NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Monarchy in Canada

The Canadian monarchy is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Canada, holding the position of head of state; the incumbent is Elizabeth II, officially called Queen of Canada (French: Reine du Canada), who has reigned since February 6, 1952. The heir apparent is Elizabeth's eldest son, Prince Charles, though the Queen is presently the only member of the Canadian Royal Family with any constitutional role. She, her husband and consort, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Charles, and other members of the Royal Family, including the Queen's other children and cousins, undertake various public ceremonial functions across Canada and on behalf of Canada abroad. Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... For other uses, see Monarch (disambiguation). ... â€œSovereignâ€ redirects here. ... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, wearing the Sovereigns insignia of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit The style of the Canadian Sovereign has varied over the years. ... Cleopatra is one of the most well-known queens regnant A queen regnant (plural queens regnant) is a woman monarch possessing and exercising all of the monarchal powers of a king, in contrast with a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king, and in and of her... is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Contrasting with heir presumptive, an heir apparent is one who cannot be prevented from inheriting by the birth of any other person. ... â€œPrince Charlesâ€ redirects here. ... This article is about the monarchy of Canada, one of sixteen that share a common monarch; for information about this constitutional relationship, see Commonwealth realm; for information on the reigning monarch, see Elizabeth II. For information about other Commonwealth realm monarchies, as well as other relevant articles, see Commonwealth realm... The Dominion of Canada was created by the British North America Act (now known as the Constitution Act) of 1867. ... â€œPrince Philipâ€ redirects here. ...

Most of the Queen's powers in Canada are exercised by the Governor General, presently Michaëlle Jean, though the monarch does hold several powers that are hers alone. The Governor General is sometimes referred to as Canada's de facto head of state.^[1] The Governor General of Canada (French (feminine): Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or (masculine) Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the vice-regal representative in Canada of the Canadian monarch, who is the head of state; Canada is one of sixteen Commonwealth realms, all of which share the... MichaÃ«lle Jean, CC, CMM, COM, CD, DUniv (honoris causa), D.Litt (honoris causa) , (born September 6, 1957, in Port-au-Prince, HaÃ¯ti) is the current Governor General of Canada. ... A de facto head of state is an office-holder who fulfils some, many or all of the functions of a head of state. ...

The Canadian monarch, besides reigning in Canada, separately serves as head of state for each of fifteen other Commonwealth countries. This developed from the former colonial relationship of these countries to Britain, but they are now independent and the monarchy of each is legally distinct. For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2006 Headquarters Marlborough House, London, UK Official languages English Membership 53 sovereign states Leaders - Queen Elizabeth II - Secretary-General Don McKinnon (since 1 April 2000) Establishment - Balfour Declaration 18 November 1926 - Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931 - London Declaration 28 April 1949 Area - Total...

The Canadian Crown is sometimes colloquially dubbed "the Maple Crown," a term first coined by Governor General Lord Grey in 1905, when he stated about his inauguration of Alberta and Saskatchewan in a telegram to King Edward VII "[each one] a new leaf in Your Majesty's Maple Crown."^[2] Albert Grey Albert Henry George Grey, 4th Earl Grey (November 28, 1851 – August 29, 1917) was the ninth Governor General of Canada from 1904 to 1911. ... Motto: Fortis et liber(Latin) Strong and free Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Official languages English (see below) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong - Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 28 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (split from Northwest Territories) (8th [Province]) Area Ranked... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: The Strength of Many Peoples) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area Ranked... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 â€“ 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. ...

Origins

The current Canadian monarchy can trace its ancestral lineage back to the Anglo-Saxon period, and ultimately back to the kings of the Angles and the early Scottish kings. Parts of the territories that today comprise Canada were claimed under King Francis I in 1534, while others were claimed by Queen Elizabeth I in 1583; both of whom are blood relatives of the current monarch. Throughout the 18th century, via war and treaties, the Canadian colonies of France were ceded to King George III. The colonies were confederated by Queen Victoria in 1867 to form Canada as a kingdom in its own right,^[3] and the country was proclaimed fully independent, via constitutional patriation, by Queen Elizabeth II in 1982. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x2500, 759 KB)Queen of Canada - Wearing the insignia of the Order of Canada (above) & the Order of Military Merit (below) Official Photographic Portrait of Her Majesty The Queen of Canada The official Canadian portrait of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x2500, 759 KB)Queen of Canada - Wearing the insignia of the Order of Canada (above) & the Order of Military Merit (below) Official Photographic Portrait of Her Majesty The Queen of Canada The official Canadian portrait of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... For other uses, see Monarch (disambiguation). ... Seal of the Order of Canada The Order of Canada is Canadas highest civilian honour, with membership awarded to those who exemplify the Orders Latin motto Desiderantes meliorem patriam, which means (those) desiring a better country (Hebrews 11. ... The Order of Military Merit is an Order (decoration) issued by Canada to members of the Canadian Forces who have demonstrated dedication and devotion beyond the call of duty. ... For the documentary series, see Monarchy (TV series). ... The History of Anglo-Saxon England covers the history of early medieval England from the end of Roman Britain and the establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 5th century until the Conquest by the Normans in 1066. ... The Angles were the dominant Germanic tribe in the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, and gave their name to the English. ... Motto Latin: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) (Scots: Wha daur meddle wi me) Capital EdinburghÂ¹ Language(s) Gaelic, Scots Government Monarchy King/Queen - 843-860 Kenneth I - 1587â€“1625 James VI - 1702-1714 Anne Legislature Parliament of Scotland History - United 843 - Union of the... Francis I of France (French: FranÃ§ois Ier) (September 12, 1494 â€“ March 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (le PÃ¨re et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... This article is about Elizabeth I of England. ... Kinship terminology refers to the words used in a specific culture to describe a specific system of familial relationships. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien RÃ©gime in France - Royal Control 1655 - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759 - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760 - Treaty... â€œGeorge IIIâ€ redirects here. ... We dont have an article called Canadian-confederation Start this article Search for Canadian-confederation in. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 â€“ 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 May 1876, until her death on 22 January 1901. ... For the documentary series, see Monarchy (TV series). ... The Constitution Act, 1982 (Schedule B of the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.)) is a part of the Constitution of Canada. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ...

International and domestic aspects

Sixteen states within the 53-member Commonwealth of Nations are in a personal union relationship and are known as Commonwealth realms;^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Canada is one of these. Despite sharing the same person as their respective national monarch, each of the Commonwealth realms is sovereign and independent of the others.^[8] The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2006 Headquarters Marlborough House, London, UK Official languages English Membership 53 sovereign states Leaders - Queen Elizabeth II - Secretary-General Don McKinnon (since 1 April 2000) Establishment - Balfour Declaration 18 November 1926 - Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931 - London Declaration 28 April 1949 Area - Total... It has been suggested that Dynastic union be merged into this article or section. ... The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the sixteen sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that recognise Elizabeth II as their respective monarch. ...

The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the sixteen sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that recognise Elizabeth II as their respective monarch. ...

Development of shared monarchy

The Balfour Declaration of 1926 provided the Dominions the right to be considered equal to Britain, rather than subordinate; an agreement that had the result of a shared Crown that operates independently in each realm rather than a unitary British Crown under which all the Dominions were secondary. The monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution, although it has often been called "British" since this time (in both legal and common language) for reasons historical, political, and of convenience. The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act, 1927 was the first indication of this shift in law, further elaborated in the Statute of Westminster, 1931. The Balfour Declaration of 1926 is a statement of the October-November 1926 Imperial Conference of British Empire leaders in London. ... This article is about Dominions of the British Empire and of the Commonwealth of Nations. ... This article is about Dominions of the British Empire and of the Commonwealth of Nations. ... The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act, 1927 (17 Geo 5, c. ... ...

Though constitutional laws governing the line of succession to the Canadian throne lie within the control of the Canadian parliament, via adopting the Statute of Westminster Canada agreed not to change its rules of succession without the unanimous consent of the other realms, unless explicitly leaving the shared monarchy relationship. This situation applies symmetrically in all the other realms, including the United Kingdom, a situation that has been likened to a treaty amongst these countries.^[9] Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Senate Chamber of Parliament Hill in Ottawa. ... Sphere symmetry group o. ... This does not cite any references or sources. ...

On all matters of the Canadian state, the monarch is advised solely by Canadian federal and provincial Ministers of the Crown. Effective with the Constitution Act, 1982, no British or other realm government can advise the monarch on any matters pertinent to Canada.^[10] A minister or a secretary is a politician who heads a government ministry or department (e. ... The Constitution Act, 1982 (Schedule B of the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.)) is a part of the Constitution of Canada. ...

The Privy Council Office as it appeared in the 1880s The Queens Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privÃ© de la Reine pour le Canada) is the council of advisers to the Queen of Canada, whose members are appointed by the Governor General of Canada for life on the...

Title

In Canada, the Queen's official title is: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, wearing the Sovereigns insignia of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit The style of the Canadian Sovereign has varied over the years. ...

This style communicates Canada's status as an independent monarchy, highlighting the sovereign's role specifically as Queen of Canada, as well as the shared aspect of the Crown throughout the realms, by mentioning Canada separately from the other countries. Typically, the sovereign is styled "Queen of Canada," and is addressed as such when in Canada, or performing duties on behalf of Canada abroad. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The present British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, is the second to be recognised as Head of the Commonwealth in the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. ... Defenders of the Faith. ...

Although the Queen's Canadian titles include "Defender of the Faith/Défenseur de la Foi," neither the Queen nor any of her governors has any religious role in Canada; there have been no established churches in Canada since before confederation. Defenders of the Faith. ... In English history, the Established Church is the Church of England, the church which is established by the Government, supported by it, and of which the monarch is the titular head; until 1920 it also held the same position in Wales. ... We dont have an article called Canadian-confederation Start this article Search for Canadian-confederation in. ...

Finance

Contrary to common misconception, Canadians do not pay any money to the Queen, either for personal income or to support the royal residences outside of Canada. Only when the Queen is in Canada, or acting abroad as Queen of Canada, does she draw from Canadian coffers for support in the performance of her duties. This rule applies equally to other members of the Royal Family.^[11] Usually the Queen's Canadian governments pay only for the costs associated with the Governor General and Lieutenant Governors in their exercising of the powers of the Crown on behalf of the Queen, including travel, security, residences, offices, ceremonial occasions, etc.^[11] This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...

Provincial and federal records of expenditures associated with the Crown are kept, but no official report on the cost of the monarchy to Canadians is compiled. However, every three years the Monarchist League of Canada issues a survey, based on various federal and provincial government budgets, expenditures and estimates, that outlines a yearly cost for the functioning of the Crown. The 2005 survey found that the institution cost Canadians roughly $49 million in 2004.^[12] The Coat of Arms of the Monarchist League of Canada, granted with permission of Her Majesty The Queen in 2000. ...

Previous surveys found that the overall cost of the Canadian Crown was $22 million in 1999,^[13] and $34 million in 2002.^[11]^[14] (This does not take into account the inflation of the Canadian Dollar over these years.) â€œC$â€ redirects here. ...

Succession

The heir apparent is Elizabeth II's eldest son, Charles.^[15] Upon the demise of the Crown the Queen's Privy Council for Canada is expected to proclaim him King of Canada upon his accession to the throne. Image File history File links From [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links From [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... â€œPrince Charlesâ€ redirects here. ... Contrasting with heir presumptive, an heir apparent is one who cannot be prevented from inheriting by the birth of any other person. ... Contrasting with heir presumptive, an heir apparent is one who cannot be prevented from inheriting by the birth of any other person. ... â€œPrince Charlesâ€ redirects here. ... In relation to the British monarchy, the Demise of the Crown is the legal term for the end of a reign by a king or queen. ... The Privy Council Office as it appeared in the 1880s The Queens Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privÃ© de la Reine pour le Canada) is the council of advisers to the Queen of Canada, whose members are appointed by the Governor General of Canada for life on the... Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, wearing the Sovereigns insignia of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit The style of the Canadian Sovereign has varied over the years. ...

Succession to the throne is by male-preference primogeniture, and governed by the provisions of the Act of Settlement, 1701, as well as the English Bill of Rights; these documents, though originally passed by the Parliament of England, are now part of Canadian constitutional law, under control of the Canadian parliament only. As such, the rules for succession are not fixed, but may be changed by a constitutional amendment. This legislation restricts the succession to the natural (i.e. non-adopted), legitimate descendants of Sophia, Electress of Hanover (1630–1714), a granddaughter of James I, and lays out the rules that the monarch cannot be a Roman Catholic, nor married to one, and must be in communion with the Church of England upon ascending the throne, a provision that has led to a legal challenge. As Canada's laws governing succession are currently identical to those of the United Kingdom (by the Statute of Westminster), see Succession to the British Throne for more information. This does not cite any references or sources. ... Act of Settlement The Electress Sophia of Hanover The Act of Settlement (12 & 13 Wm 3 c. ... English Bill of Rights (1689). ... The English parliament in front of the King, c. ... For other uses, see Adoption (disambiguation). ... Electress Sophia of Hanover (born Sophia, Countess Palatine of Simmern; 14 October 1630 â€“ 8 June 1714) was the youngest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, of the House of Wittelsbach, the Winter King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth Stuart. ... James VI and I (19 June 1566 â€“ 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother Mary... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The Church of England logo since 1998 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ... ODonohue v. ... Succession to the British Throne has generally been according to the rules of male-preference primogeniture. ...

Upon a "demise in the Crown" (the death of a sovereign), his or her heir immediately and automatically succeeds, without any need for confirmation or further ceremony; hence arises the phrase "The King is dead. Long live the King!" Nevertheless, it is customary for the accession of the sovereign to be publicly proclaimed by the Queen's Privy Council, which meets at Rideau Hall. After an appropriate period of mourning has passed, the sovereign is also crowned in Westminster Abbey, normally by the Archbishop of Canterbury. A coronation is not necessary for a sovereign to reign; for example, Edward VIII was never crowned, yet was undoubtedly king during his short reign. The King is dead. ... Rideau Hall is the official residence of the Governor General of Canada, and is the place of residence of the Monarch of Canada when visiting Ottawa. ... British coronations are held in Westminster Abbey. ... The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a mainly Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral (and indeed often mistaken for one), in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. ... The Archbishop of Canterbury is the spiritual leader and senior clergyman of the Church of England, recognized by convention as the head of the worldwide Anglican Communion. ... Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 â€“ 28 May 1972) was King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910â€“36), on 20...

After an individual ascends the throne, he or she continues to reign until death. Monarchs are not allowed to unilaterally abdicate; the only Canadian monarch to abdicate, Edward VIII, did so with the authorization of a special Act of the Canadian Parliament: the Succession to the Throne Act. Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 â€“ 28 May 1972) was King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910â€“36), on 20... An Act of Parliament or Act is law enacted by the parliament (see legislation). ... The Succession to the Throne Act (1 Geo. ...

Constitutional role

Canada's constitution is made up of a variety of statutes and conventions that are either British or Canadian in origin, which gives Canada a similar parliamentary system of government as the other Commonwealth realms. All powers of state are constitutionally reposed in the monarch,^[16] who is represented at the federal level by the Governor General of Canada – appointed by the monarch upon the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada – and at the provincial level by Lieutenant Governors – appointed by the Governor General upon the advice of the Prime Minister, usually in consultation with the relevant provincial premier;^[17] the monarch is informed of the Prime Minister's decision before the Governor General gives Royal Assent.^[18] Most of the Queen's domestic duties are performed by these vice-regal representatives. Image File history File links EIIR-Canadian_Parliament. ... Image File history File links EIIR-Canadian_Parliament. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... Queen Beatrix of The Netherlands reads her countrys Speech from the Throne Queen Elizabeth II reads Canadas Speech from the Throne in 1977 The Speech from the Throne, sometimes referred to by the shorter term Throne Speech, is an event in certain monarchies in which the monarch (or... The Parliament of Canada (in French: le Parlement du Canada) is Canadas legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. ... â€œPrince Philipâ€ redirects here. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada. ... The Governor General of Canada (French (feminine): Gouverneure gÃ©nÃ©rale du Canada or (masculine) Gouverneur gÃ©nÃ©ral du Canada) is the vice-regal representative in Canada of the Canadian monarch, who is the head of state; Canada is one of sixteen Commonwealth realms, all of which share the... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), is the Minister of the Crown who is head of the Government of Canada. ... In Canada, the lieutenant-governor (often without a hyphen[1], pronounced ), in French lieutenant-gouverneur/lieutenant-gouverneure (always with a hyphen), is the Canadian Monarchs, or Crowns, representative in a province, much as the Governor General is her representative at the national level. ... // The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of lawmaking by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. ...

As all executive authority is vested in the sovereign, the institutions of government are said to act under her authority; hence, the government of Canada is formally referred to as "Her Majesty's Government in Canada,"^[19] however, since the early 1970s, though the constitutional arrangements have not changed, the government is more often addressed simply as "The Government of Canada." As such, the constitution instructs that any change to the position of the monarch, or the monarch's representatives in Canada, requires the consent of the Senate, the House of Commons, and the legislative assemblies of all the provinces. Queen Elizabeth the second was the first person who created the law and the taxes and judging to count the votes from the voters from all around Canada. ... The Senate of Canada (French: Le SÃ©nat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ...

Constitutional duties

The role of the Queen and the Governor General is both legal and practical; the Crown is regarded as a corporation, in which several parts share the authority of the whole, with the Queen as the person at the centre of the constitutional construct.^[20]

The vast powers that belong to the Crown are collectively known as the Royal Prerogative, which includes many powers, such as the ability to make treaties and send ambassadors, as well as certain duties such as to defend the realm and to maintain the Queen's peace. Parliamentary approval is not required for the exercise of the Royal Prerogative; moreover, the consent of the Crown must be obtained before either of the Houses of Parliament may even debate a bill affecting the sovereign's prerogatives or interests. It is important to note that the Royal Prerogative belongs to the Crown, and not to any of the ministers, though it may sometimes appear that way.^[20] Although the Royal Prerogative is extensive, it is not unlimited. For example, the monarch does not have the prerogative to impose and collect new taxes; such an action requires the authorization of an Act of Parliament. The Royal Prerogative is a body of customary authority, privilege, and immunity, recognised in common law jurisdictions possessing a monarchy as belonging to the Crown alone. ... An ambassador, rarely embassador, is a diplomatic official accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization, to serve as the official representative of his or her own country. ... In English law, the Queens peace (or Kings peace, when a male is on the throne) is the peaceful, violence-free state that the realm should endure in at all times. ... An Act of Parliament or Act is law enacted by the parliament (see legislation). ...

The Crown is responsible for appointing a prime minister to advise the monarch or governor general on how to execute their executive powers. In accordance with unwritten constitutional conventions, the monarch or Governor General must appoint the individual most likely to maintain the support of the House of Commons: usually, the leader of the party which has a majority in that house. In a parliament in which no party or coalition holds a majority, the Crown is required, by convention, to appoint the individual most likely to command the support of the House of Commons, usually, but not necessarily, the leader of the largest party. Thus, for example, Paul Martin remained Prime Minister for over a year after the 2004 election, even though his party did not command a majority in the commons. Situations can arise in which the Governor General's judgement about the most suitable leader to be Prime Minister has to be brought into play.^[21] The Queen is informed by the Governor General of the acceptance of the resignation of a prime minister and the swearing-in of a new prime minister and members of the ministry.^[21] The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ... Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, PC, MP, BA, LLB, LLD (h. ... The Canadian federal election, 2004 (more formally, the 38th general election), was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons. ...

It is a duty of the Crown to also appoint and dismiss ministers, members of various executive agencies, and other officials. The appointment of lieutenant governors, members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, Senators, the Speaker of the Senate, Supreme Court justices, and Superior and County Court judges in each province, also falls under the Royal Prerogative, though these duties are specifically assigned to the Governor General by the Constitution Act, 1867, save for the appointment of judges to the Courts of Probate in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Effectively, however, the appointees are chosen by the Prime Minister, or, for less important offices, by other ministers. The lieutenant governors are also specifically delegated to appoint under the Great Seal of the Province, the Attorney General, the Secretary and Registrar of the Province, the Treasurer of the Province, the Commissioner of Crown Lands, and the Commissioner of Agriculture and Public Works, and in the Case of Quebec the Solicitor General. In Canada, the lieutenant-governor (often without a hyphen[1], pronounced ), in French lieutenant-gouverneur/lieutenant-gouverneure (always with a hyphen), is the Canadian Monarchs, or Crowns, representative in a province, much as the Governor General is her representative at the national level. ... The Privy Council Office as it appeared in the 1880s The Queens Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privÃ© de la Reine pour le Canada) is the council of advisers to the Queen of Canada, whose members are appointed by the Governor General of Canada for life on the... The Senate of Canada (French: Le SÃ©nat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprÃªme du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ... In law, and more specifically, in the Anglo-American common law legal tradition, a superior court is a court of general jurisdiction over all, or major, civil and criminal cases. ... The Constitution Act, 1867 (formerly called the British North America Act, 1867, and still known informally as the BNA Act), constitutes a major part of Canadas Constitution. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English, Canadian Gaelic Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Crown land is a designated area belonging to the Crown, the equivalent of an entailed estate that passed with the monarchy and could not be alienated from it. ...

In addition, it is the Crown's prerogative to declare war, make peace, and direct the actions of the military, although the Prime Minister holds de facto decision-making power over the armed forces. The Royal Prerogative also extends to foreign affairs: the sovereign or Governor General may negotiate and ratify treaties, alliances, and international agreements; no parliamentary approval is required. However, a treaty cannot alter the domestic laws of Canada; an Act of Parliament is necessary in such cases. The Governor General, on behalf of the Queen, also accredits Canadian High Commissioners and ambassadors, and receives diplomats from foreign states. In addition, all Canadian passports are issued in the monarch's name. In Canada, major public inquiries are called Royal Commissions, and are created by the Cabinet, on behalf of the monarch, through a Royal Warrant. High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment. ... For Microsoft Corporationâ€™s â€œuniversal loginâ€ service, formerly known as Microsoft Passport Network, see Windows Live ID. For other types of travel document, see Travel document. ... In the politics and government of Commonwealth states such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom, as well as the Republic of Ireland a public inquiry is an official review of events or actions ordered by the government. ... In states that are Commonwealth Realms a Royal Commission is a major government public inquiry into an issue. ... A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ...

The sovereign is one of the three components of parliament; the others are the Senate and the House of Commons. The Constitution Act, 1867, also outlines that the Governor General alone is responsible for summoning the House of Commons, though it remains the monarch's prerogative to prorogue, and dissolve parliament. The new parliamentary session is marked by the State Opening of Parliament, during which either the monarch of the Governor General reads the Speech from the Throne in the Senate Chamber, outlining the Government's legislative agenda. A general election follows dissolution, the writs for which are dropped by the Governor General at Rideau Hall. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (600x751, 258 KB) Scanned image of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, King and Queen of Canada, in the Canadian Senate, May 21, 1939. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (600x751, 258 KB) Scanned image of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, King and Queen of Canada, in the Canadian Senate, May 21, 1939. ... George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 â€“ 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death. ... Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, wearing the Sovereigns insignia of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit The style of the Canadian Sovereign has varied over the years. ... Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, later Queen Elizabeth (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite; 4 August 1900 â€“ 30 March 2002), was the Queen Consort of King George VI of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 1936 until his death in 1952. ... // The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of lawmaking by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Senate Chamber of Parliament Hill in Ottawa. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Senate of Canada (French: Le SÃ©nat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ... The Constitution Act, 1867 (formerly called the British North America Act, 1867, and still known informally as the BNA Act), constitutes a major part of Canadas Constitution. ... A prorogation is the period between two sessions of a legislative body. ... In parliamentary systems, a dissolution of parliament is the dispersal of a legislature at the call of an election. ... In the United Kingdom, the State Opening of Parliament is an annual event held usually in October or November that marks the commencement of a session of Parliament. ... Queen Elizabeth II reads Canadas Speech from the Throne in 1977 The Speech from the Throne (or Throne Speech) is an event in certain monarchies in which the monarch (or a representative) reads a prepared speech to a complete session of parliament, outlining the governments agenda for the... A writ of election is a writ issued by the government ordering the holding of a special election for a governmental office. ... Dropping the writ is the informal term for a procedure in some parliamentary government systems, where the head of government, that is the prime minister, premier or chief minister as the case may be, goes to the head of state and formally advises them to dissolve parliament. ... Rideau Hall is the official residence of the Governor General of Canada, and is the place of residence of the Monarch of Canada when visiting Ottawa. ...

There are also a few duties which must be specifically performed by, or bills that require assent by the Queen. These include: signing the appointment papers of Governors General, the confirmation of awards of Canadian honours, and approving any change in her Canadian title.^[23] On occasion the monarch must personally act directly in partisan affairs. For example, this occurred when Queen Elizabeth II expanded the number of Senate seats to assure passage of the GST. Cleopatra is one of the most well-known queens regnant A queen regnant (plural queens regnant) is a woman monarch possessing and exercising all of the monarchal powers of a king, in contrast with a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king, and in and of her... The Queen of Canada, Elizabeth II, is the font of the Canadian honours system, pictured here wearing her insignias as Sovereign of the Order of Canada and of the Order of Military Merit The Canadian honours system has developed as a unique entity since the centennial of Canadian Confederation in... Look up Partisan (political) in Wiktionary, the free dictionary In politics, a partisan is a person who supports a cause, party, or goal fervently, usually to the exclusion of all others. ... The Senate of Canada (French: Le SÃ©nat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... The Canadian Goods and Services Tax (GST) (French: Taxe sur les produits et services, TPS) is a multi-level value-added tax introduced in Canada on January 1, 1991, by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and finance minister Michael Wilson. ...

In the last example, the Queen performed this task on the advice of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, illustrating that because the Canadian monarchy is a constitutional one, the powers that are constitutionally the monarch's are exercised almost wholly upon the advice of his or her Prime Minister and the Ministers of the Crown in Cabinet, who are, in turn, accountable to the democratically elected House of Commons, and through it, to the people. It has been said since the death of Queen Anne in 1714, the last monarch to head the British cabinet (when almost all of Canada was still French colonial territory), that the monarch "reigns" but does not "rule". In Canada, this has been true since the Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the reign of Canada's last absolute monarch, King Louis XV of France. This means that the monarch's role, and thereby the Vice-regent's role, is almost entirely symbolic and cultural, acting as a symbol of the legal authority under which all governments and agencies operate. Martin Brian Mulroney (born March 20, 1939), was the eighteenth Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), is the Minister of the Crown who is head of the Government of Canada. ... A minister or a secretary is a politician who heads a government ministry or department (e. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Cabinet of Canada (French: Cabinet du Canada or Conseil des ministres) plays an important role in the Government of Canada in accordance with the Westminster System. ... Anne (6 February 1665 â€“ 1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702, succeeding William III and II. Her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII, was forcibly deposed in 1688; her brother-in-law and her sister then became joint monarchs as William III... The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. ... Louis XV, called the Beloved (French: le Bien-AimÃ©) (February 15, 1710 â€“ May 10, 1774), ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1715 until his death. ...

In exceptional circumstances, however, the monarch or vice-regal can act against such advice based upon his or her reserve powers^[20] – as when Governor General Julian Byng refused a request by Prime Minister William Mackenzie King for a dissolution of Parliament and call for new elections, resulting in the King-Byng Affair. Also, Lieutenant Governor of Alberta, John C. Bowen, in 1937 refused to grant Royal Assent to three bills passed by William Aberhart's Social Credit government on the grounds that they were unconstitutional,^[24] and Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan Frank Lindsay Bastedo reserved Royal Assent to a bill in 1961, passing it on, instead, to the Governor General for consideration.^[25] In a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government, a reserve power is a power that may be exercised by the head of state without the approval of another branch of the government. ... Field Marshall Julian Hedworth George Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy (11 September 1862â€“6 June 1935) was a career British Army officer who served as commander of the Canadian army in World War I, and later became Governor-General of Canada. ... Not to be confused with William Lyon Mackenzie, Mackenzie Kings grandfather. ... Mackenzie King requested a dissolution of Parliament. ... This is a list of the lieutenant-governors of Alberta, Canada, since its establishment in 1905. ... John Campbell Bowen (October 3, 1872 - January 2, 1957) was a clergyman and was the longest serving Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta in the history of the province. ... William Aberhart - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Social Credit Party of Alberta is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada, that was founded on the social credit monetary policy and conservative Christian social values. ... William Aberhart - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... This is a list of the lieutenant-governors of Saskatchewan, Canada, since its establishment in 1905. ... Frank Lindsay Bastedo (1886-1973) was Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Provinces

Across the country the Crown is unitary. Under this system the headship of state is not a part of either the federal or provincial jurisdictions; the Queen reigns impartially over the country as a whole; meaning the sovereignty of the provinces is passed on not by the Governor General or the Canadian parliament, but through the Crown itself. This means that, though unitary, the Crown is "divided" into eleven legal jurisdictions; into eleven "crowns" – one federal and ten provincial.^[26] The Fathers of Confederation viewed this system of constitutional monarchy as a bulkwark against any potential fracturing of the Canadian federation.^[27] Each of the provinces within Canada uses a Westminster System of constitutional monarchy for its government, under Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning Queen of Canada since February 6, 1952. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Albertas first Legislature, Edmonton, 1906 The government of Alberta is carried out by a provincial government resembling that of the other Canadian provinces. ... Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, wearing the Sovereigns insignia of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit The style of the Canadian Sovereign has varied over the years. ... This is a list of the lieutenant-governors of Alberta, Canada, since its establishment in 1905. ... Norman Lim Kwong, CM, AOE, KStJ, a. ... Categories: Canada-related stubs | Alberta premiers ... Ralph Phillip Klein (born November 1, 1942) was the premier of the Canadian province of Alberta and leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservatives from 1992 until his retirement in 2006. ... Motto: Fortis et liber(Latin) Strong and free Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Official languages English (see below) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong - Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 28 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (split from Northwest Territories) (8th [Province]) Area Ranked... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... â€œSovereignâ€ redirects here. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Senate Chamber of Parliament Hill in Ottawa. ... We dont have an article called Canadian-confederation Start this article Search for Canadian-confederation in. ...

A Lieutenant Governor serves as the Queen's representative in each province, carrying out all the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties of state on her behalf. The Commissioners of Canada's territories of Nunavut, Yukon, and Northwest Territories are appointed by the Governor-in-Council, at the recommendation of the federal Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. But as the territories are not sovereign entities, the commissioners are not representatives of the sovereign. They receive instruction from the said Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. In Canada, the lieutenant-governor (often without a hyphen[1], pronounced ), in French lieutenant-gouverneur/lieutenant-gouverneure (always with a hyphen), is the Canadian Monarchs, or Crowns, representative in a province, much as the Governor General is her representative at the national level. ... Commissioner is a designation that may be used for a variety of official positions, especially referring to a high-ranking public (administrative or police) official, or an analogous official in the private sector (e. ... Motto: Nunavut Sannginivut (Inuktitut: Nunavut our strength or Our land our strength) Capital Iqaluit Largest city Iqaluit Official languages Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, English, French Government - Commissioner Ann Meekitjuk Hanson - Premier Paul Okalik (Consensus government) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 1 (Nancy Karetak-Lindell) - Senate seats 1 (Willie Adams) Confederation... This article is about Yukon Territory in Canada. ... For the former United States territory, see Northwest Territory. ... In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Queen-in-Council is the legal designation of the executive branch of government. ... In the Cabinet of Canada, The Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development really heads two different departments. ...

Legal role

All laws in Canada are enacted with the sovereign's, or the viceroy's signature, though there is some debate^{[attribution needed]} over whether the monarch is constitutionally allowed to personally grant Royal Assent to provincial bills. Thus, all federal bills begin with the phrase "Now, therefore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows."^[28] The granting of a signature to a bill is known as Royal Assent; it, and proclamation, are required for all acts of parliament and of the provincial legislatures, usually granted or withheld by the Governor General or Lieutenant Governor, with the Great Seal of Canada, or the appropriate provincial seal. The Governor General may reserve a bill for the monarch's pleasure, that is to say, allow the monarch to make a personal decision on the bill. A Lieutenant Governor of a province may similarly defer to the Governor General (who may in turn defer to the monarch). The monarch has the power to disallow any bill, within a time limit specified by the Constitution. Recently activists opposed to Bill C-38 lobbied Queen Elizabeth II to disallow the legislation after it was passed by parliament. However it received Royal Assent from The Right Honourable Beverley McLachlin, Deputy of the Governor General, on July 20, 2005. Territorial legislatures, unlike their provincial counterparts, are subject to the oversight of the Government of Canada.^[29]^[30]^[31] // The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of lawmaking by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ... The Great Seal of Canada is a seal used for official purposes of state in Canada such as the certification of Acts of Parliament. ... Same-sex marriage was legalized across Canada by the Civil Marriage Act enacted on July 20, 2005. ... The Rt. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The sovereign is deemed the "fount of justice," and is responsible for rendering justice for all subjects; however, the she or she does not personally rule in judicial cases. Instead, judicial functions are performed in his or her name. Hence, the common law holds that the sovereign "can do no wrong"; the monarch cannot be prosecuted in his or her own courts for criminal offences. Civil lawsuits against the Crown in its public capacity (that is, lawsuits against the government) are permitted; however, lawsuits against the monarch personally are not cognizable. In international cases, as a sovereign and under established principles of international law, the Queen of Canada is not subject to suit in foreign courts without her express consent.^[19] The sovereign, and by extension the Governor General, also exercises the "prerogative of mercy," and may pardon offences against the Crown. Pardons may be awarded before, during, or after a trial. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (760x610, 75 KB) Summary Creator: National Film Board Description: Supreme Court Justices. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (760x610, 75 KB) Summary Creator: National Film Board Description: Supreme Court Justices. ... The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprÃªme du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ... Coat of Arms of Canada (since 1994) The Coat of Arms of Canada, formally known as The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada, is the official coat of arms of the Canadian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity... â€œSovereignâ€ redirects here. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

In addition, the monarch also serves as a symbol of the legitimacy of courts of justice, and of their judicial authority. An image of the Queen or the Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada is always displayed in Canadian courtrooms; exceptions are the courts of British Columbia, the Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador, and some of the courts of Ontario, where the Arms of Her Majesty in Right of the United Kingdom are displayed as a symbol of the judiciary.^[32]^[33] Itinerant judges will display an image of the Queen and the Canadian flag when holding a session away from established courtrooms; such situations occur in parts of Canada where the stakeholders in a given court case are too isolated geographically to be able to travel for regular proceedings. Coat of Arms of Canada (since 1994) The Coat of Arms of Canada, formally known as The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada, is the official coat of arms of the Canadian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour Without Sunset (diminishment)) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo - Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 36 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area Ranked 5th - Total 944,735... The Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador is the superior court for the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ... The Royal Arms as used in England, Wales and Northern Ireland The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom is the official coat of arms of the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity as monarch, and are officially... Look up itinerant in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

In Canada the legal personality of the state is referred to as "Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada" (French: Sa Majesté la Reine du chef du Canada), and likewise for the provinces and territories (i.e., "in Right of Ontario," etc.).^[34] For example, if a lawsuit is filed against the federal government, the respondent is formally described as Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. For example, in a case in which a party sues both the province of Saskatchewan and the federal government, the respondents would formally be called "Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Saskatchewan" and "Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada."^[35] In this capacity, all Crown copyright is held by the Queen, either in Right of Canada or of a relevant province.^[36] For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: The Strength of Many Peoples) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area Ranked... Crown copyright is a form of copyright claim used by the governments of a number of Commonwealth realms. ...

The Supreme Court of Canada found in the 1980 case Attorney General of Quebec v. Labrecque that civil servants in Canada are not contracted by an abstraction called "the state," but rather they are employed by the monarch, who personifies the state (see below) and "enjoys a general capacity to contract in accordance with the rule of ordinary law."^[37] This situation is similar for the governors, judges, members of the Canadian Forces, police officers, and parliamentarians, who all technically work for the monarch. Hence, these people are required by law to recite the Oath of Allegiance, which is to the Canadian sovereign, before taking their posts. However, the 2003 Public Services Modernization Act ended the requirement of civil servants to swear allegiance to the Queen. Also, by the Citizenship Act, new citizens also must swear allegiance to the monarch in the Oath of Citizenship, in reciprocation to the sovereign's Coronation Oath, wherein he or she promises "to govern the Peoples of... Canada... according to their respective laws and customs."^[38] The Supreme Court of Canada (French: Cour suprÃªme du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian justice system. ... The Roman civil service in action. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... The Canadian Forces (French: Forces canadiennes), abbreviated as CF (French: FC), are the unified armed forces of Canada. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Senate Chamber of Parliament Hill in Ottawa. ... The Canadian Oath of Allegiance, in its present form, is: A person may choose to replace the word swear with declare and to omit the phrase So help me God. ... Canadian citizenship is obtained by birth in Canada (other than as a child of a foreign diplomat), by birth abroad, when at least one parent is a Canadian citizen, or can be granted to a permanent resident who lives in Canada for three out of four years before applying for... â€œCitizenâ€ redirects here. ... The purpose of the Oath of Citizenship, as opposed to the Oath of Allegiance, is for new Canadian citizens to pledge their loyalty not only to the Sovereign, Queen Elizabeth II, as representative of the State, but also to the laws and customs of their new country. ... Look up reciprocal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A asses is a ceremony marking the investment of a monarch with regal power through, amongst other symbolic acts, the placement of a crown upon his or her head. ...

This article refers to the Commonwealths concept of the monarchys legal authority. ...

Cultural role

Embodiment of the State

At one time the monarchy was considered a purely British institution, both culturally and legally, when most Canadians still continued to be, both by law and by personal view, British subjects. However, paralleling the changes in constitutional law, and the evolution of Canadian nationalism, the cultural role of the monarchy in Canada altered. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The National War Memorial Canadas National War Memorial is located in Confederation Square in Ottawa, the nations capital. ... This article is about the capital city of Canada. ... George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 â€“ 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death. ... Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, later Queen Elizabeth (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite; 4 August 1900 â€“ 30 March 2002), was the Queen Consort of King George VI of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 1936 until his death in 1952. ... In British nationality law, the term British subject has at different times had different meanings. ... The Flag of Canada Canadian nationalism is a loose term which has been applied to ideologies of several different types which highlight and promote specifically Canadian interests over those of other countries, notably the United States. ...

Since the late 1980s, the federal and provincial governments have recognized and promoted the Queen's role as monarch of Canada as separate to her position as monarch of the United Kingdom.^[40]^[41]^[42] Today the sovereign is regarded as the personification of the Canadian state, and is described by the Department of Canadian Heritage as the "personal symbol of allegiance, unity and authority for all Canadians."^[3] Elizabeth II stated in 1973: For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... The Department of Canadian Heritage, also referred to as Heritage Canada or simply Department of Heritage, is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for policies regarding the arts, culture, media, communications networks, and sports and multiculturalism. ...

From time to time the sovereign or another member of the Royal Family will represent Canada abroad. On these occasions they are acting as monarch of Canada and members of the Canadian Royal Family, and will regularly carry out two types of duties: official duties involve the sovereign representing the state at home or abroad, or other members representing the sovereign in Canada or elsewhere. For example, the Queen, Prince Charles, and Princess Anne have participated in Canadian ceremonies for the anniversary of D-Day in France.^[43] Presently, the Department of Canadian Heritage is responsible for organizing events wherein members of the Royal Family represent Canada.^[44] Unofficial duties are performed by Royal Family members on behalf of Canadian organizations of which they may be patrons, through their attendance at charity events, visiting with members of the Canadian Forces as Colonel-in-Chief, or marking certain key anniversaries. The invitation and expenses associated with these undertakings are usually borne by the associated organization. In 2002 members of the Royal Family were present at a total of 117 Canadian engagements, 57 events in 2003, 19 in 2004, and 76 in 2005. This article is about the monarchy of Canada, one of sixteen that share a common monarch; for information about this constitutional relationship, see Commonwealth realm; for information on the reigning monarch, see Elizabeth II. For information about other Commonwealth realm monarchies, as well as other relevant articles, see Commonwealth realm... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... â€œPrince Charlesâ€ redirects here. ... The Princess Anne, Princess Royal (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950), is a member of the British Royal Family and the only daughter of Elizabeth II. She is the seventh holder of the title Princess Royal, and is currently ninth in the line of succession to the British... Land on Normandy In military parlance, D-Day is a term often used to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. ... The Department of Canadian Heritage, also referred to as Heritage Canada or simply Department of Heritage, is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for policies regarding the arts, culture, media, communications networks, and sports and multiculturalism. ... ... The Canadian Forces (French: Forces canadiennes), abbreviated as CF (French: FC), are the unified armed forces of Canada. ... In the British and other Commonwealth armies, the Colonel-in-Chief of a regiment is its (usually Royal) patron. ...

Apart from Canada, the Queen and other members of the Royal Family regularly perform public duties in the other fifteen nations of the Commonwealth in which the Queen is head of state (see, for example, List of Commonwealth visits made by Queen Elizabeth II). As the Crown within these countries is a legally separate entity from the Canadian Crown, it is funded in these countries individually, through the ordinary legislative budgeting process. Fifties February 1952 Kenya 24-25 November 1953 Bermuda 25-27 November 1953 Jamaica 17-19 December 1953 Fiji 19-20 December 1953 Tonga 23 December 1953 - 30 January 1954 New Zealand 3 February - 1 April 1954 Australia 5 April 1954 Cocos Islands 10-21 April 1954 Ceylon 27 April...

Symbols

Monarchical symbols in Canada were originally identical to those in the United Kingdom, having been imported from there to all parts of the Empire. As the country incrementally gained independence from the UK, more and more distinctly Canadian elements were added to certain symbols associated with the Crown. Into the 1970s and 1980s, some royally connected icons were removed or replaced as national symbols, such as the Red Ensign, which contained the Royal Union Flag in the canton, being replaced with the Maple Leaf flag. The Crown remains a visible part of the everyday lives of Canadians, with symbols specifially of the monarch of Canada, or loyalty thereto. Image File history File links Royal_Standard_of_Canada. ... Image File history File links Royal_Standard_of_Canada. ... The Queens Personal Canadian Flag, sometimes called the Royal Standard of Canada, is the personal standard, that is to say official flag, of Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada. ... Image File history File links VictoriaCrossSilverDollarCanada. ... Image File history File links VictoriaCrossSilverDollarCanada. ... // Stephen Harper gives his victory speech to party faithful in Calgary after winning the 2006 federal election. ... The Victoria Cross (Post-nominal letters V.C.) is the highest award for valour that can be awarded to members of the Canadian armed forces of any rank in any service, and allies serving under or with Canadian military command. ... There are many symbols reflecting Canadas status as a constitutional monarchy, including those of the Monarch, or the vice-regal representatives. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... The maple leaf is the characteristic leaf of the maple tree, and is an important national symbol of Canada. ... The Canadian Red Ensign. ... â€œUnion Jackâ€ redirects here. ... The design and description of flags typically uses specialised flag terminology with precise and technical meanings, and is hence a form of jargon. ... The National Flag of Canada, popularly known as the Maple Leaf and lUnifoliÃ© (French for the one-leafed), is a base red flag with a white square in its centre featuring a stylized, 11-pointed, red maple leaf. ...

The monarchy is presently symbolized through images of the sovereign on currency and in portraits in public buildings; in songs, toasts and salutes;^[45]^[46] on decorations and honours; and on provincial and national coats of arms. Certain key days are also reserved to celebrate the monarchy, notably Victoria Day – the holiday for celebrating the reigning sovereign's birthday ^[47] – and the day of the Royal Christmas Message, broadcast to the Commonwealth of Nations since 1932. The Queen of Canada, Queen Elizabeth II The Canadian honours system has developed as a unique entity since the centennial of Canadian Confederation in 1967 when the first distinctly Canadian honour, the Order of Canada was created. ... Coat of Arms of Canada (since 1994) The Coat of Arms of Canada, formally known as The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Canada, is the official coat of arms of the Canadian monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity... Queen Elizabeth II in Canada for her official birthday, Victoria Day 2005, Edmonton, Alberta Victoria Day (French: FÃªte de la Reine) is a Canadian statutory holiday celebrated on the last Monday before or on May 24 in honour of both Queen Victorias birthday and the current reigning Canadian... The Royal Christmas Message (currently coined The Queens Christmas Message) is broadcast by the Sovereign of the Commonwealth Realms to the Commonwealth at Christmas. ... The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2006 Headquarters Marlborough House, London, UK Official languages English Membership 53 sovereign states Leaders - Queen Elizabeth II - Secretary-General Don McKinnon (since 1 April 2000) Establishment - Balfour Declaration 18 November 1926 - Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931 - London Declaration 28 April 1949 Area - Total...

There are also hundreds of places named for Canadian monarchs and members of the Royal Family all across Canada. No individual has been more honoured than Queen Victoria in the names of Canada's public buildings, streets, populated places and physical features.^[48] Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 â€“ 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 May 1876, until her death on 22 January 1901. ...

The maple leaf is the characteristic leaf of the maple tree, and is an important national symbol of Canada. ...

Royal presence

Members of the Royal Family have been present in Canada since the late 1700s, either on military maneuvers, for official tours, the vice-regal representative of the British, and later Canadian monarch. Though all of the Royal Family currently lives outside of the country, members are still regular visitors, enough so that on occasion royal visits to Canada are also referred to by monarchists as "Royal Homecomings." These events are often marked with a variety of ceremonies, the granting of honours, and general celebrations, even though these events are not always official holidays. // Members of the Royal Family have visited Canada numerous times since the late 18th century. ... Events and trends The Bonneville Slide blocks the Columbia River near the site of present-day Cascade Locks, Oregon with a land bridge 200 feet (60 m) high. ... // Members of the Royal Family have visited Canada numerous times since the late 18th century. ... Canadian monarchists have historically celebrated the monarchy as a link to the United Kingdom, and thus a tie to Canadas British heritage. ...

The Queen regularly undertakes tours of Canada to celebrate Canadian culture, milestone anniversaries, military remembrances, and the like. Other royals will perform the same tasks in the Queen's place, from time to time, usually on a less grand scale or for events of a lesser importance. These tours are at the invitation of, organized, and paid for by the Canadian government, provincial government, or a combination of both; hence, they are called "official tours" or "official visits."^[49] Bonhomme Carnaval, mascot of the Quebec winter carnival. ... Queen Elizabeth the second was the first person who created the law and the taxes and judging to count the votes from the voters from all around Canada. ...

History

The first French and British colonizers of Canada interpreted the hereditary nature of some indigenous North American chieftainships as a form of monarchy, often referring to these leaders as kings and their lands as kingdoms.^[50] There is also evidence that the aboriginals had a similar understanding of monarchy, most notably in the legend of the Kingdom of Saguenay, and tales of "wealthy kingdoms in the north" told by Iroquoians to Jacques Cartier in 1534.^[51]^[52] This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... Download high resolution version (805x1026, 160 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (805x1026, 160 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Francis I of France (French: FranÃ§ois Ier) (September 12, 1494 â€“ March 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (le PÃ¨re et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... Flag History - Established 1604 - English conquest 1713 Acadia (1754) Acadia (in the French language lAcadie) was the name given to a colonial territory in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day New England, stretching as far south as Philadelphia. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... The name Kingdom of Saguenay (French: Royaume du Saguenay) has its origin in an Algonquin legend learned by the French during French colonisation in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. ... For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Jacques Cartier (disambiguation). ...

Canada has been the territory of a monarchy, or a monarchy in its own right, since the establishment of New France. Territory of the French Crown was merged with the North American colonies under the British Crown through the Treaty of Paris in 1763. In 1867, Canada became a self-governing Dominion under the British Crown (originally intended to be named the Kingdom of Canada), and, from that date to the patriation of the Canadian constitution in 1982, Canada developed into a kingdom in its own right. Thus, kings and queens reigning over Canada have included the monarchs of France (from Francis I in 1534 to Louis XV in 1763), those of the UK (from Anne of Great Britain in 1713 to King George VI in 1952), to Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada today. Capital Quebec Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholicism Government Monarchy King See List of French monarchs Governor See list of Governors Legislature Sovereign Council of New France Historical era Ancien RÃ©gime in France - Royal Control 1655 - Articles of Capitulation of Quebec 1759 - Articles of Capitulation of Montreal 1760 - Treaty... It has been suggested that Regents: France and French States be merged into this article or section. ... This article is about the monarchy of the United Kingdom, one of sixteen that share a common monarch; for information about this constitutional relationship, see Commonwealth realm; for information on the reigning monarch, see Elizabeth II. For information about other Commonwealth realm monarchies, as well as other relevant articles, see... The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about Dominions of the British Empire and of the Commonwealth of Nations. ... Detail from the current Canadian $20 bank note, issued in 2004. ... It has been suggested that Regents: France and French States be merged into this article or section. ... Francis I of France (French: FranÃ§ois Ier) (September 12, 1494 â€“ March 31, 1547), called the Father and Restorer of Letters (le PÃ¨re et Restaurateur des Lettres), was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547. ... Louis XV, called the Beloved (French: le Bien-AimÃ©) (February 15, 1710 â€“ May 10, 1774), ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1715 until his death. ... This is a list of British monarchs, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed on, or incorporated, the island of Great Britain, namely: England (united with Wales from 1536) up to 1707; Scotland up to 1707; The Kingdom of Great Britain... Anne (6 February 1665 â€“ 1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702, succeeding William III and II. Her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII, was forcibly deposed in 1688; her brother-in-law and her sister then became joint monarchs as William III... George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 â€“ 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ...

Canada's emergence as a sovereign constitutional monarchy after 1931 was demonstrated in the abdication of King Edward VIII in 1936; when Canada had to pass its own Succession to the Throne Act, which effected changes to the rules of succession in Canada so that they matched those within the other realms of the British Commonwealth.^[53] A few years later, Canada's new status was again demonstrated when King George VI and Queen Elizabeth travelled from Canada into the United States as King and Queen of Canada.^[54] The Constitution Act of 1982 was said to have entrenched the monarchy in Canada, due to the stringent requirements, as laid out in the amending formula, that must be met to alter the monarchy in any way. Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 â€“ 28 May 1972) was King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910â€“36), on 20... The Succession to the Throne Act (1 Geo. ... The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2006 Headquarters Marlborough House, London, UK Official languages English Membership 53 sovereign states Leaders - Queen Elizabeth II - Secretary-General Don McKinnon (since 1 April 2000) Establishment - Balfour Declaration 18 November 1926 - Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931 - London Declaration 28 April 1949 Area - Total... George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 â€“ 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death. ... Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, later Queen Elizabeth (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite; 4 August 1900 â€“ 30 March 2002), was the Queen Consort of King George VI of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 1936 until his death in 1952. ... The Canada Act 1982 is an Act of Parliament passed by the British Parliament that severed virtually all remaining constitutional and legislative ties between the United Kingdom and Canada. ...

Continuing the tradition started in the early 1800s, throughout the 20th century members of the Royal Family coninued to tour the country, as the viceroy and/or to mark key events. A milestone was reached in 1939, when King George VI became the first reigning monarch to tour Canada, as well as to visit the United States as King of Canada. As ease of travel increased, visits by the sovereign and/or Royal Family members became more and more frequent, seeing the Queen Elizabeth II officiate at such important moments as the opening of the Saint Lawrence Seaway in 1959; the Canadian Centennial in 1967; the opening of the 1976 Olympics in Montreal; the patriation of the Constitution in 1982, the 500th anniversary, in 1997, of Cabot's landing at Bonavista; and more. However, through the 1960s and 1970s, the rise of Quebec nationalism and changes in Canadian identity created an atmosphere where the purpose and role of the monarchy came into question. Some references to the monarch and the monarchy were slowly removed from the public eye, and moves were made by the federal government to constitutionally alter the monarchy's place and role in Canada, though the system has remained essentially the same.^[55] George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 â€“ 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death. ... The Eisenhower Locks in Massena, NY. The St. ... See also: 1958 in Canada, 1960 in Canada and the Timeline of Canadian history. ... The Expo 67 site on le Sainte-H ne and le Notre-Dame The Canadian Centennial was a year long celebration held in 1967 when Canada celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Canadian Confederation. ... See also: 1966 in Canada, other events of 1967, 1968 in Canada and the Timeline of Canadian history. ... The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, were held in 1976 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... Nickname: Motto: Concordia Salus (well-being through harmony) Coordinates: , Country Province Region MontrÃ©al Founded 1642 Established 1832 Government - Mayor GÃ©rald Tremblay Area [1][2][3] - City 365. ... Look up Patriation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... See also: 1981 in Canada, 1983 in Canada and the list of years in Canada. Incumbents Prime Minister - Pierre Trudeau Governor General - Edward Schreyer Premier of Alberta - Peter Lougheed Premier of British Columbia - Bill Bennett Premier of Manitoba - Howard Pawley Premier of New Brunswick - Richard Hatfield Premier of Newfoundland - Brian... See also: 1996 in Canada, other events of 1997, 1998 in Canada and the list of years in Canada. // Incumbents Monarch - Queen Elizabeth II Governor General - RomÃ©o LeBlanc Prime Minister - Jean ChrÃ©tien Premier of Alberta - Ralph Klein Premier of British Columbia - Glen Clark Premier of Manitoba - Gary Filmon... Giovanni Caboto (c. ... Categories: Towns | Newfoundland and Labrador communities | Coastal towns of Canada | Canada-place stubs ... Quebec nationalism is the subject of many international studies together with the contemporary nationalism of Scotland, Catalonia and other non-sovereign regions of the world. ... In contrast to Australian republicanism, there has been little national debate about ending the Monarchy in Canada. ...

In 1999, it was reported in the media that the federal government was considering the idea of changing Canada to a republic, news that drew some negative reaction, and denial by the then Prime Minister. A survey of the provincial premiers at the time showed only one in favour of such a move.^[56] Soon after, the Queen's Golden Jubilee took place in 2002, celebrating Elizabeth II's fifty years as Queen of Canada; the concurrent country-wide tour by the sovereign and her consort, and the attendant fêtes, proved popular with Canadians. Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Queen Elizabeth II makes an official appearance at the CBC Headquarters as part of her Jubilee goodwill tour, October 2002. ... The Dominion of Canada was created by the British North America Act (now known as the Constitution Act) of 1867. ... FÃªte is a French word meaning festival or holiday, which has passed into English as a label that may be given to certain events. ...

Canadian Royal Family

The Canadian Royal Family is a group of people closely related to the monarch of Canada;^[57] it is a non-resident royal family, as those who comprise the group live in the United Kingdom. Members of perform ceremonial and social duties but, aside from the monarch, have no role in the affairs of government. Those who comprise the Royal Family carry the style His or Her Majesty (HM), His or Her Royal Highness (HRH), or sometimes The Right Honourable (in French: Sa Majesté (SM), Son Altesse Royale (SAR), and Le très honorable). Image File history File links Roy-fam-canada. ... Image File history File links Roy-fam-canada. ... The Town of Lac-Brome is located in the MontÃ©rÃ©gie region of Quebec, Canada. ... The Duke of Edinburgh is a dukedom associated with Edinburgh, Scotland. ... The Princess Anne, Princess Royal (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950), is a member of the British Royal Family and the only daughter of Elizabeth II. She is the seventh holder of the title Princess Royal, and is currently ninth in the line of succession to the British... Princess Anne, the current Princess Royal Princess Royal is a style customarily (but not automatically) awarded by a British monarch to his or her eldest daughter. ... Mark Antony Peter Phillips (born September 22, 1948), former Olympic gold-medal-winning horseman, was the first husband of Anne, Princess Royal. ... The Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, KG, KCVO, SOM (Edward Antony Richard Louis Mountbatten-Windsor; born 10 March 1964) is a member of the British Royal Family, the youngest child and third son of Queen Elizabeth II. He has held the title of Earl of Wessex since 1999. ... The Earl of Wessex is an Earl in the English and later British nobility. ... The Prince Andrew, The Duke of York (Andrew Albert Christian Edward; born 19 February 1960) is a member of the British Royal Family, the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II. He has held the title of Duke of York since 1986. ... The title Duke of York is a title of nobility in the British peerage. ... This article is about the title Prince of Wales. ... A style of office, or honorific, is a form of address which by tradition or law precedes a reference to a person who holds a title or post, or to the political office itself. ... Look up majesty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Majesty is an English word rooting in the Latin Maiestas, meaning literally, Greatness. ... Royal Highness (abbreviation HRH) is a style (His Royal Highness or Her Royal Highness); plural Royal Highnesses (abbreviation TRH, Their Royal Highnesses). ... The Right Honourable (abbreviated Rt Hon, The Rt Hon, The Right Hon, Right Hon) is an honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain people in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Anglophone Caribbean and in other Commonwealth Realms, and elsewhere. ...

It has been stated by the Canadian Royal Heritage Trust that Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, due to his having lived in Canada between 1791 and 1800, and his being father of Queen Victoria, is "the ancestor of the modern Canadian Royal Family."^[58] However, the concept of the Canadian Royal Family did not emerge until after the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931. Though the act came into effect during the reign of King George V, Canadian officials only began to overtly consider putting the principles of Canada's new status as an independent kingdom into effect during the late 1930s.^[59] At first, the monarch was the only member of the Royal Family to carry out public ceremonial duties solely on the advice of Canadian ministers; King Edward VIII became the first to do so when he dedicated the Vimy Memorial in July, 1936 – one of his few obligations performed during his short reign.^[60] Over the decades, however, the monarch's children, grandchildren, cousins, and their respective spouses began to perform functions at the direction of the Canadian government, representing the monarch within Canada or abroad. HRH The Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn The Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (2 November 1767 â€“ 23 January 1820) was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth son of King George III and the father of Queen Victoria. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 â€“ 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 May 1876, until her death on 22 January 1901. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 â€“ 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... For the documentary series, see Monarchy (TV series). ... The 1930s (years from 1930â€“1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the World Depression. ... Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 â€“ 28 May 1972) was King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910â€“36), on 20... Vimy Memorial face The Canadian National Vimy Memorial is one of Canadas most important overseas war memorials to those Canadians who gave their lives in the First World War. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The term spouse refers to either partner in marriage, generally called a husband or wife, depending on gender. ...

Despite the length of service, it not until October, 2002, when the term "Canadian Royal Family" was first used publicly and officially by a member of it: in a speech given to the Nunavut legislature at its opening, Queen Elizabeth II stated: "I am proud to be the first member of the Canadian Royal Family to be greeted in Canada's newest territory."^[61] Still, the Canadian media often still refers to the Royal Family as the "British Royal Family."^[62]^[63] The Legislative Assembly of Nunavut is located in Iqaluit. ...

Composition

Queen Elizabeth II is the head of the Royal Family; those in the direct line of succession owe their allegiance to her specifically as the Queen of Canada,^[64] and, according to the Department of National Defence, members of the family who bear the style "Royal Highness" are subjects of the Canadian monarch.^[65] They are entitled to Canadian consular assistance and to the protection of the Queen's armed forces of Canada when they are outside of the Commonwealth realms, and in need of protection or aid.^[64] Their position as subjects but not citizens of Canada is reflected in the confusion that arises around the awarding of honours to members of the Royal Family; for example, the Order of Canada bestowed upon the Queen Mother was only honorary, though the Canadian Forces Decoration awarded to her was not.^[66]^[67] The Department of National Defence, frequently referred to by its acronym DND, is the department within the government of Canada with responsibility for Canadas military, known as the Canadian Forces. ... Countries hosting Canadian diplomatic missions. ... The Canadian Forces (French: Forces canadiennes), abbreviated as CF (French: FC), are the unified armed forces of Canada. ... The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the sixteen sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that recognise Elizabeth II as their respective monarch. ... Seal of the Order of Canada The Order of Canada is Canadas highest civilian honour, with membership awarded to those who exemplify the Orders Latin motto Desiderantes meliorem patriam, which means (those) desiring a better country (Hebrews 11. ... Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, later Queen Elizabeth (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite; 4 August 1900 â€“ 30 March 2002), was the Queen Consort of King George VI of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 1936 until his death in 1952. ... The Canadian Forces Decoration is a Canadian award given to officers and members of the Canadian Forces who have completed twelve years of military service. ...

Although there is no strict legal or formal definition of who is or is not a member of the Royal Family^[68] – a royal family is loosely defined as the extended family of a monarch – according to former Minister of Canadian Heritage Sheila Copps, the Canadian federal government does maintain an official list of Royal Family members for matters of honours and protocol.^[69] Because of the shared nature of the Crown, most members of the Canadian Royal Family are also members of the British Royal Family, and are thus also members of the House of Windsor. There are some exceptions, however; for instance Angus Ogilvy was included in the Department of Canadian Heritage's Royal Family list,^[70] whereas he was not considered a member of the British Royal Family. For the documentary series, see Monarchy (TV series). ... The Minister of Canadian Heritage and Status of Women (French: Ministre du Patrimoine canadien) is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who heads the Department of Canadian Heritage, the federal government department responsible for Canadas Arts, Culture, Media, Communications network, and Sport. ... Sheila Maureen Copps, PC, HBA, LL.D (hc), (born November 27, 1952, in Hamilton, Ontario) is a Canadian journalist and former politician. ... The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the sixteen sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that recognise Elizabeth II as their respective monarch. ... Members of the Royal Family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the Trooping the Colour ceremony The British Royal Family is shared between the Commonwealth Realms; this article focuses on the perspective of United Kingdom. ... The House of Windsor is the current Royal House of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and each of the other Commonwealth Realms. ... Sir Angus James Bruce Ogilvy, KCVO (14 September 1928 â€“ 26 December 2004) was a British businessman best known as the husband of Princess Alexandra of Kent, a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. Sir Angus also is remembered for his role in a scandal involving the breaking of sanctions against... The Department of Canadian Heritage, also referred to as Heritage Canada or simply Department of Heritage, is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for policies regarding the arts, culture, media, communications networks, and sports and multiculturalism. ...

There has been one marriage of a Canadian citizen into the extended royal family, and a second such marriage is expected to take place soon. In 1988, Sylvana Jones (neé Tomaselli) married George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, a great-grandson of George V. On July 28, 2007, the engagement was announced of Peter Phillips to Autumn Kelly, of Montreal;^[71] Phillips is the son of Princess Anne, and the eldest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II. Divorced spouses of the monarch's descendants are removed from the official government list of Royal Family members, as was the case with Diana, Princess of Wales.^[69] Sylvana Palma Windsor, Countess of St Andrews (born 28 May 1957) is the wife of George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, the eldest son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent. ... George Philip Nicholas Windsor, Earl of St Andrews (b. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 â€“ 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Peter Phillips could mean Peter Mark Andrew Phillips, the son of Anne, Princess Royal Peter Phillips the director of Project Censored This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Autumn Kelly (born 3 May 1978) is the fiancÃ©e of Peter Phillips, the only son of The Princess Anne, The Princess Royal and Captain Mark Phillips and the eldest grandson of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. ... Princess Anne may refer to more than one person: Anne, Princess Royal (born 15 August 1950), daughter of Elizabeth II of the UK Anne, Princess of Orange (1709â€‘1759), daughter of George II of Great Britain Anne (1637â€‘1759), daughter of Charles I of England Princess Anne may refer to... Elizabeth II in an official portrait as Queen of Canada (on the occasion of her Golden Jubilee in 2002, wearing the Sovereigns badges of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit) Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary) (born 21 April 1926), styled HM The... Diana Spencer redirects here. ...

Canadian poet George Elliott Clarke has publicly opined on a fully First Nations royal family, asking "why can't a truly Canadian royal family be Aboriginal or Métis? I think the project... would do wonders for national identity and national unity."^[72] However, this would contravene the convention laid out in the preamble to the Statute of Westminster (a part of the Canadian Constitution). George Elliott Clarke (born February 12, 1960) is a Canadian poet and playwright. ... First Nations is a Canadian term of ethnicity which refers to the aboriginal peoples located in what is now Canada, and their descendants who are neither Inuit nor MÃ©tis. ... The MÃ©tis (pronounced MAY tee, IPA: , in French or , in Michif ), also historically known as Bois Brule, mixed-bloods, Countryborn (or Anglo-MÃ©tis), are one of three recognized Aboriginal peoples in Canada. ... This article is about the Statute of Westminster relating to the British Empire and its dominions. ...

The existence of a Canadian royal family has been contested by some, mostly in the small Canadian republican movement. However, Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia Iona Campagnolo has also stated she feels Canada does not "really have a royal family."^[17] In contrast to Australian republicanism, there has been little national debate about ending the Monarchy in Canada. ... Categories: Lieutenant Governors of British Columbia | Lists of office-holders ... Iona Campagnolo, PC, CM, OBC, LL.D (honoris causa) (born October 18, 1932) is a Canadian politician, currently the Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia. ...

Members of the Royal Family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the Trooping the Colour ceremony The British Royal Family is shared between the Commonwealth Realms; this article focuses on the perspective of United Kingdom. ...

Styles

Unlike in the United Kingdom, in Canada the sovereign is the only member of the Royal Family who has a title established through law. Though it would be possible for other members of the Royal Family to be granted distinctly Canadian titles (as is the case for the Duke of Rothesay in Scotland), they have always been, and continue to only be accorded the use of a courtesy title, which is the style they have been granted via Letters Patent in the United Kingdom. Banner of the Duke of Rothesay, the quarterings represent the Great Steward of Scotland and the Lord of the Isles. ... This article is about the country. ... A courtesy title is a form of address in the British peerage system used for wives, children, and other close relatives of a peer. ... Letters Patent by Queen Victoria creating the office of Governor-General of Australia Letters patent are a type of legal instrument in the form of an open letter issued by a monarch or government granting an office, a right, monopoly, title, or status to someone or some entity such as...

However, in Canada these styles are also translated to French. The most senior members of the Royal Family are styled as follows:

Royal Highness (abbreviation HRH) is a style (His Royal Highness or Her Royal Highness); plural Royal Highnesses (abbreviation TRH, Their Royal Highnesses). ... â€œPrince Philipâ€ redirects here. ... â€œPrince Charlesâ€ redirects here. ... The Prince Andrew, The Duke of York (Andrew Albert Christian Edward; born 19 February 1960) is a member of the British Royal Family, the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II. He has held the title of Duke of York since 1986. ... The Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, KG, KCVO, SOM (Edward Antony Richard Louis Mountbatten-Windsor; born 10 March 1964) is a member of the British Royal Family, the youngest child and third son of Queen Elizabeth II. He has held the title of Earl of Wessex since 1999. ... The Countess of Wessex (Sophie Helen; neÃ© Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965), is a member of the British Royal Family, the wife of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, the youngest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. ... The Princess Anne, Princess Royal (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950), is a member of the British Royal Family and the only daughter of Elizabeth II. She is the seventh holder of the title Princess Royal, and is currently ninth in the line of succession to the British...

Popularity

The popularity of the Royal Family with Canadians, as well as individual members of it, has fluctuated over the years. Mirroring the mood in the United Kingdom, the family's lowest approval was during the mid 1980s to 1990s when the children of the monarch were enduring their divorces, and were the targets of negative tabloid reporting. Some recent poll results follow: The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the ending of a marriage before the death of either spouse. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

EKOS Research Associates Inc. ... Another editor has suggested that this article might be improved by more material on its significance. ... â€œPrince Williamâ€ redirects here. ... Prince Henry of Wales (Henry Charles Albert David; born 15 September 1984), commonly known as Prince Harry, is the younger son of Charles, Prince of Wales and his first wife, the late Diana, Princess of Wales. ...

Residences

The sovereign's primary official residence is Rideau Hall in the city of Ottawa.^[59]^[74]^[75], which is also the official home of the Governor General. Rideau Hall is the site of most state banquets, investitures, swearing-in of ministers, and other ceremonies. Moreover, visiting heads of state usually reside at that palace. Another principal residence is La Citadelle, in Quebec City, and is used principally as retreat for the Governor General. The provinces of British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island also maintain residences, used primarily by the respective Lieutenant Governor, though the monarch or other members of the Royal Family will reside there when in the province. Rideau Hall, Ottawa, ONT, August 2004 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Rideau Hall, Ottawa, ONT, August 2004 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Rideau Hall is the official residence of the Governor General of Canada, and is the place of residence of the Monarch of Canada when visiting Ottawa. ... This article is about the capital city of Canada. ... The Citadel (fr: Citadelle) is a military fort atop Cape Diamant, adjoining the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. ... Nickname: Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (I shall put Gods gift to good use; the Don de Dieu was Champlains ship) Coordinates: , Country Province Agglomeration Quebec City Statute of the city Capitale-Nationale Administrative Region Capitale-Nationale Founded 1608 by Samuel de Champlain Constitution date 1833 Government... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour Without Sunset (diminishment)) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo - Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 36 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area Ranked 5th - Total 944,735... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: The Strength of Many Peoples) Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart - Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (Split from NWT) (9th (province)) Area Ranked... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) BC AB SK MB ON QC NB PE NS NL YT NT NU Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard - Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 14 - Senate seats 6 Confederation... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit(Latin) One defends and the other conquers Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Regional Municipality Official languages English, Canadian Gaelic Government - Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis - Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 11 - Senate seats 10 Confederation July 1, 1867... This article is about the Canadian province. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ...

The aforementioned residences belong to the Crown; they are held in trust for future rulers, and cannot be sold by the monarch. However, monarchs have owned certain homes in a private capacity: King Edward VIII owned Bedingfield Ranch, near Pekisko, High River, Alberta. Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 â€“ 28 May 1972) was King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910â€“36), on 20... High River is a town in southwestern Alberta, Canada with a population of 9,523 (2004). ... Motto: Fortis et liber(Latin) Strong and free Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Official languages English (see below) Government - Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong - Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 28 - Senate seats 6 Confederation September 1, 1905 (split from Northwest Territories) (8th [Province]) Area Ranked...

The Crown and the First Nations

The Crown has a long relationship with the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples of Canada. As with the Māori and the Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand, Canada's First Nations view their treaties as being agreements directly between them and the Crown, not with the ever-changing government of Canada. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 remains an important document, mentioned in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, outlining the Crown's responsibility to protect First Nations' territories.^[76]^[77] Her Majesty the Queen of Canada presents a tablet of Balmoral granite with the ciphers of both herself and her great-great-grandmother Queen Victoria, at the First Nations University of Canada, May 17, 2005. ... First Nations is a Canadian term of ethnicity which refers to the aboriginal peoples located in what is now Canada, and their descendants who are neither Inuit nor MÃ©tis. ... For other uses, see Inuit (disambiguation). ... The MÃ©tis (pronounced MAY tee, IPA: , in French or , in Michif ), also historically known as Bois Brule, mixed-bloods, Countryborn (or Anglo-MÃ©tis), are one of three recognized Aboriginal peoples in Canada. ... This article is about the MÄori people of New Zealand. ... One of the few extant copies of the Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi (MÄori: Tiriti o Waitangi) is a treaty signed on February 6, 1840 by representatives of the British Crown, and MÄori chiefs from the North Island of New Zealand. ... First Nations is a Canadian term of ethnicity which refers to the aboriginal peoples located in what is now Canada, and their descendants who are neither Inuit nor MÃ©tis. ... Queen Elizabeth the second was the first person who created the law and the taxes and judging to count the votes from the voters from all around Canada. ... A portion of eastern North America; the 1763 Proclamation line is the border between the red and the pink areas. ... The Charter, signed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1981. ...

Over the centuries there have been literal and symbolic gestures to demonstrate the "nation-to-nation" relationship, from the commemoration by Queen Anne of the "Four Mohawk Kings" in 1710,^[78] to Queen Elizabeth II donating a piece of Balmoral granite engraved with the ciphers of Queen Victoria and herself to the First Nations University of Canada in 2005.^[79] The First Nations, in return, honour members of the Royal Family with ceremonies and traditional titles. Anne (6 February 1665 â€“ 1 August 1714) became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702, succeeding William III and II. Her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII, was forcibly deposed in 1688; her brother-in-law and her sister then became joint monarchs as William III... The Four Mohawk Kings or Four Kings of the New World were the three Mohawk and one Mahican Chiefs of the Iroquoian Confederacy. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... // Places There are several places named Balmoral. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... The First Nations University of Canada (formerly Saskatchewan Federated Indian College) is a university in Saskatchewan, Canada with campuses in Regina, Saskatoon, and Prince Albert. ...

The Crown and the Canadian Forces

The Crown holds a prominent place within the Canadian Forces. The Queen is the Commander-in-Chief of the entire Forces, though the Governor General holds this title and exercises the duties on behalf of the sovereign.^[80] The Queen is also the Honorary Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.^[81] HM Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada and Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Forces, presides over the rededication of the Canadian National Vimy Memorial in France, next to her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, wearing the uniform of the Royal Canadian Regiment, April, 2007. ... The Canadian Forces (French: Forces canadiennes), abbreviated as CF (French: FC), are the unified armed forces of Canada. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... RCMP redirects here. ...

The sovereign's position and role in the military is reflected by naval vessels bearing the prefix Her Majesty's Canadian Ship (HMCS) – subsequently His Majesty's Canadian Ship during the reign of a king – and all members of the Armed Forces must swear allegiance to the Queen and her heirs and successors. Members of the Royal Family are also Colonel-in-Chief of many Canadian regiments. As such, members of the Royal Family have presided over many military ceremonies both abroad and at home, including Trooping the Colours, inspections of the troops, and anniversaries of key battles; whenever the sovereign or a member of her family is in Ottawa, they lay a wreath at the National War Memorial. The multinational Combined Task Force One Five Zero (CTF-150) The British Grand Fleet, the supreme naval force of World War I A rare occurrence of a 5-country multinational fleet, during Operation Enduring Freedom in the Oman Sea. ... Her Majestys Canadian Ship (HMCS) is the English designation of any Canadian warship, as well as many major Canadian naval bases such as HMCS Discovery and all Sea Cadet Summer Training Centers like HMCS Quadra. ... In the British and other Commonwealth armies, the Colonel-in-Chief of a regiment is its (usually Royal) patron. ... Elizabeth II riding to Trooping the Colour for the last time in 1986 Trooping the Colour is a military pageant or ceremony performed by regiments of the Commonwealth and the British Army. ... This article is about the capital city of Canada. ... The National War Memorial Canadas National War Memorial is located in Confederation Square in Ottawa, the nations capital. ...

This is a list of Canadian organizations with designated royal status and/or under the patronage of members of the Canadian Royal Family, listed by the king or queen who granted the designation. ...

Organizations with royal association

Besides government and military institutions, a number of Canadian civilian organizations have associations with the monarchy, either through their being founded via a Royal Charter, or because at least one member of the Royal Family serves as a patron.

Organizations under Royal Charter

A Royal Charter is granted by the monarch on the advice of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, which creates or gives special status to an incorporated body. This is an exercise of the Royal Prerogative, and, in Canada, there are hundreds of organizations under Royal Charters. Such organizations include charities, businesses, colleges, universities, and cities. Today, it is mostly charities and professional institutions who receive Royal Charters. For the ship of the same name, see Royal Charter (ship). ... For the ship of the same name, see Royal Charter (ship). ... The Privy Council Office as it appeared in the 1880s The Queens Privy Council for Canada (French: Conseil privÃ© de la Reine pour le Canada) is the council of advisers to the Queen of Canada, whose members are appointed by the Governor General of Canada for life on the... The Royal Prerogative is a body of customary authority, privilege, and immunity, recognised in common law jurisdictions possessing a monarchy as belonging to the Crown alone. ...

Examples of organizations under Royal Charter are: the Hudson's Bay Company, founded by Royal Charter issued by King Charles II in 1670;^[82] Saint John, New Brunswick, receiving its charter in 1786 from King George III;^[83] and McGill University, which received a Royal Charter from King George IV in 1821. Hudsons Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie dHudson in French) is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 â€“ 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... Year 1670 (MDCLXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Saint John[3] is the largest city in the province of New Brunswick and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. ... â€œGeorge IIIâ€ redirects here. ... McGill University is a publicly funded, co-educational research university located in the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... George IV (George Augustus Frederick) (12 August 1762 â€“ 26 June 1830) was king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death. ... Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Canadian Organizations with royal patronage

Until modern industrial times, all development of the sciences and the arts were under the direct control of the monarch, exercised by the foundation of colleges that today form the basis of modern universities. The endowments to provide for these colleges were established by the Crown to further education in both ecclesiastical and secular matters. Image File history File links UCC-duke. ... Image File history File links UCC-duke. ... â€œPrince Philipâ€ redirects here. ... Upper Canada College (UCC) is a private elementary and secondary school for boys in downtown Toronto, Canada. ... A Watt steam engine, the steam engine that propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... This article is about the philosophical concept of Art. ... College (Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an educational institution. ... A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. ... This article refers to the Commonwealths concept of the monarchys legal authority. ... This article is about secularism. ...

As time progressed, the educated members of these organizations formed into groups to lecture, demonstrate and debate their various subjects. These groups either sought royal patronage, or were created as memorials for the predecessors of the reigning monarch. Other colleges and foundations have been endowed by the owners of the great landed estates and, in later times, by industrialists and finally modern corporate bodies. However, even in present times, relatively new organizations still seek royal patronage, though it is a ceremonial function wherein the royal will either volunteer their time for service or make a charitable donation. To receive royal patronage, an organization must prove to be long lasting. Debate (North American English) or debating (British English) is a formal method of interactive and position representational argument. ... The memorial at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Hawaii commemorates American dead from wars in the Pacific. ... Estate is a term used in the common law. ... For other uses, see Corporation (disambiguation). ...

This is a list of Canadian organizations with designated royal status and/or under the patronage of members of the Canadian Royal Family, listed by the king or queen who granted the designation. ...

Awards and charities

A number of awards in Canada are issued in the name of previous or present members of the Royal Family. These include:

Charities and volunteer organizations have also been founded as gifts to, or in honour of some of Canada's monarchs, or members of the Royal Family. These include: â€œNHLâ€ redirects here. ... This article is about the trophy. ... Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 â€“ 28 May 1972) was King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910â€“36), on 20... The Queens Plate is North Americas oldest thoroughbred horse race, run at a distance of 1 1/4 miles for 3-year-old thoroughbed horses, foaled in Canada, run annually in July at Woodbine Racetrack, Etobicoke (Toronto), Ontario. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 â€“ 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 May 1876, until her death on 22 January 1901. ... Queen Elizabeth IIs Golden Jubilee Medal was a commemorative medal struck by the Royal Canadian Mint celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of Her Majestys reign as Queen of Canada. ... The Front and Back view of the Queens Silver Jubilee Medal The Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal was a commemorative medals struck by the Canadian Mint celebrating the twenty-fifth anniversary of Her Majestys reign as Queen of Canada. ... The Prince of Wales Stakes is a Grade I stakes race for Thoroughbred race horses first run in 1929. ... The Queen Elizabeth II Cup is a Group One Thoroughbred horse race at Sha Tin Racecourse in Hong Kong, New Territories, China. ... RCMP redirects here. ... The Heritage Canada Foundation (also known as Heritage Canada; in French, La fondation HÃ©ritage Canada also known as HÃ©ritage Canada) is a registered charity with the mandate to encourage the protection and promotion of the built, natural, historic and scenic heritage of Canada. ...

The Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) is a non-profit charitable organization founded in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada on January 29, 1897 created for the purposes of homecare and social services. ... A Diamond Jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 60th anniversary. ... A Silver Jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 25th anniversary. ...

Debate

To date, there has been little national debate about ending the monarchy in Canada, in contrast to some other Commonwealth realms where the issue has gained a relatively higher profile. Many Canadians continue to be unaware that the Queen serves as their head of state; a 2002 EKOS poll found that only five percent of Canadians could correctly identify Elizabeth II as Canada's head of state (the majority believing it to be the Prime Minister).^[84] In contrast to Australian republicanism, there has been little national debate about ending the Monarchy in Canada. ... The Commonwealth Realms, shown in pink A Commonwealth Realm is any one of the sixteen sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that recognise Elizabeth II as their respective monarch. ... EKOS Research Associates Inc. ...

Where debate does exist, it tends to be a largely academic one, and several books have been written that explore the subject from a political science perspective. Neither of Canada's two main political parties, the Liberal Party or the Conservative Party, are officially in favour of abolishing the monarchy; though the latter makes support for constitutional monarchy a founding principle in its policy declaration.^[85] The New Democratic Party (NDP) has no official position on the role of the monarchy; in practice the NDP is not actively pro-republic and largely supports the status quo. Unlike other Commonwealth realms, Canada has never had a head of government who has been openly republican. Some politicians, having pledged allegiance to the Queen, have occasionally publicly voiced their opinion on the matter, following former-Deputy Prime Minister John Manley's 2002 statement that he was in favour of abolishing the monarchy – later stating that it was his personal opinion. The Politics series Politics Portal This box: Political Science is the field concerning the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behaviour. ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party. ... The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ... This article is about the Canadian political party. ... The Deputy Prime Minister of Canada (French: Vice-premier ministre du Canada) is an honorary position in the Canadian government, conferred at the discretion of the Prime Minister on a member of the cabinet. ... Former Canadian MP John Manley John Paul Manley, PC, BA, LL.B is a Canadian lawyer, businessperson and politician, was born on January 5, 1950 in Ottawa. ...

The one province that has shown significant republican sentiment is Quebec; the Parti Québécois has at times expressed hostility to the institution of the monarchy. However, as the party views Quebec sovereignty as a more pressing concern, and sees the Crown as a purely federal institution (despite the existence of the Crown in Right of Quebec), it has recently tended to decline comment on the issue. This article is about the Canadian province. ... The Parti QuÃ©bÃ©cois (PQ) is a political party that advocates national sovereignty for the Canadian province of Quebec and secession from Canada, as well as social democratic policies and has traditionally had support from the labour movement. ... Quebec The Quebec sovereignty movement is a movement calling for the attainment of sovereignty for Quebec, a province of the country of Canada. ... Legislative Legislatures Politics of: AB | BC | MB | NB | NL | NT | NS | NU | ON | PE | QC | SK | YT Elections Elections in: AB | BC | MB | NB | NL | NT | NS | NU | ON | PE | QC | SK | YT Federal Politics of Canada General Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Monarchy...

Canada has two special-interest groups representing both sides of the debate, who frequently argue the issue in the media: Monarchist League of Canada and the Citizens for a Canadian Republic. The Coat of Arms of the Monarchist League of Canada, granted with permission of Her Majesty The Queen in 2000. ... Logo of the Citizens for a Canadian Republic Citizens for a Canadian Republic (CCR) is a non-partisan, not-for-profit Canadian organization founded in 2002 that advocates the abolition of the monarchy in Canada and its replacement with a president who would either be chosen through a general election...

Contents

Origins

International and domestic aspects

Development of shared monarchy

Title

Finance

Succession

Constitutional role

Constitutional duties

Provinces

Legal role

Cultural role

Embodiment of the State

Symbols

Royal presence

History

Canadian Royal Family

Composition

Styles

Popularity

Residences

The Crown and the First Nations

The Crown and the Canadian Forces

Organizations with royal association

Organizations under Royal Charter

Canadian Organizations with royal patronage

Awards and charities

Debate

See also

Other realms: monarchy

Other realms: royal family

Canada

Other

External links

Official sites from the Canadian government

Other external links

Footnotes

Contents

Origins GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

International and domestic aspects

Development of shared monarchy

Title

Finance

Succession

Constitutional role

Constitutional duties

Provinces

Legal role

Cultural role

Embodiment of the State

Symbols

Royal presence

History

Canadian Royal Family

Composition

Styles

Popularity

Residences

The Crown and the First Nations

The Crown and the Canadian Forces

Organizations with royal association

Organizations under Royal Charter

Canadian Organizations with royal patronage

Awards and charities

Debate

See also

Other realms: monarchy

Other realms: royal family

Canada

Other

External links

Official sites from the Canadian government

Other external links

Footnotes

Origins