Strong influences on the music of Brazil come from many parts of the world, but there are very popular regional music styles influenced by African and European forms. After 500 years of history the Brazilian music developed some unique and original styles like choro, sertanejo, brega, forró, frevo, samba, Bossa nova, MPB, Brazilian rock, axé and others. Samba is no doubt the best known form of Brazilian music worldwide, though Bossa nova and other genres have also received much attention abroad. Brazil also has a growing community of modern/experimental composition, including electroacoustic music. All genres of Brazilian music formed a solid tradition. Actualy the musics that have been the most popular allong the time are Chico Buarque,Roberto Carlos and Raul Seixas.> For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Choro, also called chorinho, is a Brazilian popular music style. ... Música sertaneja or Sertenejo is a term for Brazilian country music. ... Brega may refer to the following things: Brega Marketing Company a Libyan company for marketing oil. ... Statues of Forró musicians Forró is a kind of popular Northeastern Brazilian dance, as well as a type of music which accompanies the dance. ... Frevo describes is a wide range of musical styles originating from Recife, Brazil, all of which are traditionally associated with Carnaval. ... This article is about the music Samba. ... For other uses, see Bossa nova (disambiguation). ... Música Popular Brasileira, or MPB, literally Brazilian Popular Music, designates a trend in post-Bossa Nova urban popular music. ... Brazilian rock refers to rock music produced in Brazil and usually sung in Brazilian Portuguese. ... Axé music is a style of popular music which originated in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. ... The terms Electroacoustics and its sub-discipline Electroacoustic music have been used to describe several different sonic and musical genres or musical techniques. ... Chico Buarque (full name: Francisco Buarque de Hollanda; born June 19, 1944 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian singer, composer, dramatist and writer. ... Roberto Carlos may refer to: Roberto Carlos, a Brazilian MPB singer. ... Raul Seixas (June 28, 1945 – August 21, 1989), was a Brazilian composer, singer, and songwriter. ...

Brazilian music history

Colonial music

The earliest known descriptions of music in Brazil date from 1578, when a French pastor described the dances and transcribed the music of the Tupi people. In 1587, Gabriel Soares de Sousa wrote about the music of several native Brazilian ethnic groups.

Lundu was the first kind of African-influenced music to flourish in Brazil. Lundu, a style of comedic song and dance, was extremely popular.

Independent Brazil

Brazil became independent from Portugal in 1822, following the Brazilian War of Independence. Soon after, the African comic form 'lundu' spread from the poor black quarters to a broader, white middle-class audience. 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Brazilian War of Independence in 1821-1825 was fought between colonial Brazil and Portugal. ...

Towards the end of the 18th century a form of comedic dance called bumba-meu-boi became very popular. It was a musical retelling of the story of a resurrected ox. These dances are led by a chamador, who introduces the various characters. Instruments used include the pandeiro, the tamborim, the accordion and the acoustic guitar. (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Boi is a style of Central Amazonian folk music now moving into the mainstream in Brazil. ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... The pandeiro (pronounced: IPA: ), is a type of hand frame drum. ... A tamborim is a small, round Brazilian frame drum of Portuguese and African origin. ... For other uses, see Accordion (disambiguation). ... A steel string acoustic guitar is a modern form of guitar descended from the classical guitar, but strung with steel strings for a brighter, louder sound. ...

Classical music

During the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, the classical music in Brazil was strongly influenced by the music style practiced in Europe, particularly the Viennese classical style. The first major Brazilian composer was José Maurício Nunes Garcia, a priest who composed several sacred pieces and some secular music. He wrote the opera Le Due Gemelle ("The two twins"), the first Brazilian opera with a libretto in Portuguese: "A Noite de São João" (Saint John's Party Night). (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... José Maurício Nunes Garcia, Brazilian classical composer, was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at September 20, 1767, and died in the same city in April 18, 1830. ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... Antonio Ghislanzoni, nineteenth century Italian librettist. ...

Near the end of the 19th century, Carlos Gomes went to Milan and produced a number of Italian-style operas, such as Il Guarany (based on a novel by [hey de Alencar]]). Brasílio Itiberê was another prominent classical composer, the first to use elements of Brazilian music in Western classical music, in his Sertaneja (1869). Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Antônio Carlos Gomes (July 11, 1836 - September 16, 1896) is one of the most distinguished nineteenth century classical composers, being the first New World composer whose work was accepted by Europe. ... For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ... Italian opera can be divided into three periods, the Baroque, the Romantic and the modern. ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... Il Guarany is an italian opera by Carlos Gomes, based on the brazilian novel O Guarani, written by José de Alencar. ... For other uses, see Novel (disambiguation). ... This article is about the genre of classical music in the Western musical tradition. ... Música sertaneja or Sertanejo is a term for Brazilian country music. ... Year 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

In 1922, the Week of Modern Art revolutionized Brazilian literature, painting and music. Heitor Villa-Lobos led a new vanguard of composers who used Brazilian folk music in their compositions. Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cover of an exhibition catalog from the Semana de Arte Moderna, 1922. ... See List of Brazilian writers Categories: Literature stubs | Literature by country | Brazilian literature ... Heitor Villa-Lobos (March 5, 1887 - November 17, 1959) was a Brazilian composer, possibly the best-known classical composer born in South America. ...

By the end of the 1930s, there were two schools of Brazilian composition. Camargo Guarnieri was the head of the Nationalist school, inspired by the writer Mário de Andrade. Other composers including Guerra Peixe, Oscar Lorenzo Fernandez, Francisco Mignone, Luciano Gallet and Radamés Gnattali. Beginning in 1939, Hans Joachim Koellreutter, creator of the Live Music Group, founded another school, characterized by the use of dodecaphonism and atonalism. Other composers in this school included Edino Krieger, Cláudio Santoro and Eunice Catunda. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the [[. In East Asia, the rise of militarism occurred. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Painting of Mário de Andrade (1927) by Lasar Segall, a Lithuanian painter in Brazil whom Andrade befriended; Andrade wrote a book about him in 1935. ... Francisco Paulo Mignone (September 3, 1897–February 2, 1986) is one of the most significant figures in Brazilian classical music, and one of the most significant Brazilian composers after Heitor Villa-Lobos. ... Luciano Gallet (June 28, 1893 Rio de Janeiro - October 29, 1931 Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian composer, conductor and pianist. ... Radamés Gnattali (January 27, 1906 - January 13, 1988), was a Brazilian classical composer, conductor, orchestrator, and arranger. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Twelve-tone technique (also dodecaphony) is a method of musical composition devised by Arnold Schoenberg. ... Atonality describes music which departs from the system of tonal hierarchies that characterizes the sound of classical European music between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. ... Santoro, Cláudio (1919-1989) was a Brazilian composer and violinist. ...

Folk music

Drum known as Ilú used in Xambá religion in Pernambuco

The earliest music in what is now Brazil must have been that of the native peoples of the area. Little is known about their music, since no written records exist of this era. With the arrival of Europeans, Brazilian culture began to take shape as a synthesis of native musical styles with Portuguese music and African music. Image File history File links Ilus_Abertura_Religiosa. ... Image File history File links Ilus_Abertura_Religiosa. ...

Indigenous music

Main article: Indigenous Brazilian music

The native peoples of the Brazilian rainforest play instruments including whistles, flutes, horns, drums and rattles. Much of the area's folk music imitates the sound of the Amazon Rainforest. When the Portuguese arrived in Brazil, the first natives they met played an array of reed flutes and other wind and percussion instruments. The Jesuit missionaries introduced songs which used the Tupi language with Christian lyrics, an attempt to convert the people to Christianity [1], and also introduced Gregorian chant and the flute, bow, and the clavichord. For the novel, see Rainforest (novel). ... For other uses, see Whistle (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Flute (disambiguation). ... French horn redirects here. ... For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation). ... A rattle is a percussion musical instrument. ... Map of the Amazon rainforest ecoregions as delineated by the WWF. Yellow line encloses the Amazon rainforest. ... For other uses, see Flute (disambiguation). ... A wind instrument is a musical instrument that contains some type of resonator (usually a tube), in which a column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing into (or over) a mouthpiece set at the end of the resonator. ... Percussion redirects here. ... Seal of the Society of Jesus. ... For other uses, see Missionary (disambiguation). ... The Tupi language group consists of 6 languages in the Tupi-Guarani sublanguage family: Tupi Antigo, Nhengatu, Tupinkin, Potiguara, Omagua, and Cocoma. ... Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: it is patent nonsense. ... Large five-octave unfretted clavichord by Paul Maurici, after J.A. Haas The clavichord is a European stringed keyboard instrument known from the late Medieval, through the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical eras. ...

Eastern Amazônia

Main articles: carimbó and lambada Carimbo (Carimbó in Portuguese) is an African drum. ... Lambada ( ) is a dance which became internationally popular in the 1980s. ...

Eastern Amazônia has long been dominated by carimbó music, which is centered around Belém. In the 1960s, carimbo was electrified and, in the next decade, DJs added elements from reggae, salsa and merengue. This new form became known as lambada and soon moved to Bahia, Salvador by the mid-1980s. Bahian lambada was synthesizer-based and light pop music. French record producers discovered the music there, and brought it back with them to France passing by Portugal, where a Bolivian group called Los K'jarkas saw their own composition launch an international dance craze. Soon, lambada had spread throughout the world and the term soon became meaninglessly attached to multiple varieties of unrelated Brazilian music, leading to purist scorn from Belém and also Bahia. Carimbo (Carimbó in Portuguese) is an African drum. ... Nickname: Local da cidade de Belém, no estado do Pará State Pará County Belém Government  - Mayor Duciomar Gomes da Costa Area  - City 1,070 km²  (413. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969. ... Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. ... Salsa music is a diverse and predominantly Spanish Caribbean genre that is popular across Latin America and among Latinos abroad. ... Merengue is a type of lively, joyful music and dance that comes from the Dominican Republic. ... Lambada ( ) is a dance which became internationally popular in the 1980s. ... Capital (and largest city) Salvador Demonym Baiano Government  -  Governor Jacques Wagner  -  Vice Governor Edmundo Pereira Santos Area  -  Total 564. ... Salvador and Baía de Todos os Santos from space, April 1997 Salvador (in full, São Salvador da Baía de Todos os Santos, or in literal translation: Holy Savior of All Saints Bay) is a city on the northeast coast of Brazil and the capital of the northeastern... The 1980s was the decade spanning from 1980 to 1989, also called The Eighties. The decade saw social, economic and general upheaval as wealth, production and western culture migrated to new industrializing economies. ... Los Kjarkas is a Bolivian band, one of the most popular Andean pop bands in the regions history. ...

Another form of regional folk music, bumba-meu-boi, was popularized by the Carnival celebrations of Parintins and is now a major part of the Brazilian national scene. Folk song redirects here. ... Boi is a style of Central Amazonian folk music now moving into the mainstream in Brazil. ... Parintins is a city in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. ...

Popular music

The field of Brazilian popular music can be traced back to the 1930s, when radio era spread songs across the country. This period also marks the beginning of a substantial predominance of women: from the divas of this radio era until our days, women sharply prevail as solo vocalists. By 2006, more than 100 discs of female interpreters were thrown. In the same period, there were only 34 from male interpreters ^[1]. Well-known radio era artists include chanteuses Nora Ney, Dolores Duran, Maysa Matarazzo, Ângela Maria. Along with Carmen Miranda, Chiquinha Gonzaga, they were the pioneers of this feminine profile of the Brazilian Music that remains until present days. Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Maysa Figueira Monjardim (born June 6, 1936 in São Paulo; died January 22, 1977), better known as Maysa Matarazzo or simply Maysa, was a singer, composer, and actress from Brazil. ... Carmen Miranda, pron. ... Chiquinha Gonzaga at age 18 Chiquinha Gonzaga at age 78 Francisca Edwiges Neves Gonzaga (Rio de Janeiro, October 17, 1847 - Rio de Janeiro, February 28, 1935) Brazilian woman composer. ...

Popular music included instruments like cuicas, tambourines, frying pans, flutes, guitars and the piano. The most famous singer, Carmen Miranda, eventually became an internationally-renowned Hollywood film star. Her songwriter was Ary Barroso, one of the most successful songwriters in early Brazil, along with Lamartine Babo and Noel Rosa. Cuíca Cuíca is a Brazilian friction drum often used in Samba music. ... “Buben” redirects here. ... “Skillet” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Flute (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... Pianoforte redirects here. ... Carmen Miranda, pron. ... ... Ary Barroso (born November 7, 1903 in Ubá, Minas Gerais and died February 9, 1964 in Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian composer. ... Noel de Medeiros Rosa (Rio de Janeiro, 11 December 1910 - 4 May 1937) was a brazilian singer, composer and guitar/banjo player. ...

Much of the hip hop, reggae and rock heard in Brazil speaks powerfully about the government and social standards. Music is used in a very powerful way, to get points across to people, or to relay messages across the country. It embodies many socialpolitical views of people, whether it's the artists or listeners view. However, the message being said by the artists have different meanings to each and every listener. Listeners construct their own meaning or message in a song.

Chôro

Main article: Choro

Chôro (literally "cry" in Portuguese, but in context a more appropriate translation would be "lament"), traditionally called chorinho ("little cry" or "little lament"). Its origins are in 19th century Rio de Janeiro. Originally chôro was played by a trio of flute, guitar and cavaquinho (a small chordophone with four strings). The young pianist Ernesto Nazareth published his first chôro (Não Caio Noutra) in 1878 at the age of 14. ^[2] Nazareth's chôros are often listed as polkas;^[3] he also composed waltzes, schottisches, milongas and Brazilian Tangos. (He resisted the popular term maxixe to represent Brazilian tango.)^[4] Much of the success of the chôro style of music came from the early days of radio, when bands performed live on the air. By the 1960s, it had all but disappeared, being displaced by Bossa Nova and other styles of Brazilian popular music. However, in the late 1970s there was a successful effort to revitalize the genre carried out by some famous artists: Pixinguinha and Waldir Azevedo. Choro, also called chorinho, is a Brazilian popular music style. ... Ernesto Nazareth Ernesto Nazareth Ernesto Júlio Nazareth (March 20, 1863 Rio de Janeiro - February 4, 1934 Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian composer and pianist, especially noted for his creative tango and Choro compositions. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Waltz (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Milonga is a South American form of music, as dance, as the term for the place where tango is danced. ... The maxixe (occasionally known as the Brazilian tango) is a dance, with its accompanying music, that originated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in the 1870s at about the same time as the tango was developing in Argentina and Uruguay. ... The maxixe (pronounced ma-shi-sh), occasionally known as the Brazilian tango, is a dance, with its accompanying music, that originated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in the 1870s at about the same time as the tango was developing in Argentina and Uruguay. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Bossa nova (disambiguation). ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alfredo da Rocha Vianna Filho, better known as Pixinguinha (1898-1973) was a Choro composer, arranger, flutist and saxophonist born in Rio de Janeiro. ... Valdir Azevedo (born in Rio De Janeiro in 1923 and died in São Paulo on 21 September 1980) was a choro conductor and performer. ...

Música popular Brasileira

Gilberto Gil

Main article: Música Popular Brasileira

Tropicalia eventually morphed into a more popular form, MPB (música popular Brasileira), which now refers to any Brazilian pop music. Well-known MPB artists include chanteuses Nara Leão, Gal Costa, Maria Bethânia, Rita Lee, Simone and Elis Regina and singer/songwriters Chico Buarque, Milton Nascimento, Gilberto Gil, Caetano Veloso, Ivan Lins, Djavan, João Bosco, Aderbal Duarte, and others. Download high resolution version (480x640, 88 KB)Gilberto Gil, Minister of Culture, Brazil Source: Antonio Cruz/ABr. ... Download high resolution version (480x640, 88 KB)Gilberto Gil, Minister of Culture, Brazil Source: Antonio Cruz/ABr. ... Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira (born June 26, 1942) is a Grammy Award-winning Brazilian singer, guitarist and songwriter. ... Música Popular Brasileira, or MPB, literally Brazilian Popular Music, designates a trend in post-Bossa Nova urban popular music. ... Tropicalismo, otherwise known as Tropicália, is a form of Brazilian music that arose in the late 1960s from a melange of bossa nova, rock and roll, Bahia folk music, and perhaps Portuguese fado. ... MPB (Música Popular Brasileira) is a specific musical genre of Brazilian popular music that employs sophisticated lyrics, melodies, and harmonies in which the commercial aspect is subordinate to the performers artistic standards. ... Nara Loffego Leão (January 19, 1942 – June 7, 1989) was a Brazilian bossa nova singer and occasional actress. ... Gal Costa (born Maria da Graça Costa Penna Burgos September 26, 1945) in Salvador, Brazil, is a popular singer in Brazil. ... Maria Bethânia is a Brazilian singer. ... Rita Lee Jones, now Rita Lee Jones Carvalho, known simply as Rita Lee, (born on December 31, 1947) is a Brazilian rock singer and composer. ... Simone Bittencourt de Oliveira, known simply as Simone, is a brazilian singer (born December 25th, Salvador, Bahia) and one of the icons of the Brazilian Music. ... Elis Regina Carvalho Costa, known simply as Elis Regina (March 17, 1945 – January 19, 1982) was a singer of Brazilian popular music who achieved great success and recognition during her lifetime. ... Chico Buarque (full name: Francisco Buarque de Hollanda; born June 19, 1944 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian singer, composer, dramatist and writer. ... Milton Nascimento (born 26 October 1942) is a singer-songwriter who is considered one of the icons of Brazilian Music. ... Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira (born June 26, 1942) is a Grammy Award-winning Brazilian singer, guitarist and songwriter. ... Caetano Emanuel Viana Teles Veloso (born August 7, 1942), better known as Caetano Veloso, is a Grammy Award-winning composer, singer, guitarist, writer, and political activist. ... Ivan Guimarães Lins (b. ... Djavan, a Brazilian MPB singer/songwriter, was born 27 January 1949, in Alagoas, Brazil. ... João Bosco de Freitas Mucci, better known as João Bosco is a famous Brazilian MPB singer, guitarist, and composer. ...

Bossa nova

Main article: Bossa nova

Antonio Carlos Jobim and other 1950s composers helped develop a fusion of jazz harmonies and a smoother, often slower, samba beat called bossa nova, which developed at the beach neighborhoods of Ipanema and, later, the Copacabana nightclubs. The first bossa nova records by João Gilberto quickly became huge hits in Brazil. Bossa nova was introduced to the rest of the world by American jazz musicians in the early 1960s, and songs like "The Girl from Ipanema", which remains the biggest Brazilian international hit, eventually became jazz standards. For other uses, see Bossa nova (disambiguation). ... Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim (January 25, 1927 in Rio de Janeiro – December 8, 1994 in New York City), or Tom Jobim (as he is fondly known in his home country), was a Brazilian composer, arranger, singer, pianist/guitarist and one of the primary forces behind the creation... The 1950s decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Bossa nova (disambiguation). ... Ipanema Beach Ipanema is a neighborhood located on the southern zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, between Leblon and Arpoador. ... , Famous Portuguese pavement wave pattern at Copacabana beach. ... João Gilberto (born João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira on June 10, 1931 in the town of Juazeiro, Bahia) is a Brazilian musician and considered one of the co-creators, with Tom Jobim, of bossa nova. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969. ... The Girl from Ipanema (Garota de Ipanema) is a well known bossa nova song, and was a worldwide hit in the mid-1960s. ...

Música nordestina

Main article: Música nordestina

Música nordestina is a generic term for any popular music from the large region of Northeastern Brazil, including both coastal and inland areas. Rhythms are slow and plodding, and are derived from accordions and guitars instead of percussion instruments like in the rest of Brazil - In this region, African rhythms and Portuguese melodies combined to form maracatu and dance music called baião has become popular. Most influentially, however, the area around the state of Pernambuco, the home of forró. For other uses, see Accordion (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... Percussion redirects here. ... Maracatú is a term common to two distinct performance genres found in Pernambuco state in northeastern Brazil: maracatú nação and maracatú rural. ... The baião is a Northeast Brazilian rhythmic formula that became the basis of a wide range of music. ... Capital (and largest city) Recife Demonym Pernambucano Government  -  Governor Eduardo Campos  -  Vice Governor João Lyra Neto Area  -  Total 98. ... Statues of Forró musicians Forró is a kind of popular Northeastern Brazilian dance, as well as a type of music which accompanies the dance. ...

Música gaúcha

Música gaúcha is a general term used for the music originally from Rio Grande do Sul state, in Southern Brazil. It is somewhat of a mixture between Argentinian-Uruguayan styles with Portuguese melodies and aboriginal rhythms. The most famous musicians of this genre are Renato Borghetti, Yamandú Costa, Jayme Caetano Braun and Luiz Marenco. Flag of Rio Grande do Sul See other Brazilian States Capital Porto Alegre Largest City Porto Alegre Area 282,062 km² Population   - Total   - Density 10. ... The southern region of Brazil (Sul in portuguese) is characterized by its high standard of living, the highest in the country, as of 2004, the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul had an average of ~0. ... Renato Borghetti (Photo: Wilson Dias/ABr, Brasília, 2006) Renato Borghetti (born July 23, 1963) is a Brazilian folk musician and composer of Italian descent. ...

Repentismo

Northeastern Brazil is known for a distinctive form of literature called literatura de cordel, which are a type of ballads that include elements incorporated into music as repentismo, an improvised lyrical contest on themes suggested by the audience. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Ballad (disambiguation). ...

Frevo

Main article: Frevo

Frevo is a style of music from Olinda and Recife. Frevo bands began playing during the Carnival, the most popular event of Brazil. Frevo describes is a wide range of musical styles originating from Recife, Brazil, all of which are traditionally associated with Carnaval. ... Frevo describes is a wide range of musical styles originating from Recife, Brazil, all of which are traditionally associated with Carnaval. ... Igreja da Sé Ruas de Olinda Olinda (means oh beautiful) is a city in Pernambuco, Brazil, next to Recife and Paulista. ... Nickname: Motto: lucea omnibus Latin: That it may shine on all (Matthew 5:15) Location of Recife Country Brazil Region State Pernambuco Founded March 12, 1537 Incorporated (as village) 1709 Incorporated (as city) 1823 Government  - Mayor João Paulo Lima e Silva (PT) Area  - City 218 km² (84. ...

Forró

Main article: Forró

Forró is played by a trio consisting of a drum and a triangle and led by an accordion. Forró is rapid and eminently danceable, and became one of the foundations for lambada in the 1980s. Luiz Gonzaga was the preeminent early forró musician who popularized the genre in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo in the 1940s with songs like "Asa Branca". Statues of Forró musicians Forró is a kind of popular Northeastern Brazilian dance, as well as a type of music which accompanies the dance. ... For other uses, see Drum (disambiguation). ... The triangle is an idiophonic musical instrument of the percussion family. ... For other uses, see Accordion (disambiguation). ... Lambada ( ) is a dance which became internationally popular in the 1980s. ... The 1980s was the decade spanning from 1980 to 1989, also called The Eighties. The decade saw social, economic and general upheaval as wealth, production and western culture migrated to new industrializing economies. ... Luiz Gonzaga was born in the countryside of Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil) and was personally responsible for the promotion of northeastern music on the rest of the country. ... The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949. ...

Funk Carioca and Rap

Main article: Funk Carioca

Funk Carioca is a type of dance music from Rio de Janeiro, derived from and superficially similar to Miami Bass. In Rio it is most often simply known as Funk, although it is very different musically from what Funk means in most other places and contexts. It's usually seen as party music and high and medium class people are usually reluctant to admit they listen to it, since music from this genre usually contains sexually explicit lyrics and is attributed to poor people derived from the Favela. Funk Carioca, like other types of hip-hop lifts heavily from samples such as international rips or from previous funk music. Many popular funk songs sampled music from the movie Rocky. ^[5] Funk Carioca means Funk from Rio in Brazilian Portuguese, and is also known as Brazilian Funk (which also relates to a 1970s musical style), Favela Funk and, elsewhere in the world, Baile Funk (the name of the party in which it is played) and also Baile Funk Carioca. ... Miami bass (also known as booty music, a term that may also include other genres, such as dirty rap), is a type of hip hop music that became popular in the 1980s and 1990s. ... For other uses, including related musical genres, see Funk (disambiguation). ... A Rio de Janeiro favela Favela is a term commonly used in Brazil to describe squatter areas such as shanty towns and slums. ... For other uses, see Rocky (disambiguation). ...

Funk as well as rap was introduced to Brazil in a systematic way in the 1980s. These types of music were heavily supported in big cities by people - usually teenagers - of lower socioeconomic status. Many funk artists have openly associated themselves with black movements and often in the lyrics of their songs, comment on race relations and openly express black pride. ^[6]

In São Paulo and other places in the south of Brazil, in more urban areas, rap is more prevalent than funk. The lower class, mostly nonwhite rappers are referred to as "Rapeiros". They dress similarly to American rappers that they have seen on television. ^[7] Early Brazilian rap was based upon rhyming speeches delivered over dance bases sampled from funk albums, with occasional scratches. São Paulo has gained a strong, underground Brazilian rap scene since it's emergence in the late 1980s with many independent labels forming for young rappers to establish themselves on. ^[8] This article is about the city. ...

In the 1990s in Rio de Janeiro, funk as well as rap were reported by the press to have been adopted by the drug lords of the city as a way to market their drugs at dance hall events. Some crime groups were known to subsidize funk parties to recruit young kids into the drug dealing business. These events were often called baile funk (which can mean a funk dance party) and were sometimes notorious for their blatant sexuality and violence. However, while some funk and rap music was used to send messages out about slums and drugs, others were used mostly to deliver socio-political messages about local, regional, or national issues they are affected by. In fact, some groups adhered to what they called rap consciência (socially conscious rap) and opposed hip-hop which some considered too alienated and consumerist. Despite these differences, both types of music continue to thrive in Brazil today. ^{[9] [10]} This article is about the Brazilian city. ...

The intrusion of alien elements in Brazil’s cultural system is not destructive process. The return of a democratic government allowed for freedom of expression. The Brazilian music industry opened up to international styles and this has allowed for both foreign and local genres to co-exist and identify people. Each different style relates to the people socially, politically, and economically. ^[11] “Brazil is a regionally divided country with a rich cultural and musical diversity among states. As such, musicians in the country choose to define their local heritage differently depending on where they come from.” ^[12] This shows how globalization has not robbed Brazil of it’s identity but instead given it the ability to represent it’s people both in Brazil and the rest of the world.

Brazilian Rock

Main article: Brazilian rock

The Brazilian rock n' roll exists since the "first rock song", "Rock Around the Clock", was covered (and also recorded in Portuguese), in 1954. The 1960s, young singers like Roberto Carlos and his Jovem Guarda were very popular and in this period is born the seminal "tropicalistas" Os Mutantes more pop-influenced and tended for psychedelic rock'n'roll and one experimental band (progressive, jazz and MPB), O Som Imaginário. In the 1970s, there were many Progressive Rock bands in Brazil, such as O Terço, A Bolha (hard rock with progressive mix), A Barca do Sol, Som Nosso de Cada Dia, Vímana and Bacamarte, which were very well-known in the Europe and the US by progressive fans, and Rita Lee (Mutantes) started her own work as a Brazilian-glam-rock aesthetic; also Casa das Máquinas with its glam-hard-rock and Patrulha do Espaço with its hard-art-rock. Other bands of that period mixed the genre with traditional Brazilian music (Raul Seixas, Secos e Molhados, Novos Baianos and A Cor do Som). The Brazilian punk-rock scene started in the middle 70's in São Paulo and in Brasília with Joelho de Porco (protopunk, 72-77), AI-5, Lixomania, Restos do Nada, Aborto Elétrico and the "boom" was when the 80's started, with fuck, Cólera, Ratos do Porão, Garotos Podres, Plebe Rude, Ignoze etc... But the real commercial "boom" of Brazilian rock was in the 1980s, with many bands and artists like Barão Vermelho, Legião Urbana, Engenheiros do Hawaii, Ira!, Titãs, Lulu Santos, Kid Abelha, Paralamas do Sucesso, Capital Inicial, Nenhum de Nós, Blitz, Lobão e Os Ronaldos, Gang 90 and festivals like Rock in Rio and Hollywood Rock. In the 80's started another group that mixes up electronic music scene (from Santos, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro cities - post-punk, industrial, EBM, technopop, and the similar genres) and some bands and artists are well-known in Europe: Suba, Loop B, Sicilian Unit, Individual Industry, Biopsy, Simbolo, Harry, City Limits, Inhumanoids, Morgue, etc... . From the 90s names like Mamonas Assassinas, Chico Science & Nação Zumbi ,Raimundos, Skank, Virna Lisi, Planet Hemp, Pato Fú, Garage Fuzz and Killing Chainsaw are proeminent. Currently (2008), the groups Fresno, CPM22, Strike, Hateen, Forfun and NX Zero are very popular with their melodic pop-rock. See also the present bands Los Hermanos, Pitty, Charlie Brown Junior, Lampirônicos, Vanguart, Clorofones, Mombojó, Autoramas, CSS, Cordel do Fogo Encantado, Ludovic, Macaco Bong, Hurtmold, Los Porongas, Moptop, Zeferina Bomba... Good bands are discovered today in several festivals from all ever the Brazilian territory; the rock is mixed with the all the genres of Brazilian music and the indie scene is continuing the experimental and creative characteristic of Brazil's rock-fusion. Brazilian rock refers to rock music produced in Brazil and usually sung in Brazilian Portuguese. ... Rock and roll (also spelled rock n roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... Rock Around the Clock is a rock n roll song from 1952, written by Max C. Freedman and James E. Myers (the latter under the pseudonym Jimmy De Knight). Although first recorded by Sonny Dae & the Knights, the more famous version by Bill Haley & His Comets is not, strictly speaking... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar). ... Roberto Carlos in the early 70s. ... Jovem Guarda was a Brazilian television program shown by the Rede Record from 1965. ... Os Mutantes (pronounced , Portuguese for The Mutants) are an influential Brazilian psychedelic rock band that were linked with the Tropicalia movement of the late 1960s. ... For the Swedish political music movement, see progg. ... One of the first progressive bands from Brazil, O Terço (meaning rosary beads) first formed in 1968, but didnt hit its stride until the mid 70s. ... Bacamarte is a Brazilian septet of Progressive Rock formed by Mario Neto (guitar/vocals), Sergio Villarim (keyboards), Delto Simas (bass), Marco Verrissimo (drums), Marcus Moura (flute/accordion), Mr. ... Rita Lee Jones, now Rita Lee Jones Carvalho, known simply as Rita Lee, (born on December 31, 1947) is a Brazilian rock singer and composer. ... Raul Seixas (June 28, 1945 – August 21, 1989), was a Brazilian composer, singer, and songwriter. ... Secos & Molhados was an innovative glam-rock Brazilian band of the early 70s that helped launch singer Ney Matogrossos career. ... Novos Baianos was a Brazilian rock and MPB group from Bahia that was formed in the 60s and enjoyed success through out most of the 70s. ... Aborto Elétrico (Electric Abortion) was a brazilian punk rock band. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Cólera is a Brazilian Punk rock band formed in October 1979, in São Paulo with Redson (bass guitar and vocals), Helinho (Electric guitar and back vocal) and Pierre (drums and back vocal). ... Plebe Rude is one of the most influential Brazilian rock bands of all time. ... Barão Vermelho is a Brazilian 80s rock band lead by Roberto Frejat, who now has also a solo career. ... Legião Urbana — Urban Legion in Portuguese — is one of the most successful rock bands in Brazils history. ... Engenheiros do Hawaii (EngHaw for short) is a Brazilian rock band formed in Porto Alegre in 1985 that achieved great popularity with their ironic and critic songs. ... Ira! (Portuguese for ire, even though the name was actually inspired by the Irish Republican Army) is a Brazilian rock band that began activities in São Paulo in the early 1980s. ... For the Titãs self-titled debut album, see Titãs (album). ... Lulu Santos, stage name of Luiz Maurício Pragana dos Santos (Rio de Janeiro, May 4, 1953) is a Brazilian singer and guitarist, considered one of the great names of Brazilian rock. ... Kid Abelha is a pop/rock band from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, formed by Paula Toller (lead vocals), George Israel (sax, guitar and vocals) and Bruno Fortunato (acoustic and electric guitar). ... Paralamas do Sucesso is a Brazilian rock band, formed in Rio de Janeiro in the late 1970s and still active as of 2006. ... Capital Inicial is a Brazilian rock band that flourished in the 1980s saw a later resurgence. ... Nenhum de Nós is a popular brazilian rock band that started in the 80s and continues to this day. ... Look up Blitz in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Queen at Rock in Rio (1985) Rock in Rio is a series of rock festivals held in Brazil and later in Portugal. ... The Hollywood Rock logo. ... Suba may refer to: Suba people of Kenya Suba people of Tanzania Suba, that refers to particular province within Pakistan Suba (musician), a Brazilian musician Category: ... Brain biopsy A biopsy (in Greek: bios = life and opsy = look/appearance) is a medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination. ... Look up Harry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... City limits refers to the defined limits of a citys area. ... Inhumanoids was an animated series based on a Hasbro toy property in 1986. ... Mortuary, a film directed by Tobe Hooper, see Mortuary (film). ... Mamonas Assassinas was a fastidious Brazilian folk/Calypso band and general part of Elvis culture. ... Chico Science & Nação Zumbi (CSNZ) was the former name of the Brazillian world music band leaded by Chico Science prior to his death, in February 1997. ... Raimundos is a brazilian hardcore/punk band with influences of forró, formed in Brasilia, in 1987. ... For other uses, see Skank (disambiguation). ... Virna Lisi Italian Virni Lisi (born in 1937 as Virna Lisa Pieralisi) began her film career as a teenager in 1953. ... Fresno, a Spanish word for ash tree (from Latin fraxinus) is a common placename in Spanish speaking areas. ... CPM 22 is a Brazilian hardcore band from São Paulo formed in 1995. ... Los Hermanos is an indie rock band from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ... Priscilla Novaes Leone (born October 7, 1977), better known as Pitty, is a Brazilian alternative rock singer. ... Created in 2001, Mombojó is a Brazilian rock/pop band from Recife, Pernambuco. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Cordel do Fogo Encantado is a Brazilian band that began in the small city of Arcoverde in the interior of the state of Pernambuco. ... The moptop hairstyle is defined by a shaggy bowlcut (straight cut with a straight fringe), usually hanging over the ears. ...

Rock music in Brazil is generally associated with the middle class but are exceptions: singers like Raul Seixas and Legião Urbana are part of the most popular singers at the country. Raul Seixas (June 28, 1945 – August 21, 1989), was a Brazilian composer, singer, and songwriter. ... Legião Urbana — Urban Legion in Portuguese — is one of the most successful rock bands in Brazils history. ...

Brazilian Metal

The most famous Brazilian metal bands are Sepultura, Angra, Krisiun, Dr. Sin, Shaaman and Aquaria. Sepultura is considered an influential thrash metal band, influencing the development of death metal. Other famous bands include Torture Squad, Eyes of Shiva, Tuatha de Danann, Andralls, Claustrofobia, Korzus, Sarcófago, Dorsal Atântica, Cobalto, etc. Heavy metals, in chemistry, are chemical elements of a particular range of atomic weights. ... Sepultura is a Brazilian thrash metal band, formed in 1984. ... This article is about the heavy metal band Angra. ... Krisiun is a Technical Brutal Death metal band from Brazil, formed in 1990 in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. ... Dr. Sin logo Dr. Sin, is a hard rock/heavy metal band, formed in São Paulo, Brazil in the year 1993 by Eduardo Ardanuy and the Busic brothers, Andria and Ivan (sons of jazz trumpet player, André Busic). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... // Aquaria is a symphonic power metal band from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ... Torture Squad is a Brazilian thrash/death metal band. ... Tuatha de Danann is a folk metal/death metal band from Brazil known for the merryful celtic dance rhythms, flute melodies, Celtic mythology-inspired lyrics and the original jesting tones such as gnome-choirs, etc. ... // Korzus is one of the oldest bands of the brazilian thrash metal, side to side with Sepultura. ... Sarcófago are a Deathrash band from Brazil. ...

Sertanejo

Main article: Sertanejo

Música sertaneja or Sertenejo is a term for Brazilian country music. It originally referred to music from originating among Sertão and musica caipira(Caípira music appeared in the state of São Paulo and the regions of Minas Gerais, Paraná and Goiás. Musical rhythm very spread out in the Southeastern and south region of Brazil), but has since gained more influences from outside Brazil. In particular American country music, Mexican mariachi, and the Music of Paraguay. For several years it was a category at the Latin Grammy Awards. Música sertaneja or Sertenejo is a term for Brazilian country music. ... Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. ... In Brazil, the sertão (meaning backland in Portuguese) refers to the semi-arid region comprising parts of the states of Bahia, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará and Piauí. The plural of sertão is sertões. ... Caipira is a Brazilian Portuguese term used to designate inhabitants of rural, remote areas in some brazilian states, particularly São Paulo, Minas Gerais and the western brazilian states. ... This article is about the Mexican musical genre and ensemble. ... In contrast to most of its neighbours, the national music of Paraguay is overwhelmingly European in character. ... The Latin Grammy Awards were launched in 2000 with a telecast aired on CBS. It was the first primarily Spanish language prime-time program carried on an English-language television network. ...

Afro Brazilian music

Samba

Main article: Samba

By the beginning of the 20th century, samba had begun to evolve out of choro in Rio de Janeiro's neighborhood, inhabited mostly by poor blacks descended from slaves. Samba's popularity has grown through the 20th century, especially internationally, as awareness of samba de enredo (a type of samba played during Carnival) has grown. Other types of samba include: This article is about the music Samba. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... This article is about the music Samba. ... For other uses, see Carnival (disambiguation). ...

• Samba de breque - reggaeish and choppy
• Samba-canção - typical variety of nightclubs.
• Samba pagode - modern popular variety.

Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. ... Samba-canção is a kind of slow samba music from Brazil. ...

Capoeira music

Main article: Capoeira music

three berimbau players

The Afro-Brazilian sport of capoeira is never played without its own music, which is usually considered to be a call-and-response type of folk music. The main instruments of capoeira music include the berimbau, the atabaque and the pandeiro. Capoeira songs may be improvised on the spot, or they may be popular songs written by older mestres (teachers), and often include accounts of the history of capoeira, or the doings of great mestres. A capoeira bateria led by Mestre Cobra Mansa featuring three berimbaus and a pandeiro In capoeira, music sets the rhythm, the style of play, and the energy of a game. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Afro-Brazilian is the term used to racially categorise Brazilian citizens who are black or mainly-black, yet it is rarely used in Brazil. ... Capoeira (IPA: ,Tupi-Guarani word for - clear area) is a Brazilian blend of martial art, game, and dance originated in Brazil during the 16th century Capoeira was created and developed by native Indians in Brazil and the slaves brought from Africa. ... Three Berimbaus The berimbau is a single-string percussion instrument, a musical bow, from Brazil. ... The atabaque (Pronounced: Ah-tah-bah-keh) is a tall, wooden, Afro-Brazilian hand drum. ... The pandeiro (pronounced: IPA: ), is a type of hand frame drum. ... In capoeira, music sets the rhythm, the style of play, and the energy of a game. ...

Maracatu

Main article: Maracatu

This type of music is played primarily in the Recife and Olinda regions during Carnaval. It is an Afro-Brazilian tradition. The music serves as the backdrop for parade groups that evolved out of ceremonies conducted during colonial times in honour of the Kings of Congo, who were African slaves occupying symbolic leadership positions among the slave population. The music is played on large alfaia drums, large metal gonguê bells, snare drums and shakers. Maracatú is a term common to two distinct performance genres found in Pernambuco state in northeastern Brazil: maracatú nação and maracatú rural. ... Nickname: Motto: lucea omnibus Latin: That it may shine on all (Matthew 5:15) Location of Recife Country Brazil Region State Pernambuco Founded March 12, 1537 Incorporated (as village) 1709 Incorporated (as city) 1823 Government  - Mayor João Paulo Lima e Silva (PT) Area  - City 218 km² (84. ... Igreja da Sé Ruas de Olinda Olinda (means oh beautiful) is a city in Pernambuco, Brazil, next to Recife and Paulista. ... Afro-Brazilian is the term used to racially categorise Brazilian citizens who are black or mainly-black, yet it is rarely used in Brazil. ...

Afoxé

Main article: Afoxé

Afoxê is a kind of religious music, part of the Candomblé tradition. In 1949, a group called Filhos de Gandhi began playing afoxé during Carnaval parades in Salvador; their name translates as Sons of Gandhi, associating black Brazilian activism with Mahatma Gandhi's Indian independence movement. The Filhos de Gandhi's 1949 appearance was also revolutionary because, up until then, the Carnaval parades in Salvador were meant only for light-skinned people. Afoxé is a Afro Brazilian instrument composed of a gourd (cabaça) wrapped in a net in which beads or small plastic balls are threaded. ... Religious music (also sacred music) is music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence. ... Ilê Axé Iya Nassô Oká - Terreiro da Casa Branca Candomblé is an African-inspired or Afro-Brazilian religion or cult, practiced chiefly in Brazil. ... Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... “Gandhi” redirects here. ...

Samba-reggae

Main article: Samba-reggae

The band Olodum, from Pelourinho, are generally credited with the mid-1980s invention of samba-reggae, a fusion of Jamaican reggae with samba. Olodum retained the politically-charged lyrics of bands like Ilê Aiyê. Samba reggae is kind of music from Brazil. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... PELOURINHO is the Portuguese word for pillory. ... The 1980s was the decade spanning from 1980 to 1989, also called The Eighties. The decade saw social, economic and general upheaval as wealth, production and western culture migrated to new industrializing economies. ... Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. ...

Music of Salvador: Late 60s to mid-70s

In the latter part of the 1960s, a group of black Bahians began dressing as Native Americans during the Salvadoran Carnaval, identifying with their shared struggles through history. These groups included Comanches do Pelô and Apaches de Tororó and were known for a forceful and powerful style of percussion, and frequent violent encounters with the police. Starting in 1974, a group of black Bahians called Ilê Aiyê became prominent, identifying with the Yoruba people and Igbo people of West Africa. Along with a policy of loosening restrictions by the Brazilian government, Ilê Aiyê's sound and message spread to groups like Grupo Cultural do Olodum, who established community centers and other philanthropic efforts. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969. ... For other uses, see Native Americans (disambiguation). ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... The Afro-Brazilian group Ilê Aiyê was founded on 1974 by Antônio Carlos “Vovô” and Apolônio de Jesus in the neighborhood of Liberdade, the largest black population area of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. ... The Yoruba (Yorùbá in Yoruba orthography) are a large ethno-linguistic group or ethnic nation in Africa; the majority of them speak the Yoruba language (èdèe Yorùbá; èdè = language). ... -1...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ...

Other Afro-Brazilian music genres

Afro-Brazilian music also include: Afro-Brazilian is the term used to racially categorise Brazilian citizens who are black or mainly-black, yet it is rarely used in Brazil. ...

• Mangue Beat
• Lundu
• Axé music
• Pagode
• Brazilian funk
• Afoxê
• Carimbo
• Maxixe
• Baião
• Lambada

Notes

1. ^ A nação das cantoras
2. ^ Childhood Secrets *
3. ^ Ernesto Nazareth - Rei do Choro
4. ^ Polkas and Tangos
5. ^ Funk Carioca
6. ^ Behague, Gerard. "Rap, Reggae, Rock, or Samba: The Local and the Global in Brazilian Popular Music (1985-95)." Latin American Music Review 27, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2006): 79-90.
7. ^ Sansone, Livio. "The Localization of Global Funk in Bahia and Rio." In Brazilian Popular Music & Globalization, 135-60. London: Routledge, 2002.
8. ^ AllBrazilianMusic: the music from Brazil
9. ^ Behague, Gerard. "Rap, Reggae, Rock, or Samba: The Local and the Global in Brazilian Popular Music (1985-95)." Latin American Music Review 27, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2006): 79-90.
10. ^ Funk Carioca
11. ^ Behague, Gerard. “Rap, Reggae, Rock, or Samba: The local and the Global in Brazilian popular music (1985-1995)”. Latin American Music Review 27, no. 1 (Spring/Summer 2006): 79-90.
12. ^ Phillip Galinsky. Maracatu Atomico: Tradition, Modernity and Postmodernity in the Mangue. Published 2002, ISBN 0415940222.

External weblinks

• Brazilian Beats Fansite for Brazilian Beats Series of classic and modern Brazilian music
• [2] direct link to one of the most interesting Brazilian Popular Music Show on 94.1Fm KPFA
• RadioFavela - The Sound of Rio (direct link to category 'consumable'), a podcast series with the subtitle 'Not assumable becomes consumable ... becomes subsumable'. In the category of 'consumable' you can find stories on all types of music and movies with examples from Rio.