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Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Electronegativity (319 words) |
 | Two scales of electronegativity are in common use: the Pauling scale (proposed in 1932) and the Mulliken scale (proposed in 1934). |
 | On this scale, the most electronegative element (fluorine) is given an electronegativity value of 4.0; the least electronegative element (francium) has a value of 0.7, and the remaining elements have values in between. |
 | On the Mulliken scale, numbers are obtained by averaging ionization potential and electron affinity. |
| Scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (230 words) |
 | The Richter scale, the Mercalli scale, the Rossi-Forel scale and the Omori are all used to measure the intensity of earthquakes. |
 | The Fujita scale measures the intensity of tornadoes. |
 | The Torino scale and the Palermo scale measure the impact hazard level of near-Earth objects such as asteroids. |