NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Music of Hungary

Hungary has made many contributions to the fields of folk, popular and classical music. Hungarian folk music is a prominent part of the national identity and continues to play a major part in Hungarian music. Hungarian folk music has been influential in neighboring areas such as Romania, Slovakia, southern Poland and especially in southern Slovakia and the Romanian region of Transylvania, both home to significant numbers of Hungarians ^[1]. It is also strong in the Szabolcs-Szatmár area and in the southwest part of Transdanubia, near the border with Croatia. The Busójárás carnival in Mohács is a major Hungarian folk music event, formerly featuring the long-established and well-regarded Bogyiszló orchestra.^[2] Verbunkos (Hungarian s is pronounced as English sh) (other spellings are Verbounko, Verbunko, Verbunkas, Werbunkos, Werbunkosch, Verbunkoche) is an 18th-century Hungarian dance and music genre. ... TÃ¡nchÃ¡z is an aspect of the Hungarian roots revival of traditional culture which began in the early 1970s, and remains an active part of the national culture across the country, especially in cities like Budapest. ... Czardas or CsÃ¡rdÃ¡s (Hungarian csÃ¡rdÃ¡s, from csÃ¡rda, a tavern, beer house) is a traditional Hungarian folk dance. ... NÃ³ta is a form of 19th century Hungarian popular song. ... // Middle Ages Little is known about Hungarian music prior to the 11th century, when the first Kings of Hungary were Christianized and Gregorian chant was introduced. ... Hungarian folk music includes a broad array of styles, including the recruitment dance verbunkos, the csardas and nota. ... Popular Hungarian hip hop performers include a gangsta rap pioneer, Ganxsta Zolee. ... The origins of Hungarian opera can be traced to the late 18th century, with the rise of imported opera and other concert styles in cities like Pozsony, Kismarton, Nagyszeben and Budapest. ... Hungarian rock has been a part of the popular music of Hungary since the early 1960s. ... Mahasz is the Hungarian music industry association, founded in 1992. ... The Hungarian Music Awards have been given to artists in the field of Hungarian music since 1992. ... A music festival is a festival oriented towards music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as musical genre, nationality or locality of musicians, or holiday. ... History: (Timeline and Samples) Genres Classical - Folk - Hardcore - Hip hop - Opera - Operett - Pop - Reggea - Rock - Wedding pop - Wedding rock Organisations Mahasz Awards Golden Giraffe Charts MAHASZ TOP 40 album, MAHASZ Kislemez TOP 10, Dance TOP 40 Festivals Sziget, Mayday, TÃ¡nchÃ¡ztalÃ¡lkozÃ³, Miskolc Opera Festival Media Radio PetÅ‘fi... Mayday, like Love Parade, is one of the oldest and most reputed electronic music festivals, having its debut on 1991. ... TÃ¡nchÃ¡ztalÃ¡lkozÃ³ is an annual folk dance and tanchaz celebration held in Budapest, Hungary. ... The Miskolc Opera Festival or International Opera Festival of Miskolc (Miskolci Nemzetközi Operafesztivál) is a cultural event held every summer in Miskolc, the capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary. ... // Magyar RÃ¡diÃ³ (Hungarian Radio) company, headquartered at Budapest with several offices in the countryside, runs the state-sponsored radio stations of the Hungarian Republic. ... Hungaroton was the one and only record and music publisher company in Hungary for about 40 years. ... For the bus system in York Region, Ontario, Canada, please see Viva (bus rapid transit). ... Hungarian Radio Stations List in alphabetical order: Csaba RÃ¡diÃ³ Danubius Gong Juventus Klub RÃ¡diÃ³ RÃ¡diÃ³ 1 RÃ¡diÃ³ Deejay 92,2 Roxy RÃ¡diÃ³ 96,4 SlÃ¡ger Torony RÃ¡diÃ³ ... Hungarian Radio Stations List in alphabetical order: Csaba RÃ¡diÃ³ Danubius Gong Juventus Klub RÃ¡diÃ³ RÃ¡diÃ³ 1 RÃ¡diÃ³ Deejay 92,2 Roxy RÃ¡diÃ³ 96,4 SlÃ¡ger Torony RÃ¡diÃ³ ... Tilos Radio is a community, non-profit radio station in Budapest, Hungary. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Original Sheet Music Himnusz â€” the song beginning with the words Isten, Ã¡ldd meg a magyart (God, bless the Hungarians) â€” is the official national anthem of Hungary. ... History: (Timeline and Samples) Genres Classical - Folk - Hardcore - Hip hop - Opera - Operett - Pop - Reggae - Rock - Wedding pop - Wedding rock Organisations Mahasz Awards Golden Giraffe Charts MAHASZ TOP 40 album, MAHASZ Kislemez TOP 10, Dance TOP 40 Festivals Sziget, Mayday, TÃ¡nchÃ¡ztalÃ¡lkozÃ³, Miskolc Opera Festival Media Radio PetÅ‘fi... Vojvodina is a region in Serbia and Montenegro. ... // Carpathian Ruthenia, aka Transcarpathian Ruthenia, Subcarpathian Rus, Subcarpathia (Ukrainian: Karpatsâ€™ka Rusâ€™; Slovak and Czech: PodkarpatskÃ¡ Rus; Hungarian: KÃ¡rpÃ¡talja; Romanian: Transcarpatia) is a small region of Central Europe, now mostly in western Ukraines Zakarpattia Oblast (Ukrainian: Zakarpatsâ€™ka oblastâ€™) and easternmost Slovakia (largely in PreÅ¡ov kraj... Folk music can have a number of different meanings, including: Traditional music: The original meaning of the term folk music was synonymous with the term Traditional music, also often including World Music and Roots music; the term Traditional music was given its more specific meaning to distinguish it from the... Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more of the mass media. ... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or ; Hungarian: ; German: ; Bulgarian: ; Serbian: / or / ) is a historical region in central and western Romania. ... Szabolcs-SzatmÃ¡r-Bereg is the name of an administrative county (comitatus or megye) in north-eastern Hungary, on the border with Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania. ... This article is about Transdanubia, the region in Hungary. ... Some masked BusÃ³s in MohÃ¡cs town square, February 2006 The BusÃ³jÃ¡rÃ¡s is an annual Carnival celebration of the Å okci (Croatians) living in the town of MohÃ¡cs, in Hungary in February. ... MohÃ¡cs is a town in Hungary on the right bank of the Danube, 115 miles south of Budapest. ... The BogyiszlÃ³ Orchestra is a Hungarian folk orchestra that plays dance music, and was associated with the BusÃ³jÃ¡rÃ¡s Carnival in MohÃ¡cs. ...

Hungarian classical music has long been an "experiment, made from Hungarian antedecents and on Hungarian soil, to create a conscious musical culture [using the] musical world of the folk song" ^[3]. Although the Hungarian upper class has long had cultural and political connections with the rest of Europe, leading to an influx of European musical ideas, the rural peasants maintained their own traditions such that by the end of the 19th century Hungarian composers could draw on rural peasant music to (re)create a Hungarian classical style.^[4] For example, Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály, two of Hungary's most famous composers, are known for using folk themes in their music. Bartók collected folk songs from across Eastern Europe, including Romania and Slovakia, whilst Kodály was more interested in creating a distinctively Hungarian musical style. Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... BÃ©la BartÃ³k in 1927 BÃ©la Viktor JÃ¡nos BartÃ³k (March 25, 1881 â€“ September 26, 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist and collector of Eastern European and Middle Eastern folk music. ... ZoltÃ¡n KodÃ¡ly (IPA: ) (December 16, 1882 â€“ March 6, 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, educator, linguist and philosopher. ...

During the era of Communist rule in Hungary (1944-1989) a Song Committee scoured and censored popular music for traces of subversion and ideological impurity. Since then, however, the Hungarian music industry has begun to recover, producing successful performers in the fields of jazz such as trumpeter Rudolf Tomsits, pianist-composer Károly Binder and, in a modernized form of Hungarian folk, Ferenc Sebő and Márta Sebestyén. The three giants of Hungarian rock, Illés, Metró and Omega, remain very popular, especially Omega, which has followings in Germany and beyond as well as in Hungary. Older veteran underground bands such as Beatrice from the 1980s also remain popular. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Rudolf Tomsits is a Hungarian jazz musician who plays the trumpet and the flugelhorn. ... KÃ¡roly Binder is a great Hungarian jazz pianist and composer. ... Ferenc SebÅ‘ (b. ... MÃ¡rta SebestyÃ©n (born August 19, 1957, Budapest) is a Hungarian Folk vocalist. ... Rock is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars, and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles, however saxophones have been omitted from newer subgenres of rock music since the 90s. ... IllÃ©s was a Hungarian rock band, and was one of the biggest groups of the early 1970s rock boom in Hungary. ... MetrÃ³ was a very famous Hungarian rock band in the 1960s and early 1970s. ... Omega is one of the most successful Hungarian rock bands. ... Beatrice (pronounced bee-a-tris or in Italian bay-a-tree-chay) is a name derived from the Latin name Beatrix. ...

Characteristics

Unlike other Eastern European peoples, the Hungarian people, Magyars, emerged from the intermingling of Finno-Ugric and Eastern Turkish peoples during the fifth to eighth centuries CE.^[4] This makes the origins of their traditional music unique in Europe. According to author Simon Broughton, the composer and song collector Kodály identified songs that "apparently date back 2,500 years" in common with the Mari people of Russia;^[2] and, as well as the Mari, the ethnomusicologist Bruno Nettl indicates similarities in traditional Hungarian music with Mongolian and Native American musical styles.^[5] Bence Szabolcsi, however, claims that the Finno-Ugric and Turkish-Mongolian elements are present but "cannot be attached to certain, definite national or linguistic groups". Nonetheless, Szabolcsi claims links between Hungarian musical traditions and those of the Mari, Kalmyk, Ostyak, northwest Chinese, Tatar, Vogul, Anatolian Turkish, Bashkirian, Mongol and Chuvash musics. These, he claims, are evidence that "Asian memories slumber in the depths of Hungarian folk music and that this folk music is the last Western link in the chant of ancient Eastern cultural relations".^[4] Download high resolution version (967x1363, 108 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (967x1363, 108 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Portrait by Henri Lehmann, 1839 Franz Liszt (Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc; pronounced , in English: list) (October 22, 1811 â€“ July 31, 1886) was a Hungarian [1] virtuoso pianist and composer of the Romantic period. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Geographical distribution of Finno-Ugric (Finno-Permic in blue, Ugric in green). ... Mari may refer to: Ethnic Mari El, a republic of Russian Federation Mari language, Finno-Ugric language Mari people, a Volga-Finnic people People Mari (composer), a video game music composer Mari (singer), a female vocalist Saint Mari, a Christian saint Other Mari (goddess), the main divinity of pre-Christian... A musicologist is someone who studies musicology. ... Bruno Nettl is a musicologist and ethnomusicologist. ... There are hundreds of tribes of Native Americans (called the First Nations in Canada), each with diverse musical practices, spread across the United States and Canada. ... Kalmykia is a national republic within the Russian Federation. ... Tatarstan is a part of Russia, inhabited by the Tatars. ... Mansi (obsolete: Voguls) are an endangered ethnic group living in Khantia-Mansia, an autonomous region within the Russian Federation, together with Khants. ... Genres: Alternative - Classical - Dance - Folk - Hip hop - Jazz - Military - Ottoman - Opera - Pop - Religious - Rock Awards Kral MV, MÃœ-YAP, MGD Charts Billboard Charts Music Festivals Istanbul International Music Festival, Istanbul International Jazz Festival, Izmir European Jazz Festival, Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival Media Rolling Stone (TÃ¼rkiye), MTV (T... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Mongolian musician Mongolia is a nation located in Asia, and its people form a distinct ethnic group composed of several smaller tribes and clans. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... The term Western world, the West or the Occident (Latin occidens -sunset, -west, as distinct from the Orient) [1] can have multiple meanings dependent on its context (e. ... The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various cultures, social structures and philosophical systems of the East, namely Asia (including China, India, Japan, and surrounding regions). ...

According to Broughton, traditional Hungarian music is "highly distinctive" like the "Hungarian language, which invariably is stressed on the first syllable, lending a strongly accented dactylic rhythm to the music".^[2] Nettl identifies two "essential features" of Hungarian folk music to be the use of "pentatonic scales composed of major seconds and minor thirds" (or "gapped scales"^[5]) and "the practice of transposing a bit of melody several times to create the essence of a song". These transpositions are "usually up or down a fifth", a fundamental interval in the series of overtones and an indication perhaps of the "influence of Chinese musical theory in which the fifth is significant".^[5] Hungarian (magyar nyelv ) is a Finno-Ugric language (more specifically an Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. ... A dactyl (Gr. ... Rhythm (Greek = flow, or in Modern Greek, style) is the variation of the length and accentuation of a series of sounds or other events. ... A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five pitches per octave. ... A major second is one of three commonly occuring musical intervals that span two diatonic scale degrees; the others being the minor second, which is one semitone smaller, and the augmented second, which is one semitone larger. ... A minor third is the smaller of two commonly occurring musical intervals compounded of two steps of the diatonic scale. ... In music, a scale is a set of musical notes that provides material for part or all of a musical work. ... In music transposition refers to the process of moving a collection of notes (pitches) up or down in pitch by a constant interval. ... Look up melody in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The perfect fifth or diapente is one of three musical intervals that span five diatonic scale degrees; the others being the diminished fifth, which is one semitone smaller, and the augmented fifth, which is one semitone larger. ... In music theory, the term interval describes the difference in pitch between two notes. ... Pitched musical instruments are usually based on a harmonic oscillator such as a string or a column of air. ... Music of China appears to date back to the dawn of Chinese civilization, and documents and artifacts provide evidence of a well-developed musical culture as early as the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC). ...

According to Szabolcsi, these 'Hungarian transpositions', along with "some melodic, rhythmical and ornamental peculiarities, clearly show on the map of Eurasia the movements of Turkish people from the East to the West".^[4] The subsequent influence on neighboring countries' music is seen in the music of Slovakia and, with intervals of the third or second, in the music of the Czech Republic. Hungarian and other Finno-Ugric musical traditions are also characterized by the use of an ABBA binary musical form, with Hungary itself especially known for the A A' A' A variant, where the B sections are the A sections transposed up or down a fifth (A').^[5] Modern Hungarian folk music evolved in the 19th century, and is contrasted with previous styles through the use of arched melodic lines as opposed to the more archaic descending lines.^[6] Eurasia Eurasia African-Eurasian aspect of Earth Eurasia is an immense landmass covering about 54,000,000 kmÂ² (or about 10. ... // Music has long occupied an important and distinguished place in Slovak cultural life. ... In music, see the following intervals: Major third Minor third The mediant, and the chord built on the mediant, is often called simply the third, as it is the third degree of the diatonic scale. ... Look up second in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Music in the Czech Republic has roots both in high culture opera and symphony and in the folk musics of Bohemia and Moravia. ... The term musical form refers to two related concepts: the type of composition (for example, a musical work can have the form of a symphony, a concerto, or other generic type -- see Multi-movement forms below) the structure of a particular piece (for example, a piece can be written in...

Music history

Main article: Music history of Hungary // Middle Ages Little is known about Hungarian music prior to the 11th century, when the first Kings of Hungary were Christianized and Gregorian chant was introduced. ...

The earliest documentation of Hungarian music dates from the introduction of Gregorian chant in the 11th century. By that time, Hungary had begun to enter the European cultural establishment with the country's conversion to Christianity and the musically important importation of plainsong, a form of Christian chant. Though Hungary's early religious musical history is relatively well documented, secular music remains mostly unknown, though it was apparently a common feature of community festivals and other events.^[7] The earliest documented instrumentation in Hungary dates back to the whistle in 1222, followed by the kobzos in 1326, the bugle in 1355, the fiddle in 1358, the bagpipe in 1402, the lute in 1427 and the trumpet in 1428. Thereafter the organ came to play a major role.^[4] Image File history File links Summary 15th century manuscript (no. ... Image File history File links Summary 15th century manuscript (no. ... Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ... Broadly speaking, plainsong is the name given to the body of traditional songs used in the liturgies of the Catholic Church. ... A whistle is a one-note woodwind instrument which produces sound from a stream of forced air. ... Military bugle in Bâ™ A French marine bugler at a ceremony in Kuwait City celebrating the success of Operation Desert Storm in 1991 Bugler redirects here. ... â€œFiddlerâ€ redirects here. ... A bagpipe performer in Amsterdam. ... A medieval era lute. ... The trumpet is the highest brass instrument in register, above the French horn, trombone, baritone, euphonium, and tuba. ...

The 16th century saw the rise of Transylvania (a north-eastern Hungarian region never occupied by the Turks) as a center for Hungarian music. It also saw the first publication of music in Hungary, in Kraków. At this time Hungarian instrumental music was well-known in Europe; the lutenist and composer Bálint Bakfark, for example, was famed as a virtuoso player. His compositions pioneered a new style of writing for the lute based on vocal polyphony. The lutenist Neusiedler brothers were also noted and authored an important early work in music theory, the Epithoma utriusque musices.^[4] Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or ; Hungarian: ; German: ; Bulgarian: ; Serbian: / or / ) is a historical region in central and western Romania. ... Motto: Ex navicula navis (From a boat, a ship) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Lesser Poland Powiat city county Gmina KrakÃ³w City Rights June 5th, 1257 Government - Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area - City 326. ... BÃ¡lint Bakfark (1507â€“August 15 or August 22, 1576) (His name is variously spelled as Bachfarrt, Backvart, Bekwark, and occasionally his first name is rendered as Valentin) was a Hungarian composer and lutenist of the Renaissance. ... A storks nest typical for the region The Neusiedler See (Hungarian: FertÅ‘ tÃ³) is the second largest steppe lake in Central Europe and is located at the border between Austria and Hungary. ...

During the 17th century, Hungary was divided into three parts: an area controlled by the Turks; an area controlled by the Habsburgs; and Transylvania. Historic songs declined in popularity and were replaced by lyrical poetry, whilst minstrels were replaced by court musicians. Many courts or households maintained large ensembles of musicians who played the trumpet, whistle, cimbalom, violin or bagpipes. Some of these ensemble musicians were German, Polish, French or Italian; the court of Gábor Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania, included a Spanish guitarist. Little detail about the music played during this era survives, however.^[4] Musical life in the areas controlled by the Ottoman Turks declined precipitously, with even the formerly widespread and entrenched plainsong style disappearing by the end of the 17th century. Outside of the Ottoman area, however, plainsong flourished after the established of Protestant missions in around 1540, while a similarly styled form of folk song called verse chronicles also arose.^[8] Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... It is also possible that you want to know about the Cymbal instrument. ... Gabriel Bethlen (de IktÃ¡r) (-English, German, Romanian; Hungarian: Bethlen GÃ¡bor, Slovak: Gabriel Betlen; 1580-1629) was a prince of Transylvania (1613-1629) and leader of an anti-Habsburg insurrection in the Habsburg Royal Hungary, on the territory of present-day Slovakia. ...

During the 18th century, some of the students at colleges such as those in Sárospatak and Székelyudvarhely were minor nobles from rural areas who brought with them their regional styles of music. Whilst the choirs in these colleges adopted a more polyphonic style, the students' songbooks indicate a growth in the popularity of homophonic songs. Their notation, however, was relatively crude and no extensive collection appeared until the publication of Ádám Pálóczi Horváth’s Ötödfélszáz Énekek in 1853. These songs indicate that during the mid to late 18th century the previous Hungarian song styles died out and musicians looked more to other (Western) European styles for influence. SÃ¡rospatak is a town in Borsod-AbaÃºj-ZemplÃ©n county, Northern Hungary. ... Odorheiu Secuiesc (Hungarian: SzÃ©kelyudvarhely, also known as Udvarhely; German: Oderhellen) is the second-largest city in the Harghita county (judeÅ£) in Transylvania, Romania. ... Nobility is a traditional hereditary status (see hereditary titles) that exists today in many countries (mainly present or former monarchies). ... 31 Songs (published in the United States as Songbook) is a 2003 collection of essays by English writer Nick Hornby about songs and (more often) the particular emotional resonance they carry for him. ...

The 18th century also saw the rise of verbunkos, a form of music initially used by army recruiters. Like much Hungarian music of the time, melody was treated as more important than lyrics, although this balance changed as verbunkos became more established.^[4] Verbunkos (Hungarian s is pronounced as English sh) (other spellings are Verbounko, Verbunko, Verbunkas, Werbunkos, Werbunkosch, Verbunkoche) is an 18th-century Hungarian dance and music genre. ...

Folk music

Main article: Hungarian folk music Hungarian folk music includes a broad array of styles, including the recruitment dance verbunkos, the csardas and nota. ...

Hungarian folk music changed greatly beginning in the 19th century, evolving into a new style that had little in common with the music that came before it. Modern Hungarian music was characterized by an "arched melodic line, strict composition, long phrases and extended register", in contrast to the older styles which always utilize a "descending melodic line".^[9]

Modern Hungarian folk music was first recorded in 1895 by Béla Vikár, setting the stage for the pioneering work of Béla Bartók, Zoltán Kodály and László Lajtha in musicological collecting. Modern Hungarian folk music began its history with the Habsburg Empire in the 18th century, when central European influences became paramount, including a "regular metric structure for dancing and marching instead of the free speech rhythms of the old style. Folk music at that time consisting of village bagpipers who were replaced by string-based orchestras of the Gypsy, or Roma people.^[2] BÃ©la BartÃ³k in 1927 BÃ©la Viktor JÃ¡nos BartÃ³k (March 25, 1881 â€“ September 26, 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist and collector of Eastern European and Middle Eastern folk music. ... ZoltÃ¡n KodÃ¡ly (IPA: ) (December 16, 1882 â€“ March 6, 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, educator, linguist and philosopher. ... LÃ¡szlÃ³ Lajtha (IPA: /ËˆlaËsloË ËˆlÉ’jtÉ’/) (in Hungarian Lajtha LÃ¡szlÃ³) (30 June 1892 â€“ 16 February 1963) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist and conductor. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... A bagpipe performer in Amsterdam. ... A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. ... Languages Romani, languages of native region Religions Christianity, Islam Related ethnic groups South Asians (Desi) The Roma (singular Rom; sometimes Rroma, Rrom) or Romanies are an ethnic group living in many communities all over the world. ...

In the 19th century, Roma orchestras became very well-known throughout Europe, and were frequently thought of as the primary musical heritage of Hungary, as in Franz Liszt's Hungarian Dances and Rhapsodies, which used Hungarian Roma music as representative of Hungarian folk music ^[10] Hungarian Roma music is often represented as the only music of the Roma, though multiple forms of Roma music are common throughout Europe and are often dissimilar to Hungarian forms. In the Hungarian language, 19th century folk styles like the csardas and the verbunkos, are collectively referred to as cigányzene, which translates literally as Gypsy music.^[11] Portrait by Henri Lehmann, 1839 Franz Liszt (Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc; pronounced , in English: list) (October 22, 1811 â€“ July 31, 1886) was a Hungarian [1] virtuoso pianist and composer of the Romantic period. ... The Hungarian Dances (German: Ungarische TÃ¤nze) by Johannes Brahms (WoO 1), are a set of 21 lively dance tunes based on Hungarian themes. ... The Roma people (pronounced rahma, singular Rom, sometimes Rroma, and Rrom) along with the closely related Sinti people are commonly known as Gypsies in English, and as Tsigany in most of Europe. ... Hungarian (magyar nyelv ) is a Finno-Ugric language (more specifically an Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. ... Czardas or Csárdás (Hungarian csárdás, from csárda, a tavern, beer house) is a traditional Hungarian folk dance. ... Verbunkos (Hungarian s is pronounced as English sh) (other spellings are Verbounko, Verbunko, Verbunkas, Werbunkos, Werbunkosch, Verbunkoche) is an 18th-century Hungarian dance and music genre. ...

Hungarian nationalist composers, like Bartók, rejected the conflation of Hungarian and Roma music, studying the rural peasant songs of Hungary which, according to music historian Bruno Nettl, "has little in common with" Roma music,^[5] a position that is held to by some modern writers, such as the Hungarian author Bálint Sárosi.^[11] Simon Broughton, however, has claimed that Roma music is "no less Hungarian and... has more in common with peasant music than the folklorists like to admit",^[2] and authors Marian Cotton and Adelaide Bradburn claimed that Hungarian-Roma music was "perhaps... originally Hungarian in character, but (the Roma have made so many changes that) it is difficult to tell what is Hungarian and what is" the authentic music of the Roma.^[12]

Aside from the Roma and the ethnic Hungarians, Hungary's musical heritage includes the vibrant Serbian traditions of the communities of Pomáz and Szentendre. The ethnic Csángó Hungarians of Moldavia's Seret Valley have moved in large numbers to Budapest, and become a staple of the local folk scene with their distinctive instrumentation using flutes, fiddles, drums and the lute.^[2] Serbia and Montenegro is a Balkan country, recently ravaged by war that has caused widespread migration and cultural oppression. ... PomÃ¡z is a town in Pest county, Hungary. ... Photo of Szentendres FÅ‘ tÃ©r (Main Square) Szentendre (Medieval Latin: Sankt Andrae; Serbian: Ð¡ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ€ÐµÑ˜Ð° or Sentandreja; German: Sankt AndrÃ¤; Slovak: Senondrej; Croatian: Sentandrija) is a riverside town in Pest county, Hungary, near the capital city of Budapest. ... Approximate area in eastern Romania inhabited by CsÃ¡ngÃ³s The CsÃ¡ngÃ³ (Romanian: CeangÄƒu, plural CeangÄƒi) are an ethnic group of Roman Catholic faith, some speaking a Hungarian dialect and some Romanian. ... For other uses of Moldavia or Moldova, see Moldova (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Verbunkos

Main article: Verbunkos Verbunkos (Hungarian s is pronounced as English sh) (other spellings are Verbounko, Verbunko, Verbunkas, Werbunkos, Werbunkosch, Verbunkoche) is an 18th-century Hungarian dance and music genre. ...

In the 19th century, verbunkos was the most popular style in Hungary. This consisted of a slow dance followed by a faster dance; this dichotomy, between the slower and faster dances, has been seen as the "two contrasting aspects of the Hungarian character".^[2] The rhythmic patterns and embellishments of the verbunkos are distinctively Hungarian in nature, and draw heavily upon the folk music composed in the early part of the century by Antal Csermak, Ferdinand Kauer, Janos Lavotta and others.^[13] Image File history File links Summary coloured lithograph from the beginning of the nineteenth century verbunkos recruiting ceremony Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Summary coloured lithograph from the beginning of the nineteenth century verbunkos recruiting ceremony Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Lithography is a method for printing on a smooth surface, as well as a method of manufacturing semiconductor and MEMS devices. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Verbunkos (Hungarian s is pronounced as English sh) (other spellings are Verbounko, Verbunko, Verbunkas, Werbunkos, Werbunkosch, Verbunkoche) is an 18th-century Hungarian dance and music genre. ... Ferdinand August Kauer (January 18, 1751, Klein-Thaya or DyÃ¡kovice, Moravia â€“ April 13, 1831, Vienna) was an Austrian composer and pianist. ...

Verbunkos was originally played at recruitment ceremonies to convince young men to join the army, and was performed, as in so much of Hungarian music, by Roma bands. One verbunkos tune, the "Rákóczi Song" became a march that was a prominent part of compositions by both Liszt and Hector Berlioz. The 18th century origins of verbunkos are not well-known, but probably include old dances like the swine-herd dance and the Heyduck dance, as well as elements of Balkan, Slavic and Levantine music, and the cultured music of Italy and Vienna, all filtered through the Roma performers. Verbunkos became wildly popular, not just among the poor peasantry, but also among the upper-class aristocratics, who saw verbunkos as the authentic music of the Hungarian nation. Characteristics of verbunkos include the bokázó (clicking of heels) cadence-pattern, the use of the interval of the augmented second, garlands of triplets, widely-arched, free melodies without words, and alternately swift and slow tempi. By the end of the 18th century, verbunkos was in use in opera, chamber and piano music, and in song literature, and was regarded as "the continuation, the resurrection of ancient Hungarian dance and music, and its success signified the triumph of the people's art".^[4] Portrait by Henri Lehmann, 1839 Franz Liszt (Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc; pronounced , in English: list) (October 22, 1811 â€“ July 31, 1886) was a Hungarian [1] virtuoso pianist and composer of the Romantic period. ... Portrait of Berlioz by Signol, 1832 Louis Hector Berlioz (December 11, 1803 â€“ March 8, 1869) was a French Romantic composer, best known for his compositions Symphonie Fantastique (first performed in 1830) and Grande Messe des Morts (Requiem). ... Look up Cadence, cadence in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. ... A short grand piano, with the top up. ...

The violinist Panna Czinka was among the most celebrated musicians of the 19th century, as was the Roma bandleader János Bihari, known as the "Napoleon of the fiddle".^[2] Bihari, Antal Csermák and other composers helped make verbunkos the "most important expression of the Hungarian musical Romanticism" and have it "the role of national music". Bihari was especially important in popularizing and innovatin the verbunkos; he was the "incarnation of the musical demon of fiery imagination" ^[14]. Bihari and others after his death helped invent nóta, a popular form written by composers like Lóránt Fráter, Árpád Balázs, Pista Dankó, Béni Egressy, Márk Rózsavölgyi and Imre Farkas.^[15] Many of the biggest names in modern Hungarian music are the verbunkos-playing Lakatos family, including Sándor Lakatos and Roby Lakatos.^[2] The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... Panna Czinka (1711-1772), born in Gemer, near Roznava - now Slovakia, was a Hungarian Roma violinist, played first violin in her own ensemble. ... JÃ¡nos Bihari (1764-1824/1827?) was an influential Hungarian Roma (Gypsy) violinist. ... Wanderer above the sea of fog by Caspar David Friedrich Romanticism is an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in 18th century Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution. ... NÃ³ta is a form of 19th century Hungarian popular song. ... LÃ³rÃ¡nt FrÃ¡ter was a popular 18th century Hungarian composer of folk music. ... ÃrpÃ¡d BalÃ¡zs (born October 1, 1937 in Szentes, Hungary) is a classical music composer. ... Pista DankÃ³ Pista DankÃ³ (July 13, 1858 - March 19, 1903) was a Hungarian-born bandleader and composer belonging to the Roma people, also referred to as gypsies. He primarily worked in the folk music styles popular in Hungary in the 19th century. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... MÃ¡rk RÃ³zsavÃ¶lgyi (born Mordecai (Motke) Rosenthal, 1789 Balassagyarmat - 1848, Pest) was a Hungarian-Jewish composer and violinist. ... Imre Farkas was a 19th Century Hungarian musician, most famous for his contribution for the popular NÃ³ta style. ... Imre Lakatos (1922-1974) was a philosopher of mathematics and of science. ... Roby Lakatos, the â€œdevilâ€™s fiddlerâ€, is a gypsy violinist from Hungary. ...

Roma music

Main article: Roma music 19th century print of Roma musicians Typically nomadic, the Roma have long acted as wandering entertainers and tradesmen. ...

Though the Roma are primarily known as the performers of Hungarian styles like verbunkos, they have their own form of folk music that is largely without instrumentation, in spite of their reputation in that field outside of the Roma community. Roma music tends to take on characteristics of whatever music the people are around, however, embellished with "twists and turns, trills and runs", making a very new, and distinctively Roma style. Though without instruments, Roma folk musicians use sticks, tapped on the ground, rhythmic grunts and a technique called oral-bassing which vocally imitates the sound of instruments. Some modern Roma musicians, like Ando Drom, Romani Rota and Kalyi Jag have added modern instruments like guitars to the Roma style, while Gyula Babos' Project Romani has used elements of avant-garde jazz.^[2] For other uses, see Guitar (disambiguation). ... Avant-jazz (also known as avant-garde jazz) is a style of music and improvisation that combines elements of avant-garde art music composition with elements of traditional jazz. ...

Hungarian music abroad

Main article: Music of Transylvania History: (Timeline and Samples) Genres Classical - Folk - Hardcore - Hip hop - Opera - Operett - Pop - Reggae - Rock - Wedding pop - Wedding rock Organisations Mahasz Awards Golden Giraffe Charts MAHASZ TOP 40 album, MAHASZ Kislemez TOP 10, Dance TOP 40 Festivals Sziget, Mayday, TÃ¡nchÃ¡ztalÃ¡lkozÃ³, Miskolc Opera Festival Media Radio PetÅ‘fi...

Ethnic Hungarians live in parts of Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, the United States and elsewhere. Of these, the Hungarian population of Romania (both in the region of Transylvania and among the Csángó people) has had the most musical impact on Hungary itself. The Hungarian community in Slovakia has produced the rootsy band Ghymes, who play in the táncház tradition.^[16] The Serbian region of Vojvodina is home to a large Hungarian minority; in this restive area, Hungarian music has been the target of attack by Serbian nationalists.^[17] Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic - President Boris TadiÄ‡ - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment - Formation 9th century - First unified state c. ... Approximate area in eastern Romania inhabited by CsÃ¡ngÃ³s The CsÃ¡ngÃ³ (Romanian: CeangÄƒu, plural CeangÄƒi) are an ethnic group of Roman Catholic faith, some speaking a Hungarian dialect and some Romanian. ... Vojvodina (red) is one of Serbias two autonomous provinces Capital (and largest city) Novi Sad Official languages Ethnic groups 2. ...

Transylvanian folk music remains vital part of life in modern Transylvania. Bartók and Kodály found Transylvania to be a fertile area for folk song collecting. Folk bands are usually a string trio, consisting of a violin, viola and double bass, occasionally with a cimbalom; the first violin, or primás, plays the melody, with the others accompanying and providing the rhythm.^[2] Transylvania is also the original home of the táncház tradition, which has since spread throughout Hungary. It is also possible that you want to know about the Cymbal instrument. ...

Image File history File links Muzsikas_Szerelem,_Szerelem. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ...

Táncház

Main article: Táncház TÃ¡nchÃ¡z is an aspect of the Hungarian roots revival of traditional culture which began in the early 1970s, and remains an active part of the national culture across the country, especially in cities like Budapest. ...

Táncház (dance house) is a form of dance music which first appeared in the 1970s as a reaction against state-supported homogenized folk music. They have been described as a "cross between a barn dance and folk club", and generally begin with a slow tempo verbunkos or Lad's Dance, followed by swifter csárdás dances. Csárdás is a very popular Hungarian folk dance that comes in many regional varieties, and is characterized by changes in tempo. Táncház began with the folk song collecting of musicians like Béla Halmos and Ferenc Sebő, who collected rural instrumental and dance music for popular, urban consumption, along with the dance collectors György Martin and Sándor Timár. The most important rural source of these songs was Transylvania, which is actually in Romania but has a large ethnic Hungarian minority. The instrumentation of these bands, based on Transylvanian and sometimes the southern Slovak Hungarian communities, included a fiddle on lead with violin and bowed double bass, sometimes including a cimbalom as well.^[2] TÃ¡nchÃ¡z is an aspect of the Hungarian roots revival of traditional culture which began in the early 1970s, and remains an active part of the national culture across the country, especially in cities like Budapest. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Céilí (Irish reformed spelling), or Ceilidh (Scottish and older Gaelic spelling), pronounced Kay-Lee in either case, is the traditional Gaelic social dance in Ireland and Scotland. ... Czardas or Csárdás (Hungarian csárdás, from csárda, a tavern, beer house) is a traditional Hungarian folk dance. ... The first two measures of Mozarts Sonata XI, which indicates the tempo as Andante grazioso and a modern editors metronome marking: = 120. â€œAndanteâ€ redirects here. ... Ferenc SebÅ‘ (b. ... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or ; Hungarian: ; German: ; Bulgarian: ; Serbian: / or / ) is a historical region in central and western Romania. ... â€œFiddlerâ€ redirects here. ... The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. ... It is also possible that you want to know about the Cymbal instrument. ...

Many of the biggest names in modern Hungarian music emerged from the táncház scene, including Muzsikás and Márta Sebestyén. Other bands include Vujicsics, Jánosi, Téka and Kalamajka, while singers include Éva Fábián and András Berecz. Famous instrumentalists include the fiddler Csaba Ökrös, cimbalomist Kálmán Balogh, violinist Félix Lajkó (from Subotica in Serbia) and multi-instrumentalist Mihály Dresch.^[2] MuzsikÃ¡s is a Hungarian musical group playing mainly folk music of Hungary and other countries and peoples of the region. ... MÃ¡rta SebestyÃ©n (born August 19, 1957, Budapest) is a Hungarian Folk vocalist. ... FÃ©lix LajkÃ³ (born December 17, 1974 in Subotica, Serbia) is an ethnic Hungarian world music violinist and composer from Vojvodina. ... Subotica city hall Subotica (Serbian: Ð¡ÑƒÐ±Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ†Ð° or Subotica, Hungarian: Szabadka, Croatian: Subotica, German: Maria-Theresiopel or Theresiopel, Slovak: Subotica, Rusin: Ð¡ÑƒÐ±Ð¾Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ†Ð°, Romanian: Subotica or Subotita) is a city and municipality in northern Serbia and Montenegro, in the North BaÄka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. ... MihÃ¡ly Dresch (born 1955 in Budapest) is one of the most interesting Hungarian jazz- and folk musicians in the current scene. ...

Classical music

Hungary's most important contribution to the worldwide field of European classical music is probably Franz Liszt,^[12] a renowned pianist in his own time and a well-regarded composer of Hungarian Rhapsody and Les Preludes. Liszt was among the major composers during the late 19th century, a time when modern Hungarian classical music was in its formative stage. Along with Liszt and his French Romantic tendencies, Ferenc Erkel's Italian and French-style operas, with Hungarian words, and Mihaly Mosonyi's German classical style, helped set the stage for future music, and their influence is "unsurpassed even by their successors, because in addition to their individual abilities they bring about an unprecedented artistic intensification of the Romantic musical idiom, which is practically consumed by this extreme passion" ^[18]. Elements of Hungarian folk music, especially verbunkos, became an important elements of many composers, both Hungarians like Kalman Simonffy and foreign composers like Ludwig van Beethoven.^[19] Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... Portrait by Henri Lehmann, 1839 Franz Liszt (Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc; pronounced , in English: list) (October 22, 1811 â€“ July 31, 1886) was a Hungarian [1] virtuoso pianist and composer of the Romantic period. ... The Hungarian Rhapsodies, (S/G244, R106) Rapsodies hongroises or Ungarische Rhapsodien) are a set of pieces of music by Franz Liszt, originally for solo piano. ... Les PrÃ©ludes is a symphonic poem by Hungarian composer Franz Liszt. ... Ferenc Erkel (November 7, 1810, Gyula - June 25, 1893, Budapest) was a Hungarian composer. ... Mihaly Mosonyi (1815 - 1870, born Michael Brand) was a Hungarian composer, known for a German classical style. ... A portrait by Joseph Karl Stieler, 1820 Ludwig van Beethoven (IPA: ), (baptized December 17, 1770[1] â€“ March 26, 1827) was a German composer and one of the pillars of European classical music. ...

Hungary has also produced Karl Goldmark, composer of the Rustic Wedding Symphony, composer and pianist Ernő Dohnányi, composer and ethnomusicologist László Lajtha, and the piano composer Stephen Heller. A number of violinists from Hungary have also achieved international renown, especially Joseph Joachim, Jenő Hubay, Edward Reményi and Leopold Auer. Hungarian-born conductors include Antal Doráti; Adam, Gyorgy and Ivan Fischer; Eugene Ormandy; Fritz Reiner; George Szell and Georg Solti.^[12] George Szell, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1954 Jan. ... George Szell, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1954 Jan. ... Karl Goldmark, also known originally as KÃ¡roly Goldmark and later sometimes as Carl Goldmark, (May 18, 1830 Keszthely, Hungary - January 2, 1915 Vienna) was a Hungarian composer. ... ErnÅ‘ DohnÃ¡nyi, also known as Ernst von DohnÃ¡nyi or DohnÃ¡nyi ErnÅ‘ (July 27, 1877 â€“ February 9, 1960) was a Hungarian conductor, composer, and pianist. ... LÃ¡szlÃ³ Lajtha (IPA: /ËˆlaËsloË ËˆlÉ’jtÉ’/) (in Hungarian Lajtha LÃ¡szlÃ³) (30 June 1892 â€“ 16 February 1963) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist and conductor. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Joseph Joachim Joseph Joachim (June 28, 1831 â€“ August 15, 1907) (pronounced YO-a-chim) was a violinist, conductor, composer and teacher. ... JenÅ‘ Hubay (b. ... Eduard Remenyi, RemÃ©nyi Ede (January 17, 1828, Miskolc, Hungary â€“ May 15, 1898, New York) was a Hungarian violinist. ... Leopold Auer. ... A conductor conducting at a ceremony A conductors score and batons Conducting is the act of directing a musical performance by way of visible gestures. ... Antal DorÃ¡ti (April 9, 1906 â€“ November 13, 1988) was a conductor and composer. ... ÃdÃ¡m Fischer (born 1949, Budapest) is a Hungarian conductor. ... ... Eugene Ormandy (November 18, 1899, Budapest, Hungary â€“ March 12, 1985, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an eminent American orchestral conductor. ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Sir Georg Solti, KBE (pronounced ) (21 October 1912 - 5 September 1997) was a world-renowned Hungarian-British orchestral and operatic conductor. ...

Hungarian opera

Main article: Hungarian opera The origins of Hungarian opera can be traced to the late 18th century, with the rise of imported opera and other concert styles in cities like Pozsony, Kismarton, Nagyszeben and Budapest. ...

The origins of Hungarian opera can be traced to the late 18th century, with the rise of imported opera and other concert styles in cities like Pozsony, Kismarton, Nagyszeben and Budapest. Operas at the time were in either the German or Italian style. The field Hungarian opera began with school dramas and interpolations of German operas, which began at the end of the 18th century. School dramas in places like the Pauline School in Sátoraljaújhely, the Calvinist School in Csurgó and the Piarist School in Beszterce.^[2] Pozsony is: the Hungarian name for PreÃŸburg = Bratislava (the current capital of Slovakia), once capital of the Hungarian kingdom Hence, the abbreviated name of the Pozsony county from a time when it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary. ... Eisenstadt (Hungarian Kismarton, Croatian Å½eljezno) is a city in Austria, the state capital of Burgenland. ... Sibiu (Hungarian: Nagyszeben, German: Hermannstadt) is a city in Transylvania, Romania with a population of 170,000. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Italian opera can be divided into three periods, the Baroque, the Romantic and the modern. ... SÃ¡toraljaÃºjhely (-Hungarian, Slovak: NovÃ© Mesto pod Å iatrom, German: Neustadt am Zeltberg) is a town located in Borsod-AbaÃºj-ZemplÃ©n county in northern Hungary near the Slovak border. ... CsurgÃ³ is a town in Somogy county, Hungary. ... Bistriţa (Hungarian: Beszterce, German: Bistritz) is the capital city of Bistrita-Nasaud county, Romania. ...

Pozsony produced the first music drama experiments in the country, though the work of Gáspár Pacha and József Chudy; it was the latter's 1793 Prince Pikkó and Jutka Perzsi that is generally considered the first opera in a distinctively Hungarian style. The text of that piece was translated from Prinz Schnudi und Prinzessin Evakathel by Philipp Hafner. This style was still strongly informed by the Viennese Zauberposse style of comedic play, and remained thusly throughout the 19th century. Though these operas used foreign styles, the "idyllic, lyric and heroic" parts of the story were always based on verbunkos, which was becoming a symbol of the Hungarian nation during this time.^[2] It was not until the middle of the 19th century that Ferenc Erkel wrote the first Hungarian language opera, using French and Italian models, thus launching the field of Hungarian opera.^[15] Philipp Hafner (1731-64) was an Austrian farce writer, born in Vienna. ...

Bartók and Kodály

Main articles: Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály BÃ©la BartÃ³k in 1927 BÃ©la Viktor JÃ¡nos BartÃ³k (March 25, 1881 â€“ September 26, 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist and collector of Eastern European and Middle Eastern folk music. ... ZoltÃ¡n KodÃ¡ly (IPA: ) (December 16, 1882 â€“ March 6, 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, educator, linguist and philosopher. ...

At the end of the 19th century, Hungarian music was dominated by compositions in the German classical style, while Viennese-style operettas gained immensely in popularity. This ended beginning in about 1905, when Endre Ady's poems were published, composer Béla Bartók was published for the first time, and Zoltán Kodály began collecting folk songs. Bartók and Kodály were two exceptional composers who created a distinctively Hungarian style. Bartók collected songs across Eastern Europe, though much of his activity was in Hungary, and he used their elements in his music. He was interested in all forms of folk music, while Kodály was more specifically Hungarian in his outlook. In contrast to previous composers who worked with Hungarian idioms, Kodály and Bartók did not conflate Roma and ethnic Hungarian music, specifically seeking out the latter at the expense of the former. Their work was a watershed that incorporated "every great tradition of the Hungarian people" and influenced all the later composers of the country ^[20]. Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... Endre Ady Endre Ady (November 22, 1877 â€“ January 27, 1919) was a Hungarian poet, one of the most important poets not only in the 20th century but in Hungarian literature in general. ...

Later 20th century

For the first half of the 20th century, Bartók and Kodály were potent symbols for a generation of composers, especially Kodály. Starting in about 1947, a revival in folk choir music began, ended as an honest force by 1950, when state-run art became dominant with the rise of Communism. Under Communism, "(c)ommitment and ideological affiliation (were) measured by the musical style of a composer; the ignominious adjectives 'formalistic' and 'cosmopolitan' gain currency ... (and the proper Hungarian style was) identified with the major mode, the classical aria, rondo or sonata form, the chord sequences distilled" from Kodály's works. Music was uniformly festive and optimistic, with every deviation arousing suspicion; this simplicity led to a lack of popular support from the public, who did not identify with the sterile approved styles. The most prominent composers of this period were Endre Szervánszky and Lajos Bárdos^[21] Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... An aria (Italian for air; plural: arie or arias in common usage) in music was originally any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer. ... a rondo is played between episode which are played by non solo people Rondo, and its French equivalent rondeau, is a word that has been used in music in a number of ways, most often in reference to a musical form, but also in reference to a character-type that... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Lajos BÃ¡rdos (October 1, 1899 - November 18, 1986) was a composer, conductor, and professor of music at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music. ...

Beginning in about 1955, a new wave of composers appeared, inspired by Bartók and breathing new life into Hungarian music. Composers from this era included Ferenc Szabó, Endre Szervánszky, Pál Kadosa, Ferenc Farkas and György Ránki. These composers both brought back old techniques of Hungarian music, as well as adapting imported avant-garde and modernist elements of Western classical music.^[22] The foundation of the New Music Studio in 1970 helped further modernize Hungarian classical music though promoting composers that felt audience education was as important a consideration as artistic merit in composition and performance; these Studio's well-known composers include László Vidovszky, Barnabás Dukay and Zoltán Jeney.^[23] KÃ¡roly Ferenc SzabÃ³ (born 29 August 1943) is a Romanian politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... PÃ¡l Kadosa (1903â€“1983) was a leading Hungarian composer of the post BartÃ³k generation. ... Ferenc Farkas (born December 15, 1905 in Nagykanizsa; died October 10, 2000 in Budapest) was a Hungarian composer. ... GyÃ¶rgy RÃ¡nki (November 30, 1907 â€“ 1992) was a composer for various media. ... A work similar to Marcel Duchamps Fountain Avant garde (written avant-garde) is a French phrase, one of many French phrases used by English speakers. ... LÃ¡szlÃ³ Vidovszky (b. ... ZoltÃ¡n Jeney (b. ...

Popular music

Hungarian popular music in the early 20th century consisted of light operettas and the Roma music of various styles. Nagymező utca, the "Broadway of Budapest", was a major center for popular music, and boasted enough nightclubs and theaters to earn its nickname. In 1945, however, this era abruptly ended and popular music was mostly synonymous with the patriotic songs imposed by the Russian Communists. Some operettas were still performed, though infrequently, and any music with Western influences was seen as harmful and dangerous.^[16] In 1956, however, liberalization began with the "three Ts" (tűrés, tiltás, támogatás, meaningtoleration, prohibition, support), and a long period of cultural struggle began, starting with a battle over African American jazz.^[16] Jazz became a part of Hungarian music in the early 20th century, but did not achieve widespread renown until the 1970s, when Hungary began producing internationally known performers like the Benko Dixieland Band and Bela Szakcsi Lakatos.^[24]. Other renowned performers from the younger generation are the Hot Jazz Band and the Bohem Ragtime Jazz Band. Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... The Lion King at the New Amsterdam Theatre, 2003 Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Rock

Main article: Hungarian rock Hungarian rock has been a part of the popular music of Hungary since the early 1960s. ...

Rock and roll was an originally African American style that was later appropriated by white musicians in the United States, United Kingdom and across much of the world. In the early 1960s, Hungarian youths began listening to rock in droves, in spite of condemnation from the authorities. Three bands dominated the scene by the beginning of the 1970s, Illés, Metró and Omega, all three of which had released at least one album. A few other bands recorded a few singles, but the Record-Producing Company, a state-run record label, did not promote or support these bands, which quickly disappeared.^[25] Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... IllÃ©s was a Hungarian rock band, and was one of the biggest groups of the early 1970s rock boom in Hungary. ... MetrÃ³ was a very famous Hungarian rock band in the 1960s and early 1970s. ... Omega is one of the most successful Hungarian rock bands. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

In 1968, the New Economic Mechanism was introduced, intending on revitalizing the Hungarian economy, while the band Illés won almost every prize at the prestigious Táncdal Fesztivál. In the 70s, however, the Russians cracked down on subversives in Hungary, and rock was a major target. The band Illés was banned from performing and recording, while Metró and Omega left. Some of the members of these bands formed a supergroup, Locomotiv GT, that quickly became very famous. The remaining members of Omega, meanwhile, succeeded in achieving stardom in Germany, and remained very popular for a time.^[25] The New Economic Mechanism (NEM) was a major economic reform launched in the Peoples Republic of Hungary in 1968. ... Locomotiv GT (often abbreviated LGT) is a Hungarian rock band formed in 1971. ...

Rock bands in the late 1970s had to conform to the Record Company's demands and ensure that all songs passed the inspection of the Song Committee, who scoured all songs looking for ideological disobedience. LGT was the most prominent band of a classic rock style that was very popular, along with Illés, Bergendy and Zorán, while there were other bands like The Sweet and Middle of the Road who catered to the desires of the Song Committee, producing rock-based pop music without a hint of subversion. Meanwhile, the disco style of electronic music produced such performers as the officially-sanctioned Neoton Familia, and Beatrice and Szűcs Judit, while the more critically acclaimed progressive rock scene produced bands like East, V73, Color and Panta Rhei.^[25] Classic rock was originally conceived as a radio station programming format which evolved from the album oriented rock (AOR) format in the early-1980s. ... ZorÃ¡n Sztevanovity (born in Belgrad, Yugoslavia, 4 March 1942) is a Hungarian musician (guitarist), singer and composer of a Serbian origin. ... Middle of the Road was a Scottish pop group who enjoyed great success across Europe in the early 1970s. ... For popular forms of music in general, see Popular music. ... Disco is a genre of dance-oriented pop music that was popularized in dance clubs (discothÃ¨ques) in the mid-1970s, and which dominated mainstream pop until the late 1970s. ... It has been suggested that Electronica be merged into this article or section. ... Beatrice is a Hungarian rock band. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Panta Rhei was a Hungarian rock band. ...

In the early 1980s, economic and cultural depression wracked Hungary, leading to a wave of disillusioned and alienated youth, exactly the people that rock, and the burgeoning worldwide field of punk rock, spoke to the most. Major bands from this era included Beatrice, who had moved from disco to punk and folk-influenced rock and were known for their splashy, uncensored and theatrical performances, P. Mobil, Bikini, Hobo Blues Band, a bluesy duo, A.E. Bizottság, Európa Kiadó, Sziámi and Edda művek.^[25] Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... Bikini is a Hungarian rock band. ... EDDA is a highly successful Hungarian rock band formed in 1978 under the name EDDA MÅ±vek. The word mÅ±vek (works) reflects the fact that the band originally started off its career in Miskolc, a typical Eastern European industrial city also dubbed as Steel City EDDAs diversely arranged...

The 1980s saw the Record Production Company broken up because Hungary's authorities realized that restricting rock was not effective in reducing its effect; they instead tried to water it down by encouraging young musicians to sing about the principles of Communism and obedience. The early part of the decade saw the arrive of punk and New Wave music in full force, and the authorities quickly incorporated those styles as well. The first major prison sentences for rock-related subversion were given out, with the members of the punk band CPg sentenced to two years for political incitement.^[25] New Wave is a term that has been used to describe many developments in music, but is most commonly associated with a movement in Western popular music in the late 1970s and early 1980s inspired by the punk rock movement. ... CPg is a controversial underground punk rock group lead by guitarist ZoltÃ¡n BenkÅ‘ and drummer ZoltÃ¡n Nagy in Szeged, Hungary in 1979. ...

By the end of the decade and into the 1990s, internal problems made it impossible for the Hungarian government to counter the activities of rock and other musical groups. After the collapse of the Communist government, the Hungarian scene become more and more like the styles played in the rest of Europe.^[25]

Electronic dance music

Clubbing and electronic dance music started gaining popularity in Hungary following the system change of 1989 [1] and corresponding to Electronic music's increasing popularity in the worldwide musical mainstream. The history of Electronic Dance Music and Techno culture in Hungary is documented in Ferenc Kömlődy's book "Fénykatedrális", (1999 in Hungarian). Important contemporary formations with notable popular success to date are Anima Sound System, Korai Öröm, Yonderboi, Žagar, and Neo. It has been suggested that Electronica be merged into this article or section. ... Anima Sound System Anima Sound System is a Hungarian instrumental band founded in 1993 . ... LÃ¡szlÃ³ Fogarasi Jr. ... Å½agar (or Zagar) is the headliner group of the Hungarian electronic music scene. ... Neo is a Hungarian electronica band, best known for producing the music for the movie Kontroll. ...

Hip hop

Main article: Hungarian hip hop Popular Hungarian hip hop performers include a gangsta rap pioneer, Ganxsta Zolee. ...

Hip hop and rap have been developing in Hungary with two scenes, underground and mainstream, which is mostly popular among young gypsy people in Hungary. Underground rappers condemn the mainstream for "selling" their music and usually provide deeper message. Mainstream hip hop is dominated by the pioneer of Gangsta rap in Hungary, Ganxsta Zolee, and there are also other famous ones including Sub Bass Monster, Dopeman, and LL Junior. Look up Gypsy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The Belga formation started as an offshoot hiphop project at Tilos Rádió. As lyrical innovators and phenomenal parodists, they gained wide popularity for an extremely explicit criticism of Budapest public transport company BKV, as well as hilarious wordplays and self-irony. Their lyrics are significant beyond the hip-hop scope as a cultural documentation of turn-of-the-millennia Culture of Hungary. Tilos RÃ¡diÃ³ is a community, non-profit radio station in Budapest, Hungary. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... BKV â€“ the abbreviation BKV stands for its earlier name Budapesti KÃ¶zlekedÃ©si VÃ¡llalat; Mass Transport Company of Budapest) is the unified public transport company of the city of Budapest, the capital of Hungary. ... The culture of Hungary is rich and varied, from the twin cities of Buda and Pest on the Danube, to the Great Plain bordering Ukraine. ...

Hungarian Slam sessions are rare and few, and still a novelty for the mainstream, but are gaining popularity with literary performers, emcees and audiences alike.

Hardcore, Metal

Despite being unknown for common Hungarian people, hardcore and metal are flourishing styles of music in Hungary. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... A number of overlapping heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal in the late 1960s. ...

// Raab redirects here. ... Szombathely (Latin Savaria/Sabaria, German Steinamanger, Slovenian Sombotel) is a city in Hungary. ... Aerial photography: Csorna - PrÃ©postsÃ¡g Csorna is a town in GyÅ‘r-Moson-Sopron county, Hungary. ... This article is about the town of Zalaegerszeg, for the football club, see Zalaegerszegi TE Zalaegerszeg is the administrative center of Zala county, Western Hungary. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Death metal is a subgenre of heavy metal. ... Black metal is an extreme heavy metal subgenre. ... Thrash metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music, one of the extreme metal subgenres that is characterised by its signature high speed and aggression. ... Power metal is a style of heavy metal music typically with the aim of evoking an epic feel, combining characteristics of traditional metal with thrash metal or speed metal, often within symphonic context. ... Folk metal is a diverse collection of music, encompassing a wide variety of different styles and approaches. ... Heavy metal (sometimes referred to simply as metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. ... Ektomorf is a metal band from Hungary. ...

Punk

The origins of the Hungarian punk movement go back to the early Eighties, when a handful of bands like ETA, QSS, CPG and Auróra emerged as angry young men playing fast and raw punk rock music with anti-Communist lyrics. It's ironic that while British bands like the Clash toyed with Communist ideology, punks in Hungary had to live under the reality of communism and were part of a national movement to reject it. When the change of system arrived in 1989 it brought a new situation and the punk bands, such as veterans Auróra and newcomers PICSA revolted against corruption and the americanization of the country. The new system retained the bad things from the previous one, but lacked that good things that people expected - organized crime appeared right away, but the standard of living hasn't risen. This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ...

Festivals, venues and other institutions

Budapest, the capital and music center of Hungary,^[12] is one of the best places to go in Hungary to hear "really good folk music", says world music author Simon Broughton. The city is home to an annual folk festival called Táncháztalálkozó ("Meeting of the Táncházak", literally "dance houses"), which is a major part of the modern music scene.^[2] The Sziget Festival, held annually in July or August, is one of Europe's largest cultural festival, with a wide range of musical performances. Long-standing venues in Budapest include the Philharmonic Society (founded 1853), the Opera House of Budapest (founded 1884) the Academy of Music, which opened in 1875 with President Franz Liszt and Director Ferenc Erkel and which has remained the center for music education in the country since.^[4] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... TÃ¡nchÃ¡ztalÃ¡lkozÃ³ is an annual folk dance and tanchaz celebration held in Budapest, Hungary. ... History: (Timeline and Samples) Genres Classical - Folk - Hardcore - Hip hop - Opera - Operett - Pop - Reggea - Rock - Wedding pop - Wedding rock Organisations Mahasz Awards Golden Giraffe Charts MAHASZ TOP 40 album, MAHASZ Kislemez TOP 10, Dance TOP 40 Festivals Sziget, Mayday, TÃ¡nchÃ¡ztalÃ¡lkozÃ³, Miskolc Opera Festival Media Radio PetÅ‘fi... The Hungarian State Opera House (formerly the Budapest Royal Opera) was built in 1884 by MiklÃ³s Ybl. ... The New Academy, facing Ferenc Liszt Square The Franz Liszt Academy of Music (in Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc ZenemÅ±vÃ©szeti Egyetem or simply ZeneakadÃ©mia, Music Academy) is a concert hall and a music university in Budapest, Hungary, founded by pianist and composer Franz Liszt on November 14, 1875. ...

The Hungarian Ministry of Culture helps to fund some forms of music, as does the government-run National Cultural Fund. Non-profit organizations in Hungary include the Hungarian Jazz Alliance and the Hungarian Music Council.^[26] Ministry of Culture in Egypt is headed by H.E. Mr. ...

References

September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Notes

Contents

Characteristics

Music history

Folk music

Verbunkos

Roma music

Hungarian music abroad

Táncház

Classical music

Hungarian opera

Bartók and Kodály

Later 20th century

Popular music

Rock

Electronic dance music

Hip hop

Hardcore, Metal

Punk

Festivals, venues and other institutions

References

Notes

Further reading

External links

Contents

Characteristics GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Music history

Folk music

Verbunkos

Roma music

Hungarian music abroad

Táncház

Classical music

Hungarian opera

Bartók and Kodály

Later 20th century

Popular music

Rock

Electronic dance music

Hip hop

Hardcore, Metal

Punk

Festivals, venues and other institutions

References

Notes

Further reading

External links

Characteristics