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Mobile (IPA: /moʊˈbiːl/) is the third most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and is the county seat of Mobile County.[4] The population within the city limits was 198,915 as of the 2000 census.[5] Mobile is the principal municipality of the Mobile Metropolitan Statistical Area, a region of 399,843 residents which is composed solely of Mobile County and is the second largest MSA in the state.[3] Mobile is included in the Mobile-Daphne-Fairhope Combined Statistical Area with a total population of 540,258, the second largest CSA in the state.[6] Image File history File links Mobile_Flag. ...
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This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ...
United States may refer to: Places: United States of America SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever built. ...
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List of 67 counties in the U.S. state of Alabama: Autauga County Baldwin County Barbour County Bibb County Blount County Bullock County Butler County Calhoun County Chambers County Cherokee County Chilton County Choctaw County Clarke County Clay County Cleburne County Coffee County Colbert County Conecuh County Coosa County Covington...
Mobile County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. ...
A Municipal Corporation is a legal defintion for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, and towns. ...
A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ...
Samuel L. Jones is serving his first term as Mayor of his hometown, Mobile, Alabama. ...
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Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ...
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CST or UTC-6 The Central Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time (UTC-6) and five hours during daylight saving time (UTC-5). ...
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CST or UTC-6 The Central Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time (UTC-6) and five hours during daylight saving time (UTC-5). ...
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GNIS (The Geographic Names Information System) contains name and locative information about almost two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories. ...
For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American...
This article is about the U.S. State. ...
A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county, primarily used in the United States. ...
Mobile County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. ...
In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas. ...
Daphne is a city located in Baldwin County, Alabama. ...
Ê Fairhope is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, on a sloping plateau, along the cliffs and shoreline of Mobile Bay. ...
The United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines micropolitan and metropolitan statistical areas. ...
The earliest origins of Mobile began with a Muskhogean Native American people in the fortified Mississippian town of Mauvila, also spelled Maubila, which Hernando de Soto's Spanish expedition destroyed in 1540.[7] This earlier town is believed to have been further north than is the current city, but the later Mobilian tribe that the French colonists found in the area of Mobile Bay is theorized by scholars to have been descended from this earlier group of people.[7] It is from this latter tribe that Mobile gained its name.[7] The city began as the first capital of colonial French Louisiana in 1702, and during its first 100 years, Mobile was a colony for France, then Britain, and lastly Spain. Mobile first became a part of the United States of America in 1813, left the United States with Alabama in 1861 to become a part of the Confederate States of America, and then back to the United States in 1865.[8] Muskhogean stock (also Muskogean) refers to a Native American stock that inhabitated the Gulf Coast region of what is today the United States. ...
This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ...
The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American culture that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1500 A.D., varying regionally. ...
For the Peruvian economist, see Hernando de Soto (economist). ...
The Mobilian language was a trade language used as a lingua franca among Native American groups living along the Gulf of Mexico around the time of European settlement of the region. ...
Mobile Bay - Landsat photo Mobile and Mobile Bay from space, June 1991 During a jubilee along the shores of Mobile Bay, blue crabs & flounder come to shallow water near shore Mobile Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, lying within the state of Alabama in the United States. ...
Flag In 1803, the United States concluded the Louisiana Purchase (green area) with France. ...
Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Government...
Located at the junction of the Mobile River and Mobile Bay on the northern Gulf of Mexico, the city is the only seaport in Alabama.[9] The Port of Mobile has always played a key role in the economic health of the city beginning with the city as a key trading center between the French and Native Americans[10] down to its current role as the 10th largest port in the United States.[11] The Mobile River located in southern Alabama, United States. ...
Gulf of Mexico in 3D perspective. ...
Basic Facts The Port of Mobile, Alabama, is the largest and only deep-water port in the state, and is the 14th largest in the United States. ...
As one of the Gulf Coast's cultural centers, Mobile houses several art museums, a symphony orchestra, a professional opera, a professional ballet company, and a large concentration of historic architecture.[12][13] Mobile is known for having the oldest organized Carnival/Mardi Gras celebrations in the United States, as well as the oldest Carnival mystic society, dating to 1830.[14] People from Mobile are known as Mobilians.[10] For the song titled Orchestra, see The Servant (band). ...
For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Ballet (disambiguation). ...
This article is about building architecture. ...
This article describes the festival season. ...
Mardi Gras in Mobile: the Order of Myths parade. ...
[edit] History - See also: History of Mobile, Alabama
Hernando de Soto of Spain is generally credited with the discovery of Mobile Bay in 1540, when he battled Chief Tuscaloosa and the Choctaw Indians for supplies. ...
[edit] Colonial The settlement of Mobile, then known as Fort Louis de la Louisiane, was first established in 1702, at Twenty-seven Mile Bluff on the Mobile River, as the first capital of the French colony of Louisiana. It was founded by French Canadian brothers Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville and Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville, in order to establish control over France's Louisiana claims with Bienville having been made governor of French Louisiana in 1701. Mobile’s Roman Catholic parish was established on 20 July 1703, by Jean-Baptiste de la Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier, Bishop of Quebec.[15] The parish was the first established on the Gulf Coast of the United States.[15] The year 1704 saw the arrival of 23 women to the colony aboard the Pélican, along with yellow fever introduced to the ship in Havana.[16] Though most of the "Pélican girls" recovered, a large number of the existing colonists and the neighboring Native Americans died from the illness.[16] This early period also saw the arrival of the first African slaves aboard a French supply ship from Saint-Domingue. [16] The population of the colony fluctuated over the next few years, growing to 279 persons by 1708 yet descending to 178 persons two years later due to disease.[15] The Old Mobile Site was the location of the French settlement La Mobile and the associated Fort Louis de La Louisiane from 1702 until 1712. ...
The Mobile River located in southern Alabama, United States. ...
For the French colonial postage stamps, see French Colonies. ...
Flag In 1803, the United States concluded the Louisiana Purchase (green area) with France. ...
French Canadian is a term that has several different connotations. ...
Pierre Le Moyne dIberville. ...
For other uses, see Bienville. ...
The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...
The Diocese of Quebec is the oldest Catholic see in the New World north of Mexico. ...
States that border the Gulf of Mexico are shown in red The Gulf Coast region of the United States comprises the coasts of states which border the Gulf of Mexico. ...
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World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second_largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ...
The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ...
Saint-Domingue was a French colony from 1697 to 1804 that is today the independent nation of Haiti. ...
 Mobile and Fort Condé in 1725. These additional outbreaks of disease and a series of floods caused Bienville to order the town relocated several miles downriver to its present location at the confluence of the Mobile River and Mobile Bay in 1711.[17] A new earth and palisade Fort Louis was constructed at the new site during this time.[18] By 1712, when Antoine Crozat took over administration of the colony by royal appointment, the colony boasted a population of 400 persons. In 1713 a new governor was appointed by Crozat, Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, founder of Detroit.[19] He did not last long due to allegations of mismanagement and a lack of growth in the colony, and he was recalled to France in 1716. Bienville again took the helm as governor, serving the office for less than a year until the new governor, Jean-Michel de Lepinay, arrived from France.[19] Lepinay, however, did not last long either due to Crozat's relinquishing control of the colony in 1717 and the shift in administration to John Law and his Company of the Indies.[19] Bienville found himself once again governor of Louisiana and in 1719 decided to move the capital elsewhere.[19] The Mobile River located in southern Alabama, United States. ...
Mobile Bay - Landsat photo Mobile and Mobile Bay from space, June 1991 During a jubilee along the shores of Mobile Bay, blue crabs & flounder come to shallow water near shore Mobile Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, lying within the state of Alabama in the United States. ...
Antoine Crozat, Marquis du Chatel (Toulouse, ca. ...
Statue of Cadillac commemorating his landing, in Detroits Hart Plaza Antoine Laumet, dit de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac (March 5, 1658 – October 15, 1730), a French explorer, was a colourful figure in the history of New France. ...
Detroit redirects here. ...
Jean-Michel de Lepinay was the governor of the French colony of Louisiana from 1717 to 1718. ...
Jean Law John Law (bap. ...
In August 1717 Scottish businessman John Law acquired a controlling interest in the then derelict Mississippi Company and renamed it the Compagnie d’Occident (or Compagnie du Mississippi). ...
The capital of Louisiana was moved to Biloxi in 1720,[18] leaving Mobile relegated to the role of military and trading outpost. In 1723 the construction of a new brick fort with a stone foundation began[18] and it was renamed Fort Condé in honor of Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon and prince of Condé.[20] Mobile would maintain the role of major trade center with the Native Americans throughout the French period, leading to the almost universal use of Mobilian Jargon as the simplified trade language with the Native Americans from present-day Florida to Texas.[10] Flag In 1803, the United States concluded the Louisiana Purchase (green area) with France. ...
Biloxi redirects here. ...
Fort Conde in Mobile, Alabama is a 4/5 scale replica of the dismantled French, Spanish & British fort. ...
Louis Henri Joseph was the seventh Prince of Condé. Louis Henri Joseph, Duc de Bourbon et dEnghien, Prince de Condé (August 18, 1692 – January 27, 1740) was head of the cadet Bourbon-Condé wing of the French royal house from 1710 to his death. ...
Prince of Condé (named after Condé-en-Brie, in the Aisne département) is a title in French peerage, originally granted to Louis of Bourbon, brother of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendome and uncle of Henry IV of France. ...
Mobilian Jargon was a pidgin trade language used as a lingua franca among Native American groups living along the Gulf of Mexico around the time of European settlement of the region. ...
This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ...
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 The expanded West Florida territory in 1767. In 1763, the Treaty of Paris was signed, ending the French and Indian War. The treaty ceded Mobile and the surrounding territory to the Kingdom of Great Britain, and it was made a part of the expanded British West Florida colony.[21] The British changed the name of Fort Condé to Fort Charlotte, after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, King George III's queen.[22] The British were eager not to lose any useful inhabitants and promised religious tolerance to the French colonists, ultimately 112 French Mobilians remained in the colony.[23] In 1766 the population was estimated to be 860, though the town's borders were smaller than they had been during the French colonial efforts.[23] During the American Revolutionary War, West Florida and Mobile became a refuge for loyalists fleeing the other colonies.[24] The Spanish captured the town in 1780 during the Battle of Fort Charlotte. The Spanish wished to eliminate any British threat to their Louisiana colony, which they had received from France in 1763s Treaty of Paris.[24] Their actions were also condoned by the revolting American colonies due to the fact that West Florida remained loyal to the British Crown.[24] The fort was renamed Fortaleza Carlota, with the Spanish holding Mobile and the surrounding Mobile District as a part of Spanish West Florida until 1810 when the Mobile District became part of the briefly independent Republic of West Florida. The Spanish continued to hold onto the town of Mobile itself until 1813, when the weakly defended port was seized by the U.S. General James Wilkinson during the War of 1812.[25] Image File history File links Map of West Florida in 1767. ...
Image File history File links Map of West Florida in 1767. ...
The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. ...
Combatants France First Nations allies: Algonquin Lenape Wyandot Ojibwa Ottawa Shawnee Great Britain American Colonies Iroquois Confederacy Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) Casualties 3,000 killed, wounded or captured 10,040 killed, wounded or captured The French and...
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This article is about the region. ...
Queen Charlotte, (née Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; 19 May 1744 – 17 November 1818) was the queen consort of George III of the United Kingdom (1738–1820). ...
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Britannia offers solace and a promise of compensation for her exiled American born Loyalists. ...
Combatants Spain Britain Commanders Bernardo de Gálvez Elias Durnford Strength 754 regulars and militia 98 regulars 169 militia Casualties Unknown 267 dead, wounded, or captured. ...
This article is about the region. ...
The British monarch or Sovereign is the monarch and head of state of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories, and is the source of all executive, judicial and (as the Queen_in_Parliament) legislative power. ...
Fort Conde in Mobile, Alabama is a 4/5 scale replica of the dismantled French, Spanish & British fort. ...
The Mobile District was an administrative region of the Spanish territory of West Florida, which became part of the independent Republic of West Florida on September 23, 1810. ...
This article is about the region. ...
Map of East and West Florida in the early 1800s. ...
General James Wilkinson James Wilkinson (1757 – December 28, 1825) was a U.S. soldier and statesman, who was associated with several scandals and controversies. ...
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[edit] 19th century  HABS photo of the Southern Hotel (built c.1837) on Water Street. When Mobile was captured by the United States and made a part of the Mississippi Territory in 1813 the population had dwindled to roughly 300 people.[26] The city was included in the Alabama Territory in 1817, after Mississippi gained statehood. Alabama was granted statehood in 1819 and Mobile's population had increased to 809 by that time.[26] As the inland areas of Alabama and Mississippi were settled by farmers and the slave-based plantation economy became established, Mobile came to be settled by merchants, attorneys, mechanics, doctors and others seeking to capitalize on trade with these upriver areas.[26] With its location at the mouth of the Mobile River, a river system that served as the principal navigational access for most of Alabama and a large part of Mississippi, Mobile was well situated for this purpose. By 1822 the population was 2800.[26] HABS photograph: First Bank of the United States, Philadelphia HABS drawing: James Madisons Montpelier HAER photograph: Tacoma Narrows Bridge HALS drawing: Hale O Pi Ilani Heiau, Maui This article is about the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), a program of the U.S. National Park Service. ...
all about mississippi! Mississippi state bird is a mocking bird mississippi state tree is mangoila tree ...
Alabama Territory was a historic, organized territory of the United States that was created out of the from the eastern portion of Mississippi Territory. ...
This article is about the U.S. state. ...
This article is about crop plantations. ...
From the 1830s onward Mobile expanded into a city of commerce with a primary focus on the cotton trade.[26] The waterfront was developed with wharves, terminal facilities, and fire-proof brick warehouses.[26] The exports of cotton grew in proportion to the amounts being produced in the Black Belt and by 1840 Mobile was second only to New Orleans in cotton exports in the nation.[26] With the economy so focused on this one crop, Mobile's fortunes were always tied to those of cotton and the city weathered many financial crises during this period.[26] Though Mobile had a relatively small slave owning population itself compared to the inland areas, it was the slave-trading center of the state until surpassed by Montgomery in the 1850s.[27] By 1860 Mobile's population within the city limits had reached 29,258 people, it was the 27th largest city in the United States and 4th largest in what would soon be the Confederate States of America.[28] The population in the whole of Mobile County, including the city, consisted of 29,754 free citizens, of which 1195 were African American.[29] Additionally, there were 1785 slave owners, holding 11,376 slaves, for a total county population of 41,130 people.[29] Map of Alabamas Black Belt region. ...
Coordinates: , Country State County Montgomery Incorporated December 3, 1819 Government - Mayor Bobby Bright Area - City 156. ...
Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Government...
During the American Civil War, Mobile was a Confederate city. The first submarine to successfully sink an enemy ship, the H. L. Hunley, was built in Mobile.[30] One of the most famous naval engagements of the war was the Battle of Mobile Bay, resulting in the Union taking possession of Mobile Bay on 5 August 1864.[31] On 12 April 1865, 3 days after the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Courthouse, the city of Mobile surrendered to the Union army to avoid destruction following the Union victories at the Battle of Spanish Fort and the Battle of Fort Blakely.[31] Ironically, on 25 May 1865, the city suffered loss when some three hundred people died as a result of an explosion at a federal ammunition depot on Beauregard Street. The explosion left a 30-foot (9 m) deep hole at the depot's location, sunk ships docked on the Mobile River, and the resulting fires destroyed the northern portion of the city.[32] Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
For other uses, see Submarine (disambiguation). ...
CSS H. L. Hunley was a submarine of the Confederate States Navy that demonstrated both the advantages and the dangers of undersea warfare. ...
A naval battle is a battle fought using ships or other waterborne vessels. ...
Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
Combatants United States of America (U.S. Navy) Confederate States of America (Confederate States Navy) Commanders David Farragut (navy) Gordon Granger (army) Franklin Buchanan (navy) Dabney H. Maury (army) Strength 14 wooden ships (including 2 gunboats) 4 ironclad monitors 5,500 Land Force Troops Three gunboats, One ironclad, 2,000...
In this map: Union states prohibiting slavery Union territories Border states on the Union side which allowed slavery Kansas, which entered and fought with the Union as a free state after the Bleeding Kansas crisis The Confederacy Confederate claimed and sometimes held territories During the American Civil War, the Union...
Mobile Bay - Landsat photo Mobile and Mobile Bay from space, June 1991 During a jubilee along the shores of Mobile Bay, blue crabs & flounder come to shallow water near shore Mobile Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, lying within the state of Alabama in the United States. ...
For other uses, see Robert E. Lee (disambiguation). ...
Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee # Strength Army of the Potomac, Army of the James Army of Northern Virginia Casualties 164[1] ~500 killed and wounded[1] 27,805 surrendered and paroled The Battle of Appomattox Courthouse was the final...
The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ...
Battle of Spanish Fort Conflict American Civil War Date March 27-April 8, 1865 Place Baldwin County, Alabama Result Union victory The Battle of Spanish Fort took place from March 27-April 8, 1865 in Baldwin County, Alabama, as part of the Mobile Campaign of the Main Western Theater. ...
The Battle of Fort Blakely took place from April 2-9, 1865 in Baldwin County, Alabama, as part of the Mobile Campaign of the Main Western Theater. ...
This article is about the federal government of the United States. ...
An ammunition dump, ammunition compound, ammunition depot or ammo dump, is a military storage facility for live ammunition and explosives. ...
Federal Reconstruction after the war saw the economy in near total ruin and widespread racial and class resentment develop.[33] Reconstruction in Mobile effectively ended in 1874 when the local Democrats gained control of the city government.[33] The last quarter of the 19th century was a time of economic depression and municipal insolvency for Mobile. One example can be provided by the value of Mobile's exports during this period of depression. The value of exports leaving the city fell from $9 million in 1878 to $3 million in 1882.[34] The aftermath of the war left Mobile with a spirit of governmental and economic caution that would limit it for a large part of the next century.[33] For other uses, see Reconstruction (disambiguation). ...
Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas Politics Portal Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic...
[edit] 20th century  The Mobile waterfront in 1909. The turn of the century brought the Progressive Era to Mobile and saw Mobile's economic structure evolve along with a significant increase in population.[35] The population increased from around 40,000 in 1900 to 60,000 by 1920.[35] During this time the city received $3 million in federal grants for harbor improvements, which drastically deepened the shipping channels in the harbor.[35] During and after World War I manufacturing became increasingly vital to Mobile's economic health with shipbuilding and steel production being two of the most important.[35] During the Progressive Era social equality and race relations in Mobile worsened.[35] In 1902 the city government passed Mobile's first segregation ordinance, one that segregated the city streetcars.[35] Mobile's African American population responded to this with a two-month boycott which was ultimately unsuccessful.[35] After this, Mobile's de facto segregation would increasingly be replaced with legislated segregation.[35] In the United States, the Progressive Era was a period of reform which lasted from the 1890s to the 1920s. ...
“The Great War †redirects here. ...
Racial segregation characterised by separation of different races in daily life, such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a rest room, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home. ...
De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...
World War II led to a massive military effort causing a considerable increase in Mobile's population, largely due to the huge influx of workers coming into Mobile to work in the shipyards and at the Brookley Army Air Field.[36] Between 1940 and 1943, over 89,000 people moved into Mobile to work for war effort industries.[36] Mobile was one of eighteen U.S. cities producing Liberty ships at its Alabama Drydock and Shipbuilding Company to support the war effort by producing ships faster than the Axis powers could sink them.[36] Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation, a subsidiary of Waterman Steamship Corporation, focused on building freighters, Fletcher class destroyers, and minesweepers.[36] Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
Mobile and Mobile Bay from space, June 1991 Mobile Downtown Airport (IATA code BFM) is an airport located near the town of Mobile, Alabama. ...
SS is one of only two surviving Liberty ships. ...
Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
This article is about the independent states that comprised the Axis powers. ...
A subsidiary, in business, is an entity that is controlled by another entity. ...
Waterman Steamship Corporation is an American deep sea ocean carrier, specializing in liner services and time charter contracts. ...
Cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship that carries goods and materials from one port to another. ...
The United States Navy commissioned 175 Fletcher-class destroyers between 1942 and 1944. ...
Minesweeper can refer to: One who performs demining, or the removal of landmines in minefields. ...
The years after World War II brought about changes in Mobile's social structure and economy. Instead of shipbuilding being a primary economic force, the paper and chemical industries began to take over and most of the old military bases were converted to civilian uses. This period saw the end of racial segregation with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Though many in Mobile had considered the city to be tolerant and racially accommodating compared to other cities in the South, with the police force and one local college becoming integrated in the 1950s and the voluntary desegregation of buses and lunch counters by 1963, Caucasian Mobilians came to realize that Mobile's African American citizens were not nearly as content with the status quo as they had previously believed when in 1963 three African American students brought a case against the Mobile County School Board for being denied admission to Murphy High School.[37] The court ordered that the three students be admitted to Murphy for the 1964 school year.[37] President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964. ...
Historic Southern United States. ...
For the peoples actually from the Caucasus, see Peoples of the Caucasus. ...
This article is about the English rock band. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Some racial equality issues and hate crimes continued to occur in Mobile as late as the early 1990s.[38] The most notable instance was the 1981 random lynching of Michael Donald by Ku Klux Klan members on Herndon Avenue.[38] The perpetrators of the lynching were both convicted of murder with one receiving life in prison and the other being executed in 1997. This and the subsequent civil lawsuit filed by the Southern Poverty Law Center on behalf of Michael Donald's mother effectively put the Ku Klux Klan out of business in Alabama.[38] A fatal police shooting of an African American man in 1992 sparked violence and unrest in Mobile, leading to the formation of a Human Relations Commission by the city in 1994.[38] RSA Battle House Tower Located in Mobile, Alabama, is Alabamas tallest building. ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
A Jewish cemetery in France after being defaced by Neo-Nazis. ...
Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Gay bashing Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial...
The lynching of Michael Donald, 1981. ...
Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally during the 1920s. ...
The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is an American non-profit legal organization, whose stated purpose is to combat racism and promote civil rights through research, education and litigation. ...
Beginning in the late 1980s, the city council and former mayor, Mike Dow, began an effort termed the "String of Pearls Initiative" to make Mobile into a competitive, urban city.[39] This effort would see the building of numerous new facilities and projects around the city and the restoration of hundreds of other historic downtown buildings and homes.[39] This period also saw a 50% reduction in the rate of violent crime and a concerted effort by city and county leaders to attract new business ventures to the area.[40] The effort continues into the present with new city government leadership.[40] Shipbuilding began to make a major comeback in Mobile with the founding in 1999 of Austal USA, a joint venture of Australian shipbuilder, Austal, and Bender Shipbuilding.[41] A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ...
Austal USA is the American branch operation of Australia-based shipbuilder Austal Ships. ...
Austal Ships (ASX: ASB) is a shipbuilder located in Henderson, Western Australia. ...
[edit] Geography and climate
[edit] Geography Mobile is located at 30°40'46" North, 88°6'12" West (30.679523, -88.103280)[42], in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Alabama. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 412.9 km² (159.4 mi²). 305.4 km² (117.9 mi²) of it is land and 107.6 km² (41.5 mi²) of it is water.[43] The elevation in Mobile ranges from 10 ft (3 m) on Water Street in downtown[1] to 211 ft (64 m) at the Mobile Regional Airport.[44] Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ...
A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...
[edit] Climate Mobile's geographical location on the Gulf of Mexico provides a mild subtropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 67.5 °F (20 °C). Normal January through December temperatures range from 40 °F (4 °C) minimum and 91 °F (33 °C) maximum.[45] Mobile has hot, humid summers and mild, rainy winters. A 2007 study by WeatherBill, Inc. determined that Mobile is the wettest city in the contiguous 48 states, with 67 inches (170 cm) of average annual rainfall.[46] Mobile averages 59 rainy days per year.[46] Snow is rare in Mobile, with the last snowfall being on 18 December 1996.[47] Gulf of Mexico in 3D perspective. ...
Subtropical (or semitropical) areas are those adjacent to the tropics, usually roughly defined as the ranges 23. ...
For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
A centimetre (American spelling centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of length that is equal to one hundredth of a metre, the current SI base unit of length. ...
Being on the Gulf, Mobile is occasionally affected by major tropical storms and hurricanes.[48] Mobile suffered a major natural disaster on the night of 12 September 1979 when Category 3 Hurricane Frederic passed over the heart of the city. The storm caused tremendous damage to Mobile and the surrounding area.[49] Mobile received moderate damage from Hurricane Ivan on 16 September 2004.[50] Mobile also received moderate damage from Hurricane Katrina on 29 August 2005. A storm surge of 11.45 feet (3.49 m) damaged eastern sections of Mobile and caused extensive flooding in downtown.[51] This article is about weather phenomena. ...
This article is about weather phenomena. ...
The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is a scale classifying most Western Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical storms, and thereby become hurricanes. ...
Hurricane Frederic in 1979 was the one of the costliest hurricanes to ever hit the U.S. Gulf Coast. ...
This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 2004. ...
This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 2005. ...
| Weather averages for Mobile, Alabama | | Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | | Average high °F (°C) | 61 (16) | 65 (18) | 71 (22) | 77 (25) | 84 (29) | 89 (32) | 91 (33) | 91 (33) | 87 (31) | 79 (26) | 70 (21) | 63 (17) | | Average low °F (°C) | 40 (4) | 42 (6) | 49 (9) | 55 (13) | 63 (17) | 69 (21) | 72 (22) | 72 (22) | 68 (20) | 56 (13) | 48 (9) | 42 (6) | | Precipitation inch (mm) | 6 (152.4) | 5 (127) | 7 (177.8) | 5 (127) | 6 (152.4) | 5 (127) | 6 (152.4) | 6 (152.4) | 6 (152.4) | 3 (76.2) | 5 (127) | 5 (127) | | Source: US Travel Weather [52] 03 December 2007 |
[edit] Culture Mobile is home to an array of cultural influences with its French, British, Spanish, African, Creole and Catholic heritage distinguishing it from all other cities in the state of Alabama. The annual Carnival celebration is perhaps the best illustration of this. Carnival in Mobile has evolved over the course of 300 years from a sedate French Catholic tradition into a mainstream multi-week celebration across the spectrum of cultures.[53] This article describes the festival season. ...
[edit] Carnival and Mardi Gras - See also: Mardi Gras in Mobile
- See also: Mystic society
 A Carnival parade on Royal Street in Mobile. Mobile's Carnival celebrations start as early as November with several balls,[54] with the parades usually beginning after January 5.[55] Carnival celebrations end promptly at the stroke of midnight on Mardi Gras, signaling the beginning of Ash Wednesday and the first day of Lent.[56] Mardi Gras, though literally meaning Fat Tuesday and thus the last day of the Carnival season, is normally used locally to refer to the entire Carnival season. During this time Mobile's mystic societies build colorful Carnival floats and parade throughout downtown with masked society members tossing small gifts, known as throws, to the parade spectators.[57] Mobile's mystic societies also give formal masquerade balls, which are almost always invitation only and are oriented to adults.[55] Mardi Gras in Mobile: the Order of Myths parade. ...
This article describes the festival season. ...
A ball is a formal dance. ...
United States Marines on parade. ...
For other uses, see Mardi Gras (disambiguation). ...
In the Western Christian calendar, Ash Wednesday is the first day of Lent. ...
For other uses, see Lent (disambiguation). ...
In the Christian calendar, Shrove Tuesday is the English name for the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which in turn marks the beginning of Lent. ...
A masquerade ball (or masque) is an event which the participants attend in costume, usually including a mask. ...
Mobile first celebrated Carnival in 1703 when French settlers began the festivities at the Old Mobile Site.[14] Mobile's first Carnival society began in 1711 with the Boeuf Gras Society (Fatted Ox Society).[58] Mobile's Cowbellion de Rakin Society was the first formally organized and masked mystic society in the United States to celebrate with a parade in 1830.[14][56] The Cowbellions got their start when a cotton factor from Pennsylvania, Michael Krafft, began a parade with rakes, hoes, and cowbells.[56] The Cowbellians introduced horse-drawn floats to the parades in 1840 with a parade entitled, “Heathen Gods and Goddesses.[58] The Striker's Independent Society was formed in 1843 and is the oldest remaining mystic society in the United States.[58] Carnival celebrations in Mobile were canceled during the American Civil War. Mardi Gras parades were revived by Joe Cain in 1866 when he paraded through the city streets on Fat Tuesday while costumed as a fictional Chickasaw chief named Slacabamorinico, irreverently celebrating the day in front of the occupying Union Army troops.[59] The year 2002 saw Mobile's Tricentennial celebrated with parades that represented all of Mobile's mystic societies.[58] The Old Mobile Site was the location of the French settlement La Mobile and the associated Fort Louis de La Louisiane from 1702 until 1712. ...
This article is about the U.S. State. ...
The Strikers Independent Society (S. I. S.) was founded in 1843 [1] and was one of the mystic societies in Mobile, Alabama which participated in Carnival during New Years Eve and New Years Day celebrations. ...
Joseph Stillwell Cain (Joe Cain) is largely credited for the rebirth of Mardi Gras in Mobile, Alabama. ...
For other uses, see Chickasaw (disambiguation). ...
The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ...
An anniversary is a day that commemorates an event that occurred on the same day of the year some time in the past. ...
[edit] Archives and libraries The National African American Archives and Museum features the history of "Colored Carnival", African American participation in Mobile's Mardi Gras, authentic artifacts from the era of slavery, and portraits and biographies of famous African Americans.[60] The University of South Alabama Archives houses primary source material relating to the history of Mobile and southern Alabama as well as the university's history. The archives are loca |
