| Modoc |
 | | | Total population | | 800 (2000) Image File history File links Bandera_Modoc_Oklahoma. ...
| | Regions with significant populations | United States –
Oregon: 600
Oklahoma: 200
Official language(s) (none)[1] Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area Ranked 9th - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²) - Width 260 miles (420 km) - Length 360 miles (580 km) - % water 2. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Area Ranked 20th - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²) - Width 230 miles (370 km) - Length 298 miles (480 km) - % water 1. ...
| | Languages | | Historically Klamath, now English | | Religions | | | Related ethnic groups | | Klamath, Yahooskin | The Modoc tribe is a group of Native American people who originally lived in the area which is now northeastern California and central southern Oregon. They are currently divided between Oregon and Oklahoma. This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Modoc is the name of a Native American/First Nations people: Modoc, the people The Modoc War, their last armed resistance in 1873 Modoc has been the name of a number of ships: USCGC Modoc (WPG-46), a Tampa-class Coast Guard cutter USS Modoc (1865), a Casco-class light...
This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...
Official language(s) (none)[1] Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area Ranked 9th - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²) - Width 260 miles (420 km) - Length 360 miles (580 km) - % water 2. ...
Official language(s) (none)[1] Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area Ranked 9th - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²) - Width 260 miles (420 km) - Length 360 miles (580 km) - % water 2. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Area Ranked 20th - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²) - Width 230 miles (370 km) - Length 298 miles (480 km) - % water 1. ...
This article covers the Modoc as an ethnic group, tribe, or nation. http://www. ...
For other uses, see Nation (disambiguation). ...
History
Pre-Contact Prior to the 18th century, when European explorers first encountered the Modoc and opened trade relations, the Modoc, like all Plateau Indians, caught salmon during salmon runs, and migrated seasonally to hunt and gather other food. Their housing included portable tents and earthen dug-out lodges. The Plateau Indians live in the area between the Cascade Range and the Rocky Mountains and north of the Great Basin. ...
Neighboring groups In addition to the Klamath, with whom they shared a language and the Modoc Plateau, the groups neighboring the Modoc home were the following: The Modoc Plateau lies in the northeast corner of California as well as parts of Oregon and Nevada. ...
The Shasta (or Chasta) are an indigenous people of Northern California and Southern Oregon in the United States. ...
Rogue River is the name of an Native American group originally located in southern Oregon in the United States. ...
The Takelma (also Dagelma) were a Native American people that lived in the Rogue Valley of interior southwest Oregon, with most of their villages sited along the Rogue River. ...
Mount Adams in Washington state The Cascade Range is a mountainous region famous for its chain of tall volcanos called the High Cascades that run north-south along the west coast of North America from British Columbia to the Shasta Cascade area of northern California. ...
Paiute (sometimes written as Piute) refers to two related groups -- Northern Paiute and Southern Paiute--of Native North Americans speaking languages belonging to the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan family of Native American languages. ...
Karuk Karuk (also Karok) are an indigenous people of California in the United States. ...
Reconstruction of a Yurok Native American plankhouse constructed of redwood boards. ...
Settlements The known Modoc village sites are Agawesh where Willow Creek enters Lower Klamath Lake, Kumbat and Pashha on the shores of Tule Lake, and Wachamshwash and Nushalt-Hagak-ni on the Lost River Lower Klamath Lake is a lake in Siskiyou County, California, that currently serves to hold overflow water for irrigation. ...
Tule Lake was an internment camp in northern California used in the Japanese-American internment during World War II. It was one of the largest and most notorious of the camps, and did not close until after the war, in 1946. ...
Lost River The Lost River is a river in northern California and southwestern Oregon in the United States, approximately 70 mi (113 km) long. ...
First Contact In the 1820s, Peter Skene Ogden, an explorer for the Hudson's Bay Company, established trade with the Klamath people to the north of the Modoc. Peter Skene Ogden, alternately Skeene, Skein or Skeen (baptised 12 February 1790 – September 27, 1854) was a Canadian explorer of the American West. ...
The Hudsons Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie dHudson in French) is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. ...
This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
South Emigrant Trail established Lindsay Applegate, accompanied by fourteen other settlers in the Willamette and Rogue valleys in western Oregon, established the South Emigrant Trail in 1846 between a point on the Oregon Trail near Fort Hall, Idaho and the Willamette Valley. The purpose of this new route was to encourage settlers to western Oregon, to eliminate the hazards encountered on the Columbia Route, to provide an alternate route in the event of trouble with the United Kingdom (the British Hudson's Bay Company controlled the Columbia Route), and to provide a route which would be open except for a short winter season each year. The Applegate Trail was wilderness trail through todays Nevada, northern California, and Oregon, and was originally intended as a less dangerous route to the Oregon Territory. ...
1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
The Ox Team or the Old Oregon Trail 1852-1906 by Ezra Meeker. ...
Houses in Fort Hall, Idaho Fort Hall is a census-designated place located in northern Bannock County, and southern Bingham County, in southeastern Idaho. ...
The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley is the region in northwest Oregon in the United States that surrounds the Willamette River as it proceeds northward from its emergence from mountains near Eugene to its confluence with the Columbia River. ...
A family of Russian settlers in the Caucasus region, ca. ...
The Hudsons Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie dHudson in French) is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. ...
Applegate and his party were the first known white men to enter what is now the Lava Beds National Monument. On their exploring trip eastward they attempted to pass around the south end of Tule Lake but the rough lava along the shore forced them to seek a route around the north end of the lake. Lava Beds National Monument, located in Siskiyou and Modoc Counies, California, is the site of the largest concentration of lava tube caves in the United States. ...
Tule Lake was an internment camp in northern California used in the Japanese-American internment during World War II. It was one of the largest and most notorious of the camps, and did not close until after the war, in 1946. ...
The opening of the South Emigrant Trail brought the first regular contact between the Modoc and the European settlers, who had largely ignored the area before. Many of the events of the Modoc War took place along the South Emigrant Trail. The Modoc War, or Modoc Campaign (also known as the Lava Beds War), was an armed conflict between the Native American Modoc tribe and the United States Army in southern Oregon and northern California from 1872–1873 . ...
Emigrant invasion Beginning in 1847, the Modocs raided emigrants on the South Emigrant Trail. The Modocs, numbering about 600 warriors under the leadership of Old Chief Schonchin, inhabited the region around Lower Klamath Lake, Tule Lake, and Lost River in northern California and southern Oregon. Lower Klamath Lake is a lake in Siskiyou County, California, that currently serves to hold overflow water for irrigation. ...
In September 1852, the Modocs destroyed an emigrant train at Bloody Point on the east shore of Tule Lake. Of the 65 persons in the train only three escaped immediate death. Two young girls were taken as prisoners and reportedly killed several years later by jealous Modoc women, and one man who made his way to Yreka, California. Hearing the news of the attack, Yreka settlers organized a party, under the leadership of Jim Crosby, to go to the scene of the massacre to bury the dead and avenge their death. Crosby's party had one skirmish with a band of Modocs. 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Bloody Point is a headland in Trinity Parish, Saint Kitts. ...
Yreka (pronounced wye-REE-ka ()) is the county seat of Siskiyou County, California. ...
The attacks on emigrants by the Modocs aroused settlers at Yreka to send out a party under the leadership of Ben Wright, a notorious Indian hater, in 1856. Accounts differ as to what actually took place when Wright's party finally met the Modocs on Lost River, but most agree that Wright planned to ambush the Modocs. Wright attacked, killing approximately 80 Modocs. This loss led to the general mistrust of the white settlers by the Modocs. 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
It has been estimated that at least 300 emigrants and settlers were killed by the Modocs during the years 1846 to 1873. Perhaps as many Modocs were killed by settlers and slave traders.
Treaty with the United States The United States, the Klamaths, Modocs[citation needed], and Yahooskin band of Snake tribes signed a treaty in 1864, establishing the Klamath Reservation. The treaty had the tribes cede the land bounded on the north by the 44th parallel, on the west and south by the ridges of the Cascade Mountains, and on the east by lines touching Goose Lake and Henley Lake back up to the 44th parallel. In return, the United States was to make a lump sum payment of $35,000, and annual payments totalling $80,000 over 15 years, as well as providing infrastructure and staff for the reservation. The treaty provided that, if the Indians drank or stored intoxicating liquor on the reservation, the payments could be withheld and that the United States could locate additional tribes on the reservation in the future. The tribes requested Lindsay Applegate as the agent to represent the United States to them. This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
Goose Lake can refer to: Goose Lake in Alaska in the United States. ...
Under the terms of this treaty the Modocs, with Old Chief Schonchin as their leader, gave up their lands in the Lost River, Tule Lake, and Lower Klamath Lake regions, and moved to the reservation in the Upper Klamath Valley[citation needed]. The Indian agent estimated the total population of the three tribes at about 2,000 when the treaty was signed.
The land of the reservation did not provide enough food for the comfort of both the Klamath and the Modoc peoples. Illness and tension between the tribes increased. The Modoc requested a separate reservation closer to their ancestral home, but neither the federal nor the California government would approve it.
In 1870, a group of Modocs under the leadership of Keintpuash (Captain Jack to the Europeans) left the reservation to reestablish a village near the Lost River, because they had not been represented in the treaty negotiations and often fought with the Klamaths[citation needed]. For the music group, see Captain Jack (music). ...
Modoc War Main article: Modoc War Image File history File links Winema or Tobey Riddle, a Modoc, standing between an agent and her husband Frank (on her left), with four Modoc women in front. ...
Image File history File links Winema or Tobey Riddle, a Modoc, standing between an agent and her husband Frank (on her left), with four Modoc women in front. ...
The Modoc War, or Modoc Campaign (also known as the Lava Beds War), was an armed conflict between the Native American Modoc tribe and the United States Army in southern Oregon and northern California from 1872–1873 . ...
In November 1872, the US Army was sent to Lost River to attempt to force the Keintpuash's band back to the reservation. A battle broke out, and the Modocs escaped to Captain Jack's Stronghold in what is now Lava Beds National Monument, California. The band of 60-90 warriors was able to hold off the 3,000 troops of the US Army for several months, defeating them in combat several times. In April 1873, the Modocs left the Stronghold and began to splinter. Keintpuash and his group were the last captured on June 4, 1873 when they voluntarily gave themselves up, after assurances from the US government that their people would be treated fairly and that all of the warriors would be allowed to live on their own land. Keintpuash and three of his warriors were hanged in October of that year for the murder of Major General Edward Canby, after the General violated agreements that had been made with the Modocs, and the rest of the band was sent to Oklahoma as prisoners of war with Scarfaced Charley as their chief. Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
The Battle of Lost River in November 1872 was the first battle in the Modoc War in the northwestern United States. ...
Captain Jacks Stronghold, named for Modoc chief Captain Jack, is a part of Lava Beds National Monument. ...
Lava Beds National Monument, located in Siskiyou and Modoc Counies, California, is the site of the largest concentration of lava tube caves in the United States. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...
1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
June 4 is the 155th day of the year (156th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Major General E.R.S Canby Edward Richard Sprigg Canby (November 9, 1817 – April 11, 1873) was a career U.S. Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War and Indian Wars. ...
Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ...
Scarface Charley (1851? - December 3, 1896) was a chief of the Modoc tribe of Native Americans. ...
In the 1870s, Peter Cooper brought Indians to speak to Indian rights groups in eastern cities. One of the delegations was from the Madoc and Klamath tribes. In 1907, the group in Oklahoma was given permission, if they wished, to return to Oregon. Several did, but most stayed at their new home. Peter Cooper (February 12, 1791 – April 4, 1883) was an American industrialist, inventor, philanthropist, and candidate for President of the United States. ...
Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Population Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. (See Population of Native California.) James Mooney (1928:18) put the aboriginal population of the Modoc at 400. Alfred L. Kroeber (1925:883) estimated the 1770 Modoc population within California as 500. Theodore Stern (1998) suggested that there had been a total of about 500 Modoc. Native California Population, according to Cook 1978. ...
James Mooney (1861-1921) was a notable anthropologist who lived for several years among the Cherokee. ...
Alfred Louis Kroeber Alfred Louis Kroeber (June 11, 1876–October 5, 1960) was one of the most influential figures in American anthropology in the first half of the twentieth century. ...
Geography
Oregon About 600 members of the tribe currently live in Klamath County, Oregon, in and around their ancestral homelands. This group included the Modocs who stayed on the reservation during the Modoc War, as well as the descendants of those who chose to return to Oregon from Oklahoma in 1909. Since that time, many of them have followed the path of the Klamath. Klamath County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oregon. ...
This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Oklahoma 200 Modocs live in Oklahoma on the Quapaw Indian Reservation at the far northeast corner of Oklahoma. They are descendants of the band led by Captain Jack (Keintpuash) during the Modoc War of 1872 - 1873. The Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma was officially recognized by the United States government in 1978, and their constitution was approved in 1991. Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Area Ranked 20th - Total 69,898 sq mi (181,196 km²) - Width 230 miles (370 km) - Length 298 miles (480 km) - % water 1. ...
For the music group, see Captain Jack (music). ...
Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Culture
Language The original language of the Modoc and that of the Klamath, their neighbors to the north, were branches of the family of Plateau Penutian languages. The Klamath and Modoc languages together are sometimes referred to as Lutuamian languages. Pre-contact distribution of Plateau Penutian languages Plateau Penutian (also Shahapwailutan) is a family of languages spoken in northern California, reaching through central-western Oregon to northern Washington and central-northern Idaho. ...
Both peoples called themselves maklaks, meaning people. When they wanted to distinguish between themselves, the Modoc were called Moatokni maklaks, from muat meaning "South".
Religion The religion of the Modoc is not known in detail. The number 5 figured heavily in ritual, as in the Shuyuhalsh a five-night dance ritual for adolescent girls. A sweat lodge was used for purification and mourning ceremonies.
Classifications The Modoc are grouped with the Plateau Indians—the peoples who originally lived on the Columbia Plateau. They were most closely linked with the Klamath people. The Plateau Indians live in the area between the Cascade Range and the Rocky Mountains and north of the Great Basin. ...
The Washington towns of Spokane, Vantage, Yakima and Pasco, and the Oregon town of Pendleton, lie on the Columbia River Plateau. ...
Miscellaneous Modoc County, California, and Modoc, Indiana are named for this group of people. Modoc County is a county located in the far northeast corner of the U.S. state of California, bounded by the state of Oregon to the north and the state of Nevada to the east. ...
Modoc from the air, looking northeast. ...
See also Modoc traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Modoc and Klamath people of northern California and southern Oregon. ...
External links
References - Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 1865. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of the Interior for the Year 1865: Reports of Agents in Oregon U.S. Office of Indian Affairs, Washington, D.C.
- Kroeber, A. L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
- Mooney, James. 1928. The Aboriginal Population of America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections No. 80(7). Washington, D.C.
- Stern, Theodore. 1998. "Klamath and Modoc". In Plateau, edited by Deward E. Walker, Jr., pp. 446-456. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 12. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
- Waldman, Carl. 1999. Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Checkmark, New York. ISBN 0-8160-3964-X
- Personal notes from Buddy Crimm, nephew of Captain Jack.
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