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?Mumbai Maharashtra • India Nariman Point & Cuffe Parade  Mumbai  Coordinates: 18°58′N 72°49′E / 18.96, 72.82 Time zone IST (UTC+5:30) Area • Elevation 603.45 km² (233 sq mi) • 8 m (26 ft) District(s) • Mumbai City • Mumbai Suburban Population • Density 13.2 million (1st) (2006) • 21,880/km² (56,669/sq mi) (1st) (2006) Municipal commissioner Jairaj Phatak Mayor Shubha Raul Codes • Pincode • Telephone • UN/LOCODE • Vehicle • 400 xxx • +022 • INBOM • MH-01—03 Website: www.mcgm.gov.in Coordinates: 18°58′N 72°49′E / 18.96, 72.82 , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Nariman Point Mumbais tallest buildings are located at Nariman Point Nariman Point is Mumbais premier business district. ... Cuffe Parade is an upmarket neighbourhood in Mumbai. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Locator_Dot. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Location of Mirzapur and the 82. ... The geography of India is diverse, with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts, plains, rainforests, hills, and plateaus. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... The divisions of a district. ... Mumbai (IPA: ), formerly known as Bombay (IPA: ), is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and is the most populous Indian city. ... Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the most populous Indian city. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Look up million in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The following is a list of the most populous cities in India. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article lists the top fifty metropolitan areas in India by population as of 2007. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai is the chief of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation. ... Jairaj Moreshwar Phatak is the 25th municipal commissioner of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC), India. ... The Mayor of Mumbai is the first citizen of the Indian city of Mumbai. ... Shubha Raul (b. ... Example of a PIN: The PIN code of Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or post code system used by the Indian Postal Service. ... For the past decade or so, telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India. ... UN/LOCODE is a geographic coding scheme developed and maintained by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, a unit of the United Nations. ... Licence plates on the back of a taxi in Kolkata. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... "Bombay" redirects here. For other uses, see Bombay (disambiguation). Mumbai (Marathi: मुंबई Mumbaī, IPA: /ˈmumbəi/ (help· info)), formerly known as Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. With an estimated population of about 13 million, it is the largest metropolis in India and also one of the world's most populous cities within administrative limits. With the population of 19 million, Mumbai Metropolitan Area is also the world's 5th most populated metropolitan area. Bombay might refer to: Places Bombay is the former name of the Indian city of Mumbai. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Image File history File links Mumbai_pronunciation. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... For other uses, see Metropolis (disambiguation). ... This is a list of the most populous cities of the world defined according to the concept of city proper. ... The Mumbai metropolitan area also known as the Greater Mumbai urban agglomeration is an agglomeration (or urbanised area) consisting of the metropolis of Mumbai and its satellite towns. ... Metropolitan areas with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 This is a list of the 100 largest urban agglomerations in the world according to the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects report (2005 revision). ... Located off the west coast of India, the city has a deep natural harbour. Mumbai handles over half of India's passenger traffic and a significant amount of cargo.[1] It has been suggested that History of the Konkan be merged into this article or section. ... Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment capital of India, and houses important financial institutions, such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and the corporate headquarters of many Indian companies. Mumbai attracts migrants from all over India because of the immense employment opportunities and the relatively high standard of living, but most end up living in shanties. The city is home to India's Hindi film and television industry, known as Bollywood. Mumbai is also one of the few cities that accommodates a national park, the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, within its city limits. The RBI headquarters in Mumbai The RBI Regional Office in Mumbai The RBI heaquarters in Delhi. ... The Bombay Stock Exchange The Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (Marathi:मुंबई शेयर बाजार) (formerly, The Stock Exchange, Mumbai; popularly called The Bombay Stock Exchange, or BSE) is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. ... The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE), is a Mumbai-based stock exchange. ... Reliance Infocomm Tata Indicom National Stock Exchange of India Bombay Stock Exchange See also List of Indian companies Categories: | | ... This is a list of major companies based in India. ... In New Delhi, a woman wields a pickaxe on a footpath maintenance project while her husband rests and her baby sleeps The standard of living in India is constantly improving. ... Hindi (DevanāgarÄ«: or , IAST: , IPA:  ), an Indo-European language spoken all over India in varying degrees and extensively in northern and central India, is one of the 22 official languages of India and is also used for central government administrative purposes , along with English. ... India is a major regional center for cinema. ... Bollywood (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is the informal name given to the popular Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry in India. ... The Borivali National Park, also known as Sanjay Gandhi National Park is the world’s only National Park within city limits. ... Contents 1 Names 2 History 3 Geography 4 Climate 5 Economy 6 Civic administration 7 Transport 8 Utility services 9 Demographics 10 People and Culture 11 Media 12 Education 13 Sports 14 See also 15 References 16 Further reading 17 External links [edit] Names The name Mumbai is an eponym, etymologically derived from Mumba or Maha-Amba— the name of the Hindu goddess Mumbadevi, and Aai — mother in Marathi.[2] The former name Bombay had its origins in the 16th century when the Portuguese arrived in the area and called the place with various names, which would finally take on the written form Bombaim, still common in current Portuguese use. After the British gained possession in the 17th century, it was anglicised to Bombay, although it was known as Mumbai or Mambai to Marathi and Gujarati-speakers, and as Bambai in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian.[3] However, even Marathi and Gujarati-speakers commonly used "Bombay" when speaking in English.[4] The name was officially changed to Marathi pronunciation of Mumbai in 1995. An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, who has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery, or other item. ... Etymologies redirects here. ... Bhavna says there are 300 million gods in Hinduism. ... Mumba Devi Mandir, or Mumba Devi Temple, is an old Hindu temple in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay) dedicated to the goddess Mumba. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... To anglicise (or in North American English anglicize) is to adapt a foreign word into the English language, often modifying its form to correspond to standard English French demoiselle, meaning little lady. Another common type of anglicisation is the inclusion of a foreign article as part of a noun (eg. ... "Mumbai" written in Marathi, at the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower A widespread explanation of the origin of the traditional English name Bombay holds that it would be derived from a Portuguese name meaning good bay.[5] This is based on the fact that bom (masc.) is Portuguese for good whereas the English word bay is similar to the Portuguese baía (fem., bahia in old spelling). The normal Portuguese rendering of good bay would have been boa bahia rather than the grammatically incorrect bom bahia. However, it is possible to find the form baim (masc.) for little bay in sixteen century Portuguese. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3072 × 2304 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3072 × 2304 pixel, file size: 1. ... Marathi (मराठी ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western India. ... A view of the hotel at night The Taj Mahal Palace is a prestigious hotel located in the Colaba district of Mumbai, India, next to the Gateway of India. ... Other sources have a different origin for the Portuguese toponym Bombaim. José Pedro Machado's Dicionário Onomástico Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa ("Portuguese Dictionary of Onomastics and Etymology") mentions what is probably the first Portuguese reference to the place, dated from 1516, as Benamajambu or Tena-Maiambu,[6] pointing out that "maiambu"' seems to refer to Mumba-Devi, the Hindu goddess after which the place is named in Marathi (Mumbai). In that same century the spelling seems to have evolved to Mombayn (1525)[7] and then Mombaim (1563).[8] The final form Bombaim appears later in the 16th century, as recorded by Gaspar Correia in his Lendas da Índia ("Legends of India").[9] J.P. Machado seems to reject the "Bom Bahia" hypothesis, asserting that Portuguese records mentioning the presence of a bay at the place led the English to assume that the noun (bahia, "bay") was an integral part of the Portuguese toponym, hence the English version Bombay, adapted from Portuguese.[10] To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... // Events March - With the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon, his grandson Charles of Ghent becomes King of Spain as Carlos I. July - Selim I of the Ottoman Empire declares war on the Mameluks and invades Syria. ... [edit] History Main article: History of Mumbai The Bombay High Court is a historic example of British colonial architecture in Mumbai Present Mumbai was originally an archipelago of seven islands. Artefacts found near Kandivali, in northern Mumbai indicate that these islands had been inhabited since the Stone Age. Documented evidence of human habitation dates back to 250 BCE, when it was known as Heptanesia (Ptolemy) (Ancient Greek: A Cluster of Seven Islands). In the 3rd century BCE, the islands formed part of the Maurya Empire, ruled by the Buddhist emperor, Aşoka. During the first few centuries of our era, control over Mumbai was disputed between the Indo-Scythian Western Satraps and the Satavahanas. The Hindu rulers of the Silhara Dynasty later governed the islands until 1343, when the kingdom of Gujarat annexed them. Some of the oldest edifices of the archipelago – the Elephanta Caves and the Walkeshwar temple complex date from this era. Victoria Station, Bombay, circa 1903 The history of Mumbai recounts the growth of a collection of islands on the western coast of India becoming the commercial and cultural capital of the nation and one of the most populous cities in the world. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2. ... The Bombay High Court was inaugurated on August 14, 1862. ... The Mergui Archipelago The Archipelago Sea, situated between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, the largest archipelago in the world by the number of islands. ... The original islands Seven islands were merged to form the city of Bombay (now called Mumbai): Isle of Bombay Colaba Little Colaba or Old Womans Island Mahim Mazagaon Parel Worli The nearby islands of Trombay and Salsette were also merged to form the surburban Greater Bombay. ... Kandivali or Kandivli (Marathi कांदिवली) is the name of a suburb of Mumbai, India. ... Stone Age fishing hook. ... This article is about the geographer, mathematician and astronomer Ptolemy. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... Chandragupta Maurya (ruled 322–298 BC), known to the Greeks as Sandracottus, was the first emperor of the Mauryan empire. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... Allegiance: Magadhan Empire Rank: Emperor Succeeded by: Dasaratha Maurya Reign: 273 BC-232 BC Place of birth: Pataliputra, India Battles/Wars Kalinga War Emperor Ashoka the Great (Devanagari: अशोक(:); IAST transliteration: , pronunciation: ) (304 BC–232 BC) (Imperial Title:Devanampiya Piyadassi ie He who is the beloved of the Gods who, in... The Indo-Scythian King of Kings Azes II (c. ... The Western Satraps, or Western Kshatrapas (35-405) were Saka rulers of the western and central part of India (Saurashtra and Malwa: modern Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states). ... Approximate extent of the Satavahana Empire, circa 150 CE. The Sātavāhanas, also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled in Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates... The Hindu Silhara dynasty ruled the region around present day Mumbai from the 9 century to the 13 century. ... This article is for the Indian state. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... The Banganga Tank during the Banganga Festival. ... In 1534, the Portuguese appropriated the islands from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. They were ceded to Charles II of England in 1661, as dowry for Catherine de Braganza. These islands, were in turn leased to the British East India Company in 1668 for a sum of £10 per annum. The company found the deep harbour on the east coast of the islands to be ideal for setting up their first port in the sub-continent. The population quickly rose from 10,000 in 1661, to 60,000 in 1675; In 1687, the British East India Company transferred its headquarters from Surat to Bombay. The city eventually became the headquarters of the Bombay Presidency. From 1817 onwards, the city was reshaped with large civil engineering projects aimed at merging all the islands in the archipelago into a single amalgamated mass. This project, known as the Hornby Vellard, was completed by 1845, and resulted in the total area swelling to 438 km². In 1853, India's first passenger railway line was established, connecting Bombay to the town of Thane. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the city became the world's chief cotton trading market, resulting in a boom in the economy and subsequently enhancing the city's stature. Bahadur Shah (ruled 1526-1535, 1536-1537) was a Sultan of Gujarat. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... A dowry (also known as trousseau) is a gift of money or valuables given by the family of the bride to the family of the groom at the time of their marriage. ... Catherine of Braganza. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... GBP redirects here. ... This page includes English translations of several Latin phrases and abbreviations such as . ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. ... The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland. ... The Hornby Vellard was a civil engineering project aimed at uniting all seven islands of Bombay into a single island with a deep natural harbour. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... , For the Anglo-Saxon royal retainer, see Thegn. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... For other uses, see Cotton (disambiguation). ... Flora Fountain was renamed Hutatma Chowk, or "Martyr's Crossroads," in memory of the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 transformed Bombay into one of the largest seaports on the Arabian Sea.[11] Over the next thirty years, the city grew into a major urban centre, spurred by an improvement in infrastructure and the construction of many of the city's institutions. The population of the city swelled to one million by 1906, making it the second largest in India after Calcutta. As capital of the Bombay Presidency, it was a major base for the Indian independence movement, with the Quit India Movement called by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942 being its most rubric event. After India's independence in 1947, it became the capital of Bombay State. In the 1950 the city expanded to its present limits by incorporating parts of Salsette island which lay to the north. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2. ... Flora Fountain Flora Fountain (now known as Hutatma Chowk) is a stone fountain situated in Fort business district in the heart of South Mumbai, Mumbai, India. ... Hutatma Chowk is a square in south Mumbai, formerly known as Flora Fountain, where in 1960 peaceful agitators of the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti were fired upon by police. ... For other uses, see Suez (disambiguation). ... The Arabian Sea (Arabic: بحر العرب; transliterated: Bahr al-Arab) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia... This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. ... The Indian Independence Movement was a series of revolutions empowered by the people of India put forth to battle the British Empire for complete political independence, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ... The Quit India Movement (Bharat Chhodo Andolan or the August Movement) was a civil disobedience movement in India launched in August 1942 in response to Mahatma Gandhis call for immediate independence of India. ... “Gandhi” redirects here. ... Bombay state is a former state of India. ... After 1955, when the State of Bombay was being reorganised along linguistic lines into the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat, there was a demand that the city be constituted as an autonomous city-state. However, the Samyukta Maharashtra movement opposed this, and insisted that Mumbai be declared the capital of Maharashtra. Following a successful protests in which 105 people were killed by police firing, Maharashtra state was formed with Mumbai as its capital on May 1, 1960. Bombay Presidency in 1909, northern portion Bombay Presidency in 1909, southern portion The State of Bombay is a former state of pre-independence India. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... This article is for the Indian state. ... Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti (Marathi:संयुक्त महाराष्ट्र समिति) was an organisation that spearheaded the demand, in the 1950s, for the creation of a separate Marathi-speaking state out of the (then bilingual) State of Bombay in western India. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Since the 1970s, Mumbai saw a population boom that has made it the 5th most populous city in the world and led to a construction boom The late 1970s witnessed a construction boom and a significant influx of migrants, which saw Mumbai overtake Kolkata as India's most populous city. The city's secular fabric was torn apart in the riots of 1992–93, after large scale sectarian violence caused extensive loss of life and property. A few months later, on March 12, a series of co-ordinated bombings at several city landmarks by the Mumbai underworld killed around three hundred people. In 1995, the city was renamed Mumbai by the Shiv Sena government of Maharashtra, in keeping with their policy of renaming colonial institutions after historic local appellations. There have also been bomb explosions on public transport buses in the past couple of years. In 2006, Mumbai was also the site of a major terrorist attack in which over two hundred people were killed when several bombs exploded almost simultaneously on the Mumbai Suburban Railway.[12] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1035, 279 KB)Mumbai Skyline from the sea. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1035, 279 KB)Mumbai Skyline from the sea. ... , “Calcutta” redirects here. ... Although numerous riots have occurred in the City of Mumbai, India (Bombay) since Independence, the Bombay Riots usually refers to the riots in Mumbai, in December 1992 and January 1993, in which 900 people died. ... is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The 1993 Bombay bombings were a series of thirteen bomb explosions that took place in Bombay (now Mumbai), India on March 12, 1993. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map showing the Western line and blast locations. ... Suburban rail network. ... See also: Timeline of Mumbai events See also: History of Mumbai, Mumbai // up to 18th century 600 BC — First known permanent settlement. ... [edit] Geography Main article: Geography of Mumbai The metropolis consists of the city , The suburban district and also the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane. Mumbai is located on seven now-merged islands (see seven islands of Bombay) which are Isle of Bombay, Mazagaon, Colaba,Old Woman's Island, Parel, Worli, and Salsette Island. Bombay lies at the mouth of Ulhas River off the western coast of India, in the coastal region known as the Konkan. Much of Mumbai is just above sea level, and the average elevation ranges from 10 m (33 ft) to 15 m (49 ft). Northern Mumbai is hilly, and the highest point in the city is 450 metres (1,450 feet).[13] Mumbai spans a total area of 603 km² (233 sq mi). Mumbai is Indias most populated city. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... , Navi Mumbai (Marathi: नवी मुंबई, IAST: ) (erstwhile: New Bombay) is a twin of Mumbai city, India. ... , For the Anglo-Saxon royal retainer, see Thegn. ... The original islands Seven islands were merged to form the city of Bombay (now called Mumbai): Isle of Bombay Colaba Little Colaba or Old Womans Island Mahim Mazagaon Parel Worli The nearby islands of Trombay and Salsette were also merged to form the surburban Greater Bombay. ... Isle of Bombay was one of Seven islands of Bombay, that were merged to create city of Bombay. ... Mazagaon, also spelled Mazgaon and Mazagon, and pronounced by the affluent Catholics as Mazgon or Maz-a-gon, the rest as Mazhgav, esp. ... Colaba is a part of the city of Bombay. ... The Old Womans Island, also known as Little Colaba is one of the seven islands composing the city of Mumbai, India. ... Parel is a suburb of Mumbai. ... Nehru Centre at Worli Worli (Marathi:वरळी) is a locality in Mumbai, the largest city in India. ... The island as seen from the sky Salsette (साष्टी) (Portuguese: Salsete, Marathi: Sashti (साष्टी)) is an island in Maharashtra state on Indias west coast. ... The Ulhas River is a river of western India. ... It has been suggested that History of the Konkan be merged into this article or section. ... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Five lakes supply water to Mumbai: Lakes Vihar, Vaitarna, Powai, Tulsi and Tansa. Tulsi Lake, Vihar Lake and Powai Lake are located within the metropolitan limits, the first two being located within the Borivali National Park, and supply part of the city's drinking water. Mumbai also has three small rivers within the city limits originating in the National Park. The coastline of the city is indented with numerous creeks and bays. The eastern coast of Salsette Island is covered with large mangrove swamps, rich in biodiversity. The western coast is mostly sandy and rocky. Italic textLink titlelink title Headline text Media:Example. ... Vihar lake is Mumbais largest lake. ... Powai Lake Powai Lake is a large artificial lake, situated in a northern suburb of (Mumbai). ... The Borivali National Park, also known as Sanjay Gandhi National Park is the world’s only National Park within city limits. ... In United Kingdom usage, the term creek refers exclusively to a tidal water channel. ... Above and below water view at the edge of the mangal. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth Biodiversity is the variation of taxonomic life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. ... Soil cover in the city region is predominantly sandy due to its proximity to the sea. In the suburbs, the soil cover is largely alluvial and loamy. The underlying rock of the region is composed of black Deccan basalt flows, and their acid and basic variants dating back to the late Cretaceous and early Eocene eras. Mumbai sits on a seismically active zone[14] owing to the presence of three fault lines in the vicinity. The area is classified as a Zone III region, which means an earthquake of up to magnitude 6.5 on the Richter-scale may be expected. The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... The common (Arrhenius) definition of a base is a chemical compound that either donates hydroxide ions or absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. ... // The Cretaceous Period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ... hfajhfiudshfas == == == --24. ... Geologic timeline can refer to: The geologic timescale of Earth history. ... Richter magnitude scale, a scale measuring the intensity of Earthquakes Charles Francis Richter, the inventor of the above scale Jeremias Benjamin Richter, German chemist who developed the stochiometry theory Sviatoslav Richter, a Ukrainian pianist Hans Richter, a Dada artist, filmmaker and writer Hans Richter, a German conductor Karl Richter, a... Mumbai is classified as a metropolis of India, under the jurisdiction of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation. It consists of two distinct regions — the city and the suburbs, which also form two separate districts of Maharashtra. The city region is also commonly referred to as the Island City.[15] Administrative headquarters of the BMC. Coat of Arms of the City of Mumbai [1] The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (formerly Bombay Municipal Corporation) or the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (Marathi: बृहन्मुंबई महानगर पालिका) is Indias richest municipal organisation. ... See also: List of Mumbai beaches As a coastal city, Bombay has a whole lot of beaches along its western coast. ... [edit] Climate Main article: Weather of Mumbai Mumbai lies in the tropical zone The climate of the city, being in the tropical zone, and near the Arabian Sea, may be broadly classified into two main seasons — the humid season, and the dry season. The humid season, between March and October, is characterized by high humidity and temperatures of over 30 °C (86 °F). The monsoon rains lash the city between June and September, and supply most of the city's annual rainfall of 2,200 mm (85 inches). The maximum annual rainfall ever recorded was 3,452 mm (135.89 inches) in 1954.[16] The highest rainfall recorded in a single day was 944 mm (37.16 inches) on 2005-07-26.[17] Mumbai has two weather monitoring stations. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 534 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Sunset Over Bandstand, Mumbai Author: Zia Gheewalla, Flickr user zia21g http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 534 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Sunset Over Bandstand, Mumbai Author: Zia Gheewalla, Flickr user zia21g http://www. ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... The tropics are the geographic region of the Earth centered on the equator and limited in latitude by the two tropics: the Tropic of Cancer in the north and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. ... The Arabian Sea (Arabic: بحر العرب; transliterated: Bahr al-Arab) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia... Humidity is the amount of water vapor in air. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Monsoon (disambiguation). ... In meteorology, precipitation is any kind of water that falls from the sky as part of the weather. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Maharashtra The Mumbai floods of 2005 refer to the flooding of large areas of the metropolis of Mumbai, a city located on the coast of the Arabian Sea, on the western part of India. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The dry season, between November and February, is characterized by moderate levels of humidity and warm to cool weather. Cold northerly winds are responsible for a mild chill during January and February. Annual temperatures range from a high of 38 °C (100 °F) to a low of 11 °C (52 °F). The record high is 43.3 °C (110 °F) and record low is 7.4 °C (45 °F) on 1962-01-22.[18] Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... [edit] Economy The Bombay Stock Exchange is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. Main article: Economy of Mumbai Mumbai serves as an important economic hub of the country, contributing 10% of all factory employment, 40% of all income tax collections, 60% of all customs duty collections, 20% of all central excise tax collections, 40% of India's foreign trade and Rupees 40 billion (US$ 9 billion) in corporate taxes.[19] Mumbai's per-capita income is Rs.48,954 which is almost three times the national average.[20] Image File history File links The Bombay Bombay Stock Exchange in Mumbai. ... Image File history File links The Bombay Bombay Stock Exchange in Mumbai. ... The Bombay Stock Exchange The Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (Marathi:मुंबई शेयर बाजार) (formerly, The Stock Exchange, Mumbai; popularly called The Bombay Stock Exchange, or BSE) is the oldest stock exchange in Asia. ... Mumbai is the commercial capital of the country, contributing 10% of factory employment, 33% of income tax collections, 60% of customs duty collections, 20% of central excise tax collections, 40% of Indias foreign trade and rupees 40,000 crore (US $9 billion) in corporate taxes. ... Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Economic policy Monetary policy Central bank   Money supply Fiscal policy Spending   Deficit   Debt Trade policy Tariff   Trade agreement Finance Financial market Financial market participants Corporate   Personal Public   Banking   Regulation        An income tax is a tax levied on the financial income... A customs duty is a tariff or tax on the import or export of goods. ... An excise is an indirect tax or duty levied on items within a country. ... International trade is defined as trade between two or more partners from different countries (an exporter and an importer). ... “INR” redirects here. ... To help compare orders of magnitude this page lists dimensionless numbers between 109 and 1012. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... Corporate tax refers to a direct tax levied by various jurisdictions on the profits made by companies or associations. ... Many of India's numerous conglomerates (including State Bank Of India, Tata Group, Godrej and Reliance), and four of the Fortune Global 500 companies are based in Mumbai. Many foreign banks and financial institutions also have branches in this area. Up until the 1980s, Mumbai owed its prosperity largely to textile mills and the seaport, but the local economy has since been diversified to include engineering, diamond-polishing, healthcare and information technology. State Bank of India (SBI) (LSE: SBID) is the largest bank in India. ... The Tata Group is Indias largest conglomerate, with revenues in 2005-06 of Rs. ... Godrej Group Of Companies, they are named after The Godrej family of India. ... Reliance could refer to: Reliance Industries Limited, Indian conglomerate which includes: Reliance Infocomm, telecommunications subsidiary Reliance Energy, electricity subsidiary Reliance (yacht), Americas Cup defender in 1903 a popular name for the ZPG-3W airships of the US Navy. ... The Fortune Global 500 is a ranking of the top 500 corporations worldwide as measured by revenue. ... Health care or healthcare is one of the worlds largest and fastest growing professions. ... Information and communication technology spending in 2005 Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. ... Mumbai’s status as the state capital means that state and central government employees make up a large percentage of the city's workforce. Mumbai also has a large unskilled and semi-skilled labour population, who primarily earn their livelihood as hawkers, taxi drivers, mechanics and other such blue collar professions. The port and shipping industry, too, employs many residents, directly or indirectly. A blue-collar worker is a working class employee who performs manual or technical labor, such as in a factory or in technical maintenance trades, in contrast to a white-collar worker, who does non-manual work generally at a desk. ... The Bandra-Kurla Complex, a modern business district, has shifted commercial concentration towards the suburbs The media industry is another major employer in Mumbai. Most of India's major television and satellite networks, as well as its major publishing houses, are headquartered here. The centre of the Hindi movie industry, Bollywood, is located in Mumbai, and the name Bollywood is a portmanteau of Bombay and Hollywood, the centre of the American film industry. Marathi television and Marathi film industry are also based in Mumbai. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1728 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1728 pixel, file size: 2. ... The Bandra-Kurla complex is a planned commercial complex in the suburbs of Mumbai. ... Bollywood (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is the informal name given to the popular Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry in India. ... A portmanteau (IPA: ) is a word or morpheme that fuses two or more words or word parts to give a combined or loaded meaning. ... Marathi is one of the widely spoken languages of India, and has a long literary history. ... Marathi cinema (मराठी चित्रपट) is one of the oldest in regional Indian films industry. ... Along with the rest of India, Mumbai, its commercial capital, has witnessed an economic boom since the liberalisation of 1991, the finance boom in the mid nineties and the IT, export, services and BPO boom in this decade. The middle class in Mumbai is the segment most impacted by this boom and is the driver behind the consequent consumer boom. Upward mobility among Mumbaikars has led to a direct increase in consumer spending. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is the leveraging of technology or specialist process vendors to provide and manage an organisations critical and/or non-critical enterprise processes and applications. ... Mumbai has been ranked 10th among the world's biggest centres of commerce in terms of the financial flow volumes in a survey compiled by Mastercard Worldwide, which takes into consideration size of financial services network besides equity, bond, derivatives and commodity contract transactions. [edit] Civic administration Main article: Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation City officials Mayor Shubha Raul 10/3/2007 Municipal Commis. Jairaj Phatak 04/05/2007 Sheriff Post vacant The city is administered by the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) (formerly the Bombay Municipal Corporation), with executive power vested in the Municipal Commissioner, who is an IAS officer appointed by the state government. The Corporation comprises 227 directly elected Councillors representing the twenty four municipal wards,[21] five nominated Councillors, and a titular Mayor. The BMC is in charge of the civic and infrastructure needs of the metropolis. An Assistant Municipal Commissioner oversees each ward for administrative purposes. Almost all the state political parties field candidates in the elections for Councillors. ... The Mayor of Mumbai is the first citizen of the Indian city of Mumbai. ... Shubha Raul (b. ... March 10 is the 69th day of the year (70th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai is the chief of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation. ... Jairaj Moreshwar Phatak is the 25th municipal commissioner of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC), India. ... May 4 is the 124th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (125th in leap years). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Sheriff of Mumbai is an apolitical titular position of authority bestowed for one year on a prominent citizen of Mumbai (Bombay). ... ... The Municipal Commissioner of Mumbai is the chief of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation. ... The (IAS) is one of the three All India Services of the Government of India; other two services being the Indian Police Service (IPS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS). ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... The city of Mumbai, India, is divided into administrative divisions. ... The Mayor of Mumbai is the first citizen of the Indian city of Mumbai. ... The Greater Mumbai forms two districts of Maharashtra, with each district under the jurisdiction of a District Collector. The Collectors are in charge of property records and revenue collection for the Central Government, and oversee the national elections held in the city. The divisions of a district. ... The District Collector is a Central Indian Government appointee who is in charge of the governance of a district in a state. ... The Government of India (Hindi: भारत सरकार [1]Bhārat Sarkār), officially referred to as the Union Government, and commonly as Central Government, was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a federal union of 28 states and 7 union territories, collectively called the Republic of... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The Mumbai Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, who is an IPS officer. The Mumbai Police comes under the state Home Ministry. The city is divided into seven police zones and seventeen traffic police zones, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. The Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Mumbai Police. The Mumbai Police has the task of policing the vast metropolitan area of Mumbai, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. ... The Police Commissioner of Mumbai is the chief of the Mumbai Police. ... The Indian Police Service (IPS) is one of the three All India Services of the Government of India; other two services being the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Foreign Service (IFS). ... Mumbai is the seat of the Bombay High Court, which exercises jurisdiction over the states of Maharashtra and Goa, and the Union Territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Mumbai also has two lower courts, the Small Causes Court for civil matters, and the Sessions Court for criminal cases. The Bombay High Court was inaugurated on August 14, 1862. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... A Union Territory is an administrative division of India. ... Daman and Diu (Portuguese: Gujarati is the main language; use of Portuguese is declining because it is not official or taught at school (but still spoken by 10% in Daman). ... Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Gujarati: દાદર&agr