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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (May 2007) Iraqi Music, (Arabic,موسيقى عراقية) Is the music of Mesopotamia (Now known as Iraq). Bashir]]. Until the fall of Saddam Hussein, the most popular radio station was the Voice of Youth. The mongo boobs and a mix of western rock, hip hop and pop music, all of which had to be imported via Jordan due to international economic sanctions. The Corrs and Westlife are especially popular. Iraq has also produced a major pan-Arab pop star-in-exile in Kazem al Saher, whose songs include "Ladghat E-Hayya", which was banned by Saddam Hussein for its racy lyrical content. Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Mesopotamia was a cradle of civilization geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq. ... Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq and Chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council from 1979 until his overthrow by US forces in 2003. ... A radio station is an audio (sound) broadcasting service, traditionally broadcast through the air as radio waves (a form of electromagnetic radiation) from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. ... Rock and roll (also spelled Rock n Roll, especially in its first decade), also called rock, is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... This article is about the genre of popular music. ... Economic sanctions are economic penalties applied by one country (or group of countries) on another for a variety of reasons. ... The Corrs are a multi-platinum, Grammy-nominated Celtic folk-rock and pop rock group from Dundalk, Republic of Ireland. ... Westlife is a pop group that formed on July 3, 1998. ... Kazem Al Saher (Arabic:كاظم الساهر) (born on September 12, 1961 in the city of Mosul in northern Iraq) has established himself as the biggest singer in the Arab World, having sold more than 30 million albums since the start of his career. ... Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq and Chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council from 1979 until his overthrow by US forces in 2003. ... Other modern Iraqi singers include Shatha Hassoun, Dalli, Rahma Mezher, Majid Al Muhandis and Iraq's very own boyband Unknown to No One. Shada Hassoun or Shatha Hassoon ,Arabic شذى حسون (born 3 March 1981. ... Rahma Mezher (born January 19, 1987 in Iraq), is a singer who rose to popularity after participating in Super Star 2, the pan-Arabic version of Pop Idol. ... Majid Al Muhandis (Arabic:ماجد المهندس) is an Iraqi singer. ... Contents 1 Modern Era 1.1 History 2 Effect of 2003 Iraq War 3 References [edit] Modern Era Musical theater group in Baghdad, 1920s. The Iraqi National Orchestra which was officially founded in 1959,performing a concert in Iraq ,July 2007. Early in the 20th century, many of the most prominent musicians in Iraq were Jewish.[1] These dincluded all the instrumentalists who attended the famous 1932 Arabic music congress in Cairo, which the Muslim vocalist Mohammed Al-Quebbantchi also attended. In 1936, Iraq Radio was established with an ensemble made up entirely of Jews, with the exception of the percussion player. The nightclubs of Baghdad also featured almost entirely Jewish musicians. At these nightclubs, ensembles consisted of oud, qanun and two percussionists, while the same format with a ney and cello were used on the radio.[1] Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... The 1920s they were sexy referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... The Iraqi National Symphony Orchestra (INSO) is a government funded symphony orchestra in Baghdad. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Ney (disambiguation). ... This article is about the stringed musical instrument. ... One of the reasons for the predominance of Jewish instrumentalists in early 20th century Iraqi music was a prominent school for blind Jewish children, which was founded in the late 1920s. The 1920s they were sexy referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... Singers, on the other hand, were Muslim, Jewish and Christian. The most famous singer of the 1930s–1940s was perhaps the Jew Salima Pasha (later Salima Murad).[1][2] The respect and adoration for Pasha were unusual at the time, since public performance by women was considered shameful and most female singers were recruited from brothels.[1] The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the [[. In East Asia, the rise of militarism occurred. ... The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949. ... Salima Pasha, later known as Salima Mourad or Salima Murad (Arabic,سليمة مراد) was a well known Iraqi Jewish singer and was highly respected both in Israel and the Arab world. ... Numerous instrumentalists and singers of the middle and late twentieth century were trained at the Baghdad Conservatory. For much of the 20th century, Egypt was the center for Arab popular music, with only a few Utars from other countries finding international success. The most famous early composer from Craq was Ezra Aharon, an oud player, while the most prominent instrumentalist was Dawud l-Kuwaiti. Duwad and his brother Salih formed the official ensemble for the Iraqi radio station and were responsible for introducing the cello and ney into the traditional ensemble.[1] [edit] History The roots of modern Iraqi maqam can be traced as far back as the Abbassid era, when a large empire was controlled from Baghdad. The music has also gained influences from Persian music. The modern form, however, descends directly from the 19th century Turkmen composer Rahmat Allah Shiltegh (1798-1872). Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Muslim empire. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1798 (MDCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The pesteh, a kind of light song which concludes a maqam performance, has been popularized in the later 20th century, growing more prominent along with the rise of recorded music and broadcast radio. Among the most popular pesteh performers are the husband and wife Selima Murad and Nazim Al-Ghazali. The most popular modern singers of maqam are Rachid Al-Qundarchi (1887-1945), Youssouf Omar (1918-1987), Nazem Al-Ghazali (1920-1963), Salim Shibbeth (born 1908), Hassan Chewke (1912-1962), Najim Al-Sheikhli (1893-1938), Mohammed Al-Qubanchi (1900-1989) and Farida Mohammad Ali (1963- ). Year 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... This article is about the year 1987. ... Nazem El Ghazali (1912-1963) (Arabic: ناظم الغزالي , also spelled Nadhem Al-Ghazali, Nadhem Ghazali, Nazem Al-Ghazali) was one of the most popular singers in the history of Iraq and his songs are still heard by many in the Arab world. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... Year 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Äž: For the film, see: 1900 (film). ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Across the Arab world, maqam refers to specific melodic modes. When a musician performs maqam performances, the performer improvises, based on rules. See article, maqam. There are a number of different maqams, each with or self own mood and characteristics. There are between fifty and seventy maqams, many of which also have sub-styles and varian sex, is closely related to Syrian music, but is less melodious and more melismatic. Other characteristics of Iraqi music include a slow tempo, rhythmically free ornamentation or melodic lines, and predominantly minor modes. Instruments include qanun, riqq, santur, darbuka, naqqara, ney, djose and oud. Baghdad's tchalgi ensembes typically include the djoze and ney, and may also utilize an oud. In Arabic music a maqaam (Arabic: ‎, Hebrew: ) is, a technique of improvisation that defines the pitches, patterns, and development of a piece of music and which is unique to Arabian art music. ... This article is about modes as used in music. ... In Arabic music a maqaam (Arabic: ‎, Hebrew: ) is, a technique of improvisation that defines the pitches, patterns, and development of a piece of music and which is unique to Arabian art music. ... Syrias capital and largest city, Damascus, has long been one of the Arab worlds centers for cultural and artistic innovation, especially in the field of classical Arab music. ... The qanún is a musical string instrument used in Middle-Eastern music. ... The riq (also spelled riqq or rik) is a type of tambourine used as a traditional instrument in Arabic music. ... Santur Woman playing the santur in a painting from the Hasht-Behesht Palace in Isfahan Iran, 1669 The santur (سنتور – also santÅ«r, santour, santoor) is a hammered dulcimer of Iran. ... The Goblet drum is a goblet or hour-glass shaped hand drum used in Arab music, Persian music, Balkan music and Turkish music. ... For other uses, see Ney (disambiguation). ... Front and rear views of an oud. ... Maqama texts are often derived from classical Arabic poetry, such as by Mohammad Mehdi Al-Jawahiri, al-Mutanabbi and Abu Nuwas, or Persian poets like Hafez and Omar Khayyám. Some performers used traditional sources translated into the dialect of Baghdad, and still others use Arabic, Turkish, Armenian, Hebrew, Turkmen, Aramaic or Persian language lyrics. the 7th Maqama of Maqamat al-HarÄ«rÄ« Arabic مقامات الحريري ,back to mid the 10th century Maqāma (Arabic, assemblies, maqāmātمقامات) are an (originally) Arabic literary genre of rhymed prose with intervals of poetry in which rhetorical extravagance is conspicuous. ... Arabic poetry is poetry composed and written down in the Arabic language either by Arab people or non-Arabs. ... Abou-t-Tayyib Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Mutanabbi (Arabic: أبو الطيب احمد بن الحسين المتنبّي ) ‎ (915–965) was an Arab (Iraqi-born) poet. ... A drawing of Abu Nuwas Abu-Nuwas al-Hasan ben Hani al-Hakami (750?–815?) was a renowned Arabic poet. ... Hafez, detail of an illumination in a Persian manuscript of the Divan of Hafez, 18th century. ... For other people, places or with similar names of Khayam, see Khayyam (disambiguation). ... [edit] Effect of 2003 Iraq War Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq and fall of Saddam Hussein, some militant extremists have been attacking musicians, especially those in the port city of Basra, where Shia extremists are believed to be responsible.[3] Basra's sea shanties are well-known throughout Iraq. Music shops in the Summar district have been the target of grenade bombings. Religious leaders have closed some of the concert halls and clubs in the city. This article is about the city of Basra. ... Sea shanties (singular shanty, also spelled chantey; derived from the French word chanter, to sing) were shipboard working songs. ... v • d • e Middle Eastern music By style Arabesque · Raï · Classical Arab · Arabic pop · Coptic · Chaabi · Al-Geel · Persian traditional · Iranian folk · Sharki · Qawwali · Ottoman classical · Turkish folk · Persian pop · Nuubaat · Gharnati · Tsifteteli · Gnawa · Andalusian classical · Sephardic · Malhun · Bedouin · Sha'abi · Sawt The category Middle Eastern music refers to music from the Middle East and its different regions such as North Africa, the Levant and the Persian Gulf States. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Arabesk. ... Raï (Arabic: راي) is a form of folk music, originated in Oran, Algeria from Bedouin shepherds, mixed with Spanish, French, African-American and Arabic musical forms, which dates back to the 1930s and has been primarily evolved by women in the culture. ... Arab music is the music of Arabic-speaking people or countries, especially those centered around the Arabian Peninsula, though Peter van der Merwe (1989, p. ... Arabic pop music or Arab pop is a subgenre of Pop music and Arabic music. ... Coptic music is music that is played in the Coptic Orthodox Church (of Egypt). ... Chaabi, also known as Chaâbi, Sha-bii, or Shabii, refers to two different Music genres in North Africa : Algerian chaabi Moroccan chaabi Categories: | ... Persian music or Musiqi Sonati is the traditional and indigenous music of Iran and Persian-speaking countries: musiqi, the science and art of music, and moosiqi, the sound and performance of music (Sakata 1983). ... Iran’s local melodies are some of the richest, most beautiful and most various among the folk melodies in the world. ... A southeasterly wind which sometimes blows in the Persian Gulf. ... Qawwali (Urdu: قوٌالی, Hindi: क़वाली) is the devotional music of the Chishti Sufis of the Indian Subcontinent. ... Ottoman classical music (Türk Sanat Müziği) is a kind of music that developed parallel with the Ottoman Empire. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... -1... Nuubaat is a form of Algerian classical music. ... Gharnati refers to a variety of Moroccan music originating in Andalusia. ... Ciftetelli (τσιφτετέλι, Ciftetelli ) is a Turkish/ Greek dance. ... Gnawas around 1920s Gnawa or Gnaoua (in Arabic چنّاوة) is a group of musicians who might be descendants of former slaves originating from Sub-Saharan Africa or came freely to Morocco with Caravans during the Trans-Saharan trade trade, or both. ... Andalusian classical music is a style of classical music found across North Africa, though it evolved out of the music of Andalusia between the 10th and 15th centuries. ... The Sephardic Jews are one of the three main ethnicities among Diaspora Jews, the others being the Ashkenazi and Mizrahi. ... Malhun (or Milhûn, in Arabic الملحون) meaning the melodic poem is a Moroccan music that borrows its modes from the Andalusian music. ... Bedouin music is the music of nomadic Bedouin tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. ... Shaabi is the name of a style of living, a style of dance, and a style of music. ... Sawt (Arabic,صوت = voice)(also spelled sout or sowt) is a kind of popular music found in the Arabian states of the Persian Gulf area, especially in Kuwait and Bahrain. ... By region Arabic · Egyptian · Syriac · Lebanese · Turkish · Persian · Syrian · Armenian · Assyrian · Kurdish · Azeri · Jordanian · Palestinian · Iraqi · Greek · Berber · Central Asian · Afghanistan · Tunisia · Morocco · Yemen · United Arab Emirates · Djibouti · Somalia · Sudan · Kuwait · Bahrain · Oman · Qatar · Saudi Arabia · Israel · Serbian Arabic music includes several genres and styles of music ranging from Arab classical to Arabic pop music and from secular to sacred music. ... The region around the Nile is one of the oldest continually-inhabited areas in the world. ... Syriac music is music in the Syriac language. ... Beirut, the largest city in Lebanon, has long been a thriving metropolis, known, especially in a period immediately following World War 2, for its European-style art and intellectualism. ... Turkish music includes the music of modern Turkey, together with related musics in neighbouring regions that once lay within the former Ottoman Empire, and closely related ethnic variants in Central Asia stretching as far as the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. ... Moosiqi Asil or Persian music is the traditional and indigenous music of Persia and Persian-speaking countries: musiqi, the science and art of music, and moosiqi, the sound and performance of music (Sakata 1983). ... Syrias capital and largest city, Damascus, has long been one of the Arab worlds centers for cultural and artistic innovation, especially in the field of classical Arab music. ... Armenia is in the Caucasus Mountains, and its music is a mix of indigenous folk music, perhaps best_represented by Djivan Gasparyans well-known duduk music, as well as light pop similar to nearby Middle-Eastern countries, and extensive Christian music, due to Armenias status as the oldest Christian... Assyrian music is divided into three main sections or periods, The Ancient Period that is of (Ur, Babylon and Nineveh), The middle period or Tribal and Folkloric period, and the Modern Period. ... Kurdish Music (Kurdish: Muzîk û strana kurdî) referes to music performed in Kurdish language. ... Azerbaijan is in Caucasus but, musically, it is more closely linked to Persian culture. ... The music of Jordan can be distinguished from that of its neighboring countries like Syria and Saudi Arabia by its strong Bedouin influence. ... Palestinian music ;Arabic,موسيقى فلسطينية is one of many regional sub-genres of Arabic music. ... Iraq is known primarily for an instrument called the oud (similar to a lute) and a rebab (similar to a fiddle); its stars include Ahmed Mukhtar and the Assyrian Munir Bashir. ... Greek music is a mixture of influences from its own indigenous culture with Western and Middle Eastern cultures. ... The Berbers are an ethnic group in North and West Africa. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Serbia and Montenegro is a Balkan country, recently ravaged by war that has caused widespread migration and cultural oppression. ... Related topics Middle Eastern dance · Balkan music · Halay · Dabke · Pop folk · Dastgah · Maqam · Makam · Usul · Tallava · Kanto · Balkan Pop · R'n'Besk · Čalgija Belly dancers Belly dance is a Western name coined for a style of female dance developed in the Middle East and other Arabic-influenced areas. ... The music of Southeastern Europe, sometimes characterised by complex rhythm, is a type of music distinct from others in Europe. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Dabke (Arabic: ; also transliterated as debke, dabka, and dabkeh) is the traditional folk dance of the Levant, going back generations, and is also the national dance of Lebanon, Jordon, Syria and Palestine, its found also in Iraq and northern Saudi Arabia but with a different name (Chobi). ... Pop-folk is a music-genre consisting of both pop music and folk music. ... The tradition of Persian art music embodies twelve modal systems, known as dastgahs. ... In Arabic music a maqaam (Arabic: ‎, Hebrew: ) is, a technique of improvisation that defines the pitches, patterns, and development of a piece of music and which is unique to Arabian art music. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... In Classical Turkish Music, usul is an underlying rhythmic cycle that complements the melodic rhythm and sometimes helps shape the overall structure of a composition. ... Genres: Alternative - Classical - Dance - Folk - Hip hop - Jazz - Military - Ottoman - Opera - Pop - Religious - Rock Awards Kral MV, MÃœ-YAP, MGD Charts Billboard Charts Music Festivals Istanbul International Music Festival, Istanbul International Jazz Festival, Izmir European Jazz Festival, Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival Media Rolling Stone (Türkiye), MTV (T... ÄŒalgija (Macedonian language: Чалгија) is a subgenre of the old urban traditional folk music (starogradska muzika) of Republic of Macedonia. ... [edit] References ^ a b c d e Kojaman, <http://www.dangoor.com/72page42.html>. Retrieved on 9 September 2007 . ^ Manasseh, Sara (February 2004), "An Iraqi samai of Salim Al-Nur", Newsletter (London: Arts and Humanities Research Board Research Centre for Cross-Cultural Music and Dance Performance) (no. 3): 7, <http://www.soas.ac.uk/ahrbmusicanddance/newsletter/musicanddance3.pdf>. Retrieved on 9 September 2007 . ^ Traditional Iraqi music under threat, Qatar: Aljazeera.net, February 22, 2004, <http://english.aljazeera.net/English/Archive/Archive?ArchiveID=1546>. Retrieved on 9 September 2007 . Badley, Bill and Zein al Jundi. "Europe Meets Asia". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 391-395. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0 Categories: Iraqi music Hidden categories: Cleanup from May 2007 | All pages needing cleanup

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	Iraq (1064 words) Following Iraq's occupation of Kuwait in 1990, and the subsequent expulsion by international troops, Iraq was internationally isolated until the spring of 2003, when the United States and the United Kingdom controversially invaded and removed the Ba'ath Party from leadership and continue to occupy the country. Large parts of Iraq consist of desert, but the area between the two major rivers Euphrates and Tigris is fertile, with the rivers carrying about 70 million cubic meters of silt annually to the delta. Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic sanctions, and damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically reduced economic activity.
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