Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter, Lieutenant-Admiral of the United Provinces by Ferdinand Bol, painted 1667

Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter (24 March 1607 – 29 April 1676) is one of the most famous admirals in Dutch history. De Ruyter is most famous for his role in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century. He fought the English and French in these wars and scored several major victories, the best known probably being the Raid on the Medway. The pious De Ruyter was very much loved by his sailors and soldiers; from them his most significant nickname derived: Bestevaêr (older Dutch for 'grandfather'.) He is honoured by a statue in his birthplace Vlissingen, where he stands looking over the sea. Download high resolution version (700x804, 78 KB)Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter, 1607–1676, Lieutenant-Admiral-General of the United Provinces by Ferdinand Bol, painted 1667 The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with... Download high resolution version (700x804, 78 KB)Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter, 1607–1676, Lieutenant-Admiral-General of the United Provinces by Ferdinand Bol, painted 1667 The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with... Map of Dutch Republic by Joannes Janssonius United Netherlands redirects here. ... Ferdinand Bol (born in June 24, 1616 in Dordrecht - died August 24, 1680 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch artist, etcher, and draftsman. ... // Events January 20 - Poland cedes Kyiv, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge, and Poland lost its status as a Central European power. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1607 (MDCVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... For other uses, see Admiral (disambiguation). ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... The painting Dutch attack on the Medway, June 1667 by Pieter Cornelisz van Soest, painted c. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Monarch Queen Elizabeth II... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Flushing (Dutch Vlissingen) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the former island of Walcheren. ...

Early life

De Ruyter was born in 1607 in Flushing (Vlissingen) as the son of beer porter Adriaen Michielszoon and Aagje Jansdochter. Little is known about De Ruyter's early life, but he probably became a sailor at the age of 11. In 1622 he fought as a musketeer in the Dutch army under Maurice of Nassau against the Spaniards during the relief of Bergen-op-Zoom. That same year he rejoined the Dutch merchant fleet and steadily worked his way up. According to English sources he was active in Dublin between 1623 and 1631 as an agent for the Vlissingen-based merchant house of the Lampsins brothers. Although Dutch sources have no data about his whereabouts in those years, it is known that De Ruyter spoke Irish fluently. He would occasionally travel as supercargo to the Mediterranean or the Barbary Coast. In those years he usually referred to himself as "Machgyel Adriensoon", his name in the Zealandic dialect he spoke, not having yet adopted the name "De Ruyter". "De Ruyter" most probably was a nickname given to him. An explanation might be found in the meaning of the older Dutch verb ruyten or ruiten which means "to raid", something De Ruyter was known for to do as a privateer with the Lampsins ship Den Graeuwen Heynst. Vlissingen (help· info) (occasionally British English: Flushing) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the former island of Walcheren. ... Three types of mariners are seen here in the wheelhouse: a master, an able seaman, and a harbour pilot. ... Events January 1 - In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 is declared as the first day of the year, instead of March 25. ... For other uses of this term, see Musketeer (disambiguation). ... Maurice of Nassau (in Dutch Maurits van Nassau) (14 November 1567–23 April 1625), Prince of Orange (1618–1625), son of William the Silent and Princess Anna of Saxony, was born at the castle of Dillenburg. ... Bergen op Zoom is a municipality and a city in the southern Netherlands. ... Dublin city centre at night WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Statistics Province: Leinster County: Dáil Éireann: Dublin Central, Dublin North Central, Dublin North East, Dublin North West, Dublin South Central, Dublin South East European Parliament: Dublin Dialling Code: 01, +353 1 Postal District(s): D1-24, D6W Area: 114. ... Year 1623 (MDCXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... // Events February 5 - Roger Williams emigrates to Boston. ... Flushing (Dutch Vlissingen) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the former island of Walcheren. ... The Barbary Coast, or Barbary, was the term used by Europeans till the 19th century to refer to the coastal regions of what is now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. ... Zealandic (Zêeuws in Zeelandic, Zeeuws in Dutch) is a regional language spoken in the Dutch province of Zeeland and on the South Holland island of Goeree-Overflakkee. ... A privateer was a private ship (or its captain) authorized by a countrys government by letters of marque to attack foreign shipping. ...

In 1631 he married a farmer's daughter named Maayke Velders. The marriage lasted until the end of the year 1631 when Maayke died after giving birth to a daughter who followed her mother in death three weeks later. // Events February 5 - Roger Williams emigrates to Boston. ... // Events February 5 - Roger Williams emigrates to Boston. ...

In 1633 De Ruyter set sail for Jan Mayen Island serving as first mate on a fleet of five whalers. He repeated this action in 1634 and 1635. At this point he did not yet have a command of his own. In the summer of 1636 he remarried, this time to a daughter of a wealthy burgher named Neeltje Engels, who would give him four children. One of these died shortly after birth, the others were named Adriaen (1637), Neeltje (1639) and Aelken (1642). Events February 13 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. ... Jan Mayen Jan Mayen Island, a part of the Kingdom of Norway, is a 373-square-kilometer arctic volcanic island partly covered by glaciers and divided into two parts by a narrow isthmus. ... Disambiguation: The rank First Mate also refers to a executive officer The First Mate portrayed in Raiders of the Lost Ark The First Mate (????) is known as Simone Katangas closest companion in the Katanga Anthologies. ... The crew of the oceanographic research vessel Princesse Alice, of Albert Grimaldi (later Prince Albert I of Monaco) pose while flensing a catch. ... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... Events February 10 - The Académie française in Paris is expanded to become a national academy for the artistic elite. ... Year 1636 (MDCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Burgher can refer to: a title; in the European Middle Ages, a burgher was any freeman of a burgh or borough; or any inhabitant of a borough, a person who lives in town (in Dutch the word for citizen is burger and the German cognate is Bürger). ...

In the midst of this, in 1637, De Ruyter became captain of a private ship meant to hunt for raiders operating from Dunkirk who were preying on Dutch merchant shipping. He fulfilled this task until 1640. After sailing for a while as schipper (skipper) of a merchant vessel named de Vlissinge, he was contacted again by the Zeeland Admiralty to become captain of the Haze, a merchant ship turned man-of-war carrying 26 guns in a fleet under admiral Gijsels fighting the Spanish, teaming up with the Portuguese during their rebellion. Events February 3 - Tulipmania collapses in Netherlands by government order February 15 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor December 17 - Shimabara Rebellion erupts in Japan Pierre de Fermat makes a marginal claim to have proof of what would become known as Fermats last theorem. ... Look up raider in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses of Dunkirk or Dunkerque, see Dunkirk (disambiguation). ... Events December 1 - Portugal regains its independence from Spain and João IV of Portugal becomes king. ... Skipper can be: A person who has command of a boat or ship: see Skipper (boating). ... Capital Middelburg Queens Commissioner drs. ...

A Dutch fleet, with De Ruyter as third in command, beat back a Spanish-Dunkirker fleet in an action of Cape St Vincent 4 November 1641. After returning he bought his own ship, the Salamander, and between 1642 and 1652, he mainly traded and travelled to Morocco and the West Indies to amass wealth as a merchant. During this time his esteem grew among other Dutch captains as he would regularly free Christian slaves by redeeming them at his own expense. The Cabo de São Vicente (Cape St. ... is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events The Long Parliament passes a series of legislation designed to contain Charles Is absolutist tendencies. ... Events January 4 - Charles I attempts to arrest five leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ...

In 1650 De Ruyter's wife, who in 1649 had given him a second son named Engel, unexpectedly died. On 8 January 1652 he married the widow Anna van Gelder and decided the time had come to retire. He bought a house in Flushing, but his blissful family life would not last long. Year 1650 (MDCL) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ...

First Anglo-Dutch War

During the First Anglo-Dutch War (1652–1654), De Ruyter was asked to join the expanding fleet as a subcommander of a Zealandic squadron of "director's ships": privately financed warships. After initially refusing and stating he wasn't qualified enough for such a job, De Ruyter proved his worth under supreme commander Lieutenant-Admiral (the nominal rank of Admiral-General was reserved for the stadtholder but at the time none was appointed) Maarten Tromp, winning the Battle of Plymouth against Vice-Admiral George Ayscue. He also fought at the Battle of Kentish Knock, the Battle of Plymouth and the Battle of the Gabbard. De Ruyter functioned as a squadron commander, being referred to as a Commodore, which at the time was not an official rank in the Dutch navy. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... A stadtholder (Dutch: stadhouder meaning place holder, a Germanic parallel to Latin locum tenens or French lieutenant), means an official who is appointed by the legal ruling Monarch to represent him in a country, and may have a mandate to govern it in his name, in the latter case roughly... Image:Marten Harpertszoon Tromp. ... The Battle of Plymouth, 26 August 1652 was a naval battle of the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... Admiral Sir George Ayscue by Sir Peter Lely, painted 1665–1666. ... This painting, Action between ships in the First Dutch War, 1652–1654 by Abraham Willaerts, may depict the Battle of the Kentish Knock. ... The Battle of Plymouth, 26 August 1652 was a naval battle of the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... The Battle of the Gabbard, 12 June 1653 by Heerman Witmont, shows the Dutch flagship Brederode, left, in action with the English ship Tredagh, the later HMS Resolution. ... Commodore is a military rank used in some navies for officers whose position exceeds that of a Captain, but is less than that of a Flag Officer. ...

Tromp's death during the Battle of Scheveningen ended the war and De Ruyter declined an emphatic offer from Johan de Witt for supreme command, because he considered himself 'unfit' and also feared that bypassing the seniority principle would bring him into conflict with Witte de With and Johan Evertsen. Later De Ruyter and De Witt would become personal friends. Colonel Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam then became the new Dutch supreme commander of the confederate fleet. De Ruyter — after refusing to become Obdam's naval 'advisor' — remained in service of the Dutch navy however and later accepted an offer from the admiralty of Amsterdam to become their Vice-Admiral on 2 March 1654. He relocated with his family to the city in 1655. The Battle of Scheveningen, 10 August 1653 by Jan Abrahamsz Beerstraaten, painted c. ... Johan de Witt (September 24, 1625, Dordrecht - August 20, 1672, The Hague) was a significant Dutch political figure. ... Witte Corneliszoon de With (28 March 1599-8 November 1658) was a Dutch naval officer of 17th century. ... Jacob, Banner Lord of Wassenaer, Lord Obdam, Hensbroek, Spanbroek, Opmeer, Zuidwijk and Kernhem (1610 – 13 June 1665) was a Dutch Lieutenant-Admiral, and supreme commander of the confederate Dutch navy. ... It has been suggested that Mokum be merged into this article or section. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events April 5 - Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War. ... Events March 25 - Saturns largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christian Huygens. ...

1655–1663

In July 1655 De Ruyter took command of a squadron of eight of which the Tijdverdrijf was his flagship and set out for the Mediterranean with 55 merchantmen in convoy. His orders were to protect Dutch trade. Meeting an English fleet under Robert Blake along the way, he managed to avoid creating a new flag incident. Operating off the Barbary Coast he captured several infamous corsairs and having negotiated a peace agreement with Salé, De Ruyter returned home May 1656 Events March 25 - Saturns largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christian Huygens. ... Robert Blake, General at Sea, 1599–1657 by Henry Perronet Briggs, painted 1829. ... The Barbary Coast, or Barbary, was the term used by Europeans till the 19th century to refer to the coastal regions of what is now Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. ... Salé (from the Berber word asla, meaning rock) is the twin city to Rabat, capital of Morocco. ... // Events Mehmed Köprülü becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. ...

The same month the States-General, becoming ever more wary of Swedish king Charles X and his expansion plans, decided to intervene in the Northern Wars by sending a fleet to the Baltic Sea. The Swedes controlled this area after Charles had invaded Poland and made himself king there. De Ruyter once again embarked on the Tijdverdrijf arriving in the Sound the 8th of June; there he waited for Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam to arrive. After Obdam had assumed command De Ruyter and the Dutch fleet sailed to relieve the besieged city of Gdańsk on 27 July, without any bloodshed. Peace was signed a month later. Before leaving the Baltic De Ruyter and other flagofficers were granted audience by Frederick III of Denmark. De Ruyter took a liking to the Danish king who would later become a personal friend. The word States-General, or Estates-General, refers in English to : the Etats-Généraux of France before the French Revolution the Staten-Generaal of the Netherlands. ... Charles X Gustav (Karl X Gustav) (November 8, 1622 – February 13, 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death. ... King Charles X of Sweden The Northern Wars (1655-1661) is a name sometimes used for the series of conflicts between Sweden and its adversaries Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (The Deluge, 1655-1660), Russia (1656-1661), Brandenburg-Prussia (1657-1660), the Holy Roman Empire (1657-60) and Denmark (1657-1658, 1658... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... Sound is a disturbance of mechanical energy that propagates through matter as a wave. ... Jacob, Banner Lord of Wassenaer, Lord Obdam, Hensbroek, Spanbroek, Opmeer, Zuidwijk and Kernhem (1610 – 13 June 1665) was a Dutch Lieutenant-Admiral, and supreme commander of the confederate Dutch navy. ... Motto: Nec temere, nec timide (No rashness, no timidness) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Pomeranian Powiat city county Gmina GdaÅ„sk Established 10th century City Rights 1263 Government  - Mayor PaweÅ‚ Adamowicz Area  - City 262 km²  (101. ... is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... King Frederick III Frederick III (March 28, 1609 – February 19, 1670) was King of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death. ...

In 1658 the States-General decided to once again send a fleet to the Baltic Sea to protect the important Baltic trade and to aid the Danes against Swedish aggression, continued despite a peace settlement. In accordance with the States' balance of power politics a fleet under Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam was sent, without De Ruyter, who at the time was blockading Lisbon. On 8 November a bloody melee took place: the Battle of the Sound, which resulted in a Dutch victory, relieving Copenhagen. Still the Swedes were far from defeated and the States decided to continue their support. De Ruyter took command of a new expeditionary fleet and managed to liberate Nyborg in 1659. For this he was knighted by the Danish king Frederick III of Denmark. From 1661 until 1663 De Ruyter had convoy duty in the Mediterranean. The word States-General, or Estates-General, refers in English to : the Etats-Généraux of France before the French Revolution the Staten-Generaal of the Netherlands. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... Population density in the wider Baltic region. ... Balance of power is a central concept of realist theories of international relations. ... Jacob, Banner Lord of Wassenaer, Lord Obdam, Hensbroek, Spanbroek, Opmeer, Zuidwijk and Kernhem (1610 – 13 June 1665) was a Dutch Lieutenant-Admiral, and supreme commander of the confederate Dutch navy. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Lisboa  - Subregion Grande Lisboa  - District or A.R. Lisbon Mayor Carmona Rodrigues  - Party PSD Area 84. ... is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Battle of the Sound 1658 The naval Battle of The Sound took place on 8 November 1658 (29 October OS) just south of København, being at that time under siege by Charles X of Sweden. ... Copenhagen (IPA: or ; Danish: IPA: ) is the capital of Denmark and the countrys largest city. ... Nyborg castle Nyborg is a city in central Denmark, located in Nyborg municipality on the island of Funen. ... // Events May 25 - Richard Cromwell resigns as Lord Protector of England following the restoration of the Long Parliament, beginning a second brief period of the republican government called the Commonwealth. ... King Frederick III Frederick III (March 28, 1609 – February 19, 1670) was King of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death. ...

Second Anglo-Dutch War

Battle Council On The Zeven Provinciën,10 june 1666 by Willem van de Velde, the younger,1666.

In 1664, a year before the Second Anglo-Dutch War officially began, he clashed with the English off the West African coast, where both the English and Dutch had significant slave stations, retaking the Dutch possessions occupied by Robert Holmes and then crossing the Atlantic to raid the English colonies in America. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1158x768, 156 KB)Battle council on the Zeven provincien 1666 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1158x768, 156 KB)Battle council on the Zeven provincien 1666 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Ships riding quietly at anchor Willem van de Velde, the younger (1633 – April 6, 1707), was a Dutch painter. ... 1666 is often called Annus Mirabilis. ... Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... Sir Frescheville Holles and Sir Robert Holmes Sir Robert Holmes ( 1622 – November 18, 1692) was a British Admiral of the Restoration Navy. ...

Arriving off Barbados in the Caribbean at the end of April, 1665 aboard his flagship Spiegel, he led his fleet of thirteen vessels into Carlisle Bay, exchanging fire with the English batteries and destroying many of the vessels anchored there. Unable to silence the English guns and having sustained considerable damage to his own vessels, he retired to French Martinique for repairs. “West Indian” redirects here. ... Year 1665 (MDCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Carlisle Bay is a small natural harbor located in the southwest region of Barbados. ...

Sailing north from Martinique, de Ruyter captured several English vessels and delivered supplies to the Dutch colony at Sint Eustatius. Given the damage he had sustained, he decided against an assault on New York (the former New Amsterdam) to retake New Netherland. He then took off to Newfoundland, capturing several English fishing boats and temporarily taking St. John's before proceeding to Europe. Map showing location of Sint Eustatius relative to Saba and Sint Maarten/Saint Martin. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) was the name of the 17th century town which grew outside of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island in the New Netherland territory (1614–1674) which was situated between 38 and 42 degrees latitude as a provincial extension of the Dutch Republic since 1624. ... Map based on Adriaen Blocks 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name. ... Motto: Quaerite Prime Regnum Dei (Latin: Seek ye first the kingdom of God) Capital St. ... Nickname: Motto: Avancez (Go forward) Coordinates: Country Canada Province Newfoundland and Labrador Established August 5, 1583 by Royal Charter of Queen Elizabeth I Government  - City Mayor Andy Wells  - Governing body St. ...

On his return to The Netherlands he learned that Van Wassenaer had been killed in the disastrous Battle of Lowestoft. Many expected that Tromp's son Cornelis would now take command of the confederate fleet, especially Cornelis Tromp himself, who had already been given a temporary commission. Tromp however was not acceptable to the regent regime of Johan de Witt because of his support of the Prince of Orange's cause. De Ruyter's popularity had grown after his heroic return and, most importantly, his affiliation lay with the Estates-General and Johan de Witt in particular. He therefore was made commander of the Dutch fleet on 11 August 1665, as Lieutenant-Admiral (a rank he at the time shared with six others) of the Amsterdam admiralty. The Battle of Lowestoft, 13 June 1665, showing HMS Royal Charles and the Eendracht by Hendrik van Minderhout, painted c. ... Cornelis Tromp, 1629–1691 by Sir Peter Lely, painted c. ... The word States-General, or Estates-General, refers in English to : the Etats-Généraux of France before the French Revolution the Staten-Generaal of the Netherlands. ... Johan de Witt (September 24, 1625, Dordrecht - August 20, 1672, The Hague) was a significant Dutch political figure. ... is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

In this Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667) he won a hard-fought victory in the Four Days Battle (June 1666) but narrowly escaped disaster in the St James's Day Battle (August 1666) which brought him into conflict with Cornelis Tromp, eventually leading to Tromp's dismissal. He then became seriously ill, recovering just in time to take nominal command of the fleet executing the Raid on the Medway in 1667. The Medway raid was a costly and embarrassing defeat for the English, resulting in the loss of the English flagship HMS Royal Charles and bringing the Dutch close to London and the war to its end. Between 1667 and 1671 he was forbidden by De Witt to sail, in order not to endanger his life. In 1669 a failed attempt on his life was made by a Tromp supporter, trying to stab him with a bread knife in the entrance-hall of his house. The Royal Prince and other vessels at the Four Days Fight, 11–14 June 1666 by Abraham Storck depicts a battle of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. ... Year 1665 (MDCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... // Events January 20 - Poland cedes Kyiv, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge, and Poland lost its status as a Central European power. ... Combatants England United Provinces Commanders George Monck,Duke of Albemarle Michiel de Ruyter Strength 79 ships 84 ships Casualties 10 English ships lost 4 Dutch ships lost The Four Days Battle was a naval battle of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. ... 1666 is often called Annus Mirabilis. ... The St James Day Battle, also known as the Battle of the North Foreland and the Battle of Orfordness, August 4 to August 5, 1666 was a naval battle of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, fought between the fleets of England and the United Provinces commanded by Admiral Michiel de... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... // Events January 20 - Poland cedes Kyiv, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge, and Poland lost its status as a Central European power. ... The painting Dutch attack on the Medway, June 1667 by Pieter Cornelisz van Soest, painted c. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Third Anglo-Dutch War and death

De Ruyter saved the situation for the Netherlands in the Third Anglo-Dutch War. His strategic victories over larger Anglo-French fleets at the Battles of Solebay (1672), the double Schooneveld (1673) and Texel (1673) warded off invasion. The new rank of Lieutenant-Admiral-General was created especially for him in February 1673, when the new stadtholder William III of Orange became Admiral-General. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants United Provinces (Netherlands) England, France Commanders Michiel de Ruyter Adriaen Banckert Willem Joseph van Ghent The Duke of York and Albany, The Earl of Sandwich, Jean II dEstrées Strength 75 ships 93 ships Casualties 1 ship destroyed, 1 captured 1 ship destroyed The naval Battle of Solebay... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... The first battle of Schooneveld, 7 June 1673 by Willem van de Velde, the elder, painted c. ... 1673 (MDCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Battle of the Texel, 11/21 August 1673 by Willem van de Velde, the younger, painted 1683. ... A stadtholder (Dutch: stadhouder meaning place holder, a Germanic parallel to Latin locum tenens or French lieutenant), means an official who is appointed by the legal ruling Monarch to represent him in a country, and may have a mandate to govern it in his name, in the latter case roughly... William III King of England, Scotland and Ireland William III and II (14 November 1650–8 March 1702; also known as William Henry and William of Orange) was Prince of Orange from his birth, King of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scotland from 11...

Again taking the battle to the Caribbean, this time against the French, De Ruyter arrived off Martinique aboard his flagship De Zeven Provinciën on 19 July 1674. He led a substantial force of eighteen warships, nine storeships, and fifteen troop transports bearing 3,400 soldiers. Attempting to assault Fort Royal, his fleet was becalmed, allowing the greatly outnumbered French defenders time to solidify their defenses. The next day, newly-placed booms prevented de Ruyter from entering the harbor. Nonetheless, the Dutch soldiers went ashore without the support of the fleet's guns, and were badly mauled in their attempt to reach the French fortifications atop the steep cliffs. Within two hours, the soldiers were returning to the fleet, with 143 killed and 318 wounded, as compared to only fifteen French defenders lost. His ambitions thwarted and with the element of surprise lost, De Ruyter sailed north to Dominica and Nevis, then returned to Europe while disease spread aboard his ships. Eight ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy have been named HNLMS De Zeven Provinciën or similar, after the original seven provinces of the Netherlands forming the Union of Utrecht:[1] Zeven Provinciën (1643-1659), ship of the line of the Amsterdam Admirality; Verenigde Provinciën (1665-1667), ship... is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... Fort-de-France is the capital of Frances Caribbean département doutre-mer of Martinique. ... Official language English Political status State in the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis Premier Joseph Parry Deputy Governor-General[1] Eustace John President, Nevis Island Assembly Marjorie Morton Capital Charlestown, Nevis Area  - Total (Not ranked) 35. ...

In 1676 he took command of a combined Dutch-Spanish fleet to help the Spanish suppress the Messina Revolt and fought a French fleet under Duquesne twice at the Battle of Stromboli and the Battle of Agosta, where he was fatally wounded when a cannonball hit his left leg. On 18 March 1677 De Ruyter was given an elaborate state funeral when his body was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk (New Church) in Amsterdam. He was succeeded as supreme commander by Cornelis Tromp in 1679. Duquesne can refer to: French admiral Abraham Duquesne and the 8 vessels in the French Navy named after him: 74-gun ship of the line (1787–1803) 73-gun school ship (1811–1814) 86-gun ship of the line (1811–1814) 74-gun ship of the line (1814–1836) 82... During the Anglo-Dutch Wars the Battle of Stomboli took place on the 8th of January 1676 between a French fleet of 20 ships under Duquesne and a combined DutchSpanish fleet of 19 Dutch and 1 Spanish ship under Michiel DeRuyter that lasted 8 hours and ended inconclusive. ... The naval Battle of Agosta took place on 22 April 1676 during the Franco-Dutch War and was fought between a French fleet of 29 man-of-war, 8 fireships and 5 frigates under Abraham Duquesne and a Dutch-Spanish fleet of 27 (17 Dutch, 10 Spanish) plus 5 fireships... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Nieuwe Kerk is a landmark church in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. ... It has been suggested that Mokum be merged into this article or section. ...

De Ruyter was highly respected by his sailors and soldiers, who used the term of endearment Bestevaêr ("Granddad") for him, both because of his disregard for hierarchy (he was himself of humble origin) and his refusal to back away from risky and bold undertakings despite his usually cautious nature.

Respect also extended far beyond the borders of the Republic. On his last journey home, the late Lieutenant-Admiral-General was saluted by canon shots fired on the coasts of France by the direct orders of the French king Louis XIV. The town of Debrecen erected a statue of him for his role in freeing 26 protestant Hungarian ministers from Slavery. Debrecen , (approximate pronounciation, Deb-ret-sen), (Romanian: , German: ) is the second largest city in Hungary after Budapest. ... Slave redirects here. ...

Modern reference

In the 2004 election of De Grootste Nederlander (The Greatest Dutchman) Michiel de Ruyter was the seventh most voted. 'Michiel de Ruyter' is the default name for the Dutch in Sid Meier's 1994 game, Colonization. He was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk (New Church) in Amsterdam. De Ruyter's burial site has now turned in to a tourist attraction. De Ruyter's praalgraf is visible, protected by a glass pane. However, descendents of the De Ruyter family are granted unrestricted access to his grave, and De Ruyter's descendent stated in a 2007 issue of Dutch newspaper Het Parool that he visited the coffin privately in 1948 with his own grandfather, and they decided to lift the coffin's lid. The grand-grand son was shocked with the sight and said: "it wasn't a pleasant sight. He (De Ruyter) was embalmed with great haste, and they didn't bother with his shot-off leg, they just dropped it in. It was just lying there. No, it wasn't pleasant, it was a shock actually ". Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... De Grootste Nederlander (The Greatest Dutchman) was a public poll held in 2004 by the broadcasting company, KRO (Publieke Omroep). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Colonialism. ... The Nieuwe Kerk is a landmark church in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. ... It has been suggested that Mokum be merged into this article or section. ... Het Parool is an Amsterdam-based daily newspaper. ... Embalming, in most modern cultures, is a process used to temporarily preserve a human cadaver to forestall decomposition and make it suitable for display at a funeral. ...

Ships

Six ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy have been named HNLMS De Ruyter Royal Netherlands Navy Jack The Koninklijke Marine (Royal Netherlands Navy ) is the navy of the Netherlands. ... Seven ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy have been named HNLMS De Ruyter after Admiral Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter (1607–1676), including: De Ruyter, launched in 1880, was an Atjeh-class unprotected cruiser. ...

References

• David Marley, Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, 1998 (pp. 159, 165, 177–179). ISBN 0-87436-837-5
• Roger Hainsworth and Christine Churches, The Anglo Dutch Naval Wars 1652-1674, Sutton Pub Ltd, 1998
• R. Prud’homme van Reine, Rechterhand van Nederland. Biografie van Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter, (Amsterdam 1996)
• Oliver Warner, Great Sea Battles, Spring Books London, 1973
• Warnsinck, JCM, Twaalf doorluchtige zeehelden. PN van Kampen & Zoon NV, 1941
• Warnsinck, JCM, Van Vlootvoogden en Zeeslagen, PN van Kampen & Zoon, 1940
• Blok, PJ, Michiel Adriaansz. de Ruyter (1928)

J.C.M. Warnsinck (Hoogwoud, The Netherlands, November 11, 1882-The Hague, July 21, 1943) was a Dutch naval officer and naval historian. ... J.C.M. Warnsinck (Hoogwoud, The Netherlands, November 11, 1882-The Hague, July 21, 1943) was a Dutch naval officer and naval historian. ...

External links

• De Ruyters' flagship 'The Seven Provinces' is being rebuilt in Dutch town Lelystad.
• Short biography, well illustrated
• Michiel de Ruyter foundation
• Official Michiel de Ruyter fansite
• 400 years Michiel de Ruyter Foundation (theme year 2007)
• 400 years Michiel de Ruyter Portal (theme year 2007)
• 400 years Michiel de Ruyter

Lelystad ( ▶ (help· info)) is a municipality and a city in the centre of the Netherlands, and it is the capital of the province of Flevoland. ...