Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus ← 1917 – 1920 → The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia_(bordered). ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russian_SFSR.svg Summary The flag of Russian during their period in the USSR. Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: List of flags Flag of Russian SFSR Russian SFSR Flag of Russia Flags of the Soviet Republics Wikipedia:WikiProject Flag Template Wikipedia... The Soviet Mountain Republic (Russian: Го́рская АССР, part of RSFSR) existed from January 20, 1921 to July 7, 1924. ... Image File history File links Bandera_de_la_república_de_la_Muntanya,_1919-1920. ... Flag Capital Temir-Khan-Shura Language(s) Chechen, Ingush, Ossetic, Dagestani languages Government Republic Historical era Interwar period  - Independence March, 1917  - Incorporated by the Soviet Union June, 1920 Currency Ruble

The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (MRNC; also known as the Mountain Republic or the Republic of the Mountaineers) (1917–1920) was a shortlived state situated in the Northern Caucasus, now forming the republics of Chechnya, Ingushetia, North Ossetia-Alania, and Dagestan of the Russian Federation. Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. ... Buynaksk, known as Temir-Khan-Shura before 1922 (Russian: Буйнакск, Темир-Хан-Шура), is a town in Dagestan, Russia, located at the foothills of the Greater Caucasus on the Shura-Ozen River. ... The Chechen language has about 1,200,000 speakers, most of whom live in Russia. ... Ingush language is a language spoken by approximately 230,315 people (1989) across a region covering Ingushetia, Chechnya, Uzbekistan and Russia. ... The Entholinguistic patchwork of the modern Caucasus - CIA map Ossetic or Ossetian (Ossetic: or , Persian: اوسِتی) is an Iranian language spoken in Ossetia, a region on the slopes of the Caucasus mountains on the borders of Russia and Georgia. ... The Republic of Dagestan IPA: (Russian: ; Avar: , ), older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... in particular, for the archaizing senses of republic, as a translation of politeia or res publica Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on consent of the governed... Europe between 1929 and 1938. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The ruble or rouble is a unit of currency. ... Southern Federal District (Northern Caucasus) is one of the seven federal districts of Russia. ... The Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Noxçiyn, is a federal subject of Russia. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Capital Vladikavkaz Area - total - % water Ranked 84th - 8,000 km² - negligible Population - Total - Density Ranked 68th - est. ... The Republic of Dagestan IPA: (Russian: ; Avar: , ), older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ...

The total land area of the MRNC was about 70,000 square kilometers (27,027 sq mi), with a population of about 1 million. Its capital was initially at Vladikavkaz, then Nazran and finally Buynaksk. Photo of Vladikavkaz cathedral mosque in 1912. ... Nazran (Russian: Назра́нь) is a town in Russia. ... Buynaksk, known as Temir-Khan-Shura before 1922 (Russian: Буйнакск, Темир-Хан-Шура), is a town in Dagestan, Russia, located at the foothills of the Greater Caucasus on the Shura-Ozen River. ...

History

Leaders of the MRNC with prime minister Tapa Tchermoeff front row centre.

The "Union of the Peoples of the Northern Caucasus" was created in March 1917, and an Executive Committee of the Union was elected. The Chairman of the Executive Committee was one of the leaders of the National‐Liberation movement of the Peoples of the Northern Caucasus, Tapa Tchermoeff. The "Nizam" of Imam Shamil (the Constitution of Shamil of 1847) was adopted on 5 August 1917 by the "Central Committee of the Northern Caucasus". The republic was officially established on 11 May 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Tsarist empire in the Russian revolution of 1917, when the Government of the MRNC was established. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Tapa Abdul Midgit Bey Ortsa Tchermoeff (1882 – August 28, 1937) (Russian: ) was the first and last prime minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus. ... Tapa Abdul Midgit Bey Ortsa Tchermoeff (1882 – August 28, 1937) (Russian: ) was the first and last prime minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus. ... Imam Shamil Imam Shamil (1797 - March 1871) was an Avar political and religious leader of the Muslim tribes of the Northern Caucasus. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

The main founders of the MRNC were Sayd Shamil (grandson of Imam Shamil, who was later (1924) one of the founders and leaders of the "Committee of Independence of the Caucasus" in Germany), Tapa Tchermoeff — prime minister, Sheikh Ali-Khaji Akusha, Haidar Bamat and others. The capital of the republic was Temir Khan Shure (now Buinaksk). Imam Shamil Imam Shamil (1797 - March 1871) was an Avar political and religious leader of the Muslim tribes of the Northern Caucasus. ... Tapa Abdul Midgit Bey Ortsa Tchermoeff (1882 – August 28, 1937) (Russian: ) was the first and last prime minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... For other uses, see Sheikh (disambiguation). ... Buynaksk, known as Temir-Khan-Shura before 1922 (Russian: Буйнакск, Темир-Хан-Шура), is a town in Dagestan, Russia, located at the foothills of the Greater Caucasus on the Shura-Ozen River. ...

This Mountainous Republic was de jure recognized by Ottoman Empire, Germany and the Democratic Republic of Georgia. Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy [[Category:Former monarchies}}|Ottoman Empire, 1299]] Sultans  - 1281–1326... Anthem: Dideba Zetsit Kurtheuls (Praise Be To The Heavenly Bestower of Blessings) Map of the Democratic Republic of Georgia from November 1918 to May 1920. ...

General Anton Denikin's Volunteer Army and regional Armed forces after Armistice of Mudros

During the Russian Civil War, the Mountaineers were engaged in fierce clashes against the invasive White troops of General Anton Denikin's Volunteer Army. The fighting ended in January 1920, when Denikin's army was completely defeated by the XI Red Army. The advancing Red Army was at first greeted by red flags in the villages of the Northern Caucasus but the promises of autonomous rule made by the Bolsheviks went unrealized. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 480 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (717 × 895 pixel, file size: 776 KB, MIME type: image/png) This image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 480 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (717 × 895 pixel, file size: 776 KB, MIME type: image/png) This image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Anton Denikin on the day of his resignation in 1920 Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин) (December 16, 1872 - August 8, 1947) was a Russian army officer before and during... The Volunteer Army (Добровольческая армия in Russian, or Dobrovolcheskaya armiya) was a counterrevolutionary army in South Russia during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920. ... The Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918), which ended the hostilities on Middle Eastern theatre of World War I between Ottoman Empire and Allies, was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey) and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe), on the aboard HMS Agamemnon in Moudros port... The Russian Civil War (1917-1922) began immediately after the collapse of the Russian provisional government and the Bolshevik takeover of Petrograd, rapidly intensifying after the dissolution of the Russian Constituent Assembly and signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. ... White Army redirects here. ... Anton Denikin on the day of his resignation in 1920 Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин) (December 16, 1872 - August 8, 1947) was a Russian army officer before and during... The Volunteer Army (Добровольческая армия in Russian, or Dobrovolcheskaya armiya) was a counterrevolutionary army in South Russia during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920. ... The 11th Army of the Workers and Peasants Red Army (RKKA) was a unit of the then newly created Russian Red Army. ... Southern Federal District (Northern Caucasus) is one of the seven federal districts of Russia. ... Bolshevik Party Meeting. ...

In June 1920 the MRNC was occupied by the Red Army of Bolshevik Russia. The legal Government of the republic was forced to leave the Caucasus. In January 1921 the Soviet Mountain Republic of the Russian SFSR was established. Bolshevist Russia is a common term that refers to the Red side in the Russian government between the Bolsheviks October Revolution (November 7, 1917) and the constitution of the Soviet Union (December 30, 1922). ... The Soviet Mountain Republic (Russian: Го́рская АССР, part of RSFSR) existed from January 20, 1921 to July 7, 1924. ... State motto: Russian: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Moscow Official language Russian Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until November 7, 1917 November 7, 1917 December 12, 1991 (dissolution) Area  - Total  - Water (%) Ranked 1st in the USSR 17,075,200 km² 13% Population  - Total   - Density Ranked 1st in the...

See also

• Caucasian Imamate
• North Caucasian Soviet Republic

Caucasian Imamate in 1854 The Caucasian Imamate was the state established by the imams of Dagestan during the early and middle of the nineteenth century in the Eastern Caucasus, especially in Chechnya and Dagestan, to fight against the Russian Empire during the Caucasian War. ... North Caucasian Soviet Republic (Russian: Северо-Кавказская Советская Республика [Severo-Kavkazskaja Sovetskaja Respublika]) (July 7-December, 1918) was a...

References

• J. "Obedinennyi Kavkaz" ("Vereinigtes Kaukasien"), No: 1–3 (30–32), Munchen, 1954 (Russian)
• Levan Z. Urushadze, About the history of the question of unity of the Caucasian Peoples. J. "Amirani", XIII, Montreal‐Tbilisi, 2005, pp. 72–87 (in Georgian, English summary)
• Baddeley, J. F., 1908, The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus, Longmans, Green, and Co., London
• Henrey, Mrs Robert, 1954, Madeleine Grown Up, J. M. Dent & Sons, London
• Caucasian Republic Mission to the Peace Conference Appeal for Help, Friday 4 April 1919, The Morning Post, London.
• Tapa Tchermoeff's Obituary The Times written by Elti Temihan
• Storozhenko (Ed.), 1995, Ingushetia and Chechen Republic Map, Northern Caucasian Aerogeodesic Company of Roskartografia, Russia.

External links

• Colorado College paper