university in Hong Kong Lingnan University (Guangzhou) - a university in Guangzhou province in China This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Shown within Cambridgeshire Geography Status: City (1951) Region: East of England Admin. ... Linguistics is the scientific study of language. ... John Rupert Firth (1890, Keighley, Yorkshire - 1960), commonly known as J. R. Firth, was an English linguist. ... The Prague Linguistic Circle (Pražský lingvistický kroužek), or Prague School, developed methods of structuralist literary analysis during the years 1928-1939. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... The University of London is a federation of colleges and institutes which together constitute one of the worlds largest universities. ... The University of Sydney, established in Sydney in 1850, is the oldest university in Australia. ... The University of Sydney, established in Sydney in 1850, is the oldest university in Australia. ... Macquarie University is an Australian university located in Sydney. ... The University of Hong Kong (HKU ; Chinese: 香港大學; Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 daai6 hok6; Mandarin Pinyin: ) is the oldest tertiary institution in Hong Kong, China. ... Ecolinguistics A branch of linguistics which links ecology with the study of language. ...

Halliday (1975) identifies seven functions that language has for children in their early years. Children are motivated to acquire language because it serves certain purposes or functions for them. The first four functions help the child to satisfy physical, emotional and social needs. Halliday calls them instrumental, regulatory, interactional, and personal functions.

• Instrumental: This is when the child uses language to express their needs (e.g.'Want juice')
• Regulatory: This is where language is used to tell others what to do (e.g. 'Go away')
• Interactional: Here language is used to make contact with others and form relationships (e.g 'Love you, mummy')
• Personal: This is the use of language to express feelings, opinions and individual identity (e.g 'Me good girl')

The next three functions are heuristic, imaginative, and representational, all helping the child to come to terms with his or her environment.

• Heuristic: This is when language is used to gain knowledge about the environment (e.g. 'What the tractor doing?')
• Imaginative: Here language is used to tell stories and jokes, and to create an imaginary environment.
• Representational: The use of language to convey facts and information.

External links and references

• Systemic functional linguistics
• List of publications
• Alan Gardiner - A level study guide, English Language#

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